JPS61129248A - Production of helical gears - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a helical gear wheel with high efficiency at low cost with a small capacity press by putting a blank on a helical gear forming die, by subjecting the blank to an indentation plastic work with relative rotation of a die and blank by the descent of the punch with helical gear and by shearing the excess metal by a punch tooth form. CONSTITUTION:A blank 3 having equivalent to or adequately smaller outer diameter is put on the forming die 2 of the helical gear 5 of which tooth line is non-straight line. The blank 3 is subjected to an indentation plastic deforma tion work by rotating relatively the die 2 on a thrust spacer 24 with fitting the roller 21 of the upper die and the guide groove 27 of the die 2 by the descent of the punch 1 with helical gear 4. With the engagement of the die tooth die 5 of the helical gear die 4 of the punch 1 in succession the excess metal 11 of the forming blank 9 is blanked with shearing. The helical gear tooth form formation and shaving are performed at the same time and the plastic work is reasonable and a good shaped helical gear is produced with high efficiency at low cost with a small capacity press.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Field of use on M beams) The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing toothed members such as helical gears in which the tooth lines are not straight. (Prior art and its problems) Gears are extremely widely used as elements for transmitting motion, and there are many types of gears, but in a situation where environmental problems are becoming more serious these days, although they are inexpensive, gears are In place of spur gears, which are disadvantageous in terms of noise due to their low ratio, double helical gears are increasingly being used, and this tendency is particularly strong in high-speed rotation applications. Conventionally, when manufacturing double helical gears, the general method used was to cut the blank with a hob cutter or pinion cutter, and if necessary, add post-processing such as gear shaving or gag grinding to make the product. . but,
Since this method involves forming a tooth profile by gradually producing chips, it has the drawbacks of low efficiency and high cost. Therefore, instead of such a cutting gear processing method, a method of manufacturing gears by a method called so-called plastic working has been proposed and implemented, and representative examples include cold/hot rolling method and cold/heat rolling method. There is an intermediate forging method. Although these methods have the advantage of higher productivity and no cutting chips than pure gear cutting methods using hobs, etc., they are not necessarily practical as a manufacturing method for helical gears due to the following drawbacks. Ta. In other words, the rolling method requires an expensive specialized machine, and the processing method is to flow the material in the circumferential direction and build it up, making it difficult to divide the circumference of the material into a predetermined number of teeth. However, one problem was that it was not possible to create a tooth profile with a very high tooth height. Furthermore, when manufacturing a gear having a hollow shaft hole, there is a problem in that the shaft hole is deformed by rolling pressure. On the other hand, the forging method requires extremely high processing power because it is necessary to plastically flow the entire gear material, the press equipment is also large, and advanced technology is required for mold design and manufacturing, resulting in an overall high cost. The disadvantage was that it was expensive. (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention was created through repeated research in order to solve the problems of the conventional method as described above, and its purpose is to reduce the number of teeth and the tooth height. Double-sided gears with a high degree of freedom and hollow shaft holes and similar toothed parts with non-linear tooth lines can be manufactured very simply and efficiently, and at low cost using a small-capacity, low-rigidity press with low die load. The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the same. Another object of the present invention, in addition to the first object, is to provide a method for manufacturing a double-sided gear and similar products with even higher precision. A further object of the invention is to provide a device suitable for achieving the first and second objects. In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors changed the idea of conventional machining methods and added helical gear machining in which the relative motion of the tool is diagonal to the blank and non-linear. The idea is to obtain similar products. To be more specific, the basic idea of the present invention is to employ a new shearing method that combines the advantages of conventional shearing and cutting. In other words, in conventional shearing processing, the
), the material sandwiched between a pair of tools undergoes so-called "shear deformation" (
Material portion ABCD undergoes linear shear deformation, resulting in A B
C'D') is applied to a predetermined portion of the material (Fig. 19(b)). This shift deformation is reduced by shortening the distance between the pair of tool edges to the extent that the deformation of the material is exhausted. This causes the same material to split (Fig. 19 (
C)) was considered to be the essence of processing. In this case, if the horizontal gap C (clearance) of the tool is made small enough, the fibers of the material will undergo shear deformation in an extremely narrow range, as shown in Figure 19 (A), and will eventually come out from between the two blades. The generated cracks (α, α' in FIG. 19) combine to cause separation of the material or breakage. In this way, a pair of tools are always used in shearing, and since cracks occur and communicate along the line connecting the cutting edges of these tools, it is extremely easy to control the shape of the separation surface (deformation area It is characterized by the fact that it can be confined in a narrow area connecting the cutting edges of both tools. On the other hand, the deformation mode during cutting is shown in Fig. 20 (g).
