JPS6134558B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a shield type tunnel or shaft excavator equipped with a cutter and a mechanism for driving the cutter.

For example, a conventional cutter drive mechanism for a tunnel excavator generally includes a drive shaft supported by thrust and radial bearings at the center of the front portion of the tunnel excavator, and an electric motor and a speed reducer connected to the drive shaft. A drive shaft is rotated by an electric motor, and a cutter connected to the drive shaft with or without a gear train at the tip of the drive shaft is driven.

However, with this structure, the drive shaft, reducer, electric motor, etc. occupy most of the space in the front part of the tunnel excavating machine, resulting in a narrow interior space and the need to install a conveyor device to discharge excavated earth and sand. The space available for use is severely restricted. Therefore,
In reality, the size of the electric motor is set in consideration of the conveyor device, and the rotational torque that should be applied to the cutter naturally has a limit depending on the diameter of the tunnel to be excavated by the tunnel excavation machine. This tendency is exacerbated as the diameter of the tunnel or shaft becomes smaller, so the excavation efficiency decreases as the diameter of the tunnel or shaft becomes smaller. In addition, due to insufficient rotational torque, excavation was sometimes impossible. Therefore, there has been a demand for a tunnel or shaft excavator incorporating a drive mechanism that can apply a large rotational torque regardless of the diameter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an excavator that can apply a large rotational torque regardless of the diameter, thereby enabling efficient excavation of small-diameter tunnels or shafts.

According to the excavator of the present invention, the outer cylindrical portion constituting the shield skin is provided inside the outer cylindrical portion over the entire circumferential direction, and the front surface is inclined at a certain angle from a plane perpendicular to the axis of the outer cylindrical portion. arranged symmetrically with respect to an imaginary plane including an inclined surface having a circular shape, the most protruding point in the axial direction on the outer periphery of the inclined surface, and a point separated by 180° in the circumferential direction from this point; a plurality of first passages each having an arcuate front shape and provided at intervals in the axial direction from the inclined surface;
and second passages communicating with each of the first passages.
The inner cylinder part, which is arranged concentrically within the outer cylinder part and to which the cutter is connected, has a first passageway connected to the first passage.
a plurality of piston holes having an opening and a second opening axially spaced apart from the opening and facing the inclined surface; the second opening slidably fitted in each piston hole; It has a piston that projects toward the inclined surface from above, and a spreader that is swingably attached to an end of the piston and is pressed against the inclined surface. A hydraulic pressure source for rotating the inner cylinder portion is connected to a second passage communicating with the first passage located on either side of the virtual plane.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the excavator of the present invention includes an outer cylindrical portion 10, which is disposed concentrically within the outer cylindrical portion 10, and
It includes a rotatable inner cylinder part 12, a cutter 14 connected to the inner cylinder part 12, and a hydraulic pressure source 16. In the illustrated example, the excavator is a tunnel excavator.

The outer cylinder part 10 consists of a first outer cylinder member 18 and a second outer cylinder part 20 arranged behind the first outer cylinder member 18, and the outline of the outer periphery of each outer cylinder member is circular. First outer cylinder member 18
A cutter drum 22 on which the cutter 14 is mounted is disposed adjacent to the front end of the cutter drum 22 . In the illustrated example, a cylindrical tube 24 such as a hume tube is connected to the rear end of the second outer cylindrical member 20, and the outer cylindrical portion 10 is connected to the rear end of the second outer cylindrical member 20 through the cylindrical tube 24. Receive propulsion and move forward. First outer cylinder member 18
is integrally provided with a flange 19 that projects inward. The radial length of this flange 19 is the same as the thickness of the maximum thickness portion 21 of the second outer cylinder member 20. This flange 19 and the maximum thickness part 21
An inclined surface, a piston, etc., which will be described later, are arranged between the two.

In addition to the method shown in the figure in which cylindrical pipes are sequentially connected to the rear and the rear end of the rearmost cylindrical pipe is pushed by a pusher jack, each time the excavator excavates one span,
It can also be applied to a method of lining with segments.
However, as will be described later, since the cutter drive mechanism is not disposed inside the outer cylindrical portion 12 as in the conventional case, the tunnel boring machine can be made small in diameter, and the former is particularly advantageous.

