JPS61131821A - Methods of setting angle correction for shaving cutter and adjustment of infeed depth in addition gear measuring machine used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To aim at the promotion of efficiency in machining, by measuring a setting angle of a helical gear and the depth of infeed in a cutter with a gear measuring instrument built in a gear shaving machine and adjusting these elements at the time of shaving the helical gear, whereby making a numerically controlled machine operatable. CONSTITUTION:A detector slide provided with a detector with gauge heads 45 and 46 is tilted so as to accord with a helix angle Bg of a measured gear 50, and when these gauge heads 45 and 46 are moved along a generating bus line, these heads 45 and 46 measure errors of the helix angle of the gear 50 along a face width direction. These data are inputted into a processor 67, and on the basis of these data, a helix angle error betat of the gear 50 is calculated by the processor 67. And, this error betat is fed to a numerically controlled machine as a setting correction signal for a shaving cutter 74, and with this machine, a proper mechanism is operated, thus the setting angle of the shaving circuit 74 is corrected and adjusted. In addition, using these gauge heads 45 and 46, an error of base tangent length in the gear 50 is calculated whereby the depth of infeed in the shaving cutter 74 is adjusted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a method for correcting the installation angle and adjusting the depth of cut of a shaving cutter, and a gear measuring machine used in the method. [Prior Art] When shaving a helical gear, a conventional surgeon sets the angle of a shaving cutter relative to the gear by trial and error.

That is, the helix angle of the shaved gear is measured, and if it is not finished correctly, the angle at which the cutter is attached is corrected, and the shaved gear is re-shaved to see if it is finished as desired. This also applies to the depth of cut.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

When shaving helical gears, the conventional technology described above is used, but such trial and error increases the number of man-hours and is complicated, and also poses problems in terms of product quality control. will come.

The present invention calculates the helical gear torsion angle error using a gear measuring device that can be integrally installed on a shaving machine, and thereby sends a signal for correcting the mounting angle of the shaving cutter to N. Calculate the mating tooth thickness of the helical gear, compare this value with the theoretical value, and send a signal to the N/C machine to adjust the cutting depth of the cutter based on the result. N/CI depending on the signal
It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art by making it possible to operate a J-machine to efficiently and reliably perform shaving processing.

[Means for solving problems]

The mounting angle correction method of a shaving cutter according to the present invention includes the following means.

(1) Torsion angle βg on the basic cylinder of the helical gear being measured by the detector slide attached with the detector stand with the probe
The measuring head is moved along the generating line that appears when the gear is cut by a plane tangent to its base circle, the gear is measured in the face width direction, and the data is input to the processor, and the measurement head is measured based on the curvature data. The error β of the helix angle of the gear is
t and sends a signal to the N/Cll1 machine to correct the mounting angle of the shaving cutter.

(2) Adjust the two probes on the detector stand to an interval calculated according to the specifications of the helical gear to be measured, and place the detector slide with the detector stand attached on the base cylinder of the gear. Tilt the gear by a helix angle βg, move the two probes along the generating generatrix that appears when the gear is cut by a plane tangent to its base circle, measure the gear in the face width direction, and input the data to the processor. Then, based on the data, the error βt of the helix angle of the gear is calculated, and based on this, a signal is sent to the -N/C machine to correct the mounting angle of the shaving cutter.

The gear measuring machine of the present invention consists of the following means.

(1) A stand that can be attached to a gear processing machine, a slide that can slide on the stand, a support stand that is provided on the slide and that can move up and down, and a main shaft that is rotatably supported with respect to the support stand. and a measuring section supported by the main shaft, and the measuring section includes a detecting section on one side of the main shaft that is spatially rotatable and reciprocally movable with respect to the main shaft in a plane perpendicular to the main shaft. and an encoder for detecting the magnitude of the reciprocating movement, and an angle encoder on the other side of the main shaft for detecting the magnitude of the rotation of the detection section.

