JPS6122976Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention relates to an improvement of a composting device.

It has been known for a long time that organic waste such as weeds, straw, livestock excreta, and garbage can be fermented and turned into compost if deposited. Therefore, a device for fermenting such organic waste and turning it into compost is needed.
Various proposals were made. It is also known that heat is generated during this fermentation. However, no device has yet been proposed that can effectively utilize the fermentation heat generated during composting.

The inventor thought of extracting the fermentation heat generated during composting and using it to heat greenhouses. For this purpose, it is necessary to allow fermentation to proceed efficiently. Therefore, the inventor set out to create a device that could efficiently carry out fermentation and efficiently extract the fermentation heat. This invention was made based on such a plan.

In other words, this invention is a composting device that has an exhaust port and an air supply port at the top and bottom of a covered tank, respectively, by installing pipes upright along the inner surface of the side wall, or by creating a cavity extending vertically within the side wall. the upper part of the tube or cavity opening at the upper part of the tank, and the lower part of the tube or cavity extending along the bottom of the tank;
This is a composting device that has an opening along the bottom of the tank that faces into the tank, a heat exchanger installed at the top of the tank, and water that circulates inside the heat exchanger.

The composting device according to this invention will be explained as follows based on the drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 each show an example of a composting apparatus according to this invention, in which A is a vertical sectional view and B is a horizontal sectional view.
3 to 5 are vertical sectional views showing another example of the composting apparatus according to the invention. 6 to 9 are partially cutaway perspective views showing an example of the ventilation cap used in this invention. Figure 10 shows
It is a partially cutaway perspective view showing yet another example of the composting device according to the invention. Figures 11 to 13
The figure is a diagram schematically showing how the composting device according to the invention is used.

In FIG. 1, a lid 11, a side wall 12 and a bottom 1
3, an exhaust port 14 is provided at the top of the tank 1, and an air supply port 15 is provided at the bottom. A tube 2 is provided upright along the inner surface of a side wall 12 of this tank 1. The upper part of the pipe 2 opens at the upper part of the tank 1 and serves as an air suction port 21. The lower part of the tube 2 is the bottom 13
An air outlet 22 extending along the bottom 13 and opening toward the inside of the tank 1 is provided in a portion along the bottom 13. A heat exchanger 3 is provided at the top of the tank 1 . The heat exchanger 3 is designed to be able to circulate water. What is constructed in this way is the composting apparatus a according to this invention.

In the above composting device, the lid 11, the side wall 12
The bottom 13 is made of a strong material such as concrete or reinforced synthetic resin. A gasket 1 is attached to the joint between the lid 11 and the side wall 12 or between the side wall 12 and the bottom 13.
It is desirable to insert 6. Further, at least one of the lid 11 and the side wall 12 can be opened and closed, so that waste can be input and compost can be taken out from there. It is desirable that the air supply port 15 be attached to a pipe 17 leading to the outside of the tank.

It is desirable that a large number of pipes 2 be installed upright and connected to each other. It is desirable that the connection be made at a portion along the bottom 13 and that an air outlet 22 be provided at the connection portion.

As the heat exchanger 3, in addition to the illustrated finned tube, a meandering tube, a tank with a ventilation tube, etc. may be used. In the case of a finned tube, the fins may be either disk-shaped or spiral-shaped. When installing multiple finned tubes,
As illustrated, common reservoirs 33 and 34 can be provided between the water supply pipe 31 and the finned pipe, and between the finned pipe and the drain pipe 32, respectively. Furthermore, when the finned tubes are provided close to each other, it is desirable to provide the hood 4 between the finned tubes and the side wall 12. When the hood 4 is provided, it is desirable that the air suction port 21 be opened above the hood 4. As the hood 4, a heat-resistant hard plastic plate (for example, vinyl chloride), a fiber-reinforced thermosetting resin plate, or a metal plate is used.

