JPS61196681A - Image signal converter - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a flag waving effect with a simple configuration, by executing a picture conversion operation corresponding to the flag waving movements in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction for input picture and a picture conversion operation corresponding to a flag waving movement in the depth direction against a plane in both corresponding directions. CONSTITUTION:By executing the picture conversion arithmetic in the horizontal and vertical directions, to an input picture data IND that a horizontal-vertical direction arithmetic circuit 1 is composed, as shown in Fig. A, of an input picture IM11 on an xy plane as shown in Fig. B, the input image IM11 displaces in the x1, y1 plane from a fixed edge so as to wave in the y-axial direction, a half tone picture IM'' is obtained so that the corresponding displacement DELTAy comes to wave increasing the amplitude in the x axial direction, a picture is processed by cylinder winding conversion by a depth direction arithmetic circuit 2, and as shown in C, an output picture data OUD composed of an output picture IM15 on an XY plane composed varying a right-side edge part of the picture IM12 in the depth direction by the cylinder winding conversion processing can be obtd. This data OUD is added to the waving effect on a display screen in terms of the sight, and the waving effect is also obtained in the depth direction.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention will be explained in the following order.

A. Industrial field of application B. Outline of the invention C. Conventional technology Problems to be solved by the invention E. Means for solving the problems F. Effects G. Example (G1) Modeling of image conversion (Fig. 2~ Figure 6) (G2
) Image signal conversion device (Figs. 1 and 7 to 1θ) Horizontal-vertical calculation circuit Depth direction calculation circuit Operation of image signal conversion device (G3) Other embodiments H Effects of the invention A Industrial application FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an image signal conversion device, and is suitable for application to, for example, a special effects device for television broadcasting stations.

B. Summary of the Invention The present invention performs an image conversion operation that makes an input image correspond to a flag-flattering motion in the horizontal and vertical directions, and a method that makes an input image correspond to a flag-flattering motion in the depth direction with respect to the horizontal and vertical planes. By executing the image conversion calculation, it is possible to convert the output image into an output image that has the effect of a flashing flag.

C. Prior Art This type of special effects device converts a standard television system image signal into a digital signal, which is configured to display a single rectangular flat image on the display surface of a display. After that, the data is sequentially written to predetermined address locations in the input image memory, and the written data is read out by accessing the data in an order that is changed as necessary from the written order. When the output image data is displayed on the rask display screen, a screen with a special effect created by geometrically changing the image of the input image data is displayed.

A read address signal for the input image memory is generated by converting the input image address of the input image data as necessary in a read address conversion circuit.

D Problems to be Solved by the Invention The conventional continuous address conversion circuit is based on the idea of converting input image data, which is originally configured to generate a flat screen, into a three-dimensional curved surface. Curved surface data representing dimensional spatial positions is stored in advance, and input image data is mapped onto a 3-dimensional curved surface using this 3-dimensional curved surface data, and calculations such as seeing through the plane are performed using software. A method that is realized by a computational means is used.

However, this method not only requires a large-scale memory as a storage means to store three-dimensional curved surface data, but also requires software to sequentially perform conversion calculations into three-dimensional space for the large number of pixels that make up the displayed image. Since it is necessary to perform the process in a consistent manner, the amount of software calculation becomes enormous, and the overall structure of the special effects apparatus inevitably becomes large and complicated.

In particular, we create a screen that converts the screen displayed based on input image data into a screen that looks like it is wrapped around a curved surface with a three-dimensional double-winged shape, and that changes this screen from time to time as time passes. When trying to obtain special effects, it is unavoidable that the structure of the special effects device becomes larger than practical limits. An image signal conversion device that can obtain the following is desirable.

The present invention has been made with the above points in mind. In particular, it creates an effect that makes a flat screen formed by input image data appear as if one end is fluttering over time, like a flag fluttering in the wind. This image signal conversion device converts the screen into a screen with a "flash of flags" effect (this is called a "flash of a flag" effect), thereby making it possible to significantly downsize the configuration of the special effects device compared to the conventional case. This is what we are trying to propose.