(2) a stand that can be mounted on a gear processing machine, a slide that can slide on the stand, a support stand that is provided on the slide and that can move up and down, a main shaft that is rotatably supported with respect to the support stand; An angle encoder fixed to one side of the main shaft, a built-in motor part fixed to the other side of the main shaft, a drive motor provided in the built-in motor part, an encoder interlocked with the drive motor, and an encoder fixed to the built-in motor part. a detector slide that can be reciprocated on the guide rail by the drive motor via a suitable transmission means, a detector stand rotatably attached to the detector slide, and a guide rail for the detector stand. It consists of two detectors that are slidably mounted on the sensor and have probes.

The method for adjusting the cutting depth of a shaving cutter according to the present invention includes the following means.

(1) Adjust the two probes on the detector stand to an interval calculated according to the specifications of the helical gear to be measured, and place the detector slide with the detector stand attached on the base cylinder of the gear. Inclined by a torsion angle β, the above-mentioned 2
moving one measuring element to measure the gear in the face width direction, inputting the data to a processor, calculating the tooth thickness of the gear on the basis of the data, and comparing this value with the theoretical value,
Based on the results, set the cutting depth of the shaving cutter to 01.
Send a signal to the N/C machine.

[Effect]

If a detector slide with a detector stand with a gauge head attached is tilted so as to match the helix angle βg of the gear to be measured, and the gauge head is moved along the generation generatrix of the gear, the gauge head will move as shown above. Since the error in the torsion angle of the gear is measured along the face width direction, this data is input to the processor, and based on this data, the processor can calculate the torsion color error βt of the gear. Then, this βt is sent to the N/C machine as a shaving cutter mounting angle correction signal, and the machine operates an appropriate mechanism to correct and adjust the shaving cutter mounting angle.

In addition, two probes on the detector stand are used, and the distance between the probes is adjusted to a predetermined distance calculated based on the specifications of the gear to be measured. By performing the helix angle measurement operation, it is possible to calculate the torsion angle error βt of the gear, and based on this, the same operation as described above is performed to correct and adjust the mounting angle of the shaving cutter.

In addition, there is a support stand that can be slid and moved up and down on a stand that can be mounted on the gear processing machine, and a main shaft is rotatably supported on this support stand, and one side of this main shaft is Since it is a gear measuring machine, it has a detection part that can rotate and move back and forth, a measuring part that has an encoder for detecting reciprocating movement, and an angle encoder on the other side, so it cannot be installed in a limited space. I can do it. Therefore, by installing this measuring device on a gear processing machine, it is possible to efficiently measure the helix angle error of the gear to be measured, and based on this, the mounting angle of the shaving cutter can be corrected and adjusted. .

Furthermore, two measuring points are used on the detector stand, and the distance between the two measuring points is adjusted to a predetermined distance calculated by using a constant gear to be measured, and this is adjusted to the helix angle of the gear. The gear is tilted by βg and moved along the generating line, and the data in the face width direction is input to the processor. Based on this data, the error in the gear tooth thickness is calculated, and this is used as a cutting depth correction signal for the shaving cutter. The cut depth of the shaving cutter is corrected and adjusted by the N/C machine by operating an appropriate mechanism.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Before entering into the description of the embodiments, the relationship between the helix angle of the helical gear and the generating generatrix will be described.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a base cylinder, 2 is a base circle diameter Dg, and 3 is an involute helicoid. The helical gear's helical surface is an involute helicoid as shown in Figure 1.
The lead angle is the torsion angle. Therefore, the twist angle is defined from the rotation angle and the advance amount.

FIG. 2 is an expanded version of FIG. 1, and in order to measure the helix angle, it is necessary to have a mechanism for measuring the rotation of the gear and the distance in the axial direction.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the generating generatrix 4 appears when the helical gear is cut along a plane 5 that is in contact with the base cylinder 1, so it can be measured on this plane. As shown in FIG. 4, if the plane tangent to the base cylinder 1 of the helical gear is 5, then the left tooth flank 6 and the right tooth flank 7 of the gear each have a generating line 8.9 on the tangent to the plane 5. The distance between both generatrix lines is generally called the matagi tooth thickness.

