JPS6118939A - Method and device for projecting film for television cinematography - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain television pictures with high resolution by reproducing a film which is photographed with the same number of frames with television in synchronism with vertical synchronizing signals of television, and photographing it through a telecamera for cinematography. CONSTITUTION:The cinefilm photographed with the same number 30 of frames with television is reproduced by a projector 1 and photographed by the telecamera T1 for cinematography. The driving signal F1 of the projector 1 is generated by a driving signal generating part 2 which performing phase control 22 over the signal obtained by separating vertical synchronizing signals of television from a television monitor T2 and performing amplification 21, passing the resulting signal through an LPF23, and performing voltage control 24 and frequency dividing operations 25 and 26, and the driving signal is sent to a motor control driving amplification part 3 to drive the motor M of the projector 1. Frame bars of the film are normally formed on the television monitor T2, so a changeover switch circuit 5 is operated to impress the signal F2 of an adjusting oscillator 4 different from the signal F1, and the frame bars are moved vertically until they are expelled from the effective screen to return to the signal F1. Thus, the picture quality is improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for projecting a movie when a movie film is reproduced and projected so as to be photographed with a cine television camera.

(Prior art) As is well known, in Japan's AREJIN-17 broadcasting that uses the NTSC system, 30 images are sent per second.
Cinematography and projection is performed at 24 frames per second, so when a movie film is to be reproduced and projected for filming with a cine television camera, a special movie projector is generally used.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) This movie projector for television is used in a system that shoots images at 30 images per second, such as in Japan.
In order to convert 24 frames per second into 30 images (30 frames), a so-called 2-3 intermittent system (pull-down system) mechanism must be provided. This 2-3 intermittent method is used to scrape off the film and release the shutter at each frame of the movie film.
The field and 3 fields are repeated alternately.
This synchronizes the film projection with the television frame, which is 60 scans with 30 images interlaced (1:2). That is, as shown in Figure 5, the film frame is scraped off alternately at 1/30 seconds and 1/20 seconds, and this is repeated alternately in 2nd and 3rd fields using a shutter, and at this time the shutter is used to block light. The TV is scanned at a period of 1/60 second in response to each moment the film is exposed.In principle, a short period of irradiation is performed while the film is stationary, and then A method is used to generate video signals by scanning the charge accumulated in the image pickup tube caused by shutter light blocking.

Therefore, since the projector in this case is equipped with a shutter and scraping mechanism that are more irregular than normal ones, it is a complex mechanism that is expensive to manufacture, is prone to breakdowns, and is difficult to use on the TV side. However, the scanning method described above has the decisive disadvantage that the screen becomes dark and the resolution of the image is poor.

Furthermore, in recent high-definition television broadcasting, when broadcasting TV movies, the number of scans using interlaced scanning (1:4) is doubled, as shown in Figure 5 again.
Correspondingly, it is expected that the number of shutter interruptions will also double, and the shutter mechanism of film projectors will therefore become more complex than conventional ones. Since video tape recorders and video tape recorders are larger than normal ones, it is impossible to easily use them outdoors, let alone in studios, and in the future, recording and artistic film will be broadcast more than ever. The above-mentioned inconveniences are even more so as they are expected to be used frequently, and there is a desire to improve them.

On the other hand, since a film camera can operate at a rate of about 120 frames per second, the inventor set the number of frames for film shooting to be the same as the number of frames for television, and also the number of frames for projection. It was considered that the number of frames would be 30 per second. According to this film shooting projection system,
Experiments have shown that screen resolution can be greatly improved and screen wobbling can be reduced, making it possible to obtain image quality with much higher resolution than 24-frame shooting and projection. However, in this case, although each screen of the film numerically corresponds to each image plane of the TV, there is a phase difference between the TV image and the film screen, that is, a frame bar appears in the TV screen and stops, and next time encountered the problem of having to eliminate this phase difference.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The basic configuration of the present invention is to synchronize the shooting and projection of the movie film with the number of frames on the TV when the movie film is reproduced and projected for shooting with a cine television camera. In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, in a series of processes, the number of projection frames of the projector was made equal to the number of frames of the television, and the frame bar of the projection film existing on the image surface of the television monitor was changed by electrical or mechanical means. The frame bar is moved outside the effective screen by the phase difference changing means, and the frame bar located outside the effective screen is fixed at that position.