The outer cylinder portion 10 includes an inclined surface 26, a plurality of first passages 28, and a second passage 30 inside thereof. The inclined surface 26 extends over the entire circumference of the outer cylinder portion, and is inclined at a constant angle θ from a surface perpendicular to the axis C, which is a vertical plane V in the illustrated example. The inclined surface 26 is formed on the end surface of the cylinder 32 and
2 is a flange 1 of the first outer cylinder member 18 of the outer cylinder part 10
9 is fixed concentrically to the outer cylinder part 10 by a dowel pin 36. The inclined surface 26 is connected to the first outer cylinder member 1.
8 and fixed to the first outer cylindrical member 18, it is preferable to form the inclined surface 26 easily. As will be described later on the inclined surface 26, a spreeter that engages with the inner cylindrical portion 12 is pressed and slides on this inclined surface 26. Therefore, the portion on which the splitter slides must have a circular front shape. This is the meaning behind the fact that the front shape is circular in this specification. In other words, the entire inclined surface may have a shape other than a circle, but at least the portion on which the sprette slides has a circular front shape, and as will be described later, 2.
Two points are identified.

The first passage 28 is provided apart from the inclined surface 26 in the axial direction, and has an arcuate front shape centered on the axis C, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, an imaginary plane passes through a point 38 that is most protruding in the axial direction on the outer periphery of the inclined surface 26 and a point 39 that is spaced 180 degrees from this point 38 in the circumferential direction, and includes the axis C. Considering P, the same number of first passages 28 are arranged on both sides of the virtual plane P in a symmetrical manner with respect to the virtual plane P. In the illustrated example, one first passage 28 is provided on each side of the virtual plane P,
isolated by a separation part 29 in the vicinity of the virtual plane P,
It has a semicircular arc shape. The distance W of this separation part 29
Although it is preferable that the distance W be as short as possible, it is not possible to set the distance W to zero, that is, to connect the passages 28 on both sides. For example, two or more passages 28 having a short length in the circumferential direction are provided on one side of the virtual plane P,
They can also be arranged in a semicircular arc shape as a whole. However, it is most preferable that the number of the first passages 28 is two in total because the number of separation parts increases and there is a risk that the smoothness of operation, which will be described later, is impaired by the separation parts.

In the illustrated example, the first passage 28 is formed by an annular disk 40.
This annular disk 40 is formed with a dowel pin 36.
It is concentrically fixed to the second outer cylinder member 20 of the outer cylinder part 10. In this case, it is preferable that manufacturing is easier than in the case where the first passage 28 is formed directly in the second outer cylinder member 20.

The second passage 30 communicates with the first passage 28 at one end thereof and is connected to the hydraulic pressure source 16 by a pipe 42 at the other end. This second passage 30 is the fifth
As shown in the figure, the second outer cylinder member 20 of the outer cylinder part 10
The semicircular first passage 28 communicates with the first passage 28 at its center. Depending on the structure of the outer cylinder, the second passage 30 may be omitted, and the first passage 2 may be omitted.
It is also possible to connect the pipe 42 directly to 8. In this specification, the expression that the second passage is provided in the outer cylinder includes, in addition to the illustrated example, a case where a part of the piping is directly used as the second passage.

The inner cylinder portion 12 includes a first inner cylinder member 46 and a second inner cylinder member 48, and the first inner cylinder member 46 has a plurality of piston holes 50 extending in the axial direction, and is slidably fitted into each piston hole 50. It includes a mating piston 52 and a spreader 54 mounted on the end of the piston 52. A maximum thickness portion 47 is integrally provided in the middle of the first inner cylinder member 46, and the piston hole 50 is bored in this maximum thickness portion 47. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of piston holes 50, 12 in the illustrated example, are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the maximum thickness portion 47. One opening 56 of the piston hole 50 is connected to the first passage 28 via a passage 58.
The other opening 57 is spaced apart from the opening 56 in the axial direction and faces the inclined surface 26 . The opening 56 may be directly connected to the first passage 28 without passing through the passage 58.

The end surface 60 of the piston 52 facing the opening 56 is a flat surface, and the end projecting from the opening 57 toward the inclined surface 26 is formed into a spherical portion 61 . This spherical portion 61 is fitted into a spherical surface formed on the spreader 54. As a result, the spreader 54 can swing.

