JPS6138164B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an agent for preventing phytotoxicity of plants. More specifically, when applying antibiotics to plants, one or more of flavonoids, reserpine, or carotene can be applied before, at the same time, or after the application of the antibiotic. It is a phytotoxicity preventive agent that significantly reduces or completely prevents phytotoxicity that occurs due to phytotoxicity, and improves the growth of plants. Antibiotics have long been used as pesticides. For example, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, which was developed as a pharmaceutical or veterinary drug,
Oxytetracycline, griseofulvin, etc. have been developed in the field of agrochemicals as agents for controlling plant-parasitic bacteria. In addition, cycloheximide, plasticidin S, kasugamycin, polyoxin, novobiocin, macrotetrolides (inactin,
Monactin, dinactin, trinactin, tetranactin, etc.), ezomycin, etc. Since the advent of these antibiotics that exhibit bactericidal and insecticidal and acaricidal properties, attention has been paid to their stable effects, and they have now come to be used in large quantities. These antibiotics generally have high selectivity and hardly develop resistance to the target pests, so the amount of application per unit area is small, and in addition, the drug substance does not have a medicinal odor, so it is difficult to use. It is advantageous over synthetic pesticides in many respects, such as no medicinal odor or residual odor on crops, and short residues on crops and soil. However, the disadvantages of these antibiotics are that
When applied to plants, it may cause physiological disorders such as chlorosis symptoms or malformation symptoms in various plants. Antibiotics that cause such physiological disturbances naturally cause a decrease in the yield of agricultural crops, a decline in the quality of the crops, and even cause the plants to wither. Therefore, antibiotics that often cause physiological disorders to plants are subject to restrictions in their use, and in some cases may not be used as pesticidal agents. For example, cycloheximide, which is effective against many plant pathogenic bacteria, causes strong phytotoxicity even when used at low concentrations, so the range of application of the drug is limited to larch and alliums, and the application concentration is also restricted to low concentrations. . In addition, in the case of Blasticidin S agent, a fungicide targeted at rice has been put into practical use by combining it with benzylaminobenzenesulfonate, but this agent also has a high concentration of application to rice. Or, if applied too many times, yellowish-white chemical damage will occur. Furthermore, it is well known that it causes phytotoxicity to many plants including crops of the Solanaceae family, which are crops other than rice. In addition to the above, antibiotics such as streptomycin, kasugamycin, and agrimycin (a mixed preparation of oxytetracycline and strepremycin as active ingredients) have not been reported to cause chemical damage depending on the type of plant, the timing of application, or the number of applications. ing. As mentioned above, it is well known that many antibiotics cause phytotoxicity to plants, but there are very few drugs that can reduce or completely prevent such phytotoxicity, and the following two cases have been reported. It's just that. Example 1 Addition of 1% chlorophyllin to the antibiotics aureomycin, streptomycin, and terramycin, which caused chemical damage to cucumbers and kidney beans, reduced the chemical damage.
(Plant Disease Reporter Vol.42No.11 1203～
(1205 pages, 1958) Example 2 A drug spot reducing effect was demonstrated by applying a salt preparation of Blasticidin S with benzylaminobenzene sulfonate to rice.
(Pesticide Production Technology pp. 24-29, 1963, Chemistry and Biology
(Vol. 2 No. 5, pp. 272-276, 1962) However, in the case of Example 1, the reduction effect is not shown unless a large amount of chlorophyllin is used, and it has not been put to practical use. The present inventors have conducted extensive research over a long period of time with the aim of developing an agent to prevent or reduce the phytotoxicity of antibiotics that cause phytotoxicity to plants.
The bactericidal properties of antibiotics can be improved by spraying antibiotics and one or more compounds selected from flavonoids, alkaloids, or carotenoids before, simultaneously with, or after the application of antibiotics. The present invention was completed by discovering that chemical damage can be prevented without any change in properties such as insecticidal and acaricidal properties. Examples of the chemical damage preventive agent used in the present invention include the following. Examples of flavonoids include Calycopterin, Chrysin, Flavone, Galangin, Genkwanin,
Gossypeti, Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Morin, Myricetin, Primuletin, Rutin, Rhamnetin, Toricin, Biochanin A (Biochanin), Daidzein, Formononetin, Genistin, Santal, Butin, Catechin, Eriodictyol, Hesperetin, Naringenin In addition, the alkaloid reserpine and the carotenoids α- and β
-, γ-position carotene (Carotine) is mentioned. The chemical damage inhibitor of the present invention can be used alone or mixed with various carriers in the form of powders, wettable powders, emulsions, aqueous solutions, and the like. Examples of various carriers include white carbon, diatomaceous earth, talc, synthetic alumina, phenolic acetic acid, clay, n
-Hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, xylol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, water, etc. Also, if necessary, it may be mixed with adjuvants such as spreading agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, synergists, etc., or with insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, antiviral agents, plant growth regulators, attractants, etc. You can also do that. Next, an example will be given and explained. Example 1 Reserpine 20 parts by weight Isopropyl alcohol 30 Xylol 40 Polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether and calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate (1:1 mixture) 10 These components are thoroughly mixed to form an emulsion. Example 2 Flavone 40 parts by weight Sodium ligninsulfonate 4.5 White carbon 3 Clay 52.5 These components are thoroughly mixed and pulverized to be used as a wettable powder. Example 3 β-carotene 10 parts by weight Naringin 10 Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 1.5 Diatomaceous earth 38 Bentonite 40.5 These components are mixed and used as a powder. Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be clarified by giving test examples. In both tests, the severity of chlorotic symptoms and deformity symptoms caused by antibiotics was divided into five levels, and the following criteria for drug damage were used. Judgment criteria For chlorosis symptoms: 0... Not occurring at all 1... Slight occurrence 2... Appearing on about 1/4 of the leaves 3... Appearing on about half of the leaves 4... 5: Occurred on about 3/4 of the leaf 5: Occurred all over the leaf 0: Abnormal symptoms: 0: No occurrence at all 1: Slightly deformed 2: Slight wilting and lobes Observed: 3: Severe signs of wilting and lobes 4: Severe signs of wilting and lobes, with slight cup-like symptoms 5: Cup-like symptoms Product test example 1 Put 100 g of rapeseed culture soil (manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd.) into a clay pot with a diameter of 7 cm, sow cucumber (variety: Matsukaze) seeds, and grow the first true leaves to about 2 to 2.5 cm in a greenhouse. The seedlings were thoroughly sprayed with an aqueous solution containing each antibiotic and this drug at a specified concentration. After growing the treated seedlings in a greenhouse for 7 days, the degree of chemical damage, plant height, and live weight were investigated. The results are shown in Table 1.

