JPS6125756B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6125756B2 JPS6125756B2 JP9223377A JP9223377A JPS6125756B2 JP S6125756 B2 JPS6125756 B2 JP S6125756B2 JP 9223377 A JP9223377 A JP 9223377A JP 9223377 A JP9223377 A JP 9223377A JP S6125756 B2 JPS6125756 B2 JP S6125756B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- cyclone
- inner cylinder
- steam
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は減圧残渣油、重油、原油等の重質油
を分解し軽質油、分解ガス等をうる反応器に附設
するサイクロン装置の構造及びその運転方法に関
する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the structure of a cyclone device attached to a reactor for decomposing heavy oil such as vacuum residual oil, heavy oil, crude oil, etc. and producing light oil, cracked gas, etc., and a method for operating the same.
従来重質油を軽質化するための装置としては固
体の流動粒子を熱媒体として熱分解あるいは接触
分解する流動層反応器が提案されている。この反
応器には粒子の飛散防止のためサイクロン装置が
通常反応器内に附設されている。しかし重質油の
分解により生じた分解ガスはその組成成分性状に
よりして炭素分の分離生成があり、これが装置壁
面に附着堆積する所謂コーキング現象を生じやす
い。このコーキングは流動粒子の細粒の付着をも
促進しコークは生長して遂にはガス通路を閉塞
し、装置の運転を停止しなければならない事態と
なる。 Conventionally, a fluidized bed reactor has been proposed as a device for lightening heavy oil, which performs thermal decomposition or catalytic decomposition using solid fluidized particles as a heat medium. A cyclone device is usually attached to this reactor to prevent particles from scattering. However, depending on the nature of the composition of the cracked gas produced by the decomposition of heavy oil, carbon components are separated and produced, which tends to cause the so-called coking phenomenon in which carbon components adhere to and accumulate on the walls of the equipment. This coking also promotes the adhesion of fine particles of fluidized particles, and the coke grows and eventually blocks the gas passage, resulting in a situation where the operation of the equipment must be stopped.
この発明はこのようなコーキングを抑制する装
置構造とその運転方法を提案し装置の連続運転を
可能ならしめることを目的とする。 The purpose of this invention is to propose a device structure and an operating method for suppressing such coking, and to enable continuous operation of the device.
この発明は以下の特徴を有するものである。 This invention has the following features.
(1) 炭化水素熱分解反応器に附設するサイクロン
において、内筒を２重の筒状壁としその外壁下
端とその下端から外壁径の40％寸法高さ上方に
位置する内壁部分までとを曲面で接続して内壁
下部をベルマウス状曲面とし、このベルマウス
部の環状断面の内面方向かつ切線方向に蒸気を
噴出する複数個の蒸気噴出孔を前記ベルマウス
曲面部に設けた炭化水素熱分解反応器用サイク
ロン装置であること。(1) In a cyclone attached to a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor, the inner cylinder has a double cylindrical wall, and the lower end of the outer wall and the inner wall portion located above the dimensional height of 40% of the outer wall diameter are curved. The lower part of the inner wall is connected by a bellmouth-shaped curved surface, and the bellmouth curved surface is provided with a plurality of steam ejection holes that eject steam in the direction of the inner surface and the tangential line of the annular cross section of the bellmouth. Must be a cyclone device for reactor.
(2) 炭化水素熱分解反応器に附設するサイクロン
の内筒を２重筒状壁とし、この２重筒状壁の内
壁の直径と外壁の直径との比を１：1.25乃至
１：1.20にする炭化水素熱分解反応器用サイク
ロン装置であること。(2) The inner cylinder of the cyclone attached to the hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor has a double cylindrical wall, and the ratio of the diameter of the inner wall to the diameter of the outer wall of the double cylindrical wall is 1:1.25 to 1:1.20. Cyclone device for hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor.
(3) 炭化水素熱分解反応器に附設する内筒を２重
壁とするサイクロンの運転に際し、内筒軸心方
向に流れるガス速度を25m/s乃至50m/sにし、
内筒内壁ベルマウス曲面部の蒸気噴出孔から噴
出する蒸気速度を前記サイクロンのガス入口速
度の1.5倍乃至3.0倍にする炭化水素熱分解反応
器用サイクロン装置の運転方法であること。(3) When operating a cyclone with a double-walled inner cylinder attached to a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor, the gas velocity flowing in the axial direction of the inner cylinder is set to 25 m/s to 50 m/s,
A method for operating a cyclone device for a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor, in which the velocity of steam ejected from the steam outlet in the bellmouth curved surface of the inner wall of the inner cylinder is 1.5 to 3.0 times the gas inlet velocity of the cyclone.
