JPS61138038A - Desiccant type air conditioning device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable to utilize the ordinary temperature air as a regenerative air by a method wherein a moisture absorbent material of which non-conductive carrier is able to contain a water of crystallization is utilized as a moisture absorbent of a latent heat exchanger, a water content is removed by the phase conversion of the water of crystallization due to the energizing of the moisture absorbent material at the regeneration of thereof. CONSTITUTION:A part of a sensible heat and a latent heat is removed from an open air by a total heat exchanger 1 utilizing an indoor air, the open air processed above operation is introduced onto a latent heat exchanger 2 to remove a water content contained therein. The latent heat exchanger 2 is filled with a moisture absorbent 22. The moisture absorbent 22 absorbes a steam content contained in the sucked air. the air passed through the latent heat exchanger 2 is introduced into a moistening device 3 for moistening-cooling, then the supplying air obtained from above process is circurated into a room. Meantime, the moisture absorbent 22 saturated by absorbing the water content is regenerated by an electric voltage impressed by a regenerating power source 4 in a regenerating band of the latent heat exchanger, the removed water con tent is discharged with accompanied by the regenerating air.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to air conditioners for buildings, factories, etc., and more particularly to a desiccant type air conditioner that utilizes the latent heat of water.

BACKGROUND ART In recent years, desiccant air conditioners have been developed as a new air conditioning system to replace compression or absorption air conditioners. The evaporation of this charged water removes heat from the air to obtain cold air, and the indoor air is first sent to the latent heat exchanger.

The latent heat exchanger is filled with a filter made of a honeycomb or layered nonwoven fabric impregnated with a moisture absorbent such as lithium chloride, and indoor air is dehumidified and its temperature increases. The air exiting the latent heat exchanger is precooled by a glue heat exchanger, then humidified and cooled by a humidifier, and then circulated into the room.

On the other hand, the hygroscopic agent, which is saturated by absorbing moisture, is regenerated by hot air (regeneration air). Since this hot air for regeneration can be obtained using solar heat, it has the characteristics of an energy-saving cooling device manufactured by Desiccant Air Conditioner.

However, with conventional equipment, the coefficient of performance (absorbed heat due to humidification cooling and regenerated energy of the moisture absorbent: 1.

ratio) is low. For example, the coefficient of performance Fi of a nine-desiccant type air conditioner using lithium chloride as a moisture absorbent is as low as 0.4 to 0.7. For this reason, the current situation is that the scale of solar heat collectors is large, and their application is currently limited to high-temperature regions such as subtropical regions.

In addition to the 41st unit, this type of device can utilize solar heat.
Compared to conventional compression type air conditioners, the structure is simple, the pressure in each part of the device is near atmospheric pressure, there is no need for the device to have high pressure specifications, and it does not use refrigerants such as 7 Leon. It has many advantages. In the current situation where there is great hope for a significant improvement in the thermal efficiency of solar heat collectors, there is a desire to develop a desiccant type air conditioner with a dramatically high coefficient of performance.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art, comprising:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a desiccant air conditioner with a significantly higher coefficient of performance than conventional ones.

Summary of the Invention The present invention is a desiccant air conditioner comprising a latent heat exchanger, a humidifier, and a regeneration power source, comprising: a) passing indoor air through the latent heat exchanger, then passing through a humidifier, and supplying the indoor air indoors; b) providing a regeneration air flow path for sending regeneration air to a latent heat exchanger and exhausting humid air; c) providing a latent heat exchanger with water of crystallization on a non-conductive carrier; d) An electrode electrically connected to a power source for regeneration is disposed in the latent heat exchanger with the moisture absorbent disposed therebetween. It is a desiccant type air conditioner consisting of;

Preferred embodiments of the invention Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing one aspect of the present invention. Room air and optionally total heat, by exchanger 1
The outside air from which some of the sensible heat and latent heat has been removed is used for latent heat exchange a
Transfer to Step 2 to remove moisture. The latent heat exchanger 2 is filled with a hygroscopic agent, which will be described later, and adsorbs water vapor in the air flowing into the hygroscopic agent. The air exiting the latent heat exchanger 2 is passed through a humidifier for humidification and cooling, and the resulting supply air is circulated indoors. On the other hand, a hygroscopic agent that is saturated with water,
In the regeneration zone of the latent heat exchanger, the water is regenerated by the voltage applied by the regeneration power source 4, and the desorbed moisture is entrained by the regeneration air and exhausted.

