JPS61102159A - 1-phase semiconductor motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise the efficiency and to stabilize the operation of a semiconductor motor by securing a ring having a sub salient pole group through a spacer on the salient pole of a stationary armature. CONSTITUTION:A rotational shaft 1 is supported to a ball bearing 1a press-fitted to a cylindrical support 24, and armature coils 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d... are respectively mounted on the salient poles 3a, 3b... of an armature 3. A magnet rotor 5 is composed of the poles 5a, 5b... of a ferrite magnet of 90 deg. opening angle, and secured to the inside of a rotor 5d of cup-shaped soft steel. A ring 27 having sub salient pole group is bonded through a spacer 25 to the outside of the poles 3a, 3b... of the armature 3 via a slight air gap from the poles 5a, 5b... of the rotor 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A DC semiconductor motor with a magnet rotor is recessed.

In particular, the purpose of this invention is to obtain an external rotor type electric motor suitable for use as a TIC dynamic fan.

/ phase semiconductor motors have a simplified configuration and can be manufactured at low cost, but on the other hand, they require special means to start automatically, and therefore cannot be started when friction torque increases, resulting in unexpected problems. It has the disadvantages of causing accidents, and further disadvantages include poor efficiency and electromagnetic noise. Furthermore, since the torque ripple is toOS, it generates electromagnetic noise and cannot be used as a drive source that requires flat torque characteristics.

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, it has been known that the S poles of the magnet rotor are set in pairs, with one set as a da pole and the other as a t pole.

By improving the latter electric motor, the device of the present invention has succeeded in increasing efficiency, achieving stable operation, and further reducing electromagnetic shield noise. especially,
It has a simplified configuration, can be mass-produced, can be manufactured at low cost, and has succeeded in eliminating cogging torque and maintaining flat torque characteristics.

The details of the device of the present invention having such characteristics will be explained below with reference to embodiments.

In FIG. 1, a rotating shaft l is rotatably supported by a bearing/a (ball bearing).

The rotation axis l is supported by a ball bearing lα press-fitted into the main body (not shown) (a cylindrical support with traps) q. Further, the central hole of the armature 3 is press-fitted into the cylindrical support member.

The three armatures are made by a well-known method of cutting out and laminating magnetic thin plates (C Katsura base plates) having the shape shown in the figure. The fixed armature made by the above method and having the shape shown in FIG. 1 is used as a fixed armature.

Salient poles 3α, 3h, ... each armature coil q
α, 'Ah, 411! , Qd are installed.

The magnet rotor 5 is a magnetic pole of a ferrite magnet with an opening angle of qo degrees! T,! b, . . . and is fixed inside the rotor S-, which is a cup-shaped mild steel part. A rotation 41+t is fixed at the center of the bottom of the rotor. The magnet rotor S has a ring-like shape, and its N and S magnetic pole surfaces form salient poles 3α, 3α, .
,7A,J,-,3d.

FIG. 2(a) is a developed view of the magnet rotor 5, indicated by the same symbols. Figure 2 (,), magnet rotor 5
This is an inside view. Also, see Figure 2 (A).
Sub salient pole 7α, Rib and complementary pole 9α.

96 and the salient poles 3α, 3h, . . . viewed from the outside, the salient poles 3a, JA, . .

76, complementary pole? A and B are also magnetic poles of the magnet rotor! ;
a,! ; b, . . . K are opposed to each other with a slight gap interposed therebetween. These are called rings λ. Su/Guco 7 is the first
In the figure, these salient poles j a
, j b , . . . by means of which the details will be described later in FIG. 6 via the base thumb.

Sub salient pole 7α・, width of 7A, magnetic pole 5α, squirrel.

The width is equal to or smaller than the width of...

The commutating poles 9a and 94 are also magnetic poles! The width is smaller than α and 5b, and the sub salient pole and the complementary pole are arranged so that there is a gap between them.

The center portion of the commutative pole α is arranged to be shifted to the right from the center of the salient poles a and 3b. The same situation applies to the sword salient pole 7b and the commutative pole 9k. Sub salient poles 7a, 76, complementary poles 9a, 9
Dotted line 5 of magnet rotor S in figure b, m, s, r,)
The salient poles 3., 3b, . . . are opposed to the portion below the dotted line.

Although the number of magnetic poles 7α, 7b, 9α, and qb of the magnetic pole 7 is - one each, the same purpose can be quickly achieved even if these numbers are increased or decreased.

