JPS6143756A - Electrostatic latent image developer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To execute sharp copying on plain paper as well with one-component development by dispersing and incorporating pulverous ferromagnetic powder and silica as an essential component into a resin thereby forming an insulating toner for developing an electrostatic latent image having a specific value or above of specific resistivity. CONSTITUTION:The insulating toner for developing the electrostatic latent image having >=10<14>OMEGA.cm specific resistivity is obtd. by incorporating the pulverous fer romagnetic powder and silica as the essential component into the resin. Magnetite is most preferable as the ferromagntic material and various kinds of ferrite, cobalt, nickel, etc. are also usable in combination with the resin. A mixture composed of 1 or >=2 kinds among ethylene, acryl, vinyl, epoxy, etc. is used for the resin. The silica is incorporated into the resin preferably at 0.1-0.7wt% by the weight of the intermediate for developer mateial although the ratio varies with the kind of the resin and ferromagnetic powder to be used. The formation of the sharp copy image on the plain paper as well is thus made possible while the advantages of the one-component developer are maintained.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Is there any industrial use? H Akira Kinie describes a method of developing a charge f↑ that is generally used in a device that uses an insulating component developer containing only toner as a main component and containing no carrier particles. As a thick method, methods such as magnetism=4 brush i removal, 5-1'' method, or liquid development iJ are known. Each of these methods is an excellent (11) Z method that is mainly used for printing, but on the other hand, it has two components: fatigue and fluctuations in the mixture of carrier and toner. Identify common shortcomings.

This 1. :J(However, one-component development abrasions that contain only toner as the main component and do not contain carrier particles are essentially free from the above-mentioned drawbacks. However, each of these methods has new problems to overcome, and only a few have been put into practical use. ) The MagneDry method uses conductive and ferromagnetic toner.
Details thereof are disclosed in West German Published Patent Application No. 2,313.297. In this case, the same toner is used to develop positive and negative +i) charges 1↑ and 1;) +11
, +q is ``,'' but on the other hand, since the toner is conductive, it is electrically transferred onto the paper (1 is IT', ru'
&G's works have an extremely captivating quality. Turn V
Using 411251 paper improves the sharpness during positive electrostatic transfer, but it has drawbacks that were not found in old paper, such as the cost of the recording paper and the difficulty of incorporating aging with ink.

The object of the present invention is 1) to provide an IP-electronic iH image forming machine capable of forming a transferred image on oily paper in addition to the essential advantages of the above-mentioned image forming apparatus. It is in the second place.

That is, the present invention contains ferromagnetic fine powder and phosphoric acid as the main ingredients, and has a specific resistance value of 101 Ω・cm or more. D-electrode iH (%) from insulating toner particles
:The one-component developer polishing used in the present invention is one that contains only toner as the main component, does not contain A-Yaria proofing, and has @magnetic and excellent X★ properties. , and the current ('Fl
The electric charge required for this is roughly (7 times larger than J).

As the magnetic materials used for the present invention [9Mg], mag and totite are listed as 1'1. It has a total weight of 1t and is the most suitable for the purpose. Of course, coma 7, light, iron,
It can be used depending on the combination with fine powder of cobalt and nickel. There is no particular limit to the magnetism used, but as described below, Preface 11:!
'++; Determine the 4.7 property of the constant γr by ητ.

In addition, (3 + fat) should be determined by considering the magnetic f(s) used, the friction with the magnetic f(s), the electric property, the M a 77 method and temperament, the adhesion to magnetic materials, the ease of fixation by heat, etc. Selected stone 131 resin, acrylic + Jl 11
111, vinyl υ1 fat, engineering 4S Kin IJI + old, cellulose TJI fat, polyurethane IJI fat, etc. Appropriate ones can be used as a species, a mixture or a copolymer of two or more types.

B; For example, 1r, i
It is made by dispersing and containing ferromagnetic fine powder described in iQ.
Although it varies depending on the Jgl order of J1 fat and ferromagnetic fine powder, etc.
Most preferably 0.1 to 0.7% by weight based on the developed nlI intermediate that does not contain alcohol, as illustrated in Example #1.
It is.

