JPS6139456B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a modular building frame structure, particularly for load-bearing one-story buildings of light construction, the framework of which has vertical supports and optionally overhangs. consisting of a combination of essentially horizontal beams, each member of which frame structure is dimensionally matched at least in plan, and preferably a single foundation module representing the modular spacing between the beams ( ) is assembled into a framework based on

The building industry and the desire to eliminate the seasonality of construction work has prompted the development of so-called industrialized building techniques in recent decades. The essence of these industrial construction technology methods is to prefabricate structural elements to the maximum extent possible under various industrial conditions in specialized factories while increasing precision and productivity as much as possible. This minimizes the work that must be done on site, which in practice is reduced to the selection of various fully finished building elements.

These industrialized "fabricated" construction methods include so-called heavy structure construction methods, light construction construction methods, and so-called "simplified construction methods" which are classified as intermediate between the two. Lightweight construction is often synonymous with frame construction, which means that the load-bearing structure is made of metal.
This means that many are made of steel.

Although metal structures have a relatively low dead weight relative to their supporting capacity, this advantage is often offset by their significantly higher cost than that of concrete structures. Moreover, various rust prevention and fire prevention measures must be taken. For these reasons, the only justification for adopting lightweight structural metal frame construction is the savings in construction time and ease of site operations.

A basic requirement for lightweight structural building frames of metal is that they must be able to be constructed from a small number of, as far as possible identical, elements, and that these elements must be able to be easily joined together. Standardization of frame structures and industrialization of building technology require that joints be formed in a uniform manner.

In conventional metal structures for building frames, it has not been possible to reduce the number of sections or to connect them in a unified (same) manner. Known building systems use a wide variety of support types worldwide as elements of frame structures. Naturally, therefore, connecting structures of various characteristics must be employed to connect individual support beams or different types of support beams. The frame structure itself has extremely diverse connections, so much-needed unification was not possible.

Although partial unification has been proposed in the past,
It only satisfies one or two of the requirements of a variety of architectural structures, and to that extent it is a so-called “dedicated structure.”
(objective structure) is simply provided. This means that it is not possible to meet all requirements for buildings with special uses or purposes different from the original design.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a modular frame for a building structure that can be used to construct the upper floor of a one-story building or a multi-story building, particularly a public multi-story building that is to be constructed using a lightweight construction method.

Another object of the invention is to make it possible to realize so-called prefabricated or prefabricated buildings in a universal structure from structural elements that are simple and easy to produce, assemble and replace, and that have a unified connection system.

A further object of the invention is to form both the structural element and the connecting element on the basis of a single modular dimension,
In this way, the objective is to satisfy the need for dimensional matching of the overall structure and for on-site assembly to be accomplished with a minimum of effort.

The present invention provides for the construction of structures on the basis of basic types of supports or beams which are multiples of the basic elements or basic units and which can satisfy the various requirements for span and load bearing both in terms of statics and stability. It is based on the recognition that it is only by unifying structures that the various demands arising from the functions of structures can be satisfied during construction.

In order to increase the load-bearing capacity by increasing the number of basic units on the "additional" principle, it is simplest and most suitable to use cold-formed C-shaped steel (rarely U-shaped steel). A double support (assembly support) can be created by juxtaposing one profile with another similar profile, while a single-chord Vielendael beam can be created by stacking similar profiles one above the other. Alternatively, in some cases, the double supports described above may be stacked one on top of the other to form a double (chord) Vielendael beam. This is because by using the same basic shape, all the connections can be made the same way.

In addition, a Vielendel beam refers to a strip beam that does not include diagonal members and is assembled using rigid joints using vertical members.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a lattice frame is constructed by a master beam extending substantially horizontally and an auxiliary beam extending substantially horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the master beam and not in the same plane as the master beam. The main beam and the auxiliary beam are composed of beam elements formed from the same substantially C-shaped or U-shaped material, and the main beams correspond to the length of the basic module with their backs facing each other. It is composed of at least two parallel beam elements separated from each other by a predetermined distance, a vertical column supporting the lattice frame is fixed between the beam elements of the main beam, and the auxiliary beam is composed of one single beam element. It is constructed as a beam or as a single string Vielendel beam consisting of two parallel beam elements connected vertically apart from each other via a vertical member, and the beam elements have a regular pattern related to the length of the basic module. A plurality of holes arranged at regular intervals are formed, and the connection between each beam element and the connection between the main beam and the auxiliary beam are performed by aligning these holes and passing the tightening member. A modular frame structure for lightweight structures is provided.