By the way, in this case, the torsion angle is the angle β on the basic cylinder
g, the relationship with the torsion angle βO on the pitch cylinder is □o from FIG. 2, “tanβo=Dg/lanβ9 However, there is a relationship where DO is the pitch circle diameter.

Therefore βo= tan' (Do/Dg-tanβg)
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a torsion angle error measuring device used in the mounting angle correction and cutting depth adjustment method of a shaving cutter according to the present invention, in which reference numeral 13 denotes a stand formed integrally with the shaving machine. , 14 is an air cylinder 15 and a rond 16
A slide that can slide on the stand 13, 17 is a screw 18
, a support base that can be vertically adjusted via a vertical adjustment knob 19;
3 is an angle encoder, and 24 is a main shaft, which is rotatably supported by the support base 17 via a bearing 25. In addition, the main shaft 2
4 is integrally formed with a motor built-in portion 26 in front thereof.

The rotation angle of the main shaft 24 with respect to the support base 17 is finely adjusted by a tightening/rotation fine adjustment tool 22 consisting of a clamp 27 and a knob 28. A drum 29 including a drive motor 3G, an encoder 31, etc., and a detector slide 32 are supported in the motor built-in portion 26. A steel belt 33 is fixed to the drum 29 at both ends 33a and 33b to form an endless shape, and a portion thereof is fixed to the detector slide 32. The detector slide 32 moves 1! on the guide rail 34! ! ! The detector slide 32 can be moved back and forth via a steel belt 33 by a drive motor 30. 35 is a guide roller for the steel belt 33.

A detector stand 40 is threaded at 41 on the detector slide 32, and an upper detector 43 and a lower detector 44 are movably mounted on a guide rail 42 of the detector stand 40.

45.46 is the probe, 47.48 is the code, 49 is the front 2
This is a knob that fixes both detectors 43 and 44 to the detector stand 40. Further, 5'l and 52 are teeth to be measured, and 53.54 is a tooth surface generation generatrix.

Figures 6 and 7 are a front view and a partially omitted side view of the measuring machine in Figure 5, and parts with the same symbols as in Figure 5 are the same structural parts as in Figure 5. , so its explanation will be omitted.

As can be seen from the description of FIG.
A support stand 17 is provided on the slide and is movable up and down.
A main shaft 24 is rotatably supported on the support base 11.
and a measuring section supported by the main shaft 24, and the measuring section has its equipment disposed on both sides of the main shaft 24.

That is, on one side of the main axis 24, in a plane perpendicular to the main axis,
It has a detecting section that is spatially rotatable and reciprocally movable with respect to the main shaft, and an encoder that detects the magnitude of this reciprocating movement. It has an angle encoder that detects the size. Since the measuring machine has such a simple configuration,
It can be used by attaching it to a shaving machine.

FIG. 8 is a system diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus used in the method of correcting the mounting angle of a shaving cutter and adjusting the depth of cut according to the present invention. In the same figure, the parts given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 5 represent the same structural parts as in FIG. 5, and therefore the explanation thereof will be omitted. 50 is a helical gear to be shaved and measured; 60 is a rotary encoder counter; 61.62
63 and 64 are electrical micrometers and A/D converters electrically connected to the upper detector 43; 63 and 64 are electrical micrometers and A/D converters electrically connected to the lower detector 44;
65 is an interface, 66 is a display, 67 is a processor, and 68 is a wiring for sending a feedback signal. Further, 71 is a control section of the N/C shaving machine, 72 is a hydraulic servo mechanism, 13 is a shaving cutter mounting angle adjustment mechanism, and 74 is a shaving cutter.

A method for correcting the mounting angle of a shaving cutter according to the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8.