Furthermore, if necessary, it is possible to add additives such as Charge II + Oyaku.

(・The one-component developer used in the invention is the above-mentioned magnetic sea lion and mouth 1.
From among the fats, a suitable 111 mixture is used and the 2Jt is processed into a known toner manufacturing method. - I can do it.

Made of toner 1; Bind υt? The method widely used by HQ and others71 is to heat the resin and pigment with two rolls and then crush them.
The spray drying method disclosed in iT No. 3.338.991 Mei 18H may also be used.

The component used in the present invention ('9. It is essential that the particle surface of the agent is substantially exposed to the surface of the magnetic particles.
-So if you win 52-zo 1, it's 1? $27,
It is essential that L', 41, and 67 exist. this! 2
', I'1. + of magnetic material and IM that is used as 1 history! Although it depends on the content of It TR1 and the magnetic material, it is formed to the extent of 1.1 in manufacturing. - In the dry loaf method, dispersion is better, and magnetic particles are better covered by the JI fat during spray drying. 6 of the magnetic particles (vLm due to fat improves. If the degree of surface exposure of the magnetic particles becomes excessive, the resistivity of the toner increases.
, and the amount of triboelectric charge of the toner particles becomes larger than 11, so care must be taken.

A method for manufacturing the toner described above is described in Publication No. 1, 7, published by the same applicant as the present applicant.

The process of forming an iI image on a dog using the present invention 1m14 up to development will be explained with reference to FIG.

11; Created by the method described in I, with a specific resistance of 101
A one-component developing material of Ω-011 or higher is stored in a hopper 1 as shown in Fig. 1, and a magnet group 2, which is installed at the bottom of the hopper opening and has magnetic holes arranged alternately, is placed inside the hopper 1. A sleeve-shaped rotating member 3 having a non-tin fl or l deformation
is rotated in the direction of the arrow 4 to hold the -component present waste on the rotating member 3 by magnetic force to form a layer of toner 5, and the toner layer 5 stands up on the rotating member 3 and rotates 4. ”)s1
711, the friction between the toner particles substantially causes
P, generates the necessary toner charge, and brings it into contact with the 17Il charge image support village 8 moving in the direction of the arrow 7 at the position of 100 G on the clay magnetic field to perform development.Of course, in this f+'j configuration, the toner No charge is introduced by applying a dedicated charging means, for example, corona discharge, to reduce the amount of charge.

By the above-mentioned method, photosensitive 1st, Se-polyvinylcarbazole JN or photosensitive 1;, came the 11p electrode 11 produced on the selenium photoreceptor (T, do,
- and so on.
A reproduction was obtained.

It is clear from Experiments 2 and 1 as described below that the method of forming the image according to the present invention is based on the interlayering of insulating and ferromagnetic toner particles themselves.

First, the ferromagnetic, 10-sided toner prepared in the above manner by containing ferromagnetic fine powder in the lubricant is transported through the developing device by magnetic force, and is charged negatively or impinged on a selenium plate. When we brought them into contact and performed the image 1↑, we were able to obtain a normal image in both cases.

Furthermore, when the polarity of the developed toner was confirmed by measurement, it was found that the polarity of the developed toner was negative and positive, respectively, and had a relationship with the one-bit image and the reverse polarity. Of course, all of the toners used were those with high resistivity of 10'4 Ω-C11 or more as described above, and the same applies to the toners to be used thereafter.

In addition, the current f1 cutting resistance of the present invention is measured using RfH village Ririnaru J1℃ surface plate 1゛i, thickness of g + q cutting made of acrylic 171N, i'J', '1' thickness 2; Using the
1. Tapping was performed about 10 times for every 23 volumes, and the sample was added almost uniformly until the thickness became an additional 5 m11 to compensate for the decrease in n caused by compression of the sample. After tapping again 10 times, ';RiTI
? Place iX pole on top and pressure IK1/e+*' voltage 100
Apply v and absorb enough? This was done when the IX current decreased and the measured current became essentially flat. In the end, try f1
The thickness of the layer was approximately 400 nm, and the measured lI47 opening was 15 to 30 minutes after voltage application.