As shown in , it can be understood as, for example, deforming the material without a die in shear processing and ultimately causing it to break. In the case of such a deformation mode, "toriichiyo" (δl in Fig. 20 (α), Fig. 21 (
As long as 62) in g) is sufficiently small relative to the plate thickness t, the deformed portion of the material is limited to the δl side and flows as so-called chips, making it easy to obtain a cut surface along the punch movement line. I can do it. That is, the movement of the punch is not limited to a linear shape as in shearing. Therefore, it is not difficult to finish a well-known round bar material into a circular shape with a smaller diameter using a "punch" called a cutting tool, as long as the machining allowance is small. However, in cutting processing, as shown in Figure 21 (IL),
If the machining depth 9 becomes larger than the thickness of the material, no die is present as in shearing, and the deformation region of the material near the punch tip cannot be concentrated in a narrow area. Therefore, it is no longer possible to generate so-called chips, and even if the machining load is increased, the material
The blade undergoes a wide range of deformation, resulting in either a so-called bending deformation pattern (FIG. 21(b)), or the cutter is damaged. In other words, in cutting processing, the path of movement of the blade (and therefore the contour of the product) is not limited to a straight line;
It is understood that this method has a drawback in that the amount of material that can be removed as chips by the repeated movement of the blade, that is, the amount of processing is much smaller than that of shear processing. In order to overcome these drawbacks of machining, for example, when attempting to form an impolied spline on an internal tooth by a cutting process called broaching, all impolied teeth can be machined in one process, but - Since the machining allowance is limited to a small value, broach teeth, which are cutting tools, must have a structure in which dozens of teeth are arranged in multiple stages in the machining direction, making the cost of the tool extremely high. Put it away. Moreover, it is almost impossible to process the outer impurity due to the structure of the tool. The purpose of the present invention is to enable a large amount of machining in one tool movement, which is impossible in cutting machining, and to create a spiral-like product profile in the machining direction, which was believed to be impossible with conventional shear machining. The purpose of this invention is to provide a new processing method that can produce non-linear shapes. For this reason, the inventors of the present invention went against conventional wisdom and performed shear processing in which the relative movement path of the tool was non-linear, like a spiral, and surprisingly, it was found that it was possible. did. As mentioned above, in shear processing, the material is separated due to shear deformation of the material, so in processing using a punch and die, generally speaking, the amount of push into the material by the punch and the amount of push into the material by the die are be equal. However, according to the knowledge of the present inventors, although such a processing form is of course possible, it is not an essential condition for this processing that the above-mentioned indentation amount and the indentation amount are equal.
Processing is performed in a manner that combines pure shear deformation phenomena and cutting phenomena, especially when the amount of punch indentation is smaller than the amount of material pushed into the die (in this case, pure shear deformation phenomena and material It has been found that a more desirable product shape can be obtained with a combination of cutting phenomena inferred from deformation in the radial direction. Therefore, the present invention creates a helical tooth or similar tooth profile on a material by moving a pair of blades relative to each other in a non-linear manner, rather than moving a pair of blades relatively linearly as in the past. In other words, the present invention is characterized in that, in order to obtain a helical gear or a similar toothed member, a punch and a die each having a pair of blade portions with non-linear tooth lines are used. The purpose of this method is to place a material between them and move the punch and die relative to each other in a non-linear manner to deform the material until it breaks. In addition to the above configuration, the present invention is characterized by:
A shaving blade is provided behind the stroke of one of the punch and die, and finishing processing is performed in the same process by non-linear relative movement between the punch and die, and a highly accurate shaving tooth or similar blade is provided. The object of the present invention is to obtain a toothed member. Non-linear relative movement of the punch and die is usually achieved by keeping one stationary and the other in a spiral motion as it approaches a stationary cutting tool, or by moving one in a straight line and rotating the other around a vertical axis. can get. The present invention can be carried out in cold, warm or hot conditions, and not only solid materials but also materials with shaft holes or bosses formed therein can be used. The materials are mainly metals such as steel, aluminum metals, copper metals, etc., but non-metallic materials such as plastics, composite materials of two or more types, etc. are also applicable. (Example) Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 3 show the principle of the method for manufacturing toothed gears of the present invention, and Figure 4 (P), (B), and (C) show the state of the material at each stage in Figures 1 to 3. It shows change. The present invention provides a punch 1 in which a blade portion 4 with a non-linear tooth line is formed on the periphery, and a blade portion 5 that pairs with the blade portion 4 of the punch in manufacturing a helical gear. Using a die 2, the punch 1 and the die 2 are opposed to each other in such a manner that the blade parts 4 and 5 are properly engaged with each other to deepen the degree of engagement. Then, the material 3 is placed between the punch 1 and the die 2. The material 3 may be solid or may have holes formed in advance. Further, the diameter of the material is sufficiently larger than the outer diameter of the tooth tip, and the material may be, for example, a single sheet. Next, the gear 1 and the die 2 are moved relative to each other in a non-linear manner, for example, in the case of manufacturing a helical gear.