A flange 62 facing inward is provided at the front end of the first inner cylindrical member 46, and a flange 64 provided on the second inner cylindrical member 48 abuts on this flange 62. The maximum thickness portion 49 integrally provided on the second inner cylinder member 48 has approximately the same thickness as the maximum thickness portion 47 of the first inner cylinder member 46, and the first Flange 19 of outer cylinder member 18
is located. A bearing metal 68 and a seal member 70 are applied to this flange 19, and the second inner cylinder member 48 is connected to the bearing metal 68 and the seal member 70.
0, and fasten the flanges 62 and 64 with bolts and nuts, and then connect the first inner cylinder member 46 and the second inner cylinder member 4.
8 is connected. The cutter drum 22 is attached to the front end of the second inner cylindrical member 48 .

The annular disk 40 is attached to the rear end of the first inner cylinder member 46.
, the maximum thickness portion 2 of the second outer cylinder member 20
The second outer cylindrical member 20 and the first outer cylindrical member 18 are bolted together using a recess 72 provided on the outer periphery of the second outer cylindrical member 18 . A bearing metal 76 is disposed between the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical rear end 74 of the first inner cylinder member 46 and the inner circumferential surface of the maximum thickness portion 21 of the second outer cylinder member 20. A thrust plate 78 is applied to the end. The thrust plate 78 is pressed against the bearing metal 76 by a nut 80 threaded onto the rear end 74. A seal member 70 is attached to this thrust plate 78. It should be noted that seal members other than those described above are appropriately arranged on the sliding surface.

As shown in FIG. 6, the cutter 14 is of a so-called spoke type in which a cutting tool 84 is embedded in a rib 2 integrally projecting inward from the cutter drum 22 in a cross shape. Alternatively, a slit type cutter may be used. The outer periphery of the cutter drum 22 is circular, and the outer cylindrical member 10
It has the same diameter.

This cutter 14 is connected to the cutter drum 2 as described above.
Since the cutter 14 is connected to the inner cylindrical portion 12 via the cutter 2, no mechanism for driving the cutter 14 is disposed inside the inner cylindrical portion 12. Therefore, a conveyor device or other equipment can be arbitrarily installed in this space by providing or not providing a partition near the cutter 14 to prevent the earth and sand excavated by the cutter 14 from flowing into the inner cylinder portion 12. can be placed.

A switching valve 86 is installed in the pipe 42. Now, when the port of the switching valve 86 is switched from the illustrated neutral position and the first port 88 is brought into communication, the pressure fluid from the hydraulic pressure source 16, for example, a pump, passes through the piping 42 and the second passage 30. It is guided to the first passage 28 located on the right side of the virtual plane P (as viewed in the excavation direction). The pressurized fluid that has reached the first passage 28 on the right side enters the six piston holes 50 facing this first passage 28, and flows through all the pistons 5.
Push out 2. As a result, the inclined surface 26 is pressed through the spreader 54 at the tip of the piston, and the inclined surface 26 is pressed.
The inner cylinder part 12, due to the component force acting downward due to the action of
The cutter 14 is thus turned clockwise and each piston 52 slides down the inclined surface 26. The rotation of the inner cylindrical portion 12 causes a new piston hole 50 to reach the first passage 28, so the rotation continues and excavation by the cutter 14 is performed. On the other hand, since the piston 52 that has reached the left side of the virtual plane P ascends the inclined surface 26, it is gradually pushed back, and the pressure fluid is switched through the first passage 28, the second passage 30, and the piping 42 on the left side. It reaches the valve 86 and returns to the reservoir tank 90.

It is preferable to reverse the direction of rotation of the stub in cases such as when the stub digs into the ground and makes excavation difficult. In this case, the port of the switching valve 86 is switched to bring the second port 89 into communication. Then, the pressure liquid from the pressure liquid source is guided to the first passage 28 located on the left side of the virtual plane P, and the inner cylinder part 12,
Therefore, the cutter 14 is rotated counterclockwise.

In the example described above, the supply of pressure fluid is switched by the switching valve 86. In contrast to this, it is also possible to supply pressurized liquid, for example, only to the first passage 28 on the right. In this case, the first passage on the left side is used as a relay for returning the return pressure fluid to the reservoir tank. Also in this case, starting the pump,
If used for purposes such as stopping, there is no need for a valve.

In the above example, the arrangement is such that the virtual plane P is vertical. Alternatively, it is also possible to use a device in which the virtual plane P is inclined or horizontal.

In the above example, we talked about a tunnel boring machine.
The present invention can also be applied as a shaft digging machine.

In carrying out the present invention, the rotational torque is
It can be arbitrarily set by changing the inclination angle θ from the plane V of No. 6, the number of pistons 52, the piston diameter, the hydraulic pressure, etc. Further, the rotation speed of the cutter 14 can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the discharge amount from the hydraulic pressure source.

