JPS61289961A - Method and permanent casting machine for producing integral cast article - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to foundry equipment, in particular a method for producing monolithic cast iron castings, in particular a permanent mold casting machine, a chill casting machine or a gravity casting machine making it possible to carry out the method. Regarding die casting machines.

The present invention has high wear resistance and high friction coefficient.

Brake shoes for railway vehicles and locomotives, for example, which meet the strict requirements of high strength and low brittleness;
It can be used to effectively manufacture various iron castings such as other machine parts in permanent molds without cold hardening.

[Conventional technology]

There are two steps: pouring molten metal into the permanent mold, providing time for a skin to form on the surface of the casting to maintain the shape of the casting, and pouring the molten metal into the permanent mold so as to form an air gap between the casting and the permanent mold. Methods of manufacturing cast iron castings are known which include the steps of opening the section and cooling the casting until solidification. (Soviet Union inventor certificate
No. 495.147 HInt, C/” B22D151
00).

A permanent mold casting machine capable of carrying out the method comprises a base plate, a casting side of the permanent mold attached to a lower mold plate, and a mechanism for moving the lower mold plate together with each part of the mold to a pouring zone; and a bottom plate. In the case of this type of machine, when the parts of the mold are expanded, the gears formed between the parts and the casting serve as a thermal resistance that regulates the cooling rate of the casting. ) The casting is formed without any The gap is also effective from the standpoint of the durability of the permanent mold, since the time for direct engagement between the permanent mold and the heated casting is reduced.

However, the method and machine described above are only capable of producing hollow castings using cores. When the parts of a permanent mold are expanded, the casting remains suspended in the core, its protruding parts are attached to fixed supports, and the surface parts do not engage the parts of the mold, so that they are not solidified (fluids) of the mold. ) The skin is self-annealed by the heat of the part. There are a number of difficulties in applying the known method to the production of one-piece cast iron castings, such as brake shoes. That is, the casting is formed without a core, and during the cooling period when the parts of the mold are spread out, the casting must be supported on certain parts of the permanent mold, which creates uneven cooling conditions and A cementite chill will be formed on the casting surface in the area where it comes into contact with. The well-known nature of these cold and hard zones is of varying hardness, making machining and servicing of machine parts formed from such castings difficult.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing monolithic cast iron castings and a permanent mold casting machine capable of carrying out the method, i.e. cooling the castings to produce cast iron castings of a given uniform structure without cold hardening (formation of cementite). The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a machine for doing so.

[Means for solving problems]

The method for manufacturing a monolithic iron casting, which is the object of the present invention, includes the steps of pouring fluid metal into a permanent mold, and holding the poured metal into the permanent mold until a surface skin capable of retaining the shape of the casting is formed. retracting the molding side of the permanent mold from the casting, and cooling the casting, and in the process of cooling the casting, the skin surface of the bottom of the casting is cooled by heat transfer from the cooling surface. 70 of the cementite contained by reducing the
- the skin surface of that part of the casting by heating for the time necessary to decompose 80% and then increasing the heat transfer from the casting surface for the time necessary for the superheated heat of the liquid phase to cool down; after which the heat transfer from the surface is reduced again while removing the heat of crystallization.

In the time required to decompose 70-80% of the contained cementite and the time required to remove the heat of crystallization,
The heat transfer from the outer skin surface of the bottom of the casting is set to 1.1:1 to 1°2:1 with respect to the heat transfer from the side of the casting, and the heat transfer is carried out for the time necessary to remove the superheated heat of the liquid phase. The heat transfer from the surface is 2.5:1 to 3 to the heat transfer from the side.
: It is desirable to set it to 1. The ratio of heat transfer from the bottom to the side of the mold is 1.1 as set.
The initial increase to a ratio of :1-1.2:1 allows the heat inside the liquid of the casting to overheat the bottom skin. As the temperature of the bottom skin increases, the contained cementite is quickly decomposed. However, it has been found desirable to retain the core heat in the bottom skin until 70-80% of the contained cementite has decomposed. The reason is that until the time when 70-80% of the cementite is decomposed, the temperature of the skin increases to a critical value, beyond which the strength of the skin is lost, and the metal-hydrostatic head of the liquid core of the casting increases. This is because it becomes easier to deform due to action.