That is, the electric means in the phase difference changing means is a movie projector that is equipped with a projector drive signal generation section and a motor control drive amplification section that receives a drive signal from the drive signal generation section and performs drive control, Furthermore, while synchronizing the drive signal of the drive signal generation section with a vertical synchronization signal or a vertical drive signal extracted from a video signal on the television camera side, the drive signal and the frame bar are activated in the motor control drive amplification section. The signal from the frame adjustment oscillator to be transferred to the outside of the screen is selectively selected.Mechanical means, on the other hand, is used when a power synchronous motor is used as the drive source of the projector. The frame bar is moved and fixed by changing the mounting angle of the motor with respect to the axial direction of the motor.

(Function) Therefore, in the present invention, the number of frames of film projection is the same as the number of frames of television, and if there is a frame bar of the projection film on the image plane of the television monitor, that is, the frame of the projection and the frame of the television camera. If there is a phase difference between the motor and This moves the frame bar within the effective screen to outside the effective screen, and at the same time selects a signal that is synchronized with the TV drive signal again, and then controls the drive of the projector in a normal one-to-one correspondence. In addition, in the mechanical means, the angle at which the motor is mounted is changed with respect to the axial direction of the motor without looking at the television monitor, and the frame bar is thereby moved and fixed.

(Example) The present invention will be explained below according to the illustrated example.
FIG. 1 is a projector drive circuit diagram when a cine television camera TI is placed opposite a movie projector using a DC motor to reproduce and project a film. , a motor control drive amplification section 3 that receives the drive signal Fl of the drive signal generation section 2 and performs drive control.
, a frame adjustment oscillator 4 serving as a fine adjustment oscillator, and a changeover switch circuit 5 for switching the signals F1 and F2.

The projector drive signal generation section 2 synchronizes the drive signal F1 generated thereby with a vertical synchronization signal or a vertical drive signal extracted from the video signal on the television camera Tl side, and is configured to synchronize the drive signal F1 generated thereby with the vertical synchronization signal or vertical drive signal extracted from the video signal on the TV camera Tl side. 22, low pass filter 23, voltage control oscillator 24 and frequency divider 25
The frequency divider 2B is connected between the phase control circuit 22 and the voltage control oscillator 24. In the embodiment, the drive signal Fl is set to 750H2.

On the other hand, the motor control drive amplification section 3 includes a phase control circuit 31.
In addition to having a low-pass filter 32 and a motor drive amplifier 33, the phase control circuit 31 includes a rotation pulse generator 34.
It is composed of:

The frame adjustment oscillator 4 is connected to the motor control drive amplification section 3, and makes the signal F2 generated from this oscillator 4 have a different frequency from the drive signal F1.
1 and F2 can be selected alternatively. In other words, what is the signal F2 for the drive signal F1 of 750H2? B
OH2, a changeover switch circuit 5 is provided, and the drive signal F1 is normally connected, and if necessary, the signal F2 is connected when the switch circuit 5 is closed.
When the switch circuit 5 is opened, the drive signal Fl is instantaneously connected.

More specifically, in the projector drive signal generation section 2,
The BOD5 signal sent out from the synchronous separation amplifier circuit 21 is input to the phase control circuit 22, and in complete synchronization with this phase control, the voltage control oscillator 24 emits a frequency of 12,000H2. That is, the oscillation frequency of 12,000H2 is changed to 1/200, 80H2, by the frequency divider 28 and inputted again to the phase control circuit 22, so that the input and output frequencies match and the phase is locked. The oscillation frequency of 12,0OOH2, which is completely synchronized in this way, is 1/1 by the frequency divider 25.
The drive signal Fl is 16 750H2.

In this example, a 30-rotation DC motor M is equipped with a disk 35 having 25 holes, The phase is locked by transmitting a drive signal of 750H2 by generating a rotation pulse that photoelectrically detects the hole. This synchronizes the film projection with the number of frames on the television.

The switch circuit 5 is constituted by a switch circuit consisting of a NAND gate as shown in FIG. 2, for example. This circuit is made using four circuit ICs with HA) 10 gates.Fl is connected to input 1 of NAND-1, and a voltage of 5V is connected to input 1 of NAND-1 through a 10 kilohm resistor.
trNAND-1c7) Input 2 and NANII-3 input 1.2 and connect to ground via frame button S, while F2 is connected to input 2 of NAND-4.
The output of NAND-1 is connected to input 1 of NAND-2, and
The output of NAND-3 is connected to input 1 of HAND-4, the output of NAN low 4 is connected to input 2 of NAN[l-2, and the output of NAN II-2 becomes the circuit output of the switch circuit. It is.

That is, the switch circuit 5 is open circuit (frame button S
is open), a high level is applied to the input 2 of NAN row 1, and Fl is applied to the input l of NAN row 1, so the output of MAN row 1, that is, the input l of NAN II-2 is Fl. becomes. On the other hand, inputs 1 and 2 of WAND-3
is applied with a high level, and the output of HAND-3, that is, the input l of NAND-4, is inverted and becomes a low level, so that the output of NAND-4 becomes a high level. and,
In NAND -2, input 1 is Fl as described above, while input 2 is at high level, so MAN low 2
The output, that is, the circuit output is Fl.

In addition, when the switch circuit 5 is a closed circuit (frame button S is closed), the input 1 of NANII-1 and NANO-3
．． Since a low level is applied to IAND-2, the output of HAND-1, that is, the input l of HAND-2, and the output of WAND-3, that is, the input l of IAND-4 are inverted and become high level. Since the input 2 of this NAND-4 is F2, the output of HAND-4 is therefore F2. In HAND-2, input 1 is at high level as described above, while input 2 is at F2.

) The output of IAHD-2, that is, the circuit output is F2.

In this way, when the switch circuit is configured with only NAND gates, one type of element (4 circuits of NAND gates I
A circuit can be formed extremely simply by using C-numbers), and it can be connected instantly just by opening and closing a switch, that is, without any difference between F1,
It has the advantage of being able to switch F2.

Of course, other types of changeover switch circuits 5 may be used.

It goes without saying that the frame adjustment oscillator 4 may be provided in the motor control section motion amplifying section 3.

In addition, basically it is sufficient that the signal F2 is different from the signal F1, but according to the inventor's experiments, the signal F2 may be different from the signal F2, such as when the signal F1 is 750H2 (7) and the signal F2 is set to 780H2. It is preferable to set the frequency slightly higher than the signal F1.

Next, to explain the movie projection method of the present invention, the number of frames of the movie film to be shot is 30, which is equal to the number of images per second of a television, and the movie film is played back for shooting with the cine television camera T1. When projecting, the drive signal Fl of the projector drive signal generator 2 of the movie projector l is synchronized with the vertical synchronization signal or vertical drive signal extracted from the video signal on the TV T side, and this synchronization signal Fl is amplified by motor control drive. Normally, the frame bar of the projection film is present in the image on the television monitor T2, that is, the projection frame and the television cuff 6 camera, so the switch circuit 5 is closed. Then, the signal received by the drive amplifying section 3 is converted into the drive signal F! Switch to the frame adjustment oscillator signal F2, which has a different frequency. This results in
The synchronization of the movie projector l with the television camera Ti side is canceled, and the frame bar within the effective screen leaves its initial resting position and begins to move. After confirming that the frame bar has moved outside the effective screen on the TV monitor T2, that is, after eliminating the phase difference, open the switch circuit 5,
The signal received by the motor control drive amplification section 3 is switched again to the signal F1 synchronized with the TV drive signal. As a result, as shown in Figure 3, the film screen exhibits a normal one-to-one correspondence relationship with the television image, and one frame of the film becomes equal to one frame of the television, and from then on, it remains the same. The drive control of the projector is performed while maintaining the correspondence between the images. Therefore, interlaced scanning (1:2) in regular television and interlaced scanning (1:4) in high definition television.
Since scanning is done in accordance with the irradiation of the film, the resolution of the image is greatly improved. In this case, when using afterimage scanning, normal interlaced scanning (1:
In 2), a two-blade shutter (Fig. 6) is used, and in high-definition television interlaced scanning (1:4), a four-blade shutter (Fig. 7) is used.On the other hand, when using image scanning during irradiation, a normal interlaced shutter is used. Scanning (1:2) and also interlaced scanning (1:2) of high-definition television.
:0, by using a single-sheet shutter (FIG. 8) only when scraping off the film, it is possible to obtain a bright, high-resolution image as if the slide were photographed on television.

Further, when a power synchronous motor is used as the drive source of the projector I, the frame bar can be moved and fixed by changing the mounting angle of the motor with respect to the axial direction of the motor. That is, in reality, the frame bar of the projection film is present in the image on the TV monitor T2, so when looking at the TV monitor, the mounting angle of the motor is changed as described above, and the frame bar moves outside the effective screen. After confirming that the angle is correct, the motor is fixed at that angle.

In this case, the projector changes the rotational speed of the DC motor or induction motor using a servo system or a power synchronization system. Further, the gear ratio of the film feeding device of a normal general projection In (equally spaced two-sheet shutter) may be changed to be used for 3o frames, and the present invention may be applied thereto.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the film projection method according to the present invention. In this example, a film is projected onto the -H semi-transparent screen 6 by the film projection l111, and this is projected onto the television camera T1. This is to be photographed. This type of so-called screen process is often used in the background of moving scenes in television dramas, and in this case as well, as in the previous example, a movie projector l, a projector drive signal generator 2,
A motor control drive amplification section 3 receives the drive signal F1 of the drive signal generation section 2 and performs drive control, a frame adjustment transmitter 4, and the signals F1 and F are generated by opening and closing the frame button S.
The present invention is equipped with a changeover switch circuit 5 that performs two switching operations.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, in the electrical means of the phase difference changing means according to the present invention, position comparison signals F3. It is equipped with a comparison circuit 7 that determines whether F4 matches or does not match, and a changeover switch circuit 5 that receives the output signal from the comparison circuit 7 and switches between the signals F1 and F2 automatically changes the phase difference. It is composed of

The position comparison signal F3 extracted from the drive signal generating section 2 is derived from a television synchronization signal, and in this example is extracted from between the synchronization separation amplifier circuit 21 and the phase control circuit 22. This 80H2 signal is divided into 3 by the l/2 frequency divider 71.
After setting it to 0H2, the pulse shaping circuit 72 shapes it into a narrow pulse corresponding to the vertical blanking period, which is used as a position comparison signal for the television frame.

On the other hand, the position comparison signal F4 from the film side is transmitted from the drive system of the motor control drive amplification section 3, that is, in this example, from the disk 35.
It is taken out from. One hole 35b, which is different from the 25 holes 35a described above, is provided inside the disc 35 at a suitable location (the first
(Fig. 2), a rotational pulse generator 73 that photoelectrically detects the movement of the film emits a one-rotation l pulse, which is shaped into a narrow pulse by a pulse shaping circuit 74, which is then used to compare the film frame position. It is used as a signal.

The television film frame position comparison signal thus formed is passed through a comparator 75 to a switch circuit 5.
(10th
figure). This comparator 75 is composed of an AND gate, and one position comparison signal F3. A high level is output (H) only when F4 coincides with the high level, and a low level is output in other cases (FIG. 11).

Therefore, since there is usually a phase difference between the television image and the film screen, the comparison signal F3. There is a mismatch at F4, a low level is applied to the input 21 of NAH[l-1, and the circuit output of the switch circuit 5 becomes F2, so that the movie projector 1 is de-synchronized with the TV camera Tl side. , the frame bar within the effective screen will leave its initial static position and start moving. After this,
When the phase difference is eliminated, the comparison signal F3. Since F4 matches at high level, a high level is applied to input 2 of NANII-1, and the circuit output of switch circuit 5 becomes Fl, thereby fixing the frame bar outside the effective screen at that position. It turns out.

(Effects of the Invention) As explained above, in the movie projection method and device according to the present invention, in reproducing and projecting a movie film for shooting with a cine television camera, the number of frames to be projected by the projector is equal to the number of frames of the television. The frame bar of the projection film existing on the image surface of the television monitor is made equal, and the frame bar located outside the effective screen is moved to outside the effective screen by a phase difference changing means such as electrical or mechanical means, and the frame bar located outside the effective screen is fixed at that position. Therefore, the film screen exhibits a normal one-to-one correspondence with the television image, so that the period of one frame on the television corresponds to the period in which the projection film is stopped. Since it is possible to take pictures on TV using a conventional projector, it is not only possible to use a normal movie projector (two-shutter method), but also to use the so-called two-shutter method, where the projection shutter is used only when the film is moving (scraping off). This not only eliminates the need to use a conventional 2-3 intermittent TV movie projector with a complicated mechanism, but also greatly improves the resolution of the image. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to solve the decisive problem of this type of conventional movie projection system, namely, the problem of poor image resolution.

According to the inventor's experiments, the present invention can be used not only for the afterimage scanning (scanning) method, but also for the irradiated surface image scanning (scanning) method, allowing the slide to be photographed at high altitudes as if it were being photographed on a television. I was able to get a high resolution TV image.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1, 4, and 9 are drive control circuit diagrams of a movie projection device according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a changeover switch circuit used in the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a television film projection apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing the correspondence of frames between conventional television film films; FIGS. 6 to 8 are diagrams showing the shutter;
FIG. 10 is a connection circuit diagram of a comparator and a changeover switch circuit, FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the timing of an input waveform in the comparator, and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a disc of a motor control drive amplifier section. l...Movie projector 2...Camera drive signal generator 3...Den-even control drive amplification unit 4...Frame adjustment oscillator 5...Switch circuit 7...Comparison circuit F1 , F2...signal F3. F4...Position comparison signal T1...TV camera T2...TV monitor

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) When shooting a movie film with the number of frames taken equal to the number of images per second on a television, and when reproducing and projecting the movie film to be shot with a cine television camera, the number of frames to be projected by projector 1 is Furthermore, the drive signal F1 of the projector drive signal generator 2 of the projector 1 is synchronized with the vertical synchronization signal or vertical drive signal extracted from the video signal of the television camera T1 side, and this signal F1 is sent to the motor control drive amplification section 3 to control the drive of the movie projector 1,
The signal received by the motor control drive amplification section 3 is switched to the signal F2 of the frame adjustment oscillator having a frequency different from the signal F1, thereby moving the frame bar within the effective screen to outside the effective screen, and then the motor control is performed. A film projection method for television movies characterized in that the signal received by the drive amplifying section 3 is switched again to a signal F1 synchronized with the drive signal of the television. (2) The method for projecting a film for television movie according to claim (1), characterized in that switching between the signals F1 and F2 is performed by opening and closing a frame button S in the changeover switch circuit 5. (3) When shooting a movie film with the number of frames to be equal to the number of images per second on a television, and when reproducing and projecting the movie film for shooting with a cine television camera, the number of frames to be projected by the projector 1 should be By using a power synchronous motor as the drive source of the projector 1 and changing the mounting angle of the motor around the axial direction of the motor, the frame bar within the effective screen can be set equal to the number of frames of the projector 1. 1. A method for projecting a film for a TV movie, characterized in that after moving the film outside the effective screen, a motor is attached and fixed at the position. (4) When shooting a movie film with the number of frames equal to the number of images per second on a television, and when reproducing and projecting the movie film for shooting with a cine television camera, the number of frames to be projected by projector 1 is set to be equal to the number of images per second on a television. The projector 1 is further provided with a projector drive signal generating section 2 that generates a signal F1 synchronized with a vertical synchronizing signal or a vertical drive signal extracted from the video signal of the television camera T1 side, and a motor control drive amplification section 3 that receives the signal F1 from the signal generation section 2 and performs drive control;
is characterized by comprising a frame adjustment oscillator 4 which is a fine adjustment oscillator that generates a signal F2 having a different frequency, and a changeover switch circuit 5 which switches between the signals F1 and F2 by opening and closing a frame button S. Film movie projection equipment for TV movies. (5) When shooting a movie film with the number of frames equal to the number of images per second on a television, and when reproducing and projecting the movie film for shooting with a cine television camera, the number of frames to be projected by projector 1 is set to be equal to the number of images per second on a television. The projector 1 is further provided with a projector drive signal generating section 2 that generates a signal F1 synchronized with a vertical synchronizing signal or a vertical drive signal extracted from the video signal of the television camera T1 side, and a motor control drive amplification section 3 that receives the signal F1 from the signal generation section 2 and performs drive control;
is a mismatch between the frame adjustment oscillator 4, which is a fine adjustment oscillator that generates a signal F2 with a different frequency, and the position comparison signals F3 and F4 extracted from the drive signal generation section 2 and the motor control drive amplification section 3, respectively. Comparison circuit 7 for determining
Then, upon receiving the output signal from the comparison circuit 7, the signal F
1. A film projection device for television movies, comprising a changeover switch circuit 5 for switching F2. (6) When using image scanning during irradiation in a television, the projector is equipped with a single shutter for scraping off the film, as set forth in claim (4) or (5). Film movie projection equipment for TV movies.