JPS61112189A - Signal processing system of performance information sensor for automatically performing piano - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] This invention is a self-playing piano equipped with an action mechanism that strikes strings using hammers linked to keys, which can accommodate all playing styles such as legato and staccato. This is related to the signal processing method of the performance information sensor.

[Conventional technology]

In general, a player piano consists of a recording section that records performance information, and a reproducing section that reproduces the recorded performance information and automatically plays the piano.

In this case, the recording unit records the performance information when playing the piano.
Keystroke information, such as note names and sound stop timings, and volume associated with keypress strength.

String information such as string-striking timing is detected, and this information is digitized and recorded on a data recorder or the like. The reproducing section reproduces the recorded performance information and drives a solenoid provided for each key based on this performance information, thereby automatically playing the piano.

By the way, when playing t# on such a self-playing piano,
In order to detect the information, conventionally, as shown in FIG. Signal S1. S2 is input to the kakunta 2 and key assigner 3 to detect performance information.

At this time, one signal S1 of the key sensor 1 is output to the counter 2.
is input as a count start signal, and the other signal S2 is input as a count stop signal, and these signals Sl, S,
The time chart is shown in Fig. 7.

However, in FIG. 7, when the keyboard is pressed.

Based on this key press operation, a signal S1 of the key sensor 1 is generated at time t1, and counting by the kakunta 2 is started by this signal. When the signal S11 from the key sensor 1 is generated at time t2, the counter 2 stops counting based on this signal. Therefore, since the time interval from time t1 to time t2 corresponds to the keyboard speed due to the key press operation between the two points of each switch, the key press intensity (sound intensity ) can be detected as volume information. The signal S1 from the key switch 1 is also input to the key assigner 3, where it is also detected which key has been pressed (note name determined). In addition, in Figure 7.

T indicates the counting period of the counter 2, the signal Sl of the key sensor 1 corresponds to the on/off time (key-on) of a switch associated with a key press operation, and the time t8 at the off time corresponds to the sound stop timing. Moreover, this signal Sl is applied to the inverter 4
(See FIG. 6) is sent out as a reset signal to reset the kakunta 2. Furthermore, the signal S,
corresponds to the string striking timing.

However, the signals obtained based on the configuration of the key sensor 1 as described above are not suitable for the playing style of a keyboard instrument, so-called legato,
Regardless of whether it is staccato or not, the signal S will always be included within the signal generation period of Sl as shown in FIG. This does not cause any problems in electronic musical instruments without an action mechanism, but it causes inconvenience in automatic performance pianos that have an action mechanism.

That is, for example, in the case of a rapid and weak key press touch, the string can be struck even if the key does not move a full stroke (10, 21EI), so there is a possibility that the S signal will not be generated after the Sl signal is generated. There is. In this case, the key-off signal of (S) shown in FIG. 8 is input to the key assigner 3 without generating the Sll signal (count stop), which causes problems in the circuit configuration.

Keyboard recognition is canceled, and even though strings are actually being struck, this string-strike information is no longer recorded.

In addition, although the action mechanism operates in conjunction with the keyboard, strictly speaking, the hammer speed and the speed of the keyboard do not match, so even if the speed of the keyboard is detected between those two points, the strength of the key press and the volume may vary. This did not result in accurate response, and therefore there were inconveniences such as the inability to perform accurate volume detection.

Furthermore, the signal S2 is generated before the actual string striking (sounding) (in the case of a shallow staccato, it is the opposite).

I couldn't get the correct timing to hit the string.

In order to eliminate such inconveniences, the applicant has separately proposed a method for detecting performance information for automatic pianos.

This method uses a key sensor that detects key presses at a wiper part of the action mechanism or at one point on the keyboard as a sensor for recording performance information in a player piano, and a key sensor that is connected to the string-striking action of a hammer. A hammer sensor is provided to detect the strength of the string struck by the hammer at two points, and the key press operation signal obtained from the key sensor is input to a key assigner to detect the note name, and the note name obtained from the hammer sensor is input to the key assigner. A signal associated with the string striking strength is input to a kakunta, and the volume is detected based on the counted value of the kakunta. A signal time chart of each key sensor and hammer sensor is shown in FIG.

In FIG. 9, the signal of the key sensor is input to Ml.

