JPS6147325B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention electrically detects the state of vibration or sound accompanying the operation of a rolling bearing or a sliding bearing incorporated in a machine such as a rotating body, and transmits the detected signal. The present invention relates to a bearing abnormality monitoring device that automatically repairs abnormalities in the bearing or issues an alarm to cause an emergency or scheduled stop of the bearing by determining the abnormality according to the abnormal state.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a device for monitoring abnormalities in a bearing incorporated in a machine such as a rotating body, a vibration monitoring device using a vibration meter or the like is well known. This type of device measures the vibrations associated with bearing operation, reads the indicated value of the vibration amplitude, and determines whether or not an abnormality has occurred based on the magnitude of that value. It is something. However, such conventional devices are not designed to constantly monitor abnormalities, but are used periodically and as needed, so they are designed to be transportable and portable for convenient patrol inspections, etc. It is used as an auxiliary means for people. Therefore, when inspecting bearing abnormalities, it is dominated by the subjectivity of individual workers, which causes various problems that are undesirable in terms of management, as well as the inconvenience that quantitative detection is difficult during measurement. It was hot.

The present invention has been made in view of the shortcomings of conventional devices, and provides a bearing abnormality monitoring device that can constantly monitor the operating state of the bearing and automatically take measures in response to abnormalities occurring. is intended to provide.

That is, the present invention provides a first sensor that electrically detects a state of vibration or sound accompanying the operation of a rolling bearing or a sliding bearing incorporated in a machine such as a rotating body, and a first sensor that communicates with the bearing. a lubricating oil supply/discharge device provided to control an on-off valve and supply/discharge lubricating oil to the bearing via a communicating pipe;
a sensor, a first discriminating means for extracting and discriminating a characteristic waveform from an output signal detected by the first sensor, a second discriminating means for discriminating an output signal detected from the second sensor; a determination control section that determines an abnormal state such as lack of lubricating oil or contamination of foreign matter in the bearing based on the determination outputs obtained from the first and second determining means, and controls the lubricating oil supply/discharge device; The abnormal state is corrected by opening and closing the on-off valve of the lubricating oil supply and discharging device, and replacing the lubricating oil in the bearing while monitoring the condition of the lubricating oil supplied and discharged. It features an abnormality monitoring device that automatically repairs the condition. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are a basic configuration diagram and an overall block diagram showing an embodiment of an abnormality monitoring device according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a bearing as an object to be inspected that is incorporated into a machine such as a rotating body, and this bearing 1 has a plurality of rolling elements 1c housed in an area surrounded by an outer ring 1a and an inner ring 1b. . An injection pipe 2 is connected to the upper part of the outer ring 1a for injecting lubricating oil (hereinafter referred to as grease) into the inside, and a discharge pipe 3 for discharging grease is connected to the lower part of the injection pipe 2. . At predetermined locations on each of the injection pipe 2 and the discharge pipe 3, on-off valves 4 and 5 are provided which are automatically opened and closed in response to control signals respectively sent from an arithmetic and control section to be described later. 6 is a vibration meter as a sensor fixed to the outer ring 1a of the bearing 1, and 7 is an abnormality detector fixed to the discharge pipe 3 and consisting of a metal detector for detecting foreign matter mixed in the discharged grease. 8 discriminates the signals detected by each of the vibrometers 6 and the foreign object detector 7, and outputs a predetermined control signal based on the discriminated signals to control the on-off valves 4 and 5 or to display an alarm. This is an arithmetic control unit designed to perform the following operations. In addition, in the figure, the arrow indicates the moving direction of the grease.

FIG. 2 shows the details of the arithmetic and control unit 8, in which 10 is an amplifier that amplifies the vibration output of the vibration meter 6, 11 is a memory circuit that stores the normal value of the vibration output waveform, and 12 is the vibration output. This shock waveform extraction circuit extracts a characteristic waveform from a waveform and is composed of, for example, a bandpass filter. 13 is a comparator, 14
15 is an amplifier for amplifying the signal of the foreign object detector 7; 15 is a comparator; 16 is a determination unit that determines the presence or absence of an abnormality based on the output signals obtained from each of the comparators 13 and 15 and determines a treatment for the abnormality; This is a control section that controls an external device using a signal output from the determination section 16, and is configured to turn on and off the alarm display section 18 and the on-off valves 4 and 5 shown in FIG. 1, for example.