As shown in FIG. 2(A), a protrusion //a is provided on the side surface of the base member, a Hall element (generally a Hall tC is used) // is fixed to the end of the protrusion, and the magnet rotor So that the magnetic flux of 5 penetrates the Hall element //,
Magnetic polarity a! It faces b, . . . with a gap in between.

With such a configuration, the protrusion //α that serves as a support is
G = 7 is a spacer, and 26 is a salient pole 3α.

When attaching to 3b,..., ring core and salient pole 3a
, 3h, . Furthermore, since the strongest magnetic flux penetrates the Hall element //, there is an effect that a stable and reliable position detection output can be obtained. In Figure 3 (α),
A Hall IC (a Hall element may be used) is fixed to the main body at a position indicated by a dotted line /l in FIG. For example, as shown by the same symbol // in FIG. 2(b), it is fixed by the means described above.

Since the Hall IC is configured so that it has a positive output when it is under the magnetic field of the S pole, the transistor 10
A becomes conductive, and electricity is supplied from the armature coil /l/A, DC power supply negative electrode gα, and zab.

At this time, the armature coil B is not energized because the transistor 10 is turned on.

When the Hall IC/l is under the N-pole magnetic field and its output becomes low level, the transistor 10α.

The conduction of 10 A is alternated, and only the TI1 machine root B is energized. Dotted line symbol 10 d width amplification circuit, which may be added if necessary.

The armature coils l and B are the root coils a, da C and armature coil &A in Figure 1, respectively.

This shows the armature coil 'In, 1b.

When energized, the salient poles 3α, jb, . . . correspond to N poles.

Monoke shown in FIG. 9 is a developed country for explaining the torque generation of the protruding rod and magnetic pole shown in FIG. 1.

The state in Figure 1 (α) shows the relative position of the salient pole and refeed in Figure 1, and the state in Figure 1 (b) shows the magnetic rotor! is rotated by Kqo degrees in the direction of the arrow.

In figure (α), the hole Ic// is located at the magnetic pole 5b (
This is thought to be the point where the armature coils a and ge are energized, and the salient poles 3a and 3e are energized as shown in the figure.
2e N poles, 3b salient poles, and 3d S poles are generated.

At the same time, due to the attractive force between the sub salient poles 9a and 94 and the magnetic poles sb and sd, torque in the direction of the arrow is generated in the magnet rotor 5, and the magnet rotor 5 rotates in the same direction. When the magnet rotor 3 rotates by UU, j degrees, the above-mentioned torque is converted into a counter-torque, but at this time, the magnetic poles 3α, &A, . . . and the salient poles 3
Since the torque due to the large repulsion force between the magnets a, 3b, and so on is generated in the direction of the arrow, the magnet rotor 3 is also driven in the same direction, resulting in the state shown in Fig. 9 (,). When it is rotated 90 degrees, it becomes the state shown in Figure 9 (A).

That is, it is rotated 90 degrees in the direction of the arrow in FIG.

At this time, the Hall IC/i enters under the magnetic field of the N pole, so its output becomes a low level, and armature fields b and d are energized, so the salient poles, 3b and 3d#'iN
pole, all other salient poles are converted to S poles.

For exactly the same reason as in the case mentioned above, l'flll tuki 7α.

7b and salient poles 3α, 3h, . . . and magnetic poles a, s; b.

Due to the attraction and repulsion forces between the two, the magnet rotor S receives a driving torque in the direction of the arrow and continues to rotate in the same direction.

The time chart in Figure @5 shows the torque curve mentioned above.

In the figure, the curve /gσ, 11 b, ... are the magnetic poles of Fig. 1 (cl)! α, sb, ... and salient pole Jσ
,,3A.

The rotational torque due to ... has a peak value and a dead center of 1 rotation Kq. Of course, this alone will not allow self-start, and due to large pull torque, 1. II! It is the cause of magnetic noise)/'/Ilt1M mouth is
Magnetic pole n, sb in Fig. 4 (1).

It shows the torque by the attraction 9 repulsion between ... and the sub salient poles 7a and rib, and the torque curve i/za α, 1g b ,...
・The position of the zero point (dead center) is the peak value.

Therefore, the resultant torque curve is shown by symbol 21. Peak of torque song 4117 (rtt, torque lI'
The ideal condition is the case where fJ line /l a , 1g b , -'s beam i+'/co is set, and as shown in the figure, the most smoothed rotational torque can be obtained. However, since the torque curve -0 includes counter torque, it increases eddy current and iron loss. In order to make this smaller,
Torque I (Peak value of II line J is 173rd and Surco and K
It is better to increase the efficiency even more.