M2 indicates the signal of the hammer sensor. When a key is pressed, the K signal is first generated at tl, the key assigner receives this signal K, detects the note name, and the action mechanism driven based on the pressed key generates the Ml signal ( t2) Counting of shi and kakunta is started, and the counting of the counter is stopped by the signal of M2 (t8), and the strength of the key press (string strike) is detected.

Since the repulsion of the hammer's string strike occurs during the key-pressing period of the keyboard, the signal M at t is turned off before the signal at t is turned off.
1 will be turned off.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In the method described above, signals from each key sensor and hammer sensor are generated as shown in Figure 9, and it is possible to prevent mistakes in recording performance information. In some cases, the actuation/yeon mechanism operates faster than the keyboard, so that the K signal in particular in FIG. 10 is generated later than the Ml signal. When this happens,
The counter actually starts counting apparently from the upper tl, and therefore the count value of the counter becomes too small, making it impossible to accurately detect the string striking strength.

The present invention was made to solve these inconveniences, and provides a signal processing method for performance information for automatic pianos that can accurately detect the strength of string strikes during legato, staccato, and other performances. It provides:

[Failure to solve the problem]

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention uses a sensor for recording performance information, which detects key press operations at the wippen section of the action mechanism or at one point on the keyboard, and a hammer sensor. A hammer sensor is provided to detect the string-strike strength of the hammer at two points related to the string-striking operation, and one of the signals accompanying the string-strike strength of the hammer obtained from the hammer sensor is used as a kakuto start signal, and the other is used as a kakuto start signal. A count stop signal is input to a counter, and a logical sum signal of a key press operation signal obtained from the key sensor and a signal corresponding to a count start signal from the hammer sensor is input to a thousand-assigner. Ruru.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram showing an overview of a self-playing piano using the signal processing method of a performance information sensor according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the main parts of the present invention. Here, the automatic performance piano is provided with a sensor 11 for recording performance information of the main body of the piano 10, and the above-mentioned performance information accompanying the player's performance is digitized in the recording control circuit 14, and the digital signal is data recorder 1
5 in sequence. During playback, the performance information recorded in the data recorder 15 is transferred to the playback logic circuit 16.
The data is sequentially read out and transferred to the solenoid drive circuit 17, and the electromagnetic solenoid circuit 18 having an electromagnetic solenoid arranged for each four is driven according to the read content from the data recorder 15 to mechanically move each key, thereby automatically The configuration for playing the piano 10 is the same as that of a conventionally known device, and the details thereof will be omitted.

The present invention includes a key sensor 12 that detects a key press operation of each key at a wiper portion of an action mechanism or at one point on a keyboard, and a hammer strike of an actuator mechanism as a sensor 11 for recording performance information of a piano 10. A hammer sensor 13 is provided to detect the string striking strength of the hammer at two points related to the string movement.
The signal M1 associated with the string striking strength of the hammer obtained from M1. M2
As shown in FIG. 2, the counter 14 of the recording control circuit 14
Enter b. Then, the key press operation signal obtained from the key sensor 12 and the signal M of the hammer sensor 13 are sent to the key assigner 1 via an OR (logical sum) circuit 14c.
4b.

Figure 3 shows the aforementioned thousand-sensor 12 and hammer sensor 1.
3 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the actuator mechanism of a player piano equipped with 3, FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the key sensor 12,
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the hammer sensor 13. In Figure 3, there is a keyboard on the shelf board 21 of the player piano! 22 is listed.

On top of that, a large number (for example, 88) of W123 are arranged in parallel in correspondence to the strings 25 of each pitch stretched on the frame 24, with their intermediate portions supported and swingable in the vertical direction. There is. Then, the key 23 is operated by pressing the electronic key, and the rear end 23 of the shelf board 21 and the rear end 23 of the key 23 are pressed during automatic performance.
It is operated by a single magnetic solenoid actuator 26 disposed between the key and the key a as if the key had been pressed by hand.

A well-known action mechanism 27 is disposed above the rear end portion 23a of the key 23. This action mechanism 27 is
A quill pen 3 whose one end is pivoted on a center rail 28 and is pushed up and rotated by a capstan 29 when the key 23 is operated.
0. A jack 31 is rotatably attached to this quipen 30. A bat 3 rotatably supported by the center rail 28 and pushed up and rotated by the jack 31
2. A catcher 34 is attached to the punt 32 via a catcher 7 yank 33, and rotary parts such as a hammer 35 are also attached to the butt 32, and the quill pen 30 moves up and down in conjunction with the key press operation. Move, Jack 31
When the bat 32 is raised, the hammer 3 is combined with it.
5 is configured to rotate and strike the string 25.