The simplest method is to keep either the punch 1 or the die 2 stationary and make the other move in a spiral motion. In Figures 1 to 8, the die 2 is stationary and the punch 1 is
This shows an example in which the punch 1 is caused to make a spiral movement relative to the die 1, and the spiral movement of the punch 1 must be performed at the latest from the moment when the tip surface 6 of the punch 1 comes into contact with the upper surface of the material 3. Material 3 is the tip face 6 of punch 1 and die 2
Then, the lower surface is pushed into the blade part 5 of the die 2 by the pressing force accompanied by the spiral movement of the punch 1, and the local part begins to be deformed obliquely by the number of blade parts and by the spiral movement. Regarding the deformation state of the material below, a case will be described in which the outer diameter of the material is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the punch in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this case, as the amount of the material pushed into the die increases due to the subsequent spiral movement of the punch 1, as shown in FIG. Each tooth profile 8 with a non-linear tooth line is gradually created, and the material 3 undergoes a spiral movement until the tip of the blade of the punch 1 reaches the upper end of the blade of the die 2, thereby reducing the thickness of the material 3. The entire product is punched out, resulting in a product 9 in which the desired helical tooth profile 10 is formed locally. Then, scraps 11 are left on the die. 12 is paris, and 13 is a sore that occurred on the tip of the product tooth. Note that if the material diameter is made slightly smaller than the punch outer diameter, the sag can be made smaller than in the case where this is not the case. In creating helical teeth in such a preferred embodiment, the amount of biting of the punch 1 into the material 3 and the amount of pushing into the die are not equal, and the amount of material being pushed into the die is equal to the amount of material being pushed into the die by the punch 1. As machining progresses, the outer periphery of the material corresponding to the spaces between the teeth locally bulges out in the radial direction. The portion of the material in contact with the punch tip surface 6 does not move (rotate) relative to the punch 1. Therefore, although the mechanism for producing the chip teeth in the preferred embodiment is basically a shearing process using a punch and die, it is a special processing form that incorporates a kind of cutting mechanism. ing. Figures 5 to 17 show the press mold for carrying out the present invention and the manufactured parts of the wobbling gears,
The press mold consists of a pair of punches and dies with non-linear tooth lines, and a mechanism that gives them relative spiral motion. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, the punch 1 is moved linearly, and the die 2 is rotated by a roller provided on the punch side and a helical groove on the die side, so that the relative helical distance between the punch and the die is Trying to get some exercise. In detail, 13 is an upper die set attached to the ram, and the punch 1 having a blade part (helical tooth) 5 formed on the periphery is integrally connected to a punch plate 14 and a backing plate 15 via bolts 16. , the punch plate 14 is fixed to the upper screw set by bolts (not shown). A stripper 17 is elastically supported in the outer circumferential direction of the punch 1 by a spring 18 and a bottle 19, and a support body 20 having a height greater than that of the punch 1 is fixed to the outer circumferential side of the stripper 17. A plurality of rollers 21.21 are arranged inside this support body 20. Support 2
0 is composed of a cylindrical body in the illustrated one. Next, in the lower guide set 22 fixed to the bed side,
A thrust washer 24 is provided via a bottom plate 23,
A die 2 having seven flange (or die plate) 25 is rotatably mounted on the thrust washer 24, and lifting is regulated by a die holder 26 having seven inward flange with respect to the seven flange 25. . A blade portion (teeth) 5 that meshes with the blade portion 4 of the punch 1 is provided inside the die 2. In the illustrated example, the blade portion 5 is integrally formed with the die 3, but it is preferable that the blade portion 5 be fitted as a separate member. Then, on the outer periphery of the die 3, there is a roller 21 on the punch side.