発明者等の実験と観察によりコーキング生成の
大きな原因の一つとしてはサイクロン壁面近傍に
発生する渦流があることを確認した。このような
渦流の発生とコーキングの生長はサイクロン内筒
の下端において特に顕著であり、これを防止する
ことが肝要であることが判つた。 Through experiments and observations by the inventors, it has been confirmed that one of the major causes of coking formation is the vortex generated near the cyclone wall. It has been found that the generation of such swirling currents and the growth of coking are particularly noticeable at the lower end of the cyclone inner cylinder, and that it is important to prevent this.
第１図は従来の炭化水素熱分解反応器用サイク
ロンの縦断面図とコーキングの付着の状況を示す
図面である。粒子を含有する分解ガスはガス入口
１′からサイクロンに入り、サイクロン外筒の内
面を旋回流となり施回しながら流下し、外筒円錐
部３′で反転して上昇流となり出口部たる内筒
４′に入り上昇する。ガス中に含有される粒子は
外筒円筒部２′及び外筒円錐部において施回流に
よる遠心力を受けて分離され、集塵箱５′を経由
してサイクロン外に排出される。この場合、内筒
４′の下端に第１図に示すようなコーキング付着
物７′が生長し遂には運転を停止するに至るもの
である。 FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a conventional cyclone for a hydrocarbon thermal decomposition reactor, and a drawing showing the state of adhesion of coking. The cracked gas containing particles enters the cyclone from the gas inlet 1', flows down the inner surface of the cyclone outer cylinder as a swirling flow, turns around at the outer cylinder conical part 3', and becomes an upward flow into the inner cylinder 4, which is the outlet part. ' and rises. Particles contained in the gas are separated in the cylindrical part 2' and the conical part of the outer cylinder by the centrifugal force caused by the circulating flow, and are discharged to the outside of the cyclone via the dust collection box 5'. In this case, caulk deposits 7' as shown in FIG. 1 grow on the lower end of the inner cylinder 4', eventually leading to the stoppage of operation.
この現象を子細に観察するに内筒が単純な板で
形成した円筒であり、その下端は筒を切断したよ
うな形になつており、そのためこの部には流入ガ
スの縮流を生じその外周部たる内筒内壁面に沿つ
ては小さな渦流を生じている。 If we observe this phenomenon in detail, we can see that the inner cylinder is a cylinder made of a simple plate, and the lower end is shaped like a cut-off cylinder, which causes a contraction of the inflowing gas in this part, and the outer periphery of the cylinder. A small vortex is generated along the inner wall surface of the inner cylinder.
この発明はこのような渦流を防止するため内筒
４を第３図に示すように二重壁としシリンダ状の
外壁４ｂと内壁４ａとで内筒４を形成する。内壁
４ａはその下端より外壁筒４ｂの径の約40％の寸
法高さｈに位置する部分までを曲面にして外壁４
ｂの下端と接続し、内壁４ａの下部をベルマウス
状に形成するものである。なおこのベルマウス部
５の曲面部には複数個の蒸気噴出孔６をその蒸気
噴出方向をベルマウス部壁に切線となるように穿
孔して設ける。圧力蒸気はノズル７から、前記外
壁４ｂと内壁４ａとの間の通路８を通り蒸気噴出
孔６を通りベルマウス部５の表面にそつて蒸気の
旋回流を生じさせる。 In order to prevent such swirling currents, the present invention makes the inner cylinder 4 double-walled as shown in FIG. 3, and forms the inner cylinder 4 with a cylindrical outer wall 4b and an inner wall 4a. The inner wall 4a has a curved surface from its lower end to a portion located at a dimension height h of approximately 40% of the diameter of the outer wall tube 4b.
b, and forms the lower part of the inner wall 4a in a bell mouth shape. A plurality of steam jet holes 6 are provided in the curved surface of the bell mouth portion 5 so that the steam jet direction is perpendicular to the wall of the bell mouth portion. Pressurized steam flows from the nozzle 7, passes through the passage 8 between the outer wall 4b and the inner wall 4a, passes through the steam jet hole 6, and generates a swirling flow of steam along the surface of the bell mouth portion 5.
なお実験によれば内壁４ａの直径diと外壁４ｂ
の内径Ｄとの比率は１：1.25乃至１：20にするこ
とが前述の内筒入口の縮流に対応することになり
コーキング防止に効果の大なることが判つた。 According to experiments, the diameter di of the inner wall 4a and the outer wall 4b
It has been found that setting the ratio of the inner diameter D to 1:1.25 to 1:20 corresponds to the above-mentioned contracted flow at the inlet of the inner cylinder and is highly effective in preventing coking.
またこの発明にかかる装置を運転した結果、以
下に述べるように各部におけるガス速度を規定す
る方法で運転することがコーキング防止の上から
好ましい結果を生ずることが判つた。 Further, as a result of operating the apparatus according to the present invention, it was found that operating the apparatus in a manner that regulates the gas velocity at each part as described below produces preferable results in terms of preventing coking.
