JPS6117768B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6117768B2 JPS6117768B2 JP10981876A JP10981876A JPS6117768B2 JP S6117768 B2 JPS6117768 B2 JP S6117768B2 JP 10981876 A JP10981876 A JP 10981876A JP 10981876 A JP10981876 A JP 10981876A JP S6117768 B2 JPS6117768 B2 JP S6117768B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid ammonia
- ammonia
- liquid
- water
- aqueous solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Unsaturated alcohol Chemical compound CC\C(CO)=C/C ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005011 alkyl ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
本発明は、液体アンモニアが漏洩した場合に大
気中への蒸発、拡散を最小限に防止する方法に関
する。更に詳しくは、液体アンモニア貯蔵タンク
またはそれに附設された配管などが不測の破損を
して液体アンモニアが漏洩した場合にその表面に
アンモニアガスを含有する気泡を形成せしめて液
体アンモニアの大気中への蒸発、拡散を可及的に
防ぎ２次処理をしやすくする方法にある。
液体アンモニアの貯蔵ないし取扱いは通常、密
閉された圧力容器内で行われるが、不測の事故に
より容器、配管、ゲージ等が破損した場合、液体
アンモニアは一時に大量に大気中に減圧放出さ
れ、また、地上に流出され、その拡散による被害
は大きいことが予想される。因みにアンモニアガ
スは可燃性で毒性がありその燃焼範囲は空気中15
〜28容量％、怒限度25ppm、事故のとき退避で
きる濃度は700ppmである。
このような不測の破損のときの対策として、通
常取られる方法は、まづタンク周辺に防液堤をつ
くることの他に、水噴霧または集中注水が一般に
とられている。後者は流出液体または気化アンモ
ニアに対し150〜200倍（重量）の水をアンモニア
全面にわたつて噴霧または集中注水しアンモニア
を吸収又は稀釈する除害方法の他、アンモニアタ
ンクのまわりに設置した炭酸ガス及び水の放射管
よりタンクの全体を覆うように炭酸ガスと水とを
放射し、漏洩ガス又は液体が広範囲に拡散する前
にその全体を無害の重炭酸アンモニウムにする方
法も提案されている。
しかしこれらの処理方法は大量の水の使用をす
る方法であり、漏洩するアンモニアが少量の場合
には有効であるが多量の場合は、非常に大量の水
を用いなければ加えた水との稀釈発熱により却つ
て漏洩した液体アンモニアの蒸発が加速されて、
蒸発量の増加を招くことになり、またこれら大量
の一次処理水の二次処理が必要であり、除害効果
は低い。
われわれは漏洩液体アンモニアの処理について
種々検討した結果、漏洩アンモニアの液面を特殊
な泡体で覆うことにより液体アンモニアの蒸発を
最少限に抑え、またこれにより上記二次処理のよ
うな煩雑な後処理を最少限に少くすることに成功
した。
次に本発明の内容を詳しく述べるため、液体ア
ンモニアが、漏洩しはじめてから、防液堤内に留
るまでのエンタルピーの変化、液体アンモニアの
状態変化をまず想定してみたい。
即ち、液体アンモニアは大気中に放出されたと
き先ず減圧フラツシユが瞬間的に起り、一方液温
は蒸気圧が大気圧となる。−33℃まで下降しよう
とするが大気との接触と大気の移動により蒸発が
促進され、この蒸発熱により液体アンモニアは冷
却され過冷却状態となろうとする。他方液体アン
モニアは落下して地表面等と接触することにより
地熱による加熱にて蒸発て行き、地表面等を徐々
に冷却して行き土面の場合はその水分が氷結し、
地熱が液体アンモニアに与える熱量は、小くなつ
てゆく。これらの諸過程を経つつ液体アンモニア
はその表面において蒸発する液体アンモニアの潜
熱と、地表面等から与えられる熱量とが平衡し、
その温度は過冷却状態となり、−60〜40℃に維持
される。しかしまた大気に直接触れた状態に放置
することは、蒸発量が多く問題である。
本発明は、上記過冷却状態に移行して行く過程
または、上記過冷却状態において、特殊な、水溶
性泡形成剤の水溶液を液体アンモニアの液面に泡
が完全に被覆形成されるまで加えることから構成
される液体アンモニアの蒸発を可及的に抑制する
方法にある。
即ち、上記地表面等に滞留した液体アンモニア
液面にアンモニアガスを内包する気泡を形成し得
る水溶性泡形成剤の水溶液を散布して行くと、該
水溶液の水が液体アンモニアを稀釈しその際の発
熱により液体アンモニアの一部を気化せしめその
アンモニアガスを内包する気泡が液体アンモニア
表面に形成されるが、添加する水の量が多すぎる
といたずらに発熱を促進し、必要以上の気化をさ
せることになり、また逆に、少量すぎると、大気
圧と平衡しうるアンモニア蒸気圧を出し得ないの
で気泡形成が出来ない。実際に散布する場合は、
液体アンモニア液面の状態を見ながら適量散布す
ればよいが、漏洩滞留の予想される場合は次記式
及び仮定条件下での物性値からあらかじめ必要散
布量を予想することも出来るので、準備しておく
ことも出来る。
The present invention relates to a method for minimizing evaporation and diffusion into the atmosphere when liquid ammonia leaks. More specifically, if a liquid ammonia storage tank or piping attached to it is unexpectedly damaged and liquid ammonia leaks, bubbles containing ammonia gas are formed on the surface and the liquid ammonia evaporates into the atmosphere. , a method that prevents diffusion as much as possible and facilitates secondary processing. Liquid ammonia is normally stored and handled in a sealed pressure vessel, but if the container, piping, gauge, etc. are damaged due to an unexpected accident, a large amount of liquid ammonia may be released under reduced pressure into the atmosphere at once. , it is expected that the damage caused by its spread will be significant. By the way, ammonia gas is flammable and toxic, and its flammability range is 15% in the air.