E Means for Solving the Problem In order to solve this problem, the present invention converts the pixel arrangement of input image data consisting of pixel data for pixels arranged two-dimensionally in the horizontal and vertical directions. In the image signal conversion device configured to obtain output image data, a first calculation means 1 executes an image conversion calculation by making the human image data IND correspond to flag-flattering movements in the horizontal and vertical directions; A second calculation means 2 is provided which executes an image conversion calculation by making the input image data correspond to the flag-flipping movement in the depth direction with respect to the horizontal and vertical planes.

The fluttering motion of the F-effect flag can be modeled into a flag-flattering motion in the horizontal and vertical planes, and a flag-flattering motion in the depth direction with respect to the plane. In accordance with such modeling, the present invention executes an image conversion operation such as displacing each pixel of input image data in the horizontal and vertical directions by the first calculation means 1, and In contrast, the second calculation means 2 performs an image conversion calculation on the movement in the depth direction.

G example An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

The image signal conversion device according to the present invention models the positional relationship on the screen of each image of input image data and output image data basically based on the method shown in FIG.

(Gl) Modeling of image transformation As shown in Figure 2, consider an input image IMI consisting of pixels expressed by coordinates (X, y) on the xy plane. When we consider that a fixed state is made to move as if fluttering in the wind, the input image IMI
It is thought that the motion is a combination of the second motion in the depth direction perpendicular to the Xy plane on the paper and the motion on the xy plane.

First, regarding the movement in the depth direction with respect to the xy plane, the right edge FR is fixed to the ball and does not move, whereas the left edge FL, which is not fixed, moves alternately upward or downward in the depth direction. Exercise. Therefore, if this movement could be realized by calculation, it would be possible to transform the image so that it appears to move in a way that approximates the fluttering of a flag.

Such movement can be easily approximated by converting the input image IMI into a cylindrical wrapper. In other words, the cylindrical wrapping transformation is performed on the upper surface of the input image IMI (
A cylinder with radius r is placed on the so-called front surface) or the lower surface (so-called back surface), and image conversion is performed such that the left line portion FL of the input image IMI is wrapped around the outer surface of this cylinder, and this cylinder EN is placed on the xy plane. move along.

In this way, when looking at the input image IMI from the side, the fourth
As shown in the figure, as the cylinder EN moves in the direction of the right edge FR, the left edge portion FL wrapped around the cylinder EN
gradually becomes larger and larger. Conversely, if the cylinder EN is moved in the direction of the left side line portion FL, the amount of winding up of the left side edge portion FL becomes smaller.

Therefore, if the cylinder EN is moved back and forth in a predetermined range on the xy plane and the winding direction of the left edge portion FL is alternately switched upward or downward, the input image IM
The left side edge of I is rolled up and down alternately from its position on the xy plane, thus making it appear as if the flag were being rolled up in the depth direction when viewed from the y plane (in the direction along the page in Figure 4).
It can be converted into an image that looks like it is fluttering.

In this way, the cylinder EN around which the left edge portion FL of the input image IMI is wrapped is defined by its central axis CN and the input image IMI.
If the slope θ of is continuously changed over time,
As shown in FIG. 5, the central axis CN is at positions ficN and C.
N, so that the flag flying patterns at the top and bottom of the left edge portion FL can be made to differ from each other, and thus the flag flying pattern on the left side edge portion FL can be visually more closely approximated to the flag flying pattern. The converted image IM2 that can be
+ Can be formed on a flat surface.

In this way, the movement in the depth direction with respect to the xy plane can be modeled, but in addition to this, the input image IMI
By moving two-dimensionally within the xy plane,
This can be converted into an output image that moves more closely to the visual inspiration.

That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the position of each pixel constituting the human-powered image IMI is displaced in the y-axis direction as it moves toward the left-hand line portion FL with the right-hand line FR of the input image IMI as a reference. This displacement is made to represent a sinusoidal wave with respect to the change in the X-axis direction, and the amplitude of the wave is gradually increased toward the tip of the left line portion FL, as shown by the envelope virtual line ENV. Go.