FIG. 3 shows the vibration meter 6 amplified by the amplifier 10.
The output signal waveforms 20 and 22 are normal vibration waveforms, and 21 and 23 are shock waveforms a~c,a'~ that occur periodically or aperiodically during initial abnormality.
Abnormal vibration waveforms including c', 26, indicate terminal abnormal vibration waveforms having a higher level than normal vibration waveforms obtained at terminal abnormalities. 27, 28 and 29 are comparator 1 obtained when an abnormality occurs.
3 shows the output waveform of comparator 1, and L ₁ in the figure is comparator 1.
3 discrimination level is shown.

FIG. 4 shows the output signal waveform of the foreign object detector 7 amplified by the amplifier 14, 24 is the signal waveform when no foreign object is mixed in the discharged grease, and 25 is the signal waveform when the discharged grease is mixed with foreign matter. The signal waveforms are shown respectively. 30 shows the output signal waveform of the comparator 15 when a foreign object is detected, and in the figure, L ₂ is the discrimination level of the comparator 15. In addition, in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, t ₁ to _{t 5} indicate different times, and t ₁ → t ₂ → t ₃ → t ₄ →
It shows that time advances in the order of _t5 .

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be explained. here,
For convenience of explanation, we will limit the abnormal phenomena to three types: (a) oil shortage, (b) abnormal mixture, and (c) scratches (scratches on inner and outer rings and rolling elements).

First, when the bearing 1 is operating normally, the vibration waveform 20 shown in FIG. 3 is obtained from the vibration meter 6, and the memory circuit 11 shown in FIG. Figure discrimination level L ₁
remember. Here, when some abnormal phenomenon occurs in the bearing 1, the vibration output waveform including shock waveforms a to c that change periodically or non-periodically as shown at 21 in FIG. detected. When this vibration waveform 21 is input to the shock waveform extraction circuit 12 via the amplifier 10, this extraction circuit 12 extracts shock waveforms a to c of the waveform 21.
is extracted and sent to the comparator 13. The comparator 13 outputs the waveform 27 shown in FIG. 3 when the input shock waveforms a to c become larger than the discrimination level _L1 given from the memory circuit 11, and the determination unit 16 converts the signal waveform obtained from the comparator 13 into a certain one. It counts for a certain period of time, and when the counted number exceeds a certain value, it sends a signal to the control section 17, and the control section 1
7 monitors the vibration of the bearing 1 by opening the on-off valves 4 and 5 while the bearing 1 is in operation, injecting a certain amount of grease, and then closing the on-off valves 4 and 5. However, if foreign matter is mixed into the discharged grease when discharging the grease, the output of the foreign matter detector 7 will be
The signal becomes like 25 in the figure, and the comparator 15
comparator 15 when the discrimination level _L2 is exceeded.
outputs the waveform 30 shown in FIG. At this time,
The determination unit 16 sends a signal to the control unit 17 to open the on-off valves 4 and 5 until the signal of the waveform 25 becomes low, that is, until the time T ₁ shown in the above 25.
The abnormality is discharged from the bearing 1 along with the grease. Therefore, after this operation is completed, the bearing 1 is further monitored while operating, and if the vibration waveform from the vibration meter 6 becomes as shown at 22 in FIG. 3 and the output of the comparator 13 disappears, the bearing 1 is in a normal state. It means he has returned. In the above grease injection and discharge operations, if the output of the foreign object detector 7 is waveform 24 in FIG. If a waveform like that shown in 25 in the figure is generated, the cause of the abnormality is foreign matter. Therefore, by performing the grease injection and draining operations as described above until the waveform shown in 24 in Figure 4 is generated, the abnormal state can be corrected. Can be repaired automatically. In addition, if the output waveform of the foreign object detector 7 is in the state shown in 24 in FIG. 4 after the grease is injected and discharged, and the output waveform 23 as shown in FIG. 3 is obtained from the vibration meter 6, the output waveform 23 shock waveforms
Since a' to c' are _higher than the discrimination level L1 of the memory circuit 11, the comparator 13 outputs the output waveform 28 shown in FIG. It is determined that this has occurred, and the alarm display section 18 is operated through the control section 17.
As a result, the alarm display section 18 displays the waveform 23.
While this is occurring, workers should make planned stoppages, i.e., workers should prepare the schedule for bearing replacement parts, etc., and if a shock waveform with a high level occurs continuously as shown in vibration waveform 26 in Figure 3, priority should be given to An emergency stop can be activated electrically or mechanically to stop the bearing from being used.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the monitoring and repair of abnormal phenomena such as oil shortage, foreign matter contamination, and scratches was explained, but abnormalities due to deterioration of lubricating oil are also explained
By using an oil turbidity meter, insulation meter, etc. at the same location as the foreign object detector, it is also possible to monitor oil deterioration.
Also, instead of a vibration meter, an accelerometer, an acoustic emission (AE) sensor, a thermometer,
A stress (strain) meter or the like may also be used. moreover,
It is clear that it is possible to classify the cause of the abnormality (out of oil, foreign matter, scratches, oil deterioration, etc.) in order to perform automatic repair operations. Furthermore, although the above example shows the case of a single bearing as the object to be inspected, it is also possible to centrally manage multiple objects, or to automatically stop the bearing operation in an emergency or planned manner along with an alarm display. can.

As described above, according to the present invention, the state of vibration or sound accompanying the operation of the bearing is detected, and the state of the lubricating oil discharged from among the lubricating oil supplied to and discharged from the bearing is detected, Since an abnormality in the bearing is identified by distinguishing each of these detected signals, the abnormality can be constantly monitored, and when an abnormality occurs, automatic repair and alarm display can be performed. Therefore, automatic inspection is possible without the need for periodic inspection by an operator as in the past, and abnormal conditions can be quantitatively measured, resulting in a highly accurate automated device.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are a basic configuration diagram and an overall block diagram showing an embodiment of the bearing abnormality monitoring device according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show the main parts used for its operation. FIG. 3 is a signal output waveform diagram. 1...bearing, 2...injection pipe, 3...discharge pipe,
4, 5... Opening/closing valve, 6... Vibration meter, 7... Foreign object detector, 8... Arithmetic control unit, 10, 14... Amplifier, 11... Memory circuit, 12... Shock waveform extraction circuit, 13 , 15... Comparator, 16... Judgment section, 17... Control section, 18... Alarm display section.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. One or more first sensors that electrically detect conditions such as vibration or sound accompanying the operation of a rolling bearing or sliding bearing incorporated in a machine such as a rotating body. a lubricating oil supply/discharge device provided to supply and discharge lubricating oil to the bearing by controlling an on-off valve via a communication pipe communicated with the bearing; a plurality of second sensors, a first discrimination means for extracting and discriminating a characteristic waveform from an output signal detected by the first sensor, and a second discrimination means for discriminating the output signal detected from the second sensor. Discrimination means;
a determination control unit that determines an abnormal state such as lack of lubricating oil or contamination of foreign matter in the bearing from the determination outputs obtained from the first and second determining means, and controls the lubricating oil supply/discharge device; The control unit opens and closes the on-off valve of the lubricating oil supply and discharge device, and
An abnormality monitoring device for a bearing, characterized in that an abnormal state is automatically restored to a normal state by replacing the lubricating oil in the bearing while supplying and discharging lubricating oil and monitoring the state of the lubricating oil being discharged. . 2. The bearing abnormality monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the determination control section displays an alarm when an abnormality that cannot be automatically repaired occurs.