When the gear measuring machine of the present invention is installed in a shaving machine, the detector slide 32 is parallel to the gear axis, and the encoder origin (the origin marked on the encoder) is 0. It is strictly regulated. The origin and the two probes 45 and 46 are on a line perpendicular to the gear axis. (Figure 7) First, the upper detector 43 and the lower detector 44 are slid on the guide rail 42, and the distance between the contact points 45 and 46 is calculated based on the specifications of the helical gear 50 to be shaved. Adjust the distance between L/cosβ using a block gauge or the like. Next, the angle encoder 23 is manually rotated by an angle β9. As described above, β1 is the helix angle on the base cylinder of the helical gear. Next, accurate β and fine adjustments are made using the tightening/rotary fine adjustment tool 22. As a result, the main shaft 24, the support part 26, the detector stand 40, the measuring head 45
．． 46 is set at the correct β position.

Next, in order to be able to measure both measuring elements 45 and 46 almost simultaneously over substantially the entire length of each of the two generating generatrixes, which appear as the intersection line between the left and right tooth flanks to be measured and the plane in contact with the base cylinder. , the detector stand 4G is rotated approximately β9 relative to the detector slide 32 in the direction opposite to the rotating direction of βg.
Adjust the rotation by using the angle scale on the outer periphery. As a result, the plane containing both probes 45.degree. 46 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the gear to be measured.

The angle of inclination of the detector slide 32 determined by the encoder must be accurate. However, when both probes are returned in opposite directions, if the measuring directions of both probes are approximately perpendicular, the error can be ignored as cos(t) output φ.

The slide 14 is adjusted by the air cylinder 15, and the vertical adjustment knob 19 is adjusted to move the measuring device forward and vertically on the table 13 so that both measuring elements 45 and 46 come into contact with the left and right tooth surfaces, respectively.

If both the measuring stylus 45 and 46 are on the tooth surface and there is no abnormality and there is no scale over, etc., the measuring stylus moves back once outside the tooth width and starts measurement.

The detector slide 32 is reciprocated and slid by the drive motor 30 via the steel belt 33, and both probes 45 and 46 on the detector stand 40 run on the left and right tooth flanks to start measurement in the tooth width direction, and then the drive An encoder 31 connected to the motor 30 generates sampling pulses at regular intervals, and inputs the data to the processor 67.

Since both the measuring elements 45 and 46 take in data independently on the left and right sides, there is no need for both measuring elements to be in contact with the tooth surface at the same time. Furthermore, the distance between the probes can also be measured from the respective differences. Due to the nature of the generatrix, the measurement area may not cover the entire tooth width, so care must be taken when choosing the measurement location. Also, as with general measurements, areas such as tooth tip correction must be excluded.

When the generation bus line is measured with reference to the rail on which the tracing head moves, the m curve shown in FIG. 9 is obtained from the data, for example. This sampling data is regressed onto the straight line n using the least squares method to obtain the error βt of the torsion angle of the helical gear to be measured. Since βS is the tilt angle read by the encoder, "β9=βt+βS".

Therefore, the twist angle β0 on the pitch cylinder is βo=jan-' (Do/Dg-tanβσ).

Measure β0 of both the left and right tooth flanks as described above, select the left tooth flank, the right tooth flank, or the average value of both the left and right tooth flanks, and feed this value back as a signal from the wiring 68 (Fig. 8). The data is then input to the control device 71 of the shaving machine.

When the control device I71 receives the feedback signal, it takes into account a correction coefficient that does not use this signal as it is, takes this into account and outputs it, thereby operating the mounting angle adjustment mechanism 73 to install the shaving cutter 74. Adjust or change the angle. In addition, since the tooth profile of a helical gear changes when the helix angle changes, it is actually necessary to add a correction coefficient to the measured value.

Next, a method of calculating the tooth thickness of a helical gear and adjusting the depth of cut when shaving with a cutter will be explained.

When the probe is on the normal line, the tooth surface is perpendicular to the normal line.

The distance is used as the matagi tooth thickness to manage the tooth thickness.

In the case of this machine, both detectors have independent channels, so set the gap between them using a block gauge or jig, and when the two channels actually touch the tooth surface, the movements of the two channels are different, so each The displacement is captured and calculated, and the results are fed back to the shaving process.