In this way, the position of each pixel constituting the input image IM1 will gradually undulate as it goes from the right side line FR to the left side line part FL in the X-axis direction, and the undulation will be caused by the fixed right side line FR. It is possible to form a transformed image IM3 on the Xox Y ox plane by displacing the input image IMI in the y-axis direction so as to undulate it in the direction of the left line portion FT.

(G2) Image signal conversion device The image signal conversion device has a configuration that realizes the procedure modeled in this way. That is, as shown in FIG.
supply to. This horizontal-vertical open calculation circuit 1 executes an image conversion operation according to the model for the horizontal and vertical movement of the input image IMI described above with reference to FIG. The IM is supplied to the depth direction calculation circuit 2.

The depth direction calculation circuit 2 executes an image conversion calculation according to the modeling of the movement in the depth direction of the input image IMI described above with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5, and generates output image data OUD.
Send out.

As shown in FIG. 7(A), the horizontal-vertical calculation circuit 1 receives an input image Mll having a width in the horizontal direction as human image data IND, and then Expression%Execute the calculation of expression%(1).

Thus, the position of the pixel at the coordinates (x, y) of the human image IMI 1 is the coordinate (XI, yt), as shown in FIG. 7(B).
) is converted to In equation (2), Δy is expressed by the following equation % (3), which is the displacement amount that changes the value of the coordinate y in the y-axis direction of input image IMI 1 according to the value of the X-axis and the passage of time. represents.

In equation (3), the second term represents that the displacement Δy fluctuates in a sinusoidal waveform from the value of X=O to the value of the screen width, and the first term C1・□... ...(5) represents the envelope ENV of the undulating sine wave.

Here, CI represents the maximum value of the amplitude of the displacement amount Δy, and when x=D (that is, the leftmost position W of the input image IM11
) indicates that the value of the envelope E'NV becomes CI.

Furthermore, the term 2πx/D represents the wave number of waves in the X-axis direction of the intermediate image IM12 converted to the XI 3'l plane, and the value X of the X coordinate of the input image IMI1 is 0≦X≦D.・・・・・・
While changing from O to D as in (6), from 0 to 2π
This shows that the width of the intermediate image T M 1.2 is selected to be equivalent to one cycle of the undulating sine wave.

In addition, 2πt represents that as time t passes, the amount of displacement Δy at each value in the X-axis direction changes by one period of the sine wave when time t changes from 0 to 1. In this way, the change in displacement Δy changes from O to 1 at time t.
During the change, the wave equivalent to one wave changes from X, = O to XI
= represents progressing in the direction of D.

As a result, the output terminal of the horizontal-vertical direction calculation circuit 1 has the seventh
Intermediate image data IM consisting of an intermediate image IM12 with coordinates represented by (x+% y+) shown in FIG.
The converted image is displaced in the y-axis direction to draw a sine wave whose envelope ENV increases as it increases in size, and the sine wave moves in the x-axis direction as time passes. Become.

Such a converted image can achieve a visual effect that makes it appear as if the flag is flying in a vertical plane from the position where it is fixed to the ball toward the tip.

The depth direction calculation circuit 2 receives the intermediate image data 1M consisting of the intermediate image IMI 2 described above with respect to FIG. 7(B), and performs the image conversion calculation in the depth direction shown in FIG. Execute.

That is, the depth direction calculation circuit 2 determines the cylinder EN to be wrapped, as shown in FIG. An operation is performed such that the image is tilted by an angle θ and brought into contact with the intermediate image data IMIZ. In addition,
In FIG. 8(A), the intermediate image IMI2 having the wave envelope ENV described above with respect to FIG. 7(B) is depicted as a rectangular intermediate image IM21.

In FIG. 8(A), the central axis CN of the cylinder EN is inclined, for example, by an angle of 10 clockwise with respect to the y-axis direction,
The position of the coordinates (Xo, yo) of the center position P1 is XI
It is displaced by KO and yo with respect to the coordinates (OlO) of the origin po of the 3'I plane.

Of the intermediate image IMI 2, the screen part that should be wrapped around the cylinder EN is only the screen part OGI (shown with diagonal lines) on the left side of the central axis CN of the cylinder EN, and it is considered that it is fixed to the ball. The screen part on the right edge side OG
2 is not wound around the cylinder EN.