．． Helical guide groove 27 that brings 21 into rolling contact
, 27 are formed. The guide groove 27.27 is the blade part 4
The lead rotation angle is the same as the helix angle of , 5, and the upper end of the groove is open to the upper surface of the die. In order to set the rotation start position of the die 2 in the lower die set 22, a spring installed inside a positioning block 28.28 is fixed, and a stopper pin 29 is attached to the lower die set 22 so as to be able to protrude and retract in the radial direction of the die. A recess 30 that engages with the tip of the stopper pin 29 is provided on the outer periphery of the die 7 flange 25. When manufacturing a double helical gear using the above mold, the material 3 is placed on the die 2, centered by an appropriate method, and then the press ram is activated to lower the upper die set 13. When the upper die set 13 is lowered, the rollers 21, 21 attached to the support body 20 first enter the helical guide groove 27° 27 formed on the outer periphery of the die 2, before the gent 1 comes into contact with the material 3. Then, due to the subsequent linear downward movement on the punch side, the rollers 21, 21 move into the guide groove 27.
It rolls along ゜27 and makes contact. This allows dice 2
The punch 1 starts rotating at the same helix angle as the helix angle of the id groove, and at the same time, the tip surface 6 of the punch 1 comes into contact with the upper surface of the material 3 and pushes the material 3 toward the die side. This causes a relative helical movement of the helical tooth-shaped blade portion 4.5, and the peripheral portion of the material 3 is sheared obliquely by the blade portion 5. The product 9 is punched out. Then, when the press ram rises, the roller 2 of the support body 20
1 and 21 retreat helically along the guide groove 27°2T, the die 2 rotates in the opposite direction and removes the scraps 1.
1 is left on the die and the punch 1 reaches top dead center. When the die rotates to a predetermined position, the stopper pin 29 engages with the recess 30, so that the next rotation start position is automatically set. Fig. 10 shows a mold for manufacturing highly accurate 1/J helical teeth or similar toothed members by shaving with the same stroke, and the manufacturing situation using this mold. Similar to Figures 9 to 9, the punch is moved linearly and the die is rotated to form a double bevel tooth shape, and a shaving die placed behind the stroke of the die shaves the double bevel tooth shape. . In FIG. 10, the die 2 includes an outer circumferential body 32 in which helical guide grooves 27, 2γ are formed on the outer circumference, and a punching blade body 5tL that is fitted and fixed to the inner circumference of the mouth of the outer circumferential body 32.
and a shaping blade body 5b which is fitted and fixed at the rear of the stroke of the punching blade body 5b. It is growing. The two blade bodies 5a and 5b are the husband punch 1.
A helical-toothed blade corresponding to the blade portion 4 is formed. An annular bone body 33 is provided on the outer peripheral body 32 to support and fix the two-stage blade body. Since the other configurations are the same as those shown in FIG. 5, they are designated by the same reference numerals. In addition, as an example of a mechanism for centering the material 3, three claws 33 and a positioning plate 34 are used in this embodiment. When manufacturing a double helical gear according to this embodiment, 1. After placing the material 3 on the punching blade body 5α and performing centering, the press ram is operated to lower the upper die set 13. As in the case described above, the rollers 21.21 enter the guide grooves 27.27 of the die outer peripheral body 32 and roll in a helical manner, thereby forming the two-stage blade bodies 5α, 5b.
rotates, thereby imparting relative helical interlocking to the cutter, and the material 3 is first gradually formed into helical teeth by the punching blade body 5α and the blade portion 4 of the punch 1, and then As the punch 1 descends, the shaving blade body 5b spirally moves relative to the punch, so that the kerf tooth portion of the product punched by the upper blade body 5α is subsequently shaved and falls into the die. The press ram then rises, causing the rollers 21,
21 rises along the guide grooves 27, 27, the die 2 rotates in the opposite direction, and the blade portion 4 of the punch 1 moves to the two-step cutting edge portion 5c.
It rises while engaging with L and 5A. The punching debris 11 remains on the die, and the shaving debris 11α is removed from a droplet (not shown) provided on the side of the die 2 using a push rod or air. 11 to 13 show another embodiment of the present invention, in which, contrary to the case of FIGS. 5 to 10, the punch 1 is kept stationary and the die 2 is rotated while moving up and down, so that a pair of It is designed to give a relative helical motion to the tooth-shaped blade portion. In this embodiment, shaving is performed in the same stroke, and holes are formed in the inner diameter portion of the helical teeth. First, regarding the upper die, a circular guide holder 35 is rotatably attached to the upper die set 13 via the thrust washer 24 and the die holder 26, and this guide holder 35
A helical guide groove 27 with an open bottom end is provided on the outer periphery of the guide groove 27.