~28% by volume, maximum limit of 25ppm, and concentration that can be evacuated in case of an accident is 700ppm. As a countermeasure against such unexpected damage, in addition to constructing a dike around the tank, water spraying or concentrated water injection is generally used. The latter method involves spraying or intensively pouring water 150 to 200 times (by weight) over the entire surface of the ammonia to absorb or dilute the ammonia, as well as carbon dioxide gas installed around the ammonia tank. A method has also been proposed in which carbon dioxide gas and water are emitted from a water emitting tube so as to cover the entire tank, and the leaked gas or liquid is converted into harmless ammonium bicarbonate before it spreads over a wide area. However, these treatment methods use a large amount of water, and are effective when a small amount of ammonia leaks, but when a large amount leaks, it is difficult to dilute with the added water unless a very large amount of water is used. The heat generated accelerated the evaporation of the leaked liquid ammonia,
This results in an increase in the amount of evaporation, and requires secondary treatment of a large amount of the primary treated water, resulting in a low abatement effect. As a result of various studies on how to dispose of leaked liquid ammonia, we have found that by covering the liquid surface of leaked ammonia with a special foam, we can minimize the evaporation of liquid ammonia, and this also eliminates the troublesome post-treatment process such as the above-mentioned secondary treatment. We succeeded in minimizing the amount of processing required. Next, in order to describe the contents of the present invention in detail, let us first assume the changes in enthalpy and changes in the state of liquid ammonia from the time liquid ammonia begins to leak until it remains within the dike. That is, when liquid ammonia is released into the atmosphere, a depressurization flash occurs instantaneously, and the liquid temperature and vapor pressure become atmospheric pressure. The temperature attempts to drop to -33°C, but evaporation is promoted by contact with the atmosphere and the movement of the atmosphere, and this heat of evaporation cools the liquid ammonia, causing it to become supercooled. On the other hand, when liquid ammonia falls and comes into contact with the earth's surface, it evaporates due to geothermal heating, gradually cooling the earth's surface, and in the case of soil, the water freezes.