The hygroscopic agent according to the present invention has a hygroscopic material supported on a non-conductive carrier. The carrier may or may not be electrically conductive. As will be described later, when the moisture absorbent is regenerated in the apparatus of the present invention, electricity is applied to the moisture absorbing material to cause phase transition of crystalline water and desorption of moisture. This is because if the carrier is conductive, current will also flow through the carrier during regeneration, resulting in energy loss. Preferably, the carrier is porous. By making the carrier porous, the surface area per unit volume of the carrier can be increased, and the efficiency of contact between the hygroscopic material coated on the carrier surface and the outside air can be increased. The carrier may be an inorganic or organic material. Preferred inorganic carriers include silica, alumina,
These include gas fibers, iron oxide, magnetite, iron oxide, and ceramics. Preferred organic carriers are plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, and vegetable fibers. The most preferred carrier is silica. Conventionally, silica (as silica gel) has been used as an Fi hygroscopic material, but in the present invention, it is used as a carrier. The moisture absorbing function of silica gel is not utilized in the present invention. Silica is used as a carrier because it is non-conductive, porous, and easily available. Activated carbon is conductive (electrical resistance 2 to 3Ω・on/an2)
” Therefore, it cannot be used as a carrier in the present invention.
However, activated carbon may also be used as a carrier in a mixture with other materials. In this case, the carrier as a whole must be electrically non-conductive.

Next, the hygroscopic material used in the present invention is a hygroscopic inorganic electrolyte that can contain water of crystallization. In this specification, the term "capable of having water of crystallization" refers to the fact that upon contact with humid air, the hygroscopic material can change from a state without crystallized water to a state with added crystallized water, or This means that the number of crystallized water increases. Examples of moisture absorbing materials include magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride,
Magne 7cum sulfate, aluminum sulfate, etc. These moisture-absorbing materials can be used alone or as a mixture. The preferred hygroscopic material is magnesium chloride, which transitions from a state without water of crystallization to a form with 6 waters of crystallization.

A dipping method is suitable as a method for supporting the hygroscopic material on the carrier. The carrier is immersed in a solution in which a hygroscopic material is dissolved or suspended in a solvent. After this solution has sufficiently penetrated into the carrier, the carrier is taken out and dried to remove the solvent, and the hygroscopic material is supported on the carrier surface. In addition to water, an organic solvent may be used as the solvent. In order to strengthen the adhesive force between the carrier and the hygroscopic material, an adhesive such as polyvinyl alcohol may be dissolved in advance in the solution. By changing the concentration of the hygroscopic material in the solution, the immersion time, the immersion temperature, etc., the supported amount of the hygroscopic material can be appropriately set.