According to the present invention, since the mechanism for driving the cutter is provided between the outer cylinder part and the inner cylinder part, the inside of the inner cylinder part becomes a free space. Therefore, the type, size, arrangement, etc. of the conveyor device for transporting earth and sand can be arbitrarily selected, and the diameter of the excavator can be reduced by taking these into consideration. In addition, since the rotational torque of the cutter can be set regardless of the diameter of the tunnel or shaft to be excavated, there will be no reduction in work efficiency due to a decrease in rotational torque, especially in the case of a small diameter.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the excavator of the present invention, and approximately the second
The second passage is cut along the line 1-1 in the figure, and the second passage is shown shifted by about 90 degrees.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 in Figure 1, and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 in Figure 1.
The figure is a sectional view taken along the line 5-5 in FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a view taken along the line 6-6 in FIG. 10: outer cylinder part, 12: inner cylinder part, 14: cutter,
16: hydraulic pressure source, 18: first outer cylinder member, 20: second
Outer cylinder member, 26: inclined surface, 28: first passage, 3
0: second passage, 32: cylinder, 38, 39: point,
40: Annular disc, 46: First inner cylinder member, 48: Second inner cylinder member, 50: Piston hole, 52: Piston, 54: Spreader, 86: Switching valve.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An outer cylinder part, a rotatable inner cylinder part arranged concentrically within the outer cylinder part, a hydraulic pressure source for rotating the inner cylinder part, and a hydraulic pressure source for rotating the outer cylinder part. a cutter located at one end and connected to the inner cylindrical part, the outer cylindrical part being provided inside the outer cylindrical part over the entire circumferential direction and at a certain angle from a plane orthogonal to the axis of the outer cylindrical part. An imaginary plane that passes through an inclined surface with a circular inclined front shape, the most protruding point in the axial direction on the outer periphery of the inclined surface, and a point separated by 180 degrees in the circumferential direction from this point, and includes the axis. a plurality of first passages each having an arcuate front shape, the first passages being arranged symmetrically with respect to each other and spaced apart in the axial direction from the inclined surface; and the second passages communicating with each of the first passages. a plurality of passages, and the inner cylinder portion has a first opening communicating with the first passage, and a second opening spaced apart from the opening in the axial direction and facing the inclined surface. a piston hole, a piston slidably fitted in each piston hole and protruding from the second opening toward the inclined surface, and a piston pivotally attached to an end of the piston and attached to the inclined surface a pressed spreader, and the hydraulic pressure source is connected to a second passage communicating with the first passage located on either side of the imaginary plane. 2. An outer cylinder part, a rotatable inner cylinder part arranged concentrically within the outer cylinder part, a hydraulic pressure source for rotating the inner cylinder part, and a hydraulic pressure source and the outer cylinder part. including a switching valve installed in a connecting pipe, and a cutter located at one end of the outer cylinder part and connected to the inner cylinder part,
The outer cylindrical portion has an inclined surface with a circular front shape, which is provided inside the outer cylindrical portion over the entire circumference and is inclined at a certain angle from a surface perpendicular to the axis, and an axial line at the outer periphery of the inclined surface. passing through the most prominent point in the direction and a point 180° apart from this point in the circumferential direction,
a plurality of first passages each having an arcuate front shape and arranged symmetrically with respect to a virtual plane including the axis and spaced apart from the inclined surface in the axial direction; and each of the first passages; and a second passageway communicating with the hydraulic pressure source, the inner cylinder having a first opening communicating with the first passageway and spaced apart from the opening in the axial direction and the inclined surface. the second opposite
a plurality of piston holes having openings; a piston slidably fitted in each piston hole and protruding from the second opening toward the inclined surface; a spreader mounted thereon and pressed against the inclined surface, and the switching valve controls the supply of pressure fluid from the hydraulic pressure source from a first passage located on one side across the virtual plane. An excavator switching to a first passage located on the other side. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the outer cylindrical portion includes a cylindrical member, the inclined surface is formed on an end surface of the cylindrical member, and the cylindrical member is concentrically fixed to the outer cylindrical portion. excavator. 4. The outer cylindrical portion includes an annular disc, the first passages are formed in the annular disc, and are disposed on both sides of the imaginary plane, and the annular disc includes an annular disc. An excavator according to claim 2 or 3, which is concentrically fixed to the excavator.