In addition, a water sprinkler 5 can be provided at the upper part of the tank. The water sprinkler 5 is made of a synthetic resin pipe (for example, a hard vinyl chloride pipe) or a metal pipe.

What is shown in FIG. 1 is one typical embodiment of the composting apparatus according to this invention. This invention also includes various modifications thereof. Examples of changes will be explained below.

In the composting apparatus b according to this invention shown in FIG. 2, the heat exchanger 3 is composed of a large number of U-shaped bent tubes. At the base of the U-shaped bent tube, the tube end is inserted into a short tube 35 fixed to a reservoir 33 or 34, and is fixed by fitting a ring packing 36 and a cap nut 37. In addition, the side wall 12
can be opened and closed by a hinge 18.

In the composting apparatus c according to this invention shown in FIG.
It extends upward to cover the heat exchanger 3, and has a slight gap in the center.
By doing so, there is an advantage that the heat exchanger 3 and the heated air are better in contact with each other, and the efficiency of heat exchange is improved.

In the composting apparatus d according to this invention shown in FIG. 4, the upper end of the hood 4 is fixed to the tube wall of the heat exchanger 3. If this is done, the heat of the hood 4 is transferred to the heat exchanger, so an advantage is obtained that the efficiency of heat exchange is improved.

In the composting apparatus e according to this invention shown in FIG. 5, instead of erecting a pipe along the inner surface of the side wall, a cavity 6 is formed inside the side wall and extends in the vertical direction. An air suction port 61 that opens into the tank 1 is bored in the upper part of the cavity 6 . The lower part of the cavity 6 extends along the inside of the bottom 13, and the tank 1 is located along the bottom 13.
Inwardly directed air outlets 62 are provided. As the heat exchanger 3, a tank equipped with a large number of vent pipes 38 is used. Water is circulated in the tank, and ventilation pipe 3
The air passing through 8 exchanges heat.

When providing the air outlet 62, as shown in the figure, it is preferable to provide a raised part on the upper surface of the bottom and form a hole in the side surface of the raised part to form the air outlet, since the hole is less likely to become clogged. Alternatively, the air outlet may be provided facing upward, and a ventilation cap shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 may be removably covered thereon. The cap 63a shown in FIG. 6 is a cylindrical cylinder with a hole formed therein, and the upper end is closed with a conical lid. The cap 63b shown in FIG. 7 is a cylinder bent into a U-shape. The cap 63c shown in FIG. 8 is a double cylinder with a ceiling and a hole bored in the side surface. The cap 63d shown in FIG. 9 is a gutter-shaped body turned upside down and a hole bored therein.

In the composting apparatus f according to this invention shown in FIG. 10, the tank 1 has a three-layer structure including a heat insulating material 19 (for example, closed-cell foam) between them. Also,
As the heat exchanger 3, a meandering tube is used.
As the meandering pipe, a metal pipe made of stainless steel, copper (including plated one), lead, etc., a plastic pipe made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, etc., or a plastic-coated metal pipe is used. Furthermore, bottom 1
A perforated plate 7 is provided above 3. The perforated plate 7 facilitates the removal of the compost.

The composting device according to this invention is used as follows. In FIG. 1, first, organic waste is placed in a tank 1. It is convenient to compression mold the waste into bricks in advance. Next, water is sprinkled from the water sprinkler 5 to moisten the waste, and if necessary, the waste is heated and fermented. As a result, fermentation heat is generated and hot air rises in the tank. This heat is extracted by passing water through the heat exchanger 3. Regarding heat exchange,
Since the slanted hood 4 guides hot air toward the heat exchanger 3, heat exchange is performed efficiently. The heat-exchanged air enters the tube from the air suction port 21 of the tube 2, pushed by the rising air current, descends inside the tube, and is ejected from the air jet port 22. The ejected air receives fermentation heat again and rises. As fermentation progresses, carbon dioxide gas accumulates in the tank 1, so fresh air is introduced from the air supply port 15 and air rich in carbon dioxide gas is discharged from the exhaust port 14. For feeding or discharging, it is desirable to use a blower, fan, compressor, etc. It is advantageous that the exhaust port 14 and the air supply port 15 can be opened and closed by valves, dampers, etc., and air can be introduced and discharged quickly. Moreover, it is preferable that air containing carbon dioxide gas be supplied into the greenhouse and used by plants.