When the hygroscopic agent prepared as described above is brought into contact with indoor air, the hygroscopic material in the hygroscopic agent adsorbs moisture in the air. The saturated moisture absorbent is regenerated by electricity treatment. In the regeneration of the present invention, a moisture absorbent is placed in the gap between the electrodes, and a high AC voltage is applied to both electrodes. As used herein, "high voltage" means a voltage higher than the voltage applied in electrolysis. In regeneration by electrolysis, a voltage of about 2 to 25 V is applied, taking into account the theoretical decomposition voltage of water L7V and both oxygen and hydrogen overpotentials. In the regeneration of the present invention, even higher voltages are applied to the electrodes. Preferred high voltage is IO to 600
V, more preferably 30 to 220V. Further, the current is preferably alternating current. Although direct current is applied in the electrolysis method, efficiency decreases when direct current is used in the present invention. AC power must be low frequency, at least 60Hz
It is preferably 20H2 or less. Regeneration efficiency is improved by applying a pulsed AC high voltage to the electrodes. The current application time depends on factors such as the type of moisture absorbent and the applied voltage.
Approximately several minutes to several tens of minutes. The current value is not an important factor in the reproduction of the present invention. In the conventional electrolysis method, adsorbed moisture is decomposed and removed in proportion to the amount of electricity, so the current value is necessarily determined. However, the present invention K
In this method, the adsorbed water is not electrolyzed, but the adsorbed water that has become crystallized water is converted into a free state.
It may be a low current. When a large amount of current is passed, water is heated and evaporated by that amount, and in the present invention, this results in an energy loss and a decrease in regeneration efficiency. The electrode material used is
For example, graphite, stainless steel, etc.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a latent heat exchanger used in the apparatus of the present invention. The moisture absorbent is particularly enlarged. When the hygroscopic agent is brought into contact with humid air, moisture in the air is adsorbed by the hygroscopic material 22 of the hygroscopic agent. For example, when anhydrous magnesium chloride is used as the moisture absorbing material 22, MIICI increases due to moisture absorption.
It becomes 12.6H2o. After the filled hygroscopic agent absorbs moisture and becomes saturated, the hygroscopic agent is regenerated by being energized. Regeneration air 21 is supplied to the moisture absorbent while applying AC voltage from regeneration power source 4 to electrodes 24 arranged at predetermined intervals. The crystallized water contained in the moisture-absorbing material is turned into free water by energization treatment, and is entrained in the regeneration air to become humid air 2.
5 and is discharged from the system. The regeneration principle in the present invention is not necessarily clear, but since only the moisture-absorbing material supported on the surface of the carrier 23 is conductive, current flows only in this portion, and crystal water is converted to crystal water with less energy by the action of specific current conditions. It is thought that it has metastasized.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a preferred example of the latent heat exchanger according to the present invention. Connect the center axis of the rotary latent heat exchanger to one electrode (
The center electrode 31) and the other electrode (surrounding electrode 32) are
As shown in the figure, electrodes are arranged around the circumference of the latent heat exchanger so as to be insulated from each other but in contact with the moisture absorbent. A metal piece 33 is fixed to the outer periphery corresponding to the regeneration zone 34 in contact with the surrounding electrode 32, and a voltage is applied only to the surrounding electrode 32 that has entered the regeneration zone by rotation of the latent heat exchanger p. Regeneration (regeneration zone 34) and moisture absorption (1;
35° moisture absorption zone) at the same time.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing another aspect of the device according to the present invention. The air dehumidified by the latent heat exchanger 2 is sent to the sensible heat exchanger 41, where it is precooled by exchanging sensible heat with the outside air cooled by the humidifier 51. This pre-cooled air is sent to the humidifier 3, humidified and cooled, and then circulated indoors. As the sensible heat exchanger 4□1, a conventionally known one can be used, and for example, a rotary sensible heat exchanger incorporating an aluminum honeycomb structure can be suitably used. 1. A spray set or a two-fluid nozzle type can be adopted as the humidifier 3. Effects FIG. 5 is an psychrometric chart showing the function of the device shown in FIG. 1.

The numbers in FIG. 5 correspond to the 1-th numbers.

The air ■ obtained by cooling and dehumidifying outside air ■ with a relative humidity of 65 seconds and a temperature of 31'''5℃ using a total heat exchanger and a relative humidity of 50 degrees Celsius.
Air obtained by mixing indoor air with a temperature of 26℃■
is supplied to the latent heat exchanger 2. The water vapor contained in the air (2) is adsorbed by the moisture absorbent, and the temperature of the air (2) decreases to 16% relative humidity and 31.5°C. This air ■ is sent to the humidifier 3 where it is humidified and cooled to a relative temperature of 80-
1. Obtain air ■ at a temperature of 18°C. This air ■ is supplied into the room.

In this way, indoor air at a temperature of 26°C is cooled to 18°C.

Next, FIG. 6 is a psychrometric diagram showing the operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, and the numbers in FIG. 6 correspond to the numbers in FIG. 4. The process up to dehumidification using the latent heat exchanger 2 is the same as that shown in FIG. Latent heat exchanger 2t - Before sending the exiting air to the humidifier 3, it is precooled by the sensible heat exchanger 411C. In other words, the air (■) with a relative humidity of 16% and the outside air (■) at 31.5°C is transferred to the humidifier 51.
Sensible heat is exchanged between Vc and the cooled air (27.5°C) to cool the air (2) to 28.5°C to obtain air (2).

This air is humidified and cooled by humidifier 3 to achieve a relative humidity of 95%.
Obtain air ■ at 5°C and supply this air into the room.

When compared with the device shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the temperature of the air finally obtained is 3° C. lower due to the use of the sensible heat exchanger.