即ち内筒４内の内筒軸心方向のガス速度Ueは
20m/s以上、望ましくは30m/s以上とする。第２
図はUeと単位時間当り単位面積についてのコー
キング付着量たるコーキング速度の実験結果を線
図で示すものである。通常のサイクロンではこの
Ueに10〜17m/sを採用しているが、発明者等の
実験結果からは圧力損失を考慮するとUeは20〜
50m/s望ましくは30〜35m/sにするのが良い。し
かし最適な値はガス量、流入粒子性質、許容圧
損、ガス温度等の諸条件を考慮し定めるものであ
る。 That is, the gas velocity Ue in the inner cylinder 4 in the inner cylinder axial direction is
20m/s or more, preferably 30m/s or more. Second
The figure is a diagram showing the experimental results of Ue and coking speed, which is the amount of coking deposited per unit area per unit time. In a normal cyclone, this
Although Ue of 10 to 17 m/s is adopted, the inventor's experimental results show that Ue is 20 to 17 m/s when considering pressure loss.
50m/s, preferably 30-35m/s. However, the optimum value is determined by considering various conditions such as gas amount, inflow particle properties, allowable pressure drop, and gas temperature.
一方内筒入口部の垂直方向（内筒軸心方向）の
ガス速度を低減し10m/s以下にすることがコーキ
ング防止上のぞましく、前記縮流による渦流に関
連するので内筒外壁の径Ｄを内筒内径diの1.25〜
2.0倍の径とするものである。 On the other hand, it is desirable to reduce the gas velocity in the vertical direction (direction of the axis of the inner cylinder) at the inlet of the inner cylinder to 10 m/s or less in order to prevent coking. The diameter D is 1.25 to the inner cylinder inner diameter di.
The diameter is 2.0 times larger.
またコーキングを生じやすいガスを内筒壁から
分離遮断することと、蒸気でコーキングしやすい
ガスの成分を薄めることとの考慮から高速度の蒸
気の旋回流をベルマウス部で生ぜしめるためにベ
ルマウス部に蒸気噴出孔を設けるものである。こ
の蒸気噴出の方向はガスの内筒内旋回方向と同一
でベルマウス壁に対し切線方向であり、その速度
はサイクロン入口のガス速度Ui（通常25m/s〜
50m/s望ましくは30m/s）の1.5〜3.0倍の速度と
なるごとく蒸気通路８内の蒸気圧力を制御して行
なう。 In addition, in order to separate and cut off the gas that tends to cause coking from the inner cylinder wall and to dilute the components of the gas that tends to cause coking with steam, a bell mouth is used to generate a high-velocity swirling flow of steam at the bell mouth part. A steam outlet is provided in the section. The direction of this steam jet is the same as the swirling direction of the gas in the inner cylinder and is tangential to the bell mouth wall, and its velocity is the gas velocity Ui at the cyclone entrance (usually 25 m/s ~
The steam pressure in the steam passage 8 is controlled so that the speed is 1.5 to 3.0 times the speed of 50 m/s (preferably 30 m/s).
この発明を実施することにより、内筒下端のガ
ス流入部がベルマウス状にしてあるためガス縮流
に対応したような形状のガス流れを示し、渦流の
生成がなく、またベルマウス部の蒸気噴出孔から
の蒸気旋回流れによりガス成分がうすめられ、併
せて渦流ふき払いと内筒内壁からの離隔の効果に
よりコークの内筒壁への付着は防止され、また第
２図に示すガス速度Ueとコーキング速度線図か
ら判るようにサイクロン内筒入口部のガス速度を
規定するサイクロン運転方法を実施することがで
き、これらの総合した効果としてサイクロン内筒
へのコーキング付着量をいちぢるしく低減するこ
とができ、装置の連続運転の可能、保守の容易に
なる等種々の効果を奏するものである。 By carrying out this invention, the gas inlet at the lower end of the inner cylinder has a bell-mouth shape, so that it exhibits a gas flow shape that corresponds to gas contraction flow, and there is no generation of vortices, and the steam in the bell-mouth portion can be reduced. The gas component is diluted by the steam swirling flow from the nozzle hole, and the adhesion of coke to the inner cylinder wall is prevented by the effect of vortex blowing and separation from the inner cylinder inner wall, and the gas velocity Ue shown in Fig. 2 is reduced. As can be seen from the coking speed diagram, it is possible to implement a cyclone operating method that regulates the gas velocity at the inlet of the cyclone inner cylinder, and the overall effect of these is to significantly reduce the amount of coking deposited on the cyclone inner cylinder. This provides various effects such as enabling continuous operation of the device and facilitating maintenance.