The amount of heat that geothermal heat provides to liquid ammonia is decreasing. As liquid ammonia goes through these processes, the latent heat of the liquid ammonia that evaporates on its surface and the amount of heat given from the earth's surface etc. are balanced,
The temperature becomes supercooled and is maintained between -60 and 40 degrees Celsius. However, leaving it in direct contact with the atmosphere causes a large amount of evaporation, which is problematic. The present invention involves adding a special aqueous solution of a water-soluble foam-forming agent to the surface of liquid ammonia until bubbles are completely covered in the process of transitioning to the supercooled state or in the supercooled state. The purpose is to suppress the evaporation of liquid ammonia as much as possible. That is, when an aqueous solution of a water-soluble foam-forming agent capable of forming bubbles containing ammonia gas is sprayed on the surface of the liquid ammonia accumulated on the ground surface, etc., the water in the aqueous solution dilutes the liquid ammonia. Due to the heat generated, a part of the liquid ammonia is vaporized, and bubbles containing the ammonia gas are formed on the surface of the liquid ammonia. However, if too much water is added, it will unnecessarily accelerate heat generation and cause more vaporization than necessary. On the other hand, if the amount is too small, bubbles cannot be formed because an ammonia vapor pressure that is in equilibrium with atmospheric pressure cannot be produced. When actually spraying,
You can spray an appropriate amount while checking the liquid ammonia level, but if leakage and retention is expected, you can predict the required spray amount in advance from the following formula and the physical property values under assumed conditions, so make preparations. You can also leave it there.
【表】
気泡形成用水溶液を液体アンモニアに添加し、
その表面に気泡を形成し、液体アンモニアと気泡
形成用水溶液との混合水溶液の温度を第１表記載
の変化をさせると仮定した場合、熱収支を考える
と
（１−ｘ）×ｑ＋ｘ×｛20−（−36）｝×１＝（１−
ｘ）×24.4
ここでｑ＝18.4〔Kcal/Kg・NH3〕とすれば
ｘ＝0.097
即ち、気泡形成用水溶液が9.7％（重量）含有
されるよう添加すれば液体アンモニアの気化は最
小限に抑えうることが予測出来る。
ここで用いる水溶性気泡形成剤主要成分として
は、アニオン界面活性剤が用いられる。アニオン
基としてはカルボン酸基（−COOH）、硫酸エス
テル基（−Ｏ・SO3H）、スルフオン酸基（−
SO3H）特に硫酸エステル基及びスルフオン酸基
が気泡安定性の点で好ましい。親油基としてはア
ルキル基、アルキルアリル基、ポリオキシエチレ
ンアルキルエーテル基特に側鎖の少いC11〜C18の
アルキル部分を持つものが融点を低くする点で好
ましい。例えばC12のアルキル硫酸エステルナト
リウムは０℃以上でも泡立ち良好である。
水溶性気泡形成剤の他の成分としては、泡安定
剤が用いられるが、グリコールエーテル単独また
はC11〜C18の飽和または不飽和アルコールの共存
が好ましい。
以上の成分よりなる界面活性剤の１〜20％水溶
液が用いられるが、水溶性気泡形成剤の１例を次
に記す。
ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム 25％
ポリオキエチレンラウリルエーテル
硫酸エステルナトリウム 25％
グリコールエーテル 46％
ラウリルアルコール ４％
これら成分を含有する５％水溶液が用いられ
る。
また前記気泡形成用水溶液の添加方法として
は、滞留している液体アンモニアの液面に可及的
に広く分散散布することが好ましく、防液堤内側
にスプレーノズルを出来るだけ多く、均一に分散
させて設置することも一つの好ましい方法であ
る。
以上、本発明の内容を詳述したが、本発明の要
旨は、大気圧下に滞留している液体アンモニア
に、アンモニアガス気泡を形成する気泡形成剤の
水溶液を添加し液面にアンモニアガスを含有する
気泡を形成させることにある。
次に本発明の効果を記す。
本発明の方法により処理された液体アンモニア
液面に形成された気泡の層により、大気に直接接
触しなくなるため液体アンモニアの大気圧下の温
度−33℃に近い温度に保たれ大気圧下ではもつと
も気化量の少い温度になる。また気泡形成処理を
していない液体アンモニアは前記のごとく−60〜
−40℃という過冷却状態にあることに比べ本発明
の方法による処理をすることにより、より高温に
保たれるため地表面等からうける伝熱量はより少
くなる。なお、当然のことながら完全断熱は困難
な為、−33℃に保つことは難しく、気化に伴う過
冷却状態で落ちつく。気化された少量のアンモニ
アガスは気泡層上面で大気中に放出される。
上記のごとく、大気との直接接触がないことに
よる効果及びそれに伴う地表面からの伝熱に対す
る効果があが、その程度を種々の仮定のもとに計
算すると次のようである。
まづ、液体アンモニアに気泡形成用水溶液を添
加した場合と添加しない場合について、地表面か
らの伝熱による液面の減少速度をみる場合、
の式を用いうる。ここで
Ｖ 液面減少速度 〔m/sec〕
T1 地表温度 〔℃〕
T0 液安又は液安と気泡形