As can be seen from Figure 4, the distance between the probes is L or L/CO3β.
It is set to the value of g. When the measuring element measures the displacement outward from the dotted line on each of the left and right tooth flanks as shown in FIG. 10, from FIG. 11, 'a=b/sinα.

Here, 1, α is the pressure angle, b is the measured value of displacement, and the depth of cut is a.

The depth of cut is calculated in this way, but when it comes to shaving lines, even if you send the cutter by the depth of cut a, it may not necessarily cut by the amount b depending on the rigidity of the machine, the sharpness of the cutter, etc. do not have. Therefore, a function consisting of
It will also be factored into experience points.

That is, a=k·b/sin α Here, k is an amount that changes depending on the number of processes.

In FIG. 8, when a signal for adjusting the depth of cut of the shaving cutter is sent to the control device 71 of the shaving machine, the cutting motor 56, for example, rotates the screw 57. The support base 58 supporting the gear 50 is adjusted to adjust its position relative to the shaving cutter 74, thereby adjusting the depth of cut.

In this way, the depth of cut is determined by the N/C machine based on the instructions (information) from the gear measuring machine, and the gear measuring machine determines the current tooth and the specified value based on the information obtained by the two probes. It operates to calculate the difference in amount and perform further cutting support. The cutting depth of the shaving cutter is usually 0.025 to 0.05 a.
m is set to be sent.

Incidentally, the adjustment of the mounting angle and the adjustment of the cutting depth of the shaving cutter according to the present invention are carried out in the following steps.

(→ When correcting the mounting angle, 1. After shaving, the gear stops at the fixed position.

2. Slide forward → stop.

3. Move in the direction of the tooth width to detect the end face, then return in the opposite direction and measure the tooth width.

4. Modify the shaving mounting angle based on the measurement results.

5. Return to step 1 and perform steps 1 to 3.

6. Once the angle reaches O, we move on to mass production.

B When controlling tooth thickness: 1. After completing a certain amount of shaving processing, move the probe forward and then stop.

2. Tooth thickness measurement → Retraction.

3. Determining the depth of cut Cut so that the shaving process can be completed with one reprocessing.

This can be done as many times as needed in small batches, but the work time will increase, so the value of k should be known in advance empirically.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, by performing the simple operation of integrally mounting the gear measuring device on the shaving machine and then implementing the method of the present invention,
Calculates the error in the helix angle of the helical gear and sends a signal to the N/C1l machine to correct the mounting angle of the shaving cutter.
Alternatively, calculate the mating tooth thickness of a helical gear, compare this value with the theoretical value, and send a signal to the N/C machine to adjust the cutting depth of the cutter based on the result. /C
Since the machine can be operated, shaving can be performed efficiently and reliably.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an involute helicoid, Fig. 2 is a developed diagram thereof, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a generating bus, Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a helical gear, and Fig. 5 is an illustration of the method of the present invention. An overall perspective view of the gear measuring machine used, Figure 6 is a front view of the gear measuring machine shown in Figure 5, Figure 7 is a partially omitted side view of the gear measuring machine shown in Figure 5, and the opening is a measuring tip. Fig. 8 is an overall system diagram of the device used in the method of the present invention, and Fig. 9 is based on the results of measuring the torsion angle error of gears by the method of the present invention. The drawn diagrams, FIGS. 10 and 11, are explanatory diagrams of the measurement of the tooth thickness. 13...stand, 14...slide, 17φ・support stand, 23
・・Angle encoder, 24・・Main shaft, 26・・Motor built-in part, 30・・Drive motor, 31・・・Encoder, 32
...Detector slide, 34...Guide rail, 40...Detector stand, 42...Guide rail, 45.46...Measure head,
50... Helical gear to be modified, 61... Processor,
14...Shaving cutter.