27, and a punching die IL- is fixed to the inside of the guide holder 35 via a holding frame 50 biased by a spring 36 and a guide pin 37, and a shaving die 2b is fitted behind the stroke of the punching die 2cL. It is fixed. The punching die 2eL and the shaving die 2b each have blade portions 5a and 5b with non-linear tooth lines tucked inside. Next, the lower die is placed in an annular holder 38 on the lower die set 22.
is fixed, and the guide holder 35 is fixed to this holder 38.
Rollers 21, 21 that can fit into the guide grooves 27° 27 are attached to the holder 38, and the guide cushion 3 is attached to the holder 38.
A stripper plate 40 supported by the punching die 2eL is installed inside to be movable up and down, and the stripper plate 40 has a blade part 4 on its outer periphery with a non-linear tooth line corresponding to the punching die 2eL. A punch 1 is fixed. A positioning plate 42 is attached to the stripper plate 40. As a mechanism for hole drilling, a hole punch 43 is fixed inside the upper shaving die 2b with a gap between it and the blade portion 5b of the shaving die 2b, and a tooth profile knockout 44 is attached to the outer periphery of the hole punch 43. The punch 1 is provided with a hole-drilling die part 47 opposite to the hole-drilling punch 43, and can be raised and lowered by the projection and retraction of a dowel 46 inserted into the shank 45. The Okawa striker (knockout) 49 supported by 48 is interpolated. Although the hole punch 43 is used for shaving in this embodiment, it may of course be used as a punch punch, or a shaving punch may be provided at the rear of the stroke. Reference numeral 28 denotes a starting point alignment mechanism, the details of which have been described above and will therefore be omitted. Thus, in FIGS. 11 to 13, the material 3 is placed on the stopper plate 40, and centered by the positioning plate 42. Next, when the upper die is lowered by lowering the press ram, the rollers 21, 21 disposed on the holder 38 of the lower die enter the guide grooves 27, 27 of the guide holder 35 of the upper die. Further, as the ram descends, the rollers 21.21 roll into the guide grooves 27.27 while contacting them, so that the punching die 2eL and the shaving die 2
h rotates at the same helix angle as the helix angle of the guide grooves 27, 27, thereby imparting a spiral motion to the blade portions 4a, 4b. Then, at the same time that the punching die 2Lz contacts the material 3 and the shaving die 2b contacts the punching die 'la, spiral punching is started by the relative spiral movement between the punch 1 and the punching die 2cL, and a desired shape is formed on the outer periphery of the material. A helical tooth profile is created. After this punching process, the shaving die 2b
Since the shaving die 2b performs a helical movement relative to the punch 1, the shaving die 2b performs shaving into a helical tooth shape within the same stroke (same rotation). and,
At the same time, the hole punch 43 is pressurized downward by the protrusion of the knocker 46, so that the hole punch 43 and the hole punch 4T provided on the punch 1 perform hole machining. Next, when the ram rises, the stripper plate 40 rises by the guide cushion 39 and pushes out the punching waste 11 onto the stripper plate, and the hole machining waste 11A is removed from the hole.
As the IJ collar 49 rises, it is discharged onto the punch, and the shaving waste 11α is caused to fall onto the punching die, and the product is also caused to fall onto the punching die by the tooth profile knockout 44. Then, the shaving die 2b and the punching die'
la is raised by the rollers 21, 21 and guide grooves 27, 27 while rotating in the opposite direction to the lowering of the ram, and one cycle ends when the press reaches the top dead center. Further, the rotation start positions of the shaving die 2b and the punching die 2eL are fixed by the start point alignment mechanism 28α. FIGS. 14 to 17 show other embodiments of the present invention, in which relative spiral motion is synthesized by keeping the die stationary and giving vertical movement and rotation to the punch. For example, rather than a combination of rollers and guide grooves for vertical movement and rotation, a fixed shoe and a slider each forming a predetermined and identical helix angle can be used to obtain the same lead as the product lead. This is achieved by a child-type motion, and has the advantages of improving processing accuracy and reducing the outside diameter of the mold, and is suitable for forming casings in the cold. First, for the upper mold, a cylindrical holder 51 is fixed to the back of the upper grip set 13, and a half-split shoe 52 with a predetermined helix angle and lead is inserted into this holder 51 as shown in FIG. A spiral lead surface 520 of the shoe 52 having the same helix angle By is fixed to the shoe 52.