成用水溶液との混合液
の沸点 〔℃〕
Ｌ 上記液体の蒸発熱 〔Kcal/Kg〕
ｎ 熱拡散率 〔m2/sec〕
ｋ 見かけの熱伝達率
〔Kcal/m・sec・℃〕
ｔ 経過時間 〔sec〕
ρ 上記液体の密度 〔Kg/m3〕
Ｋ ｋ／√ 〔Kcal/m2sec〓〕
を表わすが、ｎ及びｋは、地表面の性質によつて
異なる熱的特性であり代表的な土壌については
の値をとることが知られている。
今、大気との接触がある場合(A)と気泡形成され
て大気と直接接触されない場合(B)について物性値
及び仮定した数値を第２表に示す。[Table] Add the bubble-forming aqueous solution to liquid ammonia,
Assuming that bubbles are formed on the surface and the temperature of the mixed aqueous solution of liquid ammonia and bubble-forming aqueous solution is changed as shown in Table 1, considering the heat balance, (1-x) x q + x x {20 −(−36)}×1=(1−
x) x 24.4 Here, if q = 18.4 [Kcal/Kg・NH 3 ], then x = 0.097. In other words, if the aqueous solution for bubble formation is added to contain 9.7% (by weight), the vaporization of liquid ammonia will be minimized. It is predictable that it can be suppressed. The main component of the water-soluble foam forming agent used here is an anionic surfactant. Examples of anionic groups include carboxylic acid group (-COOH), sulfuric acid ester group (-O SO 3 H), and sulfonic acid group (-
SO 3 H) Sulfuric acid ester groups and sulfonic acid groups are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of bubble stability. As the lipophilic group, an alkyl group, an alkylaryl group, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether group, and especially one having a C 11 to C 18 alkyl moiety with few side chains is preferable in terms of lowering the melting point. For example, C12 alkyl sulfate sodium foams well even at temperatures above 0°C. As another component of the water-soluble foam forming agent, a foam stabilizer is used, but glycol ether alone or coexistence of a C 11 to C 18 saturated or unsaturated alcohol is preferred. A 1 to 20% aqueous solution of a surfactant consisting of the above components is used, and one example of a water-soluble foam forming agent is described below. Sodium lauryl sulfate 25% Sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate 25% Glycol ether 46% Lauryl alcohol 4% A 5% aqueous solution containing these components is used. In addition, as for the method of adding the bubble-forming aqueous solution, it is preferable to disperse it as widely as possible on the surface of the stagnant liquid ammonia, and to disperse it evenly using as many spray nozzles as possible inside the dike. One preferable method is to install the The content of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the gist of the present invention is to add an aqueous solution of a bubble-forming agent that forms ammonia gas bubbles to liquid ammonia stagnant under atmospheric pressure, and to form ammonia gas on the liquid surface. The purpose is to form bubbles containing air. Next, the effects of the present invention will be described. Due to the layer of bubbles formed on the surface of the liquid ammonia treated by the method of the present invention, it is not in direct contact with the atmosphere, so the temperature of liquid ammonia under atmospheric pressure is maintained at a temperature close to -33℃, which is difficult to maintain under atmospheric pressure. The temperature is such that the amount of vaporization is small. In addition, liquid ammonia that has not been subjected to bubble-forming treatment has a temperature of -60~