第１図は従来のサイクロンのコーキング状態を
示す縦断面図、第２図は内筒内ガス速度Ueとコ
ーキング速度を示す線図、第３図はこの発明にか
かるサイクロンの縦断面図、第４図は内筒の縦断
面を示す拡大図、第５図は第４図のＡ−Ａ断面視
図である。
１……ガス入口、２……外筒円筒部、３……外
筒円錐部、４……内筒、４ａ……内壁、４ｂ……
外壁、５……ベルマウス部、６……蒸気噴出孔、
７……ノズル、８……通路。
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the coking state of a conventional cyclone, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the gas velocity Ue in the inner cylinder and the coking speed, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cyclone according to the present invention, and Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the coking state of a conventional cyclone. The figure is an enlarged view showing a longitudinal section of the inner cylinder, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Gas inlet, 2... Outer cylinder cylindrical part, 3... Outer cylinder conical part, 4... Inner cylinder, 4a... Inner wall, 4b...
Outer wall, 5... bell mouth part, 6... steam vent,
7... Nozzle, 8... Passage.
Claims (1)
において、内筒を２重の筒状壁としその外壁下端
とその下端から外壁径の40％寸法高さ上方に位置
する内壁部分までとを曲面で接続して内壁下部を
ベルマウス状曲面とし、このベルマウス部の環状
断面の内面方向かつ切線方向に蒸気を噴出する複
数個の蒸気噴出孔を前記ベルマウス曲面部に設け
たことを特徴とする炭化水素熱分解反応器用サイ
クロン装置。 ２ 炭化水素熱分解反応器に附設するサイクロン
の内筒を２重筒状壁とし、この２重筒状壁の内壁
の直径と外壁の直径との比を１：1.25乃至１：
1.20にすることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１
項記載の炭化水素熱分解反応器用サイクロン装
置。 ３ 炭化水素熱分解反応器に附設する内筒を２重
壁とするサイクロンの運転に際し、内筒軸心方向
に流れるガス速度を25m/s乃至50m/sにし、内筒
内壁ベルマウス曲面部の蒸気噴出孔から噴出する
蒸気速度を前記サイクロンのガス入口速度の1.5
倍乃至3.0倍にすることを特徴とする炭化水素熱
分解反応器用サイクロン装置の運転方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. In a cyclone attached to a hydrocarbon thermal decomposition reactor, the inner cylinder has a double cylindrical wall, and the lower end of the outer wall and the inner wall portion located above the lower end by 40% of the outer wall diameter. The lower part of the inner wall is connected by a curved surface, and a plurality of steam ejection holes are provided in the bellmouth curved surface portion to eject steam in the inner direction and the tangential direction of the annular cross section of the bellmouth portion. A cyclone device for a hydrocarbon thermal decomposition reactor, characterized by: 2 The inner cylinder of the cyclone attached to the hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor has a double cylindrical wall, and the ratio of the diameter of the inner wall to the diameter of the outer wall of the double cylindrical wall is 1:1.25 to 1:
1.20.
A cyclone device for a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor as described in 2. 3. When operating a cyclone with a double-walled inner cylinder attached to a hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor, the gas velocity flowing in the axial direction of the inner cylinder is set to 25 m/s to 50 m/s, and the bellmouth curved surface of the inner cylinder wall is The speed of steam ejected from the steam nozzle is 1.5 of the gas inlet speed of the cyclone.
A method of operating a cyclone device for a hydrocarbon thermal decomposition reactor, characterized by increasing the amount by 3.0 times to 3.0 times.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9223377A JPS5426804A (en) | 1977-08-02 | 1977-08-02 | Cyclone for hydrocarbon thermal cracker and its operation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9223377A JPS5426804A (en) | 1977-08-02 | 1977-08-02 | Cyclone for hydrocarbon thermal cracker and its operation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5426804A JPS5426804A (en) | 1979-02-28 |
| JPS6125756B2 true JPS6125756B2 (en) | 1986-06-17 |
Family
ID=14048708
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9223377A Granted JPS5426804A (en) | 1977-08-02 | 1977-08-02 | Cyclone for hydrocarbon thermal cracker and its operation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5426804A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01109909U (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1989-07-25 | ||
| JP2613672B2 (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1997-05-28 | 株式会社クボタ | Nursery plant |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5157075A (en) * | 1974-11-14 | 1976-05-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | HENSHINMOOMENTOKA HENSOCHI |
| SE452349B (en) * | 1986-04-23 | 1987-11-23 | Dynapac Ab | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR SELF-STANDING HAND MANOVERED VIBRATOR PLATE |
-
1977
- 1977-08-02 JP JP9223377A patent/JPS5426804A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01109909U (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1989-07-25 | ||
| JP2613672B2 (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1997-05-28 | 株式会社クボタ | Nursery plant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5426804A (en) | 1979-02-28 |
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