The master beams can be arranged in vertically spaced parallel pairs to form a two-string Vierendael beam, or can be connected to a single auxiliary beam, or can also be vertically spaced and aligned. It is sandwiched between pairs of auxiliary beams connected to each other. Each auxiliary beam is constituted by a single (single chord) Vielendael beam formed by one or more beam elements of the C-shaped or U-shaped beam elements mentioned above, and is connected to the main beam. Ru.

The holes formed in all beam elements are arranged with regular spacing related to the module length.

The connection between the two-string Vielendael beam, the auxiliary beam, the main beam, and the auxiliary beam is made by an upright member with a C-shaped or U-shaped hole extending perpendicular to the main beam, and by passing a tightening member through the hole. It will be done.

Preferably the struts are connected to the main beam in one of the following ways. That is, it is fixedly supported in both main directions on the ground surface, or rotatably supported in both main directions on the ground surface, or fixedly supported in one main direction and rotatable in the other main direction. supported. In this case, the support main body is constituted by a closed tube with a substantially O-shaped cross section formed by an I-shaped member or a C-shaped or U-shaped member with their concave portions facing each other.

The auxiliary beam may be a C-shaped or U-shaped beam for small spans, while it may be constructed as a single-chord Vielendel beam for wide spans. For narrow spans, the main beam is preferably of double construction, consisting of two beam elements back to back, and for wide spans, it is preferably constructed as a two-string Vielendael beam, in which case the upright members mentioned above Alternatively, the "partition wall material" is constituted by a closed cross-section (approximately C-shaped) member made of C-shaped or U-shaped members with their open sides facing each other.

The auxiliary beam is preferably connected to the main beam by C-shaped or U-shaped upright members or bulkheads. When the main beam is constructed as a two-chord Vielendael beam, the top of the column serves as an upright or bulkhead with a row of holes preferably formed as a C- or U-shaped Vielendael beam.

The longitudinal dimensions of the web (g), side leg (t), flange or edge (p) of the C-section forming the basic unit of the beam element are preferably obtained by dividing the module length of the beam by an integer. is an integer multiple of the micromodule (). C-shaped web forming the beam element (g), side legs (t),
and the longitudinal dimensions of the flange (p) are preferably set in a predetermined relationship.

According to a preferred embodiment, the spacing (e _x , e _y ) of the individual holes of the hole row provided for the connecting element is equal to the micromodule ( ) is an integer multiple of In the direction y perpendicular to the longitudinal axis direction x of the horizontal C-shaped member, the shortest hole spacing y ₀ is 1/2 of the minimum hole spacing e _x in the longitudinal axis direction x. The horizontal C-section is preferably cut along the midline of the x-direction hole spacing e _x , so that the length of the C-section itself is an integral multiple of the micromodule () and thus of the basic module (). .

The holes formed in the web g and the side legs t of the septum material are located at a distance of at least 1 micromodule from the line of intersection of the outer surfaces of the web g and the side legs t.

The dimensions and configuration of the C section configured as a single string Vielendael beam and constituting the chord of the wide span auxiliary beam are the same as the dimensions and configuration of the C section configured as a single support constituting the narrow span auxiliary beam. Corresponds to the composition. The dimensions and configuration of the C-shaped member configured as a two-string Vielendael beam and constituting the string of the wide-span main beam are the same as the dimensions and configuration of the C-shaped beam configured as a double support and constituting the narrow-span main beam. Corresponding.

When the roof is not horizontal, the main and auxiliary beams are arranged in the same way as for horizontal roofs, but in this case the slope of the roof is provided by upright members (partitions) of different heights.

The modular or general purpose building frame structure of the present invention has various advantages. In many cases, this can be done by simply selecting the basic support members, i.e. by arranging the basic sections in double layers or even quadruple layers vertically or horizontally, while ensuring the actual required full load-bearing capacity. This results from the fact that a complete architectural frame can be assembled from a single basic member to meet a variety of functional requirements.

The building frame of the invention is equally applicable to horizontal and slightly sloped roofs. It is also possible to form structures with skylights on the roof.

In this case, the skylight is formed by suspending the roof plane at least every second field below the lower chord of the Vielendael-shaped main beam. The structure of this skylight will be explained in detail later with reference to the drawings.