Compared to being in a supercooled state of -40°C, by processing according to the method of the present invention, the temperature is maintained at a higher temperature, so the amount of heat transferred from the ground surface etc. is smaller. Naturally, complete insulation is difficult, so it is difficult to maintain the temperature at -33℃, and the temperature settles down to a supercooled state due to vaporization. A small amount of vaporized ammonia gas is released into the atmosphere at the top of the bubble layer. As mentioned above, the effect of the lack of direct contact with the atmosphere and the associated effect on heat transfer from the ground surface is calculated as follows based on various assumptions. First, when looking at the rate of decrease in the liquid level due to heat transfer from the ground surface when an aqueous bubble-forming solution is added to liquid ammonia and when it is not added, The formula can be used. Here, V Rate of decrease in liquid level [m/sec] T 1 Surface temperature [℃] T 0 Boiling point of liquid ammonium or a mixture of liquid ammonium and aqueous solution for bubble formation [℃] L Heat of vaporization of the above liquid [Kcal/Kg ] n Thermal diffusivity [m 2 /sec] k Apparent heat transfer coefficient
[Kcal/m・sec・℃] t Elapsed time [sec] ρ Density of the above liquid [Kg/m 3 ] K k/√ [Kcal/m 2 sec〓] where n and k are Typical soils have thermal characteristics that vary depending on their properties. It is known to take the value of Table 2 shows the physical property values and assumed values for the case where there is contact with the atmosphere (A) and the case where bubbles are formed and there is no direct contact with the atmosphere (B).
【表】
Ａ及びＢの場合について、ｋ，√は同じ条件
として、液体アンモニアの単位面積当りの蒸発速
度比γを考えると
となり、気泡形成により液体アンモニア蒸発量は
68％に抑制されることが計算されうる。
次に、液体アンモニアに気泡形成用水溶液を添
加した場合と添加しない場合について大気の移動
による液体アンモニア蒸発量に及ぼす影響を実施
例に示す。
実施例
液体アンモニア 0.390〔Kg〕
をデユワー瓶にとり
ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム （29％）
ポリオキシエチレンラウリル
エーテル硫酸エステルナトリウム （25％）
グリコールエーテル （46％）
ラウリルアルコール （４％）
の9.3重量％水溶液 0.040〔Kg〕
を液体アンモニアの表面に出来るだけ広く散布
し、液体アンモニアガスを含む気泡を形成させ、
液体アンモニアの蒸発量の経時変化の測定を行つ
た。
この結果は第１図に示すように、液体表面に気
泡を形成することによりアンモニア蒸発量は約15
％に抑制されることがわかる。
なお、本発明の方法の実施に使用しうる好まし
い装置の一例を第２図に示す。
液体アンモニアのタンクＡより漏洩した液体ア
ンモニアは一部気化するが、大部分は防液堤Ｂ内
に溜り、地表面の凍結、気化に伴い−60〜−40℃
に落ちつく。この液面上に、ノズルＣから気泡形
成用水溶液を添加するが、該水溶液は、水（貯水
槽Ｆ）と気泡形成剤（貯蔵タンクＤ）とを混合機
Ｇで連続的に混合されつつ調整される。[Table] For cases A and B, assuming the same conditions for k and √, and considering the evaporation rate ratio γ per unit area of liquid ammonia, The amount of liquid ammonia evaporated due to bubble formation is
It can be calculated to be suppressed to 68%. Next, Examples will show the influence of atmospheric movement on the amount of evaporation of liquid ammonia when an aqueous solution for forming bubbles is added to liquid ammonia and when it is not added. Example 0.390 [Kg] of liquid ammonia was placed in a Dewar bottle, and a 9.3% by weight aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate (29%) polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate ester sodium (25%) glycol ether (46%) lauryl alcohol (4%) 0.040 [ Kg] on the surface of liquid ammonia as widely as possible to form bubbles containing liquid ammonia gas,
We measured the change over time in the amount of evaporation of liquid ammonia. As shown in Figure 1, this result shows that by forming bubbles on the liquid surface, the amount of ammonia evaporated is approximately 15%.