In this way, the water passing through the heat exchanger is heated and hot water is obtained. The temperature of the hot water is suitably about 20 to 40°C, preferably about 25°C. This hot water is circulated by a pump to a greenhouse where vegetables and the like are grown, for example, and is used as a heat source. Appropriate circulation speed is about 10/min. As shown in Figure 11, hot water can be used in composting equipment a.
There are cases where the composting device a is placed outside the greenhouse g and only hot water is sent into the greenhouse, and cases where the composting device a is installed inside the greenhouse as shown in Figures 12 and 13. This is preferable because it causes less loss. When hot water is sent to the field, there are cases where it is sent directly as shown in FIG. 11, and cases where it is stored once in a heat storage tank h as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Furthermore, the heat storage tank h can be installed in series with the composting device as shown in FIG. 12, or can be installed separately as shown in FIG. 13.

In the composting device according to this invention, the pipes are installed upright along the inner surface of the side wall, or a cavity is formed in the side wall that extends in the vertical direction, so the pipe or cavity can be used as a circulation path for the air in the tank. . Since the upper part of the tube or cavity is opened at the upper part of the tank, the air from the upper part is naturally drawn into the tube or cavity by the rising air current in the tank. Furthermore, since the lower part of the tube or cavity is extended along the tank bottom and an opening facing into the tank is provided in the part along the tank bottom, the air taken into the tube or cavity is naturally blown out from near the bottom. Therefore, the air in the tank circulates naturally and efficiently. Furthermore, a heat exchanger was installed at the top of the tank, and water was circulated within the heat exchanger, so heat could be exchanged between the air and water, which was charged with fermentation heat, and the heat could be transferred to the hot water. It can be taken out efficiently. The device of this invention has significant advantages as mentioned above.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 show an example of the composting device of this invention, A is a vertical sectional view, B is a horizontal sectional view, and FIGS. 3 to 5 are other examples of the composting device of this invention. A vertical sectional view showing one example, FIGS. 6 to 9 are partially cutaway perspective views showing an example of the ventilation cap used in this invention, and FIG. 10 shows yet another example of the composting device of this invention. The partially cutaway perspective views of FIGS. 11 to 13 are diagrams schematically showing how the composting apparatus of this invention is used. In each figure, a to f are the composting device of this invention, g is the greenhouse, h is the heat storage tank, 1 is the tank, 2 is the pipe,
3 is a heat exchanger, 4 is a hood, 5 is a water sprinkler, 6 is a cavity, 7 is a perforated plate, 11 is a lid, 12 is a side wall, 1
3 is the bottom, 14 is the exhaust port, 15 is the air supply port, 16 is the gasket, 17 is the pipe, 18 is the hinge, 19 is the insulation material,
21 is an air inlet, 22 is an air outlet, 31 is a water supply pipe, 32 is a drain pipe, 33 and 34 are accumulations,
35 is a short pipe, 36 is a ring packing, 37 is a cap nut, 38 is a ventilation pipe, 61 is an air suction port, 62 is an air outlet, and 63a to 63d are ventilation caps.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] In a composting device that has an exhaust port and an air supply port at the top and bottom of a covered tank, a pipe is installed upright along the inner surface of the side wall, or a cavity is formed in the side wall that extends in the vertical direction, and the pipe or cavity is The upper part of the tube or cavity is opened at the upper part of the tank, the lower part of the tube or cavity is extended along the tank bottom, an opening is provided along the tank bottom facing into the tank, and a heat exchanger is installed at the top of the tank to perform heat exchange. A composting device that circulates water inside the container.