The parts of the building frame can be assembled on site with foundation members (beam elements) forming the basic unit, even if they are constructed as Vielendel beams. It goes without saying that it is also possible to pre-assemble the frame structure with the columns and the master beams connected thereto, so that the entire assembly can be lifted to a predetermined location in one operation. It is also possible to employ high-efficiency assembly techniques such as the "lift-slab" method.

It may be pointed out that one of the outstanding properties of the universal building frame structure according to the invention is its ease of transportation. This is evident from the fact that even the largest span two-string Vielendael main beam can be transported to the site in units if necessary. Both the beam elements and their connecting elements are pre-drilled with a series of holes, so that the on-site work is simply assembling the ready-made elements, inserting and tightening the bolts, and the assembly work is simple. It's extremely easy.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The frame structure according to the present invention basically consists of the first to
It is composed of four types of beam structures shown in Figure 4. Figures 1 and 2 show two forms of the auxiliary beam (support). Figure 1 shows an auxiliary beam consisting of a single C-shaped beam element E, and Figure 2 shows a single-chord Vielendael beam structure. The auxiliary burrs 3 with which they are shown are shown. As shown in the figure, the single-chord Vielendael beam is made up of two horizontal beam elements E fixed at a predetermined distance by a vertical member 6. Figures 3 and 4 show two forms of the main beam (support body), and Figure 3 shows the support column O.
Fig. 4 shows a main beam 2 with a double structure in which a pair of C-shaped beam elements E are arranged with their backs facing each other, and Fig. 4 shows a two-string Vierendael beam structure. parent with 4
This corresponds to the single-string Vielendael beam 3 shown in FIG. 2 formed on the left and right sides with an upright member 7 in between.

Fig. 5 shows a frame structure with a substantially O-shaped cross section (closed cross section) in which two C-shaped beam elements E are joined with their concave portions (openings) facing each other, and for example constitute a column O as described later. It can be used for.

Figure 6 shows the main beam 4 of the two-string Vielendael beam structure shown in Figure 4 and the first auxiliary beam 1 shown in Figure 1.
7 shows a frame structure in which an auxiliary beam 3 of a single-string Vielendael beam structure as shown in FIG. 2 is connected to a main beam 2 of a double structure as shown in FIG. 3. .

An example of a frame structure of a building structure using the above basic beam structure is shown in FIG. 8 and below.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the beam assembly consisting of horizontal supports is constituted by a main beam F and an auxiliary beam M. In the embodiment shown in FIG. The main beam (support) F for short spans is designed as a double C profile 2 (FIG. 3).

The auxiliary beam (support) M also consists of two identical C-shaped beams E, but since they are placed one above the other with the main beam F in between, the overall structure resembles a single-chord Vielendael beam (Fig. 2) 3. Form. Since the span of the auxiliary beam M is large, the two beam elements E acting as the basic unit must be doubled as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the case of a short span auxiliary beam M, it can be constructed from a single C-shaped beam 1 as shown in FIG. 1 (FIG. 11).

The single-chord Vielendael beams 3 constituting the auxiliary beam M are connected at appropriate locations by upright members or bulkhead plates 6. These upright members or partition plates 6 are also preferably formed from sections of C-shaped cross section and constitute the supports of the single-chord Vielendel beam 3. The master beam F is connected to the support column O in such a way that the double beams 2 constituting the master beam F sandwich the support column O between individual units when viewed from a plan view.

The cross-sectional profile of each strut O is that it is a double beam 2
Any shape may be used as long as it fits between the individual beam elements of the main beam F configured as a main beam F and allows a connection to be formed between the support column O and the main beam F. For example, the cross-section of the column O may be I-shaped, but it can also be a closed tubular box-shaped bulge obtained, for example, by welding C-shaped or U-shaped members with their open sides facing each other. (Fig. 5) is also preferable.

FIG. 9 shows a plan view of a frame structure in which the auxiliary beam M has a small span and therefore consists of a single C-shaped beam 1 (FIG. 1). Therefore, the upright members (partition plates) for the auxiliary beam M are not shown in FIG. Here, the span of the main beam F is so large that the double beam 2 (Fig. 3) cannot support the load, and it has to be doubled to form two (double) Vielendael beams 4. . The main beam F thus constructed as a two-string Vielendael beam 4 (Fig. 4) is preferably constructed as a closed tube (Fig. 5) formed from two C-shaped members with their open sides facing each other. They are held together and dimensionally aligned by constructed upright members or partition plates 7.