The center rail 28 is further provided with a well-known damper mechanism 4.
0 is placed. This damper mechanism 40 is a damper lever 41 whose intermediate portion is rotatably supported by the center rail 28 via a damper wire 42, and which normally presses the strings 25 to prevent their vibrations. 43, consists of a damper spoon 44 etc. installed on the rotation fulcrum side of the quill pen 30, and as the quill pen 30 rotates upward, the damper spoon 44 presses the lower end of the damper lever 41 and rotates it. By doing so, the damper 43 is separated from the string 25. Note that the action mechanism 27 and the damper 4
The center rail 28 to which 0 is attached is supported by two or three brackets 46 which are erected on the shelf board 21 and whose upper ends are connected and fixed to the frame 24 by means of bolts 45. Further, 47 is a stopper rail, 48 is a regulating button, 49 is a back check +, and 50, 51, and 52 are springs, respectively.

A sensor bracket 55 whose upper end is fixed to the bracket 46 is vertically disposed in front of the action mechanism 27, and the quill pen 30 and catcher of each action mechanism 2T are mounted on the back side of the sensor bracket 55. A large number of key sensors 12 and hammer sensors 13 each corresponding to the shank 33 are connected to a common printed circuit board 8.
0.

As shown in FIG. 4, the key sensor 12 has a length mounting member 61 having a notch groove 62 in the vertical direction on its tip surface.
and a pair of left and right vertical walls 63a that constitute the notch groove 62 of this mid-length attachment portion 61.

A light emitting element 64 and a light receiving element 65 such as a light emitting diode and a phototransistor, which are embedded in each of the quill pens 63b and facing each other, are raised together with the light emitting elements 64 and light receiving elements 65, such as light emitting diodes and phototransistors, which are embedded in the quill pen 30 and are arranged opposite to each other. 6
2, the shutter 67 blocks the light from the light emitting element 64 that is received by the light receiving element 65. When the shutter 67 blocks the light from the light-emitting element 64, the voltage of the light-receiving element 65 becomes high and the switch is turned on, and the signal at this time is input to the key assigner 14a and detected as note name information.

Further, the string-striking operation by the hammer 35 is completed, and the shutter 67 rotates down together with the quill pen 30 to open the notch groove 6.
2, the light from the light emitting element 64 reaches the light receiving element 6.
5 and returns to the switch-off state, and the signal at this time is detected as sound stop information. Although this upper tone information is obtained by the return of the action mechanism 27, the actuation/on mechanism 27 and the damper mechanism 40 maintain a more accurate interlocking relationship than the interlocking relationship between the key 23 and the damper mechanism 40. , is detected with higher fidelity than sound stop information using conventional keys.

The hammer sensor 13 has a tip end extending above the catcher shank 33, and a pair of right and left seven-socket attachment portions 71A and 71B are provided oppositely on the tip surface as shown in FIG. With member 71.

A pair of upper and lower light emitting elements 72A and 72B are embedded in each sensor mounting portion 71A and 71B so as to face each other.
The catcher shank 33 and the catcher 34 rise when the action mechanism 27 is actuated and are inserted between the pair of sensor mounting parts 71A and 718, and the light receiving element 73B.

It is configured to sequentially block the light from the light emitting elements 72B and 72A that is received by the light emitting element 73A. Here, when the light from the light emitting elements 72B, 72A is sequentially blocked, and the voltage of the light receiving elements 73B, 73A becomes high level and turns on in sequence, each signal at this time is input to the counter 14b mentioned above. be done. The time from when the light-receiving element 73B is turned on to when the light-receiving element 73A is turned on is shorter when the string-striking speed of the hammer 35 is faster and longer when it is slower, so this can be directly measured by the counter 14b. The string striking speed, that is, the string striking intensity (sound t) can be detected.

As above, key sensor 12. The time chart of M1 and M2 of the signals obtained based on the configuration of the hammer sensor height 13 is the same as that shown in FIG. 9 described above.