, 520 is inserted, and to this slider 53, a punch 1 having a blade portion 4 with a non-linear tooth line formed on the outer periphery is fixed. In this embodiment, a shaft portion 100 with seven flange is formed in the rear half of the punch, and this shaft portion 100 is attached to the slider 53.
It is fitted into the center hole 54 of. Then, the slider 53
A pressing member 55 extending from the ram is applied. In this embodiment, the 7-flange shaft portion 10 of the punch
The tip of the knock bar is screwed onto the 0. On the other hand, in the lower mold, a die 2cL having a blade portion 5α paired with the blade portion 4 of the punch 1 is provided on a lower die set 22 which connects the upper die set 13 with a fixed bore 56. In this embodiment, shaving is performed using the same stroke. Therefore, the shaving die 2b is fixed on the lower shaving die 2b, and guide bins 57, 57 penetrating in the height direction are attached to the periphery of the shaving die 2b so as to be movable up and down. A punching die 'la with a pair of blade parts 5eL is attached, and a desired positioning mechanism such as a three-claw type is arranged thereon. In addition, in order to perform hole machining with the same stroke, the punch 1 is provided with a hole machining die 4T, and a hole machining punch 43 is inserted and fixed in the shaving die 2b. A die cushion par 58 that penetrates the lower die set 22 is attached to the outer periphery of the hole punch 43.
A knockout 60 is fixed to the upper die set 13 for discharging punching waste, and a knockout 59 supported by the punch 1 of the upper die is attached to the upper die set 13 for discharging punching waste. 61 are provided. Lead and torsion angle B of the shoe 52 and slider 53
y (generally different from the helix angle of the product gear) is determined by the following formula. Here, B is the helix angle of the gear to be manufactured, d is the pitch circle diameter of the gear to be manufactured, and d is the shoe pitch circle diameter. To describe the manufacturing status of helical gears according to this example,
Punching die 2α being floated by guide bin 57
Material 3 is placed on top, and after centering, the press ram is lowered. This action causes the pressing member 55 attached to the ram to push out the slider 53 in the axial direction. As a result, the slider 5
3 rubs against the lead surfaces 520, 520 of the shoe 52 on the outer periphery and moves spirally in the holder 51, so the punch 1 fixed to the slider 53 descends while rotating with the same lead as the shoe 52. As the punch 1 descends, the punching die 2α is fixed in contact with the stationary shaving die 2b, and as a result, the punching die 2cL and the pair of blade portions 5eL, 4 of the punch 1
A relative helical movement is applied to the material 3, and helical punching of the material 3 is started. When the punch 1 reaches a predetermined stroke, the shaving die 2b and the blade part 5 of the punch 1 move within the same stroke.
b, 4 become a pair and relative spiral motion begins, so □,
A shaving process is performed on the tooth profile of the punched product 9, and at the same time, a hole process (hole punching or hole shaving) is performed using the hole process punch 43 and the hole process die 4T provided on the punch 1. Next, when the ram rises, the die cushion 58 pushes out the product onto the shaving die as the knockout 59 rises, and the hole machining residue 1i is discharged from the knockout 61 on the punch side, and the shaving residue 11
On the eL shaving die, punching waste 11 is discharged onto the punching die by a knockout 60 on the punch side. Then, as the ram rises, the punch 1 and the slider 53 are lifted up while rotating in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation when the ram is lowered, and rise to the top dead center of the press, completing one cycle. The above description is just a few examples of the present invention, and each embodiment can take the following aspects. (a) A method of machining helical teeth or similar tooth profile shapes on at least the outer part of the material. (b) A method of performing finishing machining in the same process for (a). (c) A method of performing hole machining and/or finishing machining in the same process for (a). 2) A method of carrying out (a), (b), and (c) in the cold. (e) A method of carrying out (a), (b), and (c) warmly or hotly. Next, a specific example of manufacturing helical gears by applying the present invention will be shown. Example 1 ■0 An involute parallel gear was manufactured according to the present invention. Module = 2.5 order Pressure angle = 20 teeth Number: 21 Helix angle (direction) 12 (left) Pitch circle diameter: 56.263 Carp Tip circle diameter: 61.623 Audience tooth base circle diameter: 50.373 @ a Lead: 440.
28484IRs■, material is 845C, plate thickness 10+
11111. Use a cod with a diameter of 60J3, and cut it into approximately 8
The mold shown in Fig. 5 was mounted on a 100-ton crank press and a gear was punched out at a descending speed of about 9.3 m/sac. The punch specifications are uniformly 0.
02111 by the clearance amount, and the die specifications are uniformly increased by the clearance of Q, (53sg) with respect to the tooth profile of the above specifications.In addition, the relationship between the roller and the guide groove is such that the roller is in the guide groove. was configured to perform a helical motion with the same lead as the product gear. 1. When carried out under the above conditions, even though the pair of cutters were not moved linearly with respect to each other, the desired double helical gear was produced in one stroke. was obtained.The various states of machining start, 4 strokes, and end of 9 stroke machining are shown in Figure 18 (a) ~)
Shown below. There were no deep fractures in the product, and there was only a slight burr on the edge of the tooth on the contact surface on the punch side. However, this can be reduced by adjusting the clearance. (2) In order to improve the precision of the cut surface of the product, we used a two-stage die with a shaving die shown in Figure 10 to perform helical tooth punching and shaving in one process. The specifications of the shaving die correspond to the tooth profile specifications described above. As a result, a double-sided gear product with a smooth cut surface and satisfactory dimensions and shape was obtained. ■In addition, the material has a diameter of 89 cm and a height of 10 cm in the center.
Using a boss having dimensions of 15.20 vm and a hole diameter of 18 wφ, and using the molds shown in FIGS. 11 to 18, helical tooth punching, same shaving, and medium thickness shaving were performed in one step. The diameter of the hole shaving punch was 20 mm. As a result, satisfactory products with smooth machined surfaces on both the tooth surface and the shaft thick portion were obtained for all boss shapes. Example 2 ■, Material: diameter 515mm, thickness 20m, gray water 18
Using polyacetal resin as the material, this was cold-worked using the molds shown in FIGS. 14 to 17 to obtain double-sided gears. The specifications of the helical gear to be manufactured are: module: 8, pressure angle =
zO°, number of teeth = 14, helix angle (direction): 22° (left), pitch circle diameter: 45.29-1 tip circle diameter: 51
．． 298, root diameter: 37.798sus. Shoe height: 224 mm, shoe (slider) glue: 8
52.22785, pitch circle diameter 8o φ, helix angle (
direction) was set to 853088 (left). (2) As a result of carrying out the test under the above conditions, in the -stroke, helical tooth punching, same shaving, and medium thickness shaving were performed, and the product accuracy was comparable to that of a shaving die. 1. Using the above mold, thickness 5 m (7) 5S41 material, 5
Machining was also carried out on 45c material, and in this case as well, satisfactory helical teeth and gears were obtained. (Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention as described above, helical gears and similar tooth-shaped members can be manufactured with extremely high productivity and at relatively low cost, and have the desired number of teeth. Excellent results can be obtained, such as being able to manufacture this kind of parts that are tall and have hollow holes with a small-capacity press.
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[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 3 are partially cutaway side views showing the principle of the manufacturing method of helical gears according to the present invention, and Figure 4 is
c) is a plan view showing changes in the state of the material in FIGS. 1 to 8, half on the punch side and half on the die side, and FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway side view showing an embodiment of the present invention, the state before processing. and the state of completed machining is shown for each half. 6 is a perspective view of the punch in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the upper mold, and FIG.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the die, FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the lower die, and FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway side view showing another embodiment of the present invention, showing each half before and after processing. FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention, showing the state of each half before processing and after completion of processing. Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along line MM in Fig. 11, and Fig. 18 is a sectional view taken along the line MM in Fig. 11. So cross section,
Fig. 14 is a sectional view showing half of another embodiment of the present invention before and after processing, Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing the helical motion generating mechanism in Fig. 14, and Fig. 16 is the same as Fig. 14. Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view along the shoulder line in Figure 14, and Figure 18 A), B), and C are the materials used when manufacturing helical gears using the mold in Figure 5. Figure 19 (α) (b)
) (C) is an explanatory diagram of the principle of normal shearing processing, and Fig. 20 (
α) (b) (C) and FIG. 21 (α) (b) are explanatory diagrams showing the characteristics of the cutting process. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Punch, 2... Die, 2α... Punching die, 2b... Shaving die, 4, 5... Blade part, 21... Roller, 27... Guide groove, 52...・
・Shu, 53...Suriko's representative patent attorney Black 1) Yasushi Hiro procedural amendment band movement type) April 2, 1985 Hand-held Application No. 249651 2, name of invention: Helical gears Manufacturing method 3, relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Amendment content 1: In the specification of the present application, on page 37, line 12, the words "Figure 18 (a), (b), and (c)" have been changed to [i'
B) (C) (D) is corrected. April 5, 1985 Manufacturing method for helical gears 3. Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant 6. Contents of amendment subject to amendment ■ 1 Specification of the present application, page 32 In the 11th line, the statement ``Here is a specific example.'' should be corrected as follows. First, as a preliminary experiment, we conducted a comparative study between the method of the present invention and the broaching method using one blade.The method of the present invention used the apparatus shown in Fig. 5. This is shown in Figure 22. In Figure 22, (a) shows the start of the rotary movement of the die, (b) shows the spiral punching process, and (c) shows each state at the end of the process. The broaching method is an alternative to the punch. This was done by fixing the material to the bar (110). Figure 23 shows the machining process of this broaching method. In the figure, (a) is when the rotary movement of the die starts, (b) is being broached, (C
) indicates each status at the end of machining. The bar (110) had a circular cross section with a radius of 24 mm, and the material had a pilot hole with a radius of 10 nm+m, which was attached to the tip of the bar and firmly fixed with a threaded pin (iti). The specifications of the prototype helical gear market wheel are as follows. Module 72.5mtn Pitch circle diameter: 56.
6mm Number of teeth: 21 Tip circle diameter: 61.6
mm Pressure angle: 20° Root diameter: 50.4+
+v+torsion angle = 22° (left) lead: 44
0.3mm+ material is polyacetal as plastic. As the metal for vinyl chloride, lead was used, which exhibits the deformation properties closest to those of steel under heating conditions. The material had a plate thickness of 20+mm, and the material shape had a minus width (V=nib blank diameter−die insert tooth tip radius<0)=−1°01. Pressure equipment is 300 ton hydraulic press, processing speed 20+n
m/s. As a result of experiments under the above conditions, in the case of the present invention, all materials can be machined into an appropriate helical tooth shape with no distortion in the tooth profile, and in the case of lead in particular, the tooth shape has a smooth finished surface over the gold tooth surface. was processed. On the other hand, in broaching, the ends of the teeth of plastics were broken at the end of the process, and columnar chips were generated at the ends of the teeth. In the case of lead, extremely large sag occurred, amounting to approximately 60% of the board thickness, and the tooth profile was completely collapsed, resulting in products that were completely unusable for any material. This shows that when machining helical teeth, with the broaching method, it is unavoidable to prepare multi-stage cutting blades and gradually cut the teeth as in the past. The present invention is capable of machining a large amount of machining and machining a good tooth profile, which improves machining efficiency. It can be seen that there are significant differences in economy, accuracy, etc. 2. In the specification of the present application, on page 37, line 17, the phrase ``This is an explanatory drawing.'' has been replaced with ``Explanatory drawing, Figure 22 (a).
b), (c) are explanatory diagrams showing the helical gear punching process according to the present invention, Fig. 23 (a), (b),
(C) is an explanatory diagram showing a helical double gear machining process using the broaching method. ” he corrected. 3゜Appendix Figures 22 and 23 are added to the drawings attached to this application.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) To obtain a helical gear or a similar toothed member, a punch and die equipped with a pair of blades with non-linear tooth lines are used, a material is placed between them, and the punch and die are used. A method for manufacturing helical gears characterized by deforming the material until it breaks by moving the die relative to the die in a non-linear manner. (2) When obtaining a helical gear or a similar toothed member, a punch and a die equipped with a pair of blades with non-linear tooth lines and a shaving blade provided at the rear of the stroke of one of them are used. With the material placed between the punch and die, the punch and die are moved relative to each other in a non-linear manner to deform the material until it breaks, and the tooth profile is finished by the subsequent non-linear movement of the shaving blade. A manufacturing method for helical gears characterized by processing. (3) The method for manufacturing helical gears according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the relative non-linear motion between the punch and the die is a spiral motion. (4) The material is selected from solid, hollow, and bossed shapes,
A method for manufacturing helical gears according to claim 1 or 2, which is processed by cold, warm or hot processing. (5) A method for manufacturing helical gears according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer diameter of the material is equal to or suitably smaller than the outer diameter of the punch.