The intermediate image IM12 forming the content of the intermediate image data IM supplied to the depth direction calculation circuit 2 in this way is the cylinder E.
The screen portion OG1 is divided into a screen portion OG1 that is wrapped around N, and a screen portion OG2 that is not wrapped, and each screen portion OGl and OG2 is subjected to image conversion calculation processing in different procedures.

In other words, the intermediate image IM12 then moves the central axis CN of the cylinder EN to y2 on the x2y2 plane, as shown in FIG. 8(B).
In order to match the axis, a parallel translation transformation and a rotation transformation are performed to convert the intermediate image IMI3 on the X2>'2 plane, thereby rotating the intermediate image IM12 counterclockwise by 10 degrees, and An intermediate image IMI 3 is obtained by performing translational transformation by the coordinates (xo, yo). After that, as shown in FIG. 8(C), the intermediate image IMI
The intermediate image IM on the
Converted to I4. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8(D), the center point PI of the cylinder EN is moved to the intermediate image TM12 (FIG. 8(D)).
Rotate the intermediate image TMI 4 clockwise by 10 so as to return it to the original position in A)), and perform a translation transformation operation to align the origin P0 of the intermediate image IMI 4 with the origin on the XY plane. In this way, it is converted into an output image IMI 5 on the XY plane as shown in FIG. 8(D).

As a result of such arithmetic processing, the screen portion OG2 of the intermediate image IMI2 input to the depth direction calculation circuit 2 has its coordinates rotated counterclockwise by 10 in FIG. 8(B), and then In FIG. 8(C), the coordinates are not subjected to any transformation processing, but in FIG. 8(D), the coordinates are subjected to a transformation calculation such that they are rotated clockwise by one θ, and as a result, the screen in the output image IM15 is The coordinates of the portion OG2 will have the same coordinates as the coordinates of the input intermediate image IMI2. Therefore, the intermediate image IM1 to the coordinates (X, Y) of the output image IMI5 on the XY plane in FIG. 8(D)
The conversion formula for the coordinates (X, y) of 2 is expressed by the following formula.

On the other hand, the screen part OG has the coordinates (XOlyo)
, and is rotated counterclockwise by +θ (Fig. 8 (B)), then transformed into a cylindrical winding (Fig. 8 (C)), and then rotationally transformed by 1 θ clockwise. At the same time, the coordinates (Xo, yo) are translated in parallel. Therefore, when the coordinates (X+, yt) of a pixel in the screen portion OGI of the intermediate image IM12 on the X+ Yr plane are expressed as values relative to the reference position (xo, yo), the position of each pixel on the output image IM15 is Wt (x, Y
) is expressed by the following formula. Here, the second term is the intermediate image TM12 due to the cylindrical wrapping conversion in FIG. 8(C).
The upper coordinates (xl, yI) represent the amount of movement caused by nonlinear compression. In addition, R"(θ) is a rotation matrix, which means that the screen is rotated counterclockwise by 10 times, and is expressed as follows. After such rotation processing, a cylindrical wrapping transformation is performed in the X-axis direction. This can be realized by a one-dimensional nonlinear compression operation. Also, R'' (-θ) means that the coordinates before conversion are rotated by one θ in the clockwise direction, and is expressed as follows. In this way, the screen portion OG1 after nonlinear compression returns to its original rotational position.

Furthermore, the second matrix represents that nonlinear compression transformation has been performed, and F is obtained by multiplying this by the value of the X coordinate before transformation, X2. represents a value. Here, r indicates the radius of the cylinder EN (FIG. 8) used for nonlinear compression.

The nonlinear compression calculation formula (12) can be obtained using the relationship shown in FIG. That is, Fig. 8 (B
) A cylinder EN with radius r is placed on the Xz Yz plane so as to be in contact with the y-axis, and the screen portion OGI
When wrapped, the screen portion OG1 on the x2y2 plane
If the coordinate x2 of is moved to the position of the angle φ (rad) on the cylinder EN, this position is viewed from the coordinates on the X33'z plane as X3 = r-sinφ...
・It becomes (13). Wound in the range of bidirectional angle π/2 <X2
3'! Intermediate image on a plane ■ Length of M13 in the X-axis direction π
Since it is r/2, there is a relationship as follows, and the angle φ becomes φ-□...(15), and by substituting this equation (15) into equation (13), we get (12)
The formula is obtained.

Furthermore, the fourth matrix in the second term of equation (8) is 2k (Fig. 8 (
B)) indicates that it has been subjected to non-linear compression transformation (FIG. 8(C)). As a result, the coordinates of the reference position 1tP1 on the XI yI plane (xo, yo) (Figure 8 (A))
will come to a position that coincides with the origin (0,0) of the transformed X3)'3 plane (FIG. 8(C)).

According to the image signal converter having the configuration shown in FIG.
By performing the horizontal and vertical image conversion operations described above with respect to FIG. 7 on the input image data IND consisting of FIG. 0 (A)), the input image TMI 1 is converted to , an intermediate image on the XI Y+ plane in which the displacement Δy fluctuates in the y-axis direction from one fixed edge in the XI Y+ plane while increasing the amplitude in the X-axis direction. IM12 is obtained, and this intermediate image TMI2 is subjected to the cylindrical winding conversion process as described above with reference to FIG.
Output image data OU D consisting of an output image IMI 5 on the XY plane can be obtained by changing the right edge portion of I 2 in the depth direction by cylindrical winding conversion processing. The output image data OUD obtained in this way is
Visual - In addition to the flag-flattering effect in the horizontal and vertical directions of the old display screen, it is possible to obtain a flag-flattering effect in the depth direction of the display screen, so it looks as if you are looking at a flag fluttering in the wind. It is possible to achieve the inspiration effect of a trip like this.

(G3) Other Embodiments In the above-mentioned embodiment, as shown in FIG. The conversion calculation is performed, and the intermediate image data IM representing the calculation result is used by the depth direction calculation circuit 2 to perform the image conversion calculation regarding flag flashing in the depth direction. Even if the order of the conversion calculations in the depth direction is reversed, the same effect as in the above case can be obtained.

Further, when performing conversion calculations in the horizontal and vertical directions and conversion calculations in the depth direction, clipping of the output image may be prevented by performing image reduction processing as necessary.

H Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, image conversion is performed by combining the flag flashing of the image in the horizontal and vertical directions and the flag flashing of the image in the depth direction on the display screen of the display. By doing so, it is possible to easily obtain an image signal converting device that can realize an output image having a "flag flashing effect" that is extremely similar to the flashing of a flag.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the single side of the image signal conversion device according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a route map showing an input image, and Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are flag markings in the depth direction of the image. Figure 6 is a route map for explaining the modeling of conversion; Figure 6 is a route map for explaining the modeling of horizontal and vertical flag flying of images; Figure 7 is a route map for explaining horizontal and vertical image conversion operations. Figure 8 is a route map for explaining the image conversion calculation in the depth direction, Figure 9 is a route map for explaining the cylindrical wrapping conversion process, and Figure 10 is the signal of each part of the image conversion device in Figure 1. It is a route map showing an image. ■・・・Horizontal-vertical direction calculation circuit, 2・・・・・・
・Depth direction calculation circuit.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In an image signal conversion device that obtains output image data by converting the pixel arrangement of input image data consisting of pixel data about pixels arranged two-dimensionally in the horizontal and vertical directions, a) a first calculation means that performs an image conversion operation by making the input image data correspond to flag-flattering movements in the horizontal and vertical directions; (b) converting the input image data into horizontal and vertical planes; 2. An image signal conversion device comprising: second calculation means for performing an image conversion calculation in response to a flag-flipping movement in the depth direction. (2) Claim 1, wherein the first calculation means executes a calculation that causes a displacement of the sine wave function in the vertical direction and causes the sine wave to wave in the horizontal direction as time passes. The image signal conversion device described in . (3) The image signal conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the second calculation means executes a cylindrical wrapping conversion calculation on the image data to be converted.