Reference example! -12 As a hygroscopic material, 'MIICJ 2 t CaCl2,
and Li (J2°) Using silica gel as a carrier, the carrier was immersed in an aqueous solution of each moisture-absorbing material for 24 hours from t'1, and then dried to obtain a moisture-absorbing agent.
7 to 0.4017I! The hygroscopic material was supported on the carrier. A dehumidifying operation was performed by passing outside air into a test container loaded with about 100 II of a moisture absorbent. Thereafter, the used moisture absorbent was treated with electricity and regenerated. The results are summarized in Table 1 below. The same procedure was conducted when conductive activated carbon was used as a carrier for silica gel, and the results are shown in the same table as a comparative example.

Example 1-12 Using each of the hygroscopic agents of Reference Example 1-12 and Comparative Reference Example, indoor air was cooled according to the psychrometric chart shown in FIG.

The coefficient of performance at this time is shown in Table 2. When the moisture absorbent of Reference Example 1-12 was used, the value was 1.12 to &26, while when the moisture absorbent of Comparative Example was used, the value was 0.19.

Table 2 1 Reference example 1 &262
“ 2L48 3 ' 3 L304
“4L34 5” 5L28 6 “5 1.127
“ 7
1.748 “8z
31 9 “ 9 2..3110
“10 t2811
“11 3.0612 “1
2 5.25 Comparative example Comparative reference example
0.19 Effect The air conditioner of the present invention can obtain a coefficient of performance that is approximately 10 to 20 times higher than that of a conventional differential air conditioner using solar heat. Therefore, desiccant air conditioning can be performed without using a solar heat collector that requires a large area, and the device of the present invention can be applied as an air conditioning system for buildings, factories, or general homes, for example. can. In addition, in the device of the present invention, ambient temperature outside air can be used as the regeneration air until that time, and there is almost no heat generation during regeneration. Furthermore, since the hygroscopic agent of the present invention is in the form of particles, it has features such as higher contact efficiency with air compared to conventional honeycomb-type hygroscopic agents or liquid hygroscopic agents.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 4 are schematic configuration diagrams showing an apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a latent heat exchanger using the device cK of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a preferred rotary latent heat exchanger. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are psychrometric diagrams showing the effect of the present invention. ' 2...Latent heat exchanger, 3...Humidifier 4,...
...Regeneration power source 22...Moisture absorbing material 23...Carrier 31...Center electrode 32...Surrounding electrical number 3
3...Metal piece 34...Reproduction band 35...Moisture absorption band (5 people outside)

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A desiccant air conditioner comprising a latent heat exchanger, a humidifier, and a regeneration power source, which includes: a) passing indoor air through the latent heat exchanger, then supplying it indoors through a humidifier; an indoor air flow path; b) a regeneration air flow path for sending regeneration air to a latent heat exchanger and exhausting humid air; c) a latent heat exchanger containing crystalline water on a non-conductive carrier and d) an electrode electrically connected to a power source for regeneration is disposed in the latent heat exchanger with the moisture absorbent disposed therebetween. A desiccant air conditioner consisting of; 2) The device according to claim 1, wherein a sensible heat exchanger is disposed in the indoor air flow path between the latent heat exchanger and the humidifier, and the indoor air flowing out from the latent heat exchanger is precooled. . 3) The device according to claim 1, wherein the latent heat exchanger is a rotary latent heat exchanger. 4) The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the heat exchange fluid of the sensible heat exchanger is humidified and cooled outside air. 5) Supports include silica, alumina, glass fiber, iron oxide,
An inorganic oxide made of magnesia, zeolite, ceramics, or a mixture thereof; a plastic made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, or a mixture thereof; or vegetable fiber; The apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 4. 6) Moisture-absorbing materials include magnesium chloride, calcium chloride,
6. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is lithium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate or a mixture thereof. 7) AC voltage 10 to 600V with a frequency of 60Hz or less
7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the moisture absorbent is regenerated by applying this to the electrode. 8) A rotary latent heat exchanger is one in which a plurality of surrounding electrodes are disposed around the circumference, insulated from each other but in contact with the moisture absorbent, and in contact with at least a portion of the surrounding electrodes. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein a metal piece is installed in a state in which the latent heat exchanger is heated, and a voltage from a regeneration power source is applied to the rotating shaft of the rotary latent heat exchanger and the metal piece.