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lightweight frame structure shown in FIG. 8. As is clear from Fig. 10, the main beam F is configured as a double C-shaped beam 2 (Fig. 3), while the auxiliary beam M is configured as a single string Vielendael beam 3 (Fig. 2). . The upright member 6 for aligning the unit members of the auxiliary beam M is gradually raised in height from left to right. By varying the height in this way, the necessary slope can be given to the roof plate T. Therefore, the frame structure of the present invention can be applied not only to buildings with flat roofs but also to roofs with gentle slopes. As is clear from FIG. 10, the auxiliary beam M at the end also acts as a horizontally projecting edge (for example, a cornice) running along the longitudinal edge of the roof, a so-called cornice. Furthermore, the tops of the struts O protrude between the individual beam elements E of the main beam F, which is constructed as a double beam 2.

FIG. 11 shows a part of the cross section of the structure shown in FIG. Here, the beam F is constructed as a two-string Vielendael beam 4 (Fig. 4). The upright members 7 aligning the beam elements E of the two-string Vielendael beam 4 are oriented C facing each other in the manner shown in FIG.
It has a closed cross section formed by a section. Here, the roof plate T is flat, so that the auxiliary beam M, which is configured as a single-chord Vielendel beam 3 (FIG. 2), is of constant height. The main beam F and the auxiliary beam M are likewise fixed to each other by an upright member (diaphragm) D (corresponding to the upright member 6 in FIG. 2), preferably of C-shaped cross section.

FIG. 12 shows the second part of the roof structure according to the invention.
It is shown that a hall structure with a skylight can be easily constructed by increasing the height of each field, ie the second column space. As is clear from FIG. 12, the struts O protrude between the beam elements of the two-string Vierendael beam 4. By projecting the unit of the two-string Vierendael beam 4 on this support O, a roof T' that is one step higher than the roof T, which approximately corresponds to the top of the support O, is formed, and a space W for a skylight can be formed. .

The top of the column O not only receives the load from the parent beam F, but also plays the role of an upright member, a so-called Vielendael column. That is, the unit materials of the main beam F, which is configured as the two-string Vielendael beam 4, are aligned. The main beam F and the column O are bolted together. Most preferably, the top of the column O is also made of a C-shaped member, and moreover, it is preferable that the C-shaped opening faces the main body or body of the column O.

The upright members D can also play various roles C
Preferably, it is constructed from a profile. The upright member D not only integrally connects the main beam F and the auxiliary beam M, but also provides slope to the roof and also serves as a reinforcement against bending of the main beam. If the auxiliary beam M is configured as a single-chord Vielendael beam 3 (FIG. 2), the upright member D (7) can also be replaced by a separate partition plate 6.

In general, both the main beam F and the auxiliary beam M can have a continuous beam structure, and by providing a pivot 5 inside, each beam unit material (beam element) can be moved independently and the frame shape can be changed. can. The pivot 5 is a joint member constructed as a pivot bearing or a hinged support member, as is known, and is used to support and connect beam elements having various cross sections. It is also possible to provide the main beam F or the auxiliary beam M with an end protrusion (overhang).

Although the base body is not shown in the drawing, it can be configured as desired. In addition, it is said that the support column O is rotatably supported in both main directions on the ground surface, or is fixed in both main directions, or furthermore, it is supported in one direction and fixed in the other direction. It can be connected to the base body in any desired manner.

FIG. 13 shows an enlarged cross-section of the basic unit (beam element) E of the C-shaped member forming the beam 1. The C-section consists of three characteristic parts: a web g, a side leg t connected thereto, and a flange p forming the protrusion of the side leg. As mentioned above,
By juxtaposing two C-shaped foundation sections horizontally,
A weighted beam 2 (FIG. 3) can be obtained, or by arranging the beam elements E one above the other a single string Vielendel beam 3 (FIG. 2) can be constructed, respectively. Further, by arranging two supports, that is, double beams 2 vertically in parallel, a two-string Vierendael beam 4 (FIG. 4) can be constructed.
In principle, it is desirable to construct the horizontal supports that form the beam structure of a building using the same C-shape, but for example, to reduce weight or to construct a false ceiling, various C-shapes can be used. It goes without saying that you may also use the .

The longitudinal dimensions h _g , h _t , h _p of the web, side legs, and flanges of the C-section are micromodules (e.g., = 2.5
cm) is preferably an integer multiple. In the light of experience, the web g, side leg t and flange p of the C-section
Preferably, a predetermined ratio is maintained between. _hg :
It has been confirmed that a cross section in which h _t :h _p is 8:3:1 is optimal. In terms of statics and stability, a cross section of h _g :h _t :h _p =6:3:1 is also preferred (for example h _p =2.5 cm, h _t =7.5 cm, h _g =20.0 cm or 15.0 cm).

The spacing of the frame structure, i.e. dimensions such as beam spacing, internal wall spacing between half-sections, and the distribution of upright members, etc., should also be integral multiples of the basic module or micromodule. The mutual spacing of the individual holes 8 constituting the hole array of the C-shaped section prefabricated in the factory and the distance from the end of the unit material are integral multiples of the micromodules derived from the basic module. As is clear from Figure 14,
The individual holes 8 are arranged both in the longitudinal direction x of the C-profile and also in the transverse direction y perpendicular thereto.

Experience has shown that the minimum spacing e _x of the holes 8 in the x direction should be twice the minimum spacing e _y in the y direction. (For example, e _x =10 cm, e _y =5.0 cm).
The holes forming the series of holes 8 are located in the web g and the side legs t.
There must be a distance of at least 1 micromodule from the line of intersection of the outer surfaces of the It is preferable to form the above-mentioned holes not only in the C-shaped members forming the horizontal beam, but also in the C-shaped members forming the upright members 6 and 7 and the upright member D. In this way, on-site assembly work can be significantly reduced, leaving only the work of inserting bolts into aligned holes and tightening them.

The structural support constituted by the first beam 1, the double beam 2, the single-string Vierendael beam 3, and the two-string Vielendael beam 4 and their auxiliary elements can be easily prefabricated and mass-produced in a factory. Most preferably, the C-section is a cold-formed sheet-metal section. Various welding methods, simple or tensioned bolt connections, metal bonding or soldering may be used to connect the various elements in the factory. The field connection method is always bolting. A high degree of automation of the work is possible because the properties of the shapes are uniform and the configuration of the joints is the same because it is a modular system configuration.

Since holes are formed in the C-shaped material according to the micromodules calculated from the basic module, the desired structure can be virtually created by simply cutting the beam-like supports and their connecting members to a predetermined size. You can "hand it over." The invention can be applied to other known construction systems since it allows for free dimension matching.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 4 show four unit structures of beam elements used in the present invention.
The figure shows a single beam, Fig. 2 shows a single string Vielendael beam, Fig. 3 shows a double beam, Fig. 4 shows a two string Vielendael beam, and Fig. 5 shows two beam elements joined together. The case where a closed cross-section support is constructed is shown.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a frame structure consisting of a main beam of a two-string Vierendael structure and an auxiliary beam of a single-beam structure, and Fig. 7 shows a main beam of a double-beam structure and a single-string Vielendael beam. Perspective view of a frame structure consisting of an auxiliary beam having a structure, No. 8
The figure is a plan view of the building frame in the case of a master beam with a small span, Figure 9 is a plan view similar to Figure 1 in the case of a master beam with a large span, and Figure 10 is a plan view taken along the - line in Figure 1. The cross-sectional view, Figure 11, is XI- in Figure 9.
Cross-sectional view taken along line XI, Figure 12 is XII-XII in Figure 9
13 is a cross-sectional view of a C-shaped member forming the beam structure basic unit of the structure.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the C-shaped member showing the hole. 1, 2, 3, 4... Beam, 5... Internal joint, 6... Upright member, 8... Hole, F... Main beam,
M...Auxiliary.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A lattice frame is formed by a main beam that extends substantially horizontally and an auxiliary beam that is not on the same plane as the main beam and extends substantially horizontally in a direction orthogonal to the main beam, and these main beams and auxiliary beams is composed of beam elements formed from the same substantially C-shaped or U-shaped sections, and the main beams are at least two beams separated from each other by a predetermined distance corresponding to the length of the basic module with their backs facing each other. The main beam is composed of parallel beam elements, and vertical columns supporting the lattice frame are fixed between the beam elements of the main beam, and the auxiliary beams are arranged as one single beam or separated vertically through vertical members. It is constructed as a single-chord Vielendael beam consisting of two parallel beam elements connected together. A modular frame for a lightweight structure, characterized in that holes are formed, and connection between each beam element and connection between a main beam and an auxiliary beam are performed by aligning these holes and passing a tightening member through. structure.