The operation of the configuration shown in FIG. 2 will now be explained with reference to the time chart shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, when the keyboard is pressed, the signal K is first output to the key sensor 12 at time t.
1, this signal K is input to the key assigner 14m via the OR circuit 14c, and the note name is detected. and,
The signal M1 is generated from the hammer sensor 13 (light receiving element 73B) at time t by the actuation mechanism 27 driven based on the key press, and this signal M1 is input to the counter 14b as a count start signal, and the counter 14b is started. Counting begins. Subsequently, a signal M2 is generated from the hammer sensor 13 (light receiving element 73A) at time t8, and this signal M2 serves as a count stop signal to stop counting by the counter 14b. As a result, the string striking strength is detected as volume information based on the count value of the kakunta 14b during this time. Therefore, since the string striking → rebound of the hammer 35 of the action mechanism 27 is performed during the key depression period of the keyboard, the signal M1 of the non-marker sensor 13 is turned off at time t before the signal of the key sensor 12 is turned off at time t. I will do it.

Further, when the signal state of FIG. 10 is reached and the signal K of the key sensor 12 is delayed, when the signal M1 of the hammer sensor 13 is generated at time t2, this signal M1 is transmitted to the counter 14b.
At the same time, it is also input to the key assigner 14 via the OR circuit 14C, so that the pitch name and the kakunta 14b are counted simultaneously using the signal M1 of the hammer sensor 13. As a result, the count value of the counter 14b will not be counted too low (9), and it is possible to accurately record the string striking strength even during special playing techniques such as weak staccato or repeated strikes. Also, since the OR output of the OR circuit 14e is input to the key assigner 14a, the stop sound information is the logical product of the above two signals, but this is also very difficult to obtain information that corresponds to all playing styles. It is effective.

The signal from the key sensor 12 is sent as a reset signal to the counter 14b through an inverter 14c.

Incidentally, the kakunta 14b and the key assigner 14& are the same as those of the conventional one.

In the embodiment described above, the key sensor 12 is arranged corresponding to the wippen 30, but the key sensor 12 is not limited to this, and may be arranged in a part directly connected to the wippen 30 or for each W123 of the keyboard.

The hammer set/length 13 is arranged corresponding to the upper position of the catcher shank 33 as a two-point position related to the string-striking action of the hammer 35, but it is not limited to this.
- The hammer 350 can also be configured to detect the string striking strength of the hammer at two points within the string striking distance. According to this configuration, since the volume is directly detected as the hammer speed, the volume can be detected very accurately, and the string striking timing can be set to the string striking position of the hammer 35, so the advantage is that the string striking timing is accurate. play.

Furthermore, each of the above-mentioned key sensors 12. NORMAL SENSOR 1
3 shows the case where a non-contact type switch consisting of a light emitting element and a light receiving element is used, but it goes without saying that a contact type switch may also be used.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the signal processing method of the performance information sensor according to the present invention, even if the signal from the key sensor is generated later than the signal from the hammer sensor, the OR circuit allows the signal from the hammer sensor to be input to the key assigner. By doing so, it is possible to compensate for the delay in the generation of the signal from the key sensor, which has the effect of making it possible to accurately detect and record the string striking strength corresponding to all playing styles.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram showing an overview of a self-playing piano using the scar symbol processing method of a performance information sensor according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the action mechanism of a player piano equipped with the key sensor and hammer sensor shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the key sensor shown in FIG. 3;
5 is a sectional view of the hammer sensor shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 6 is a block diagram for explaining the conventional method, FIGS. k
This is a signal time chart of the hammer sensor. 12...Key sensor, 13...Normal sensor, 14a...Key assigner, 14b...1...
Counter, 14c...OR circuit, 23...key,
27... Action mechanism, 30... Wipe pen,
33...Catcher shank, 34...Catcher-135...Nonmar. Patent applicant: Nippon Musical Instruments Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Agent: Masaki Yamakawa (2 members of tM) Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 9 Figure 1Q

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a player piano equipped with an action mechanism that strikes a string with a hammer linked to a key, a sensor for recording performance information detects a key press operation at a wippen part of the action mechanism or at one point on the keyboard. a key sensor that detects the string-striking strength of the hammer at two points related to the string-striking operation of the hammer; and a hammer sensor that detects the string-striking strength of the hammer at two points related to the string-striking operation of the hammer; A count start signal is inputted to a counter, the other is inputted as a count stop signal to a counter, and an OR signal of a key press operation signal obtained from the key sensor and a signal corresponding to the count start signal from the hammer sensor is inputted to a key assigner. A signal processing method for a performance information sensor for a self-playing piano, characterized in that: