JPS61124346A - Treatment of feather for making feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:Feathers are heated by dipping them in a heat medium and squeezed to effect hydrolysis and dehydration to produce food or feed of high quality which is composed of hydrolyzate of high digestivity. CONSTITUTION:Feather of, e.g., poultry and animal hair such as waste wool is heated in a heat medium, particularly preferably water or hot water and squeezed to effect hydrolysis. In this case, indirect heating with steam is preferred and they are heated at 130-200 deg.C, preferably 150-180 deg.C squeezed at a pressure of 5-100kg/cm<2>, preferably 20-100kg/cm<2> for 5-60min, preferably 10-30min. Thus, feathers are uniformly treated in a squeezed state to cause hydrolysis and dehydration. Further, since uniform treatment under squeezing becomes possible, the efficiency of the installation is improved and the installation can be miniaturized. In addition, there is no need of predehydration of the feathers, the installation consumes reduced amounts of feather and the installation can be etherified with lowered energy consumption at low costs.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (b) Industrial application field The present invention relates to a method for processing feathers and the like.

(b) Conventional technology Chicken, duck, etc. feathers, animal hair, etc. are mainly composed of keratin, a hard protein, but their digestibility is low and they cannot be used as feed. Practical methods include applying pressure treatment with steam while stirring to decompose the protein, and drying it to make it into feed. Also known is a method of compressing semi-dried feathers using an extruder to form a compact, which is then cut and expanded to improve digestibility.

(c) Problems that the invention seeks to solveHowever,
The former method uses steam to stir the process, so it requires a pressure cooker with a considerably larger volume compared to the material to be treated, resulting in a huge amount of equipment.Since it is a high-pressure steam process, airtightness is required, and continuous processing is not possible. It is difficult to process, takes a long time to process, requires a huge amount of processing equipment to remove bad odors, and has the disadvantages of storing a large amount of high-pressure steam in a pressure cooker, which poses a high risk of explosion. However, since the latter forms a dense body, it is easy to cause variations in temperature between the inside and outside of the dense body, resulting in quality deterioration, affecting digestibility, etc., and furthermore, extruder In order to process it, complicated pretreatment such as semi-drying is required, which requires a huge amount of equipment. In addition, in both methods, the drying process requires a large amount of cost, and there is still room for improvement.

Furthermore, in any case, when hydrolyzing feathers, etc., it is necessary to dry the product, so dried feathers, etc., with as low moisture content as possible are used. However, it has not been easy to heat these feathers that have a low moisture content or have been dried. This is because the feathers retain a large amount of air on their surface, and the air acts as a heat insulator.

(d) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides a method for processing feathers, which is characterized by hydrolyzing and dehydrating feathers, etc. by squeezing them while heating them while immersing them in a heat medium. That is.

(E) Function According to the present invention, by squeezing the feathers etc. while contacting and heating them with a heating medium, the heating medium flows in the feathers, and therefore uniform heating is possible, and liquid heat is generated. Because it is a medium, all spaces are filled with liquid, rather than partial pressure due to solid contact with the feather, so uniform pressure is applied to all parts of the feather.

Because uniform heating and pressure is applied, uniform hydrolysis and drying occur.

Since the decomposition reaction is carried out at high temperature and high pressure, the time required for treatment is extremely short.

Since dehydration, heating, pressurization, hydrolysis, drying, swelling, etc. can be carried out in the same equipment, complicated equipment such as pre-treatment is not required.

Dehydration and drying are done by mechanical compression, which requires almost no energy compared to evaporation methods.

Since uniform treatment can be performed in a short time, subsequent odor treatment can be simplified with very little odor generation.

Since the decomposition reaction can be carried out with feathers etc. in a compressed state, the volume for the reaction can be minimized.

Since the inlet of the feathers and the outlet of the product can be maintained at normal pressure, it is easy to insert and discharge raw materials, and it is also easy to perform continuous processing.

(f) Effects According to the present invention, since uniform heating and pressurization is performed, decomposed products such as feathers with high digestibility can be obtained, and can be used as food materials or high-quality feed with good feed efficiency. can.

Uniform processing is performed in a compacted state, the time required for processing is extremely short, and continuous processing is easy.
Processing equipment is more efficient and smaller. There is no need for preliminary dehydration treatment, and the apparatus can be simplified. The energy required for processing is low and the cost required for manufacturing is low. The amount of odor generated is small and does not cause problems such as pollution.

(G) Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. That is, feathers or the like are immersed in a heating medium and compressed while being heated to perform hydrolysis and dehydration.

Feathers include feathers from chickens, ducks, etc. produced at meat processing plants, etc.
It also refers to animal hair such as wool scraps produced in spinning factories, etc. In addition, the heat medium is ordinary water, hot water, vegetable or animal oil,
It refers to alcohols, ketones, etc., but water or hot water is usually used because of its simplicity and good decomposition reaction. Further, the temperature of both the water and the heat medium is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that they be preheated to near the boiling point. The immersed state referred to here is a state in which the raw material feathers are wrapped in water or a heat medium, as shown in Figure 2, but the air and water or heat medium are completely replaced from the beginning, or This includes cases where a similar state is achieved by applying squeezing pressure. More preferably, complete degassing is achieved by reducing the pressure after immersion.
Substitutions may be made. The heating method may be indirect or direct, and the heat source may be steam, heat transfer, etc., and is not particularly limited, but indirect heating with steam is usually used. The heating temperature is 130-200°C, preferably 150-18°C.
The pressure required for compression at 0° C. is 5 to 100 kg/cm, preferably 20 to 100 kg/cm, and the time required for heat compression is 5 to 60 minutes, preferably 10 to 30 minutes.

Next, the feather processing apparatus according to the above embodiment will be explained.

That is, (P) shows a feather processing device according to the present invention.

(1) is a feather supply port, (2) is a hot water supply port, and (3) is a feather dipping tank.

(4) is a hollow rotating shaft, which is formed so as to gradually expand in diameter toward the treated feather discharge port (10), and allows steam to pass through the interior through openings at the front and rear ends.

(5) is a spiral blade formed on the circumferential surface of the hollow rotating shaft (4) at a constant pitch in the front and back direction. Incidentally, the number of pitches of the spiral blade (5) may be gradually increased as it approaches the treated feather discharge port (10), which will be described later.

(6) is a cylinder with a fixed hole, and the inner peripheral surface is formed by spiral blades (5).
Surrounding the hollow rotating shaft (4) along the periphery,
A liquid leak hole (9) with a diameter of 0.5 to 3 mm is bored in the curved surface.

(10) is a treated feather outlet.

The feather processing method using the feather processing apparatus (P) is as follows.

That is, feathers (F) are continuously fed into the supply port (1) at a rate of 500 kg per hour. At the same time, the hot water supply port (2
) is immersed in hot water (H), which is a separate heat medium, at a rate of 1000 kills per hour, resulting in a humidity of 80 to 90°C. The hot water and feathers are adjusted to maintain a constant liquid level.

At this time, by rotating the hollow rotating shaft (4), the feathers (F) containing hot water (H) are gradually transferred to the pressure regulator (8) side as the spiral blades (5) rotate. It is. Since the rotation is hollow, the feather (F) containing the hot water (H) is heated while being heated, and the hollow rotation shaft (4) is expanded in the direction of the pressure regulator (8). Since the diameter is small, it leads to the pressure adjustment device @(8).

Therefore, when the feathers (F) containing hot water (H) move in the direction of the axis (4)' of the hollow rotating shaft (4), they are in a compressed state, and the pressure approaches the treated feather outlet (1o). As the feathers (F) grow larger, the temperature of the feathers (F) also increases, and hydrolysis proceeds under conditions of such increased temperature and pressure.
The average temperature and average pressure at (B), (C), (D>, and (E)) are shown in a graph.As is clear from this graph, the temperature and pressure increase as they approach the treated feather outlet (10). Become.

In addition, the feathers are heated using hot water (1-1) as a heat medium, and this hot water (H) is heated by a hollow rotating shaft (4).
Due to the squeezing force caused by the rotation, the liquid flows through the tissue of the feather and is discharged from the leak hole (9), and the feather (F) is uniformly and efficiently heated by the hot water (1'') from inside and outside the tissue. Become. Therefore, the hydrolysis of the feathers (F) is uniformly and efficiently performed.

Moreover, dehydration of hydrolysis is also carried out in parallel by discharging hot water (H).

Figure 4 shows the above-mentioned isolated positions @ (8), (B), (C), (D
) · (E) shows a graph of temperature versus vertical distance from axis (4)'. As is clear from the graph, the temperature relative to the vertical distance from the axis (4) at each isolated position is approximately constant, indicating that the feathers are uniformly heated.

Further, FIG. 5 shows a graph of pressure versus vertical distance from the axis (4) at each of the separated positions (Δ) to (E). As is clear from the graph, the axis line (
4) The pressure with respect to the vertical distance from
While being heated at a temperature of 140°C (7), the decomposition reaction progresses to part (D), where the decomposition reaction is almost completed. The pressure of the feather that reached part (D) is about 20Kg/Cll1? The temperature is 160°C. Further, the decomposed feathers proceed to part (E), where the impurities and water generated during decomposition are discharged from the fixed perforated cylinder (6) as the pressure increases, and are further dehydrated and dried, pushing out the pressure regulator (8) and fixed. The treated feathers are discharged from the perforated cylinder (6) and taken out from the outlet (10). The processed feather product at this time has a moisture content of 8% and a protein content of 85% or more. or,
By adjusting the amount of residual moisture, it is also possible to easily expand the treated feathers during discharge. The feathers decomposed in this manner are cooled and then pulverized into a fine powder using a pulverizer to obtain a high-quality, highly digestible feather feed. The analytical values were as shown in Table 1. For comparison, Table 1 shows the analytical values of feather meal obtained by the rendering method, which was subjected to pressure heat treatment with steam while stirring in a pressure cooker and dried.

Table 1 Component analysis table Method of the present invention Rendering method Crude protein (%) 90.0 89.2 Crude fat (%)
2.2 3.8 assembly method 1゜8
3.8 Crude moisture (%) 5.4 4.5 Pepsin digestibility 86.7 76.3 Also, FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the feather processing apparatus according to the present invention. (Q) shows a feather processing device.

(11) is a pressure vessel, (12) and (13) are vertically sliding perforated plates, (14) is a pressurized iron, (15) is a heating source, (F
) is feather, and (H) is hot water as a liquid heat medium.

The feather processing method using the same feather processing apparatus (Q) is as follows.

In other words, pressure capacity! (11) Inner surface and lower sliding perforated plate (13
), and feathers (F) are stored between the vertical sliding perforated plates (12) and (13), and the hot water (H) is heated by the heating source (15). If the upper sliding perforated plate (12) is pressed downward from the pressure rod while heating, hot water (H) will seep out from the lower sliding perforated plate (1Q) due to the pressure and penetrate into the feather (F) structure. After passing through, it oozes out from the sliding perforated plate (12) and is discharged. Therefore, the feathers themselves are brought into a compressed state and at the same time are uniformly heated from the inside and outside of the tissue with hot water (H), and dehydration and hydrolysis treatments are performed at the same time.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view of the feather processing device according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the pressing state of the device, Figs. 3 to 5 are graphs showing data of the device, and Fig. 6 is another feather processing device. FIG. 3 is a side view of the device. (P) Two Feather processing equipment (Q): Feather processing equipment (F): Feather (H): Hot water patent applicant Ken Matsuo, Agent for Chemical and Foods Venture Co., Ltd. - Department Figure 4, Figure 5WJ

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) A method for processing feathers, which comprises hydrolyzing and dehydrating the feathers by squeezing them while heating them while immersing them in a liquid heat medium.