【table】

【table】

[Table] Test Example 2 Eggplant seedlings grown at the 3rd to 4th leaf stage were thoroughly sprayed with an aqueous solution containing each antibiotic and this drug, and the degree of phytotoxicity was investigated 7 days after the spraying. The results are shown in Table 2.

【table】

[Table] Test Example 3 Four rice seedlings (3-4 leaf stage) were planted in 1/5000 are Wagner pots, and 7 days after planting, they were treated with antibiotics and this drug, respectively. Investigation of the occurrence of drug damage was carried out 15 days after treatment. The results are shown in Table 3.

【table】

[Table] Test example 4 Ten rice seedlings at the four-leaf stage were planted in clay pots with a diameter of 7 cm.
This was sprayed with antibiotics and this preparation. Processing 1
After 1 day, rice was continuously inoculated in a greenhouse, and the spores of the potato fungus obtained were examined in one field of view (15 x 10
A solution adjusted to contain 30 spores was sprayed at a rate of 5 ml per pot. After spraying, the plants were placed in a vinyl humidity chamber (humidity 100%, temperature 25°C), and 24 hours later they were transferred to a greenhouse, kept at a high temperature, and on the seventh day of spraying, the number of lesions was counted and the control value was calculated using the method below. The results are shown in Table 4. Control value (%) = Number of lesions in untreated area - Number of lesions in treated area / Number of lesions in untreated area x 100

【table】

[Table] Test Example 5 Green beans grown in pots with a diameter of 5 cm were inoculated with 150 female adult spider mites per pot.
The same amounts of reserpine, β-carotene and flavones were added, and this mixture was mixed with 120, 60, 30, 15 and
Spray an aqueous solution diluted to 7.5ppm,
The acaricidal effect was investigated 24 hours after spraying. As a result, the mite killing rate was 100% effective.
It was found that no decrease in acaricidal titer was observed even when this drug was mixed.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An agent for preventing plant damage caused by antibiotics, which contains one or more of flavonoids, reserpine, or carotene as an active ingredient.