When a negative electrostatic latent image is created on a zinc oxide photoreceptor and developed by slightly weakening the magnetic force of the main device, the latent image area is not only revealed (↑) but also along the latent image CG. A small area outside, that is, fIT where a Ti field in the opposite direction to the 1υ image area is generated.
It was observed that toner was attached to the area. In addition, when we measured the amount of charge of the developed toner, it was found that the true volume (cubic senna) ranged from 2X101 to 1.4X.
The values were for a 10-' clone. This value is slightly lower than or approximately the same as the amount of toner image produced by the friction between the carrier and toner in two-component development, and is 11
), the results of a cylindrical experiment show that, for example, the same υI 111
7 Is the obi obtained by stirring 7 I? 1Xfi is 10-9
RIAN/C11' and below'cjrr:, *R In the same situation as developing device 1'l, rub the zinc oxide photoreceptor that has not undergone corona kneeing with the toner layer on the developing device, Friction with zinc oxide photoreceptor 11! Charging uses toner whose toner image is negatively charged, and oxidation to increase the negative charge! After fully irradiating the toner with 1F lead to eliminate the excess charge, the electric charge was positive when the toner was measured. The developed toner is transferred to the back side of the photoreceptor using a magnet, and then transferred to the zinc oxide photoreceptor and I7: I! ! When charged, the toner again shows a negative value of 1 or more! From example a, we can see that in a group of toners there is a front polarity and a negative polarity, and their charges are not brought in from outside the toner layer, but are dominantly caused by the toner's mutual r7F! ! It is assumed that this was caused by. That is, when these toner particles are magnified to 10.000 f3 using an electron microscope and viewed, quantitative protrusions appear on the calibration surface. ! It is recognized that the size of the ferromagnetic particles corresponds to the size of the ferromagnetic characteristics contained in the particles, and the ferromagnetic fine powder substantially exposed on the surface of the toner particles is tJ (by rubbing y7 with the N part, the ferromagnetic fine powder part becomes negative, the side lll
The t part is a positively charged plate, and the surface of the toner particles is dotted with positively and negatively charged surfaces, but the combined result is that the toner particles appear to be positively charged and the toner particles appear to be negatively charged. It seems that there is only one thing that exists.

As mentioned above, the current production method related to the present invention is a mutual friction method using insulating ferromagnetic toner, and is different from the V, electro-development method using conductive toner, which retains g and charge and reproduces gradation images. This means that it is different from the polarization development method.

The following PL according to the present invention includes the ω1 factor and the transcription process.
ii) Implementation based on Figure 3, which shows the
State q.

Example-1 1jI Fat Picola Snack C-125 (Bennrubania Ingstral Chemical I [τ9) 10 parts Ferromagnetic powder Matotsu Black ()a Ambia Carbon Co., Ltd. 2) 60 parts Dyed! ," [Nigrosine 5Sr ((Orient Chemical) 2 parts to toluene 70%
Disperse the molten shellfish in the u-sl-Fj agent with 730 acetate and mix the β1 form with an amount of 60 weight and 5 in a magnetic ball mill at 32 o'clock. Il or several sets, the above-mentioned mixed melt resistance is further added,
The solid content was adjusted to 20% by weight and granulated by a rotating disk type spray drying method. (16J average diameter of about 10μ, maximum and minimum diameter of 3
Toner particles I with a diameter of 30 μm: 0.00 μm of silica (70 Engineering Nor 200 Nippon Aeronol Co., Ltd.) was added as an auxiliary agent to improve fluidity.
315i%In was added and installed in the hopper 1 in Fig. 1,
The sleeve 3 made of yellow ■ was rolled 1 ili 1 → ±, and the toner was pulled out from the hopper 1 while being held in the sleeve 3 by the magnetic force of the fixed magnet 2. The thickness of toner 5 on the sleeve is l
It was set as l111. Sleeves 3 and 1, lower end 9 of collar 1
The toner thickness is determined by the gap between the two and the two. The current F main fixing has a magnetic powder density of 9 on the sleeve 3 of 106.
oozy'ance, and the gap between the current f↑ part 1 and 1'l'', + photosensitive 11\3, and the leave 3 was set to 1.11#Il.In Figure 2, I; is indicated by the symbol 10. In the 21st/l device, the drum 11.12J
A belt 13 is stretched over the belt, and a zinc oxide sensor 1 is placed on the belt. :17 Denki 15 and 尤°T ノ) Move l'l゛ in the direction of arrow 16 11!
After completing one image, the drum 11 was rotated in the direction of arrow 113n and the sleeve 3 was rotated in the direction of arrow 4.Meanwhile!
2: Place Gotsu I8 on the photo paper tray 17 and oxidize! [l!
The paper feed rollers 19 and 20 are rotated in synchronization with the movement of the lead-sensitive photosensitive member 14, and the shuttle paper 18 is fed along the paper feed guide plate 21. Transfer of 51 lid bars was carried out to ensure close contact with the photoreceptor 14. The paper 18 having a set diameter was separated by a separating head 23, and then thermally fixed by a fixing device 24 to form a final image (7. The statue is 4 years old and has no charm, so it's J-ton.