%. Note that FIG. 2 shows an example of a preferable apparatus that can be used to carry out the method of the present invention. Although some of the liquid ammonia leaked from liquid ammonia tank A vaporizes, most of it accumulates in dike B, and as the ground surface freezes and vaporizes, it reaches -60 to -40℃.
calm down. A bubble-forming aqueous solution is added onto this liquid surface from the nozzle C, and the aqueous solution is adjusted by continuously mixing water (water storage tank F) and a bubble-forming agent (storage tank D) with a mixer G. be done.
第１図は、実施例２の気泡形成有無にもとづく
効果を示し、第２図は、本発明の実施に用いうる
装置の一例であり、
Ａ……液体アンモニア貯蔵タンク、Ｂ……防液
堤、Ｃ……気泡形成用水溶液放射ノズル、Ｄ……
気泡形成剤用貯蔵タンク、Ｅ……送水用ポンプ、
Ｆ……貯水槽、Ｇ……混合機、Ｖ(1〜3)バルヴ。
FIG. 1 shows the effect based on the presence or absence of bubble formation in Example 2, and FIG. 2 shows an example of an apparatus that can be used to carry out the present invention. A...liquid ammonia storage tank, B... liquid barrier , C... Aqueous solution emitting nozzle for forming bubbles, D...
Storage tank for air bubble forming agent, E... pump for water supply,
F...Water tank, G...Mixer, V (1~3) valve.
Claims (1)
る液体アンモニアの表面を気泡沫で覆つて蒸発を
防止する方法において、該液体アンモニアの表面
にアンモニアガス気泡を形成する気泡形成剤の水
溶液を添加して該表面を昇温させ、アンモニアガ
スを発生させて該アンモニアガスを含有する気泡
を前記液体アンモニア液面に形成させることを特
徴とする液体アンモニアの蒸発、拡散防止方法。1. An aqueous solution of a bubble-forming agent that forms ammonia gas bubbles on the surface of liquid ammonia in a method for preventing evaporation by covering the surface of liquid ammonia that has leaked out of a storage device and remains under atmospheric pressure with air bubbles. A method for preventing evaporation and diffusion of liquid ammonia, the method comprising: adding ammonia gas to raise the temperature of the surface, generating ammonia gas, and forming bubbles containing the ammonia gas on the surface of the liquid ammonia.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10981876A JPS5335700A (en) | 1976-09-16 | 1976-09-16 | Preventing method for evaporation and diffusion of liquid ammonia |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10981876A JPS5335700A (en) | 1976-09-16 | 1976-09-16 | Preventing method for evaporation and diffusion of liquid ammonia |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5335700A JPS5335700A (en) | 1978-04-03 |
| JPS6117768B2 true JPS6117768B2 (en) | 1986-05-09 |
Family
ID=14519976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10981876A Granted JPS5335700A (en) | 1976-09-16 | 1976-09-16 | Preventing method for evaporation and diffusion of liquid ammonia |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5335700A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5534242B2 (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2014-06-25 | ダイソー株式会社 | Chemical substance scattering suppression device, chemical substance storage device, and chemical substance scattering suppression method |
-
1976
- 1976-09-16 JP JP10981876A patent/JPS5335700A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5335700A (en) | 1978-04-03 |
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