Then the heat transfer from the bottom of the casting to the heat transfer from the sides increases to 2.5:1-3:1, and the superheated heat in the liquid center of the casting is completely reduced, while the temperature of the outer skin decreases. The heat transfer rate is somewhat slower. The heat transfer from the bottom of the skin to the side of the skin is again 1.1:1.
-1.2: When reduced to 1, the heat of crystallization of the casting causes the temperature of the outer shell to rise to a certain value, which completely decomposes the cementite.

A permanent mold casting machine capable of carrying out the method described herein includes a base plate, a casting side of a permanent mold supported by a mold base plate, and a casting zone for the mold base plate together with the parts of the permanent mold. a bottom plate; and at least one device for removing the casting from the bottom plate adapted to alter heat transfer from the casting bottom skin surface. a vertically movable support comprising a longitudinal bar mounted in alternating engagement with and having a horizontal cantilever secured thereon; and a horizontally movable support having a support member; a supporting surface (A) of the support member of the vertically movable support and the fixed horizontal support; the support surface (B) of the horizontally movable cantilever of the support; ) characterized by being narrower.

According to one embodiment of the machine of the invention, the vertically movable support is located below the bottom plate and the horizontally movable support is at the same height as the fixed horizontal support. 1. The support is mounted and in conjunction with a rotary drive to move the support between the vertically movable support and the fixed horizontal support.

According to another embodiment of the machine of the invention, it includes two devices similar to the above device for removing the casting from the bottom plate, adapted to vary the heat transfer from the bottom skin surface of the casting; devices are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the permanent mold, and a reciprocating panel is mounted between the two devices, the panel being movable in the vertical direction of each device for removing the casting. 2 which can be positioned alternately in the pouring zone by reciprocating movement of the panel above the support.
The apparatus is characterized in that a horizontally movable support of the apparatus is attached to each of the lower mold plates.

If a permanent mold casting machine is provided with one or two devices for removing integral castings from the bottom plate, it is possible to support the castings during cooling and at the same time to provide heat transfer from part of the skin surface. It engages with each device while changing the temperature, and thus the casting can be uniformly cooled at all locations, so it is possible to manufacture castings with cast iron of a predetermined structure without cold hardening. Vertically movable and horizontally movable supports that alternately engage the casting and serve to hold and cool the casting and remove it from the pouring zone and are vertically movable Since the supporting surface of the cantilevered part of the support is relatively narrow, the strength of heat transfer from the bottom skin (i.e., from the part where the casting is supported on the supporting surface of the cantilevered part) is less than that from the side of the casting. 1.1:1 to 1.2
:l, the temperature of the skin rises to a value sufficient to decompose the cementite contained therein, and during this time the skin maintains the desired shape without being deformed by the metal-hydrostatic head action in the liquid center of the casting. hold.

Because the support surface of the horizontally movable support cantilever is relatively wide, the intensity of heat transfer from the bottom skin surface to that from the casting side is between 2.5:1 and 3:1; This reduces the temperature at the bottom of the casting for the time required to completely draw off the superheat of the liquid phase, thereby avoiding deformation of the casting shell. The support surface of the support member of the fixed support is relatively narrow, and in this case as well, the intensity of heat transfer from the bottom skin to the heat transfer from the side of the casting is 1.1 = 1 to 1°2i1, and the heat of crystallization is heated, further decomposing the cementite in the outer shell, which is already thick enough to avoid deformation.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a reciprocating panel carrying two bottom plates is pivotally attached to said base plate by two parallel posts or links and cooperates with a drive for reciprocating movement. In this case, however, the core device includes a power cylinder fixedly mounted to the bed plate and a guide device, the power cylinder housing being attached to the panel, and the piston rod being provided with rollers that engage the guide device. This solves the problem of feeding the bottom plate into the pouring zone in a simple and effective manner.

In order to promote the formation of a skin at the upper end of the mold, i.e. over the entire periphery of the mold, and to prevent deformation of the bottom part of the skin even when the mold is slightly heated, a base plate above the fixed horizontal support is placed. It is desirable to install water cooling panels in an adjustable manner.

It is further desirable to adjustably mount a water cooling screen on the elongated bar of the vertically movable support to promote the formation of a predetermined structure in the cast iron during cooling of the casting.

In order to further increase the effectiveness of the disclosed permanent mold casting machine and to improve the quality of the casting, a guide cone for fluid passage fixedly mounted on one of the sides of the permanent mold and rotating on the same side of the permanent mold. It is desirable to equip the machine with a pouring device that includes a lightweight device that cooperates with a stand-alone drive that is reliably mounted and has a power cylinder mounted perpendicularly to the mold bottom plate.

By providing a pouring device with such a structure, the speed of pouring molten metal into the permanent mold becomes faster.
The difference in skin thickness between the bottom and side surfaces of the casting is minimized.

Thus, the method of manufacturing monolithic cast iron castings described herein and the permanent mold casting machine for carrying out the method provide a cast iron structure that is free from cold hardening and has a predetermined cast iron structure without overheating of the skin. There is no fear that the casting will deform during cooling, and it becomes possible to manufacture an integral casting with high freshness of cementite.

〔Example〕

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages of the method for manufacturing monolithic iron castings according to the invention and of the permanent mold casting machine for carrying out the method are detailed below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

For example, a method for producing an integral cast iron casting in a permanent mold for brake shoes for railway vehicles or locomotives is carried out as follows. Introducing molten metal into a permanent mold,
It remains there until a skin forms on the surface ("solidification") and allows the casting to hold its shape. The side castings are then removed from the mold and cooled in any suitable known manner. Monolithic castings are formed without cores to ensure uniform cooling on each side of the casting, including the bottom skin supporting the casting either on the bottom plate of the mold or on the side projections. , in the first cooling step by altering the heat transfer from the bottom surface of the casting envelope, i.e. by reducing the heat transfer from the intercore by the time necessary to internally decompose 70-80% of the cementite. Heating the outer surface of the bottom of the casting,
The casting is then cooled by increasing heat transfer from the surface for the time necessary to reduce the heat that superheated the liquid phase;
The casting is then removed from the bottom plate by means of a device adapted to reduce heat transfer from the surface again until the casting is completely solidified. During the step of heating the bottom skin, the heat transfer from its surface is 1.1:1 to 1 with respect to the heat transfer from the sides of the casting.
．． The ratio is set to 2:1. During this time, the bottom skin is heated by the heat of the liquid phase of the casting, and the cementite contained in it is
Decomposed by 0-80%. Next, in order to prevent further heating of the bottom skin which may cause further deformation, the heat transfer from the bottom skin surface of the casting is set at a ratio of 2.5:1 to that from the side surface of the casting.
The ratio is set between 3:1 and 3:1. Although this does not heat the skin beyond what the casting technique requires, it does actually reduce the temperature of the skin somewhat. The casting is held in this state until the superheat of the liquid phase has completely subsided, i.e. until the interior of the casting reaches a liquid state, during which time the skin becomes thicker and stronger. Once the superheat has cooled down, there is no longer any risk of deformation of the bottom of the casting, so the heat transfer is again set at a ratio of 1.1:1 to 1.2:1 with respect to the heat transfer from the side of the casting, and the heat of crystallization is reduced. The casting is maintained in this state until the temperature decreases, that is, until the inside of the casting reaches a solidus temperature. During this time the skin is heated again, but this heat does not cause the already formed skin to deform, which is of suitably large thickness during this period. However, this high temperature eventually causes the residual cementite to decompose and the casting is removed after gradual cooling.

A permanent mold casting machine carrying out the method for producing a one-piece iron casting described herein includes a permanent mold assembly having a base plate 1 (FIG. 1), a central column 2 fixedly supporting a bottom plate 3, and the permanent mold assembly. the cast forming sides 4 and 5 of the permanent mold with respective lower mold plates 6 and 7 cooperating with an independent actuating mechanism operable to move each part of the mold into the casting zone; Apparatus 8 for removing castings from the bottom plate in a manner that changes the heat transfer from the surface
(Figure 2).

Each actuating mechanism of each mold bottom plate 6 (FIG. 1) or 7 includes a power cylinder 9 and a parallelogram linkage 10 having a link hinged to each mold bottom plate and to the base plate 1; The piston rod 1) is a parallelogram linkage W10
is pivotally connected to one of the links.

The device 8 for depositing castings from the bottom plate 3 comprises a vertically movable support 12 and a horizontally movable support 13.
Furthermore, it has a fixed horizontal support 14 with a support member 15 .

The vertically and horizontally movable supports 12 and 13 are configured to alternately engage the casing bottom.

A vertically movable support 12 is located below the bottom plate 3 and includes a rod carrying an L-hand bar 16 with a horizontal cantilever 17 adapted to support the casting removed from the bottom plate 3. . For vertical movement, the rod of the support 12 is connected to a power cylinder 19 mounted vertically on the bed plate I of the machine.
is fixed to the piston rod 18 of. The longitudinal bar 16 of the vertically movable support 12 carries an adjustable water cooling screen 20 of suitable known construction.

The horizontally movable support 13 is a fixed horizontal support 14
It cooperates with a rotary drive adapted to move the support 13 between the vertically movable support 12 and the fixed horizontal support 14. Support 13
(Figure 2) shows a longitudinal bar 2 with a horizontal cantilever member 22 attached.
1 is included.

The rod 21 is attached to a vertical bushing 23 surrounding a shaft that is firmly attached to the base plate 1. The fixed horizontal arm of the nosing 23 is connected to the power cylinder 2 which is horizontally attached to the base plate 1.
It is pivotally attached to the piston rod 24 of No. 5. When the piston rod 24 is extended or retracted, the bushing 23 connects with the arm and the rod 21 and rotates about the vertical axis in a horizontal plane.

The fixed horizontal support 14 has a frame in which a cantilevered or roller-type support member 15 is housed.

A power cylinder 26 is mounted horizontally on the frame of the support 14 and its piston rod 27 carries a drive 28 adapted to move the casting from the cantilever 22 of the support 13 to the support member 15 of the support 14. do.

A water-cooled panel 29 of suitable known construction is mounted on a fixed horizontal support 1
4 (Fig. 1). The water cooling panel 29 is attached to the piston rod of a power cylinder 30 which is mounted vertically to the machine framework.

In order to increase the pouring rate and to improve the quality of the casting, the permanent casting machine described herein has a guide cone 31 for passing the fluid mounted on one side of the permanent mold, for example in section 4. and a measuring device 32 pivotally mounted on said side 4 of the permanent mold and cooperating with an independent drive comprising a power cylinder 33, said power cylinder 33 being located under the mold. It comprises a piston rod mounted on the plate 6 and pivotally connected to the measuring device 32, the outlet of the fluid passage cone 31 being made with the solid axis of the permanent mold.

According to an alternative embodiment, the permanent mold casting machine includes a device 32 (a third,
4 and 5), in which case each of the devices has the same structure as the previously described device 8 (shown in FIGS. 1 and 2). The two devices 34 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the permanent mold, and a reciprocating panel 35 with two bottom plates 3 mounted on top is mounted between them. During the reciprocating movement of the panel 35, the two base plates 3 are guided alternately into the casting zone and into a position above the respective vertically movable support of the casting removal device 34.

Each vertically movable support 36 and fixed horizontal support 37 of device 34 is arranged and mounted similarly to a corresponding support 12 and 14 of device 8, but with the exception that the horizontally movable support of device 34 The structure of 38 is similar to that of support 13 and is mounted on both sides of the permanent mold, for example on one of the lower mold plates of plate 6.

The panel 35 is pivotally mounted by two parallel posts or links 39 (FIG. 5) of the base plate 1, is connected to a drive for reciprocating movement, and has a housing 40 mounted at the bottom of the panel 35. It comprises a power cylinder 40 and a guide device fW41 firmly attached to the base plate 1, and the piston rod of the cylinder 40 has a roller 4 that engages with the guide device 41.
2 will be provided.

Each of the cantilevers of supports 12.36 and 13.38 is formed with a slot 43 (FIG. 6) for receiving a strip 44 secured to the rod of each support in any suitable known manner and held in place. Hold each cantilever in place.

The support top surface of the cantilever part is treated as ■ν and supports the casting while it is being cooled.

As can be seen from FIG. 7, the cantilevers 17 of the vertically movable supports 12 and 36 and the fixed horizontal supports 14
Since the support surfaces A (FIG. 7) of the support members 15 and 37 are narrow, the total area of surface A of each support is only 2-5% of the area of the bottom (support) surface of the casting. Since the supporting surfaces B (Fig. 8) of the cantilevered portions 22 of the horizontally movable supports 13 and 38 are wide, the total area of the surfaces B of the supports is 15-20% of the area of the bottom surface of the casting. reach

The shape of the water cooling screen 20 (FIGS. 9 and 10) attached to the longitudinal bar of a vertically movable support is
As can be seen from the figure, the screen is attached to the bar by adjustable screws 45, which correspond to the shape of the casting and are adjustable relative to the casting.

[For production]

The permanent mold casting machine described herein operates as follows.

Molten metal is injected into needle metering device 32 (FIG. 1). When the power cylinder 33 is actuated and the piston rod pivots the metering device 32, the needle metering device pours molten metal into the closed permanent mold via the fluid passage guide cone 31. After a period of holding the molten metal in the mold, i.e. after the skin surface has been sufficiently formed, the casting sides 4 and 5 of the permanent mold are spread out and the injection device is also driven aside.

A part of the casting 46 (up to 30-50% of the bottom area) is part of the bottom plate 3.
and is supported by the base plate 3 due to the corresponding shape of the separation line between the base plate 3 and the adjacent side 4 or 5 of the permanent mold. When the power cylinder 19 is actuated, the vertically movable support 12 is raised so that the cantilever 17 engages the hanging portion of the casting 46 from below and lifts the casting from the bottom plate 3. Since the contact area between the support surface A of the cantilevered portion 17 of the support body 12 and the bottom surface of the casting is only 2-5% of the cross-sectional area, heat transfer from the bottom surface of the casting is due to heat transfer from the side and top surfaces of the casting to the air. 7 of the contained cementite, since this is sufficient to raise the heat in the bottom skin of the casting by the heat in the center of the housing, although it only slightly exceeds the heat transfer.
0-80% is decomposed. A water-cooled screen 20 on a vertically movable support 12 serves as a heat transfer control device from the inner surface (working surface) of the casting, for example the working surface of a shoe brake on a railway vehicle, which wears out due to friction during operation. So make sure you get the structure you need in cross section.

As soon as the temperature of the bottom shell of the casting reaches a deformable value, the casting is transferred to the cantilever 22 of the horizontally movable support 13. This is carried out by actuating the power cylinder 25 to project its piston rod and causing the arm of the piston rod to rotate the bushing 23, which carries the rod 21 of the support 13 at an angle of 90°. The cantilever portion 22 of the calyx support 13 is attached to the support I2 located below them.
is positioned in the middle of the cantilevered portion I7. When the vertically movable support 12 is lowered, the casting remains supported by the cantilever 22 of the support 13, in which case the contact area between the bottom of the casting and the support surface B is 15-20% of the cross section. reach. Heat transfer from the bottom of the casting is therefore significantly increased.

Until the liquid interior of the casting reaches its liquidus point (i.e. until the superheating has ended), the casting is held on the support I3 (when the power cylinder 25 is actuated to retract the piston rod, said support 13 is in its initial position). ). The temperature of the outer skin surface at the bottom of the casting is controlled by the support 13 via the support surface B.
Since the heat transfer to the cantilever portion 22 is increased, it does not rise or deform.

When the overheated heat subsides, the drive device 28 of the power cylinder 26
The casting is moved from the cantilever 22 of the support 13 to the support member 15 of the fixed horizontal support 14. The contact area between the bottom surface of the casting and the supporting member 15 is 2-5% of the area of the core. While on the fixed support, the casting is pressed against the support member 15 from above by a downwardly driven water-cooled panel 29.

Further cooling by the water cooling panel 29 forms a top skin to complete the casting shell, thereby protecting the casting against distortions resulting from heating by the heat of crystallization of the metal of the casting during solidification. During this time, the cementite finally decomposes at the bottom of the casting.

Once the solidus temperature inside the casting has been reached, the casting is transferred from the stationary support 14 to a delivery location or to a conveyor in any known and suitable manner.

The alternative machine described above includes two devices for removing the casting from the bottom plate and operates as follows.

After pouring the molten metal and forming a surface skin capable of retaining the shape of the casting, the sides 4 and 5 of the permanent mold are widened to place the casting, for example on the left-hand bottom plate 3 (FIG. 4). . Panel 35 is then driven to the left until it reaches the pour zone with the right bottom plate aligned with the axis of the permanent mold. When the panel 35 is moved in this way, the left bottom plate that supports the castings is moved to the left casting removal device 3.
It will be located above the vertically movable support 36 of 4. The movement of the panel 35 to the left is effected by moving the piston rod of the power cylinder 40 (FIG. 5) to the left, in which case the top roller 42 attached to said piston rod cooperates with the guide device 41 so that the panel 35 connects the base plate 1 via a pivotably mounted parallel column or link 39.
Move to the left by connecting with. bottom roller 42
serves to hold the panel 35 in the lower position during the return stroke of the piston rod of the power cylinder 40.

The left bottom plate 3 on which the castings are placed is the left castings take-out device 34.
-F of the vertically movable support 36, each power cylinder is actuated to lift the support 36, and the cantilever engages the bottom of the casting by the support surface and lifts the casting. .

The sides 4 and 5 of the permanent mold are then closed with the right-hand bottom plate 3, and the horizontally movable support 38 of the left-hand device for removing the casting is moved to a position below the support 36 holding the casting. After this, however, the support 36 is lowered and its cantilever is lowered into the middle of the cantilever of the support 38, placing the casting thereon. Next, molten metal is poured into the permanent mold assembled on the right bottom plate 3, and when a skin is formed on the casting, the sides of the permanent mold are opened.

As the sides of the casting mold are thus separated, the casting placed on the cantilevered portion of the support 38 is moved to the left casting removal device f34 by movement of each side of the permanent mold during successive heat treatment steps.
reaches above the fixed horizontal support 37 of. Next panel 35
is moved by a return stroke, and the right-hand bottom plate 3 carrying the new casting reaches above the vertically movable support 36 of the right-hand casting removal device 34. Empty left bottom plate 3
will be located in the pouring zone.

A new casting is then removed from the right bottom plate by a cantilever of the vertically movable support of the right device 34, and the casting is transferred to the device 34 in the same manner as the previous casting transfer in the left casting removal device 34. horizontally movable support 3
8 and then the (i.e. right) device 3
4 to the support member of the fixed horizontal support. The molten metal is then continuously poured into the permanent mold assembled on the right-hand bottom plate 3, and when another casting is skinned, the sides of the permanent mold are opened and the cycle of operation is repeated.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Thus, with a permanent mold casting machine of the construction described herein, production can be increased by removing the casting from the pouring zone before the casting has fully solidified and opening the permanent mold for the next pouring cycle. ,
The quality of castings can be improved by ensuring the production of cast iron with a uniform, predetermined structure without cold hardening.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a permanent mold casting machine with one device for removing castings, Fig. 2 is a top view of the machine of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a diagram with two sump devices for removing castings. 4 is a schematic top view of the shield of the permanent mold casting machine, with the bottom plate located at the right end; FIG. 4 is the same drawing as FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V--V in FIG. 3, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the longitudinal ring of the vertically movable support, and FIG. 7 is taken along the line ■--■ in FIG. Sectional view, No. 8
The figure is a sectional view taken along the line ■-■ in Figure 7, Figure 9 is a diagram showing a water cooling screen provided on a vertically movable support, and Figure 10 is a top view of the unit shown in Figure 9. It is. 1... Base plate, 2, 39... Pillar, 3... Bottom plate, 4,
5... Side part of the permanent mold, 6, 7... Mold lower plate, 8... Device for taking out the casting from the bottom plate, 9,
19゜25.26,30,33,40...Power cylinder, 10...Link of parallelogram linkage device, 1),
1B, 24.27...Piston rod, 12.36...
Vertically movable support, 13.38 Horizontally movable support, 14.37 Fixed horizontal support, 15 Support member, 16 Longitudinal ring, 17
゜22...Cantilever part, 20, 29...Water cooling screen, 21...Longitudinal support, 23...Bushing, 31
...Fluid passage guide conical part, 32...Measuring device, 34
... Device for taking out castings from the bottom plate, 35...
Panel, 41... Guide device, 42... Roller, 43
...Slot, 44...Strip, 45...Screw, 46...Casting, A...Narrow support surface, B...Wide support surface. patent applicant

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) pouring fluid metal into a permanent mold;
retaining the poured metal in the permanent mold until a surface skin capable of retaining the shape of the casting is formed; retracting the casting side of the permanent mold from the casting; and cooling the casting. In the process of cooling the casting, the skin surface at the bottom of the casting is heated for a time necessary to decompose 70-80% of the cementite it contains by reducing heat transfer from the surface. , this is followed by cooling the skin surface of that part of the casting by increasing the heat transfer from the casting surface for a period of time necessary for the superheated heat of the liquid phase to drop, and after this while removing the heat of crystallization. A method for manufacturing a monolithic iron casting, characterized in that heat transfer from the surface is again reduced. (2) In the time required to decompose 70-80% of the cementite and the time required to remove the heat of crystallization, the heat transfer from the outer skin surface of the bottom of the casting is 1 times the heat transfer from the side of the casting. .1:1 to 1.2:1, and the heat transfer from the surface is set to 2.5:1 to the side heat transfer for the time required to remove the superheated heat of the liquid phase. 1 to 3:
1. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is set to 1. (3) The molding sides (4 and 5) of the permanent mold supported by the base plate (1) and the lower mold plate (6 and 7).
), a mechanism for moving the mold bottom plate together with the parts of the permanent mold to the pouring zone; and a bottom plate (3).
and at least one device (8) for removing the casting from the bottom plate adapted to vary heat transfer from the bottom skin surface of the casting, the device (8) alternating with the bottom of the casting. a vertically movable support (12) and a horizontally movable support (13) comprising longitudinal bars mounted in engagement and having horizontal cantilevers secured thereon;
and a fixed horizontal support (14) having a support member (15).
a cantilever (17) of the vertically movable support (12) and a support member (1) of the fixed horizontal support (14).
5) The supporting surface (A) of the supporting body (1) is movable in the horizontal direction.
3) A permanent mold casting machine characterized in that the supporting surface (B) of the cantilever portion (22) is narrower than the supporting surface (B). (4) The vertically movable support (12) is located below the bottom plate (3), and the horizontally movable support (12) is located below the bottom plate (3).
13) is mounted at the same height as the fixed horizontal support (14), and the support (12) and the fixed horizontal support (12) are movable in the vertical direction in conjunction with a rotary drive. 1
4) The permanent mold casting machine according to claim 3, wherein the permanent mold casting machine is moved between. (5) includes two devices (34) similar to said device (8) for removing castings from said bottom plate adapted to alter heat transfer from said bottom skin surface;
a panel (3) arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the permanent mold and capable of reciprocating between the two devices;
5), said panel (35) is attached to a vertically movable support (3) of each device (34) for removing castings.
A horizontally movable support (38) of the device (34) carries two bottom plates (3) which can be positioned alternately in the pouring zone by a reciprocating movement of the panel (35) above the device (34). 4. A permanent mold casting machine according to claim 3, wherein a permanent mold casting machine is provided, wherein a permanent mold casting machine is attached to each of the lower mold plates. (6) A reciprocating panel (35) supporting the two bottom plates (3) is connected to the base plate (3) by two parallel columns (39).
The power cylinder (40) is pivotally attached to the base plate (1), is connected to a drive device for reciprocating movement, and includes a power cylinder (40) fixedly attached to the base plate (1) and a guide passage (41); 40) is mounted on the panel (35), and the piston rod of the cylinder is provided with a roller (42) that engages with the guide passage (41). Mold casting machinery. (7) comprising a water-cooled panel (29) vertically adjustable adjustable on the base plate (1) above the fixed horizontal support; Permanent mold casting machine as described in the above. (8) A permanent mold according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that a water cooling screen (20) is adjustably attached to the longitudinal bar of the vertically movable support. casting machinery. (9) a pouring device having a fluid passage guiding cone (31) fixedly fixed to one of the sides of the permanent mold and rotatably mounted on the same side of the permanent mold to the lower mold plate; The power cylinder (
A lightweight device (33) connected to an independent drive device with (33)
2) Claim 5 is characterized in that it includes
Permanent mold casting machine as described in section.