Implementation Question 1-2 1j1 Fat Tic C-125 with Bifura (Benrunnia Inkstral Chemical Co., Ltd.) 40 parts Ferromagnetic powder Mabikoburanoku (Columbia Carbon (1 month, 60 parts dyed fJ) Nigrosin S
S[1 (orientated diγ) 2nd part is Example-1
The melting method 1 was changed to the same ti.

■10 parts of ethyl alcohol/Tsukuroethane! ](Hl
,,! : ■ Two types of mixed a solvents, 7 Chirselunlub/acetic acid enal 9Jli, were tested.

The manufacturing conditions were the same as those in Example 1fl-1 (+!, t2.

0.3 ffl2% silica (aloenor 200 units 70 units 1 volume) was added to the toner of Ott I'r to obtain the toner of the Kibu S example.

When an image was formed using these toners in two positions (as in Example 1), a sharp transferred image was obtained (:1 position).

Example-3 υ4II! 2 pico) +004 (Mitsubishi Oil & Chemicals) 40
Part ferromagnetic powder Mabiko Buranoku F3L, 500 (manufactured by Titanium Kogyo) 60 parts! Ma, 1 Nigrosine 5S8 (orientation C;', Rii)
Part 1.5 “r’l!nq
D, O, P
Mix 31J with pressurized knee gun for 1 minute t1! It was meat. After cooling, the mixture was ground to +11, and then transferred to a Noenotomill and finely ground.

Spray the powdered toner described in 1) onto the dog using the air cleaner/spool into the spray drum/F key, and heat to 250°C.
The toner was instantly processed using the λ wind.

The toner of Nia T et al. was classified to an average particle size of 10 μm using a tsukuzaku classification machine. Silica (R-972
When 0.296 parts of 0A (manufactured by Aloe Norte 1) was added and developed and transferred using the 2i7i of Example 1, a consistent gradation image (J) was obtained.

Example-4 IjI fat Epicoat 100/I (manufactured by Mitsubishi Yuka)
50 parts ferromagnetic powder Mabico Black D L-500 (
Titanium Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 50 parts Dye 1 to Nigrosine 5SB (Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1.5 parts Plasticizer D, O, P 3 parts The χ method was the same as in Example-5. When 0.2[ν] of Nrih((:<9720 pieces of 70Nol Co., Ltd.) was added to a toner with an average particle size of 1Oμ, and the image was developed and transferred using the apparatus of Example 1, a sharp gradation image was obtained. 1).

Ten1iA5 Lee-5 ("(fat) tyrene (70 mol 96)/butyl methacrylate (30 mol%) No. 1; Engineering 8-u (fat 50 parts ferromagnetic powder Mabifupranoku D L-500 (Titan Kogyo
) 50 parts Dye Oil Black So
Z part Pigment 1.5 parts of carbon N1Δ-100 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei) was ground and dispersed in a funnel mixer, and thoroughly mixed and kneaded on two heated bowls. After cooling, this was crushed in an oven and further finely crushed in a hammer mill. The dog was sprayed with the toner in a spray dryer using an air toner, and was instantly blown with hot air at a temperature of 270°C.
I,? processed. Furthermore, the toner particles with an average particle size of approximately 10μ were obtained by using a sliver of silica (R-
9720 pieces of Aloenor Co., Ltd. tJ1) were added to form a transferred image on plain paper in the same manner as in Example 1. I got it.

Example-6 0 (fat) Copolymer resin of styrene (90 mol%)/noethyl amide/ethyl methacrylate (10 mol%) 50 parts Ferromagnetic powder Matotsu Black BL-500 50 parts Pigment Carbon M
A-82 parts were mixed and melted using a directly pressurized knife without pre-combining (Q), then cooled and crushed, and blown into a spray dryer with an air jet/mixture at 250°C.
It was spheroidized with hot air at °C. After obtaining a toner with an average particle size of 10 μm by a toner classification method, silica (rl-972 manufactured by Japan 70 Konoru Co., Ltd.) was added as a fluidity aid to 0.00 μm.
When 2 parts and 2% were added and development and transfer were performed in the same manner as in the previous example, a sharp Pa tone image was obtained ().

Example-7 40g of copolymer of tj(l1lj After loosening and pulverizing, the silica (manufactured by M-5 Cabo7to Co., Ltd.) was blown into a spray dryer using an air nozzle and heated with hot air at 180°C to form a sphere.
6 added and classified by tsukuzak (minimum maximum 4μ to 30μ at Shigeru)
An average of lOμ of toner (a.

Next, transcription was performed using the apparatus shown in Figure 2.

However, the photoreceptor 14 is Se/PV instead of the zinc oxide photoreceptor.
K Kaikai Kanjo 1, Honkanko was there. Further, for charging 015, a scorotron with a grid stretched thereon was used to adjust the charging position 4 of the photoreceptor. In addition, the aperture between the sleeve 3 of the developing device and the S c / PV K photoreceptor passing along the drums 1 and 16 is 1.
．． The length of the magnet was changed to 25 mm, and the position of the magnetic field was set slightly tilted toward the rotational force direction of the sleeve 3 compared to that of the zinc oxide photoreceptor. The surface area is the same as in the case of the acid photoreceptor.The developed image obtained under these conditions is strongly influenced by the phase!+friction feature, and the latent image area is There is also a little bit of toner on the FyJ green reverse voltage generating part. i jL dl
It was safe. Se/['VK/! ! Since I is negatively charged, the toner attached to the iD image area is positive,
The toner adhering to the outer periphery is negative. This image was transferred onto the paper by the transfer device 22 (minus discharge), but since only the correct toner was transferred during the transfer, an excellent 1t21 tone image was obtained. Also, the sharpness of the transfer C is extremely good, which is similar to that of a Jr.

As stated above, the developer of the present invention is particularly effective due to mutual friction. In a developing method that performs electrostatic development, electrostatic development, and electrostatic transfer onto plain paper, it has the advantages of -component development while creating a sharp image on permeable paper.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a front view of the developing device, and No. 2rXJ is a front view of the copying device. 1 is the hopper 3 is the sleeve 2 is the fixed magnet
5 is the toner 6 is a fixed magnet for development; 15' is the optical slit 8 is the photoreceptor; 18 is the viewing paper 10 is the developer 1i1
19.2G is a paper feed loaf 11.12 is a drum 22 is a busy electrode 14 is a zinc oxide photoreceptor
23 is 't> separate herad 15 is a charger
Z and l are fuser applicant Roku Konishi Photography Etai Shiki Co., Ltd. Figure 1 Fang 2WJ 7'-/72577

Claims (1)

[Claims] Contains resin, ferromagnetic fine powder dispersed in the resin, and silica as main components, and has a resistance of 10^1^4Ω・c.
An electrostatic latent image developer consisting essentially of insulating toner particles having a specific resistance value of m or more.