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) Creation that appears when a detector slide with a detector stand with a probe is tilted by a helical angle βg on the base cylinder of the helical gear to be measured, and the gear is cut along a plane tangent to the base circle. The measurement head is moved along the generatrix line to measure the gear in the face width direction, and the data is input to the processor. Based on the data, the error βt of the helix angle of the gear is calculated, and thereby the shaving cutter's helix angle error βt is calculated. A method for correcting the mounting angle of a shaving cutter, characterized by sending a signal for correcting the mounting angle to an N/C machine. (2) Adjust the two probes on the detector stand to an interval calculated according to the specifications of the helical gear to be measured, and place the detector slide with the detector stand attached on the base cylinder of the gear. Tilt the gear by a helix angle βg, move the two probes along the generating generatrix that appears when the gear is cut by a plane tangent to its base circle, measure the gear in the face width direction, and input the data to the processor. A method for correcting the mounting angle of a shaving cutter, characterized in that the error βt of the helix angle of the gear is calculated based on the data, and a signal for correcting the mounting angle of the shaving cutter is outputted to an N/C machine. (3) Adjust the two probes on the detector stand to an interval calculated according to the specifications of the helical gear to be measured, and place the detector slide with the detector stand attached on the base cylinder of the gear. After tilting by a torsion angle βg, and then returning the detector stand to the detector slide in the opposite direction by approximately the torsion angle βg, the two measuring elements are moved on the guide rail to almost simultaneously touch both the left and right teeth. 3. The method of correcting the mounting angle of a shaving cutter according to claim 2, wherein the mounting angle of a shaving cutter is measured. (4) When the gauge head is brought into contact with the helical gear, and there is no abnormality and no scale over, etc., the gauge head moves in the face width direction, detects the end face, and once moves outside the face width, 4. The method for correcting the mounting angle of a shaving cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the measurement of the tooth width is started after turning back. (5) A stand that can be attached to a gear processing machine, a slide that can slide on the stand, a support stand that is provided on the slide and that can move up and down, and a main shaft that is rotatably supported with respect to the support stand. and a measuring section supported by the main shaft, and the measuring section has a detecting section on one side of the main shaft that is spatially rotatable and reciprocally movable with respect to the main shaft within a plane perpendicular to the main shaft. An encoder for detecting the magnitude of the reciprocating movement, and further comprising an angle encoder on the other side of the main shaft for detecting the magnitude of the rotation of the detection section. (6) a stand that can be mounted on a gear processing machine, a slide that can slide on the stand, a support stand that is provided on the slide and that can move up and down, a main shaft that is rotatably supported with respect to the support stand; An angle encoder fixed to one side of the main shaft, a built-in motor part fixed to the other side of the main shaft, a drive motor provided in the built-in motor part, an encoder interlocked with the drive motor, and an encoder fixed to the built-in motor part. a detector slide that can be reciprocated on the guide rail by the drive motor via a suitable transmission means, a detector stand rotatably attached to the detector slide, and a guide rail for the detector stand. A gear measuring machine comprising two detectors each having a measuring element and slidably attached to the gear. (7) Adjust the two probes on the detector stand to an interval calculated according to the specifications of the helical gear to be measured, and place the detector slide with the detector stand attached on the base cylinder of the gear. Tilt the gear by a helix angle βg, move the two probes along the generating generatrix that appears when the gear is cut by a plane tangent to its base circle, measure the gear in the face width direction, and input the data to the processor. calculate the gear tooth thickness of the gear based on the data, compare this value with the theoretical value, and send a signal to the N/C machine to adjust the cutting depth of the shaving cutter based on the result. A method for adjusting the cutting depth of a shaving cutter. (8) When the measured value of the displacement from the theoretical value of the helical gear tooth thickness is b and the pressure angle of the gear is α, calculate the depth of cut a of the shaving cutter using the formula a=b/sinα. 8. The method of adjusting the depth of cut of a shaving cutter according to claim 7, wherein a signal for adjusting the depth of cut of the shaving cutter is output to the N/C machine. (9) Determine the empirical value k that takes into consideration the rigidity of the shaving machine, the sharpness of the cutter, the number of processes, etc., and a = k・b/s
N/C signal to adjust cutter cutting depth by inα
9. A method for adjusting the depth of cut of a shaving cutter according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the cutting depth is adjusted by applying the cutter to a machine.