The peak value of the torque can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the length of the arrow Qtα and 86 in FIG. 2(A). ...Alternatively, the width of the sub salient pole a, 74 in the rotational direction may be adjusted, and by adjusting both at the same time, the peak value of the torque curve can be adjusted. However, the width of the sub-salient pole c, 7b cannot exceed the width of the magnetic wL, α, ris, . As mentioned above, the feature of the device of the present invention is that the peak value of the torque curve word can be changed freely as necessary.

With the above configuration, not only can the engine be started automatically, but torque ripple is also reduced, and electromagnetic noise is also reduced.

Further, in the device of the present invention, an external rotor type electric motor is used in the eleventh example, but an internal rotor type electric motor can also be used.

Also, as explained in Figures (α) and (A), we have explained the case where the magnetic poles excited by the armature coils lα, ah, . . . become N poles. The advantages of the present invention, which can achieve the same object, are as follows. In other words, by adding the cogging poles 7α and rib to the dust/gage 27 as shown in the 11th diagram, the cogging torque can be reduced and disturbances to the output torque curve 2/ in Fig. 3 can be prevented. .

Next, I will explain it.

Gogging occurs due to the projections Q, 7a, Jb, etc. and the magnet rotor. This cogging torque curve is
In Fig. 3, the curve λ, ? It is shown as. In an I-phase electric motor, the cogging torque becomes especially large, which increases output torque ripple and causes magnetic noise. According to the general method, the cogging torque is reduced by making the cogging pole protrude between the salient poles 3α, 3b, . For existence, salient pole 3σ, 3h,...
- Armature coil qα, 4 (A.

It takes a lot of effort to install ..., which has the disadvantage of hindering mass production. The device of the present invention has the effect of eliminating such drawbacks. Next, I will explain it.

Magnetic poles in figure q! ;a,!・b, ... and complementary poles α, ri b
Since the torque curve due to the repulsion and attraction force between the two is 110 degrees different in phase from the K-1 curve 2J as shown in Fig. 5, the combined torque of both becomes zero and the cogging torque completely disappears. As shown in FIG. 2(h), the center dotted line M of the commutative pole 9α coincides with the center of the gap between the salient poles 3α and 3h.

The same situation applies to the commutative pole 9b. Lines α and b that make the peak value of curve −λ equal to the peak value of curve C3
If a device is added to cut off the armature current at the point shown in , the armature coil '16 at the point where the back electromotive force is zero or small
．． Since no current is generated in the lid, this is an effective means for reducing copper loss and increasing efficiency. Of course, the width of the point fteiabσ and 211 A is the torque curve m
The width of half a cycle of φ is good. Other torque songs Ragα,
'/re.

/Id is also constructed in such a way that only Jlft is performed between the dotted lines.

Any means known in the art may be used to achieve this purpose. For example, instead of the Hall lcl/, use the Hall element at the 4I terminal, take out the output from the N and S magnetic fields on the right side of the block E through the diode, and use this output to
When controlling the transistors 110a and 10h shown in Figure (a), a point! is caused by the shift voltage of the diode! 9) Only the energization of the armature coil can be carried out between 9 and 9 and m and b.

In addition, in this embodiment, since the well-known interpolation mentioned above becomes useless, the width of the salient poles 3α, 3b, . . . can be made close to 5Vc. Therefore, it has the feature of increasing output torque and efficiency.

However, the present invention can also be implemented by employing means for reducing cogging torque by using known interpolation poles between each of the salient poles 3α, 3b, . . . . In this case, the ring 2 is removed from the commutating poles 9a and 9. In this case,
A commutative pole 9a is connected to the main pole λ7.

Compared to the case where qb is provided, deterioration in characteristics is unavoidable.

Next, details of the ring core will be explained with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 6(α), a silicon steel plate having the shape shown in the figure is die-cut and solidified to terP4 to a predetermined thickness.

Next, the ring 26 is made by plastic molding. The ring is provided with protrusions 9a and 9b, and the member in figure (α) and the member in figure (1) are overlaid and glued together. )1 in the notch in the figure.
・λ・The relative positions are made very accurate, and the plastic ring acts as a spacer, as shown by the dotted line 27 in the first diagram, to form the salient poles 3a and 3b.

It is pasted on the outside of the It machine root qα, ah, . . . after installation. When pasting in this manner, it is necessary to place the hole element in the position 5-, but as mentioned above, the Hall element //
The position can be specified using the support body //α (shown in FIG. 2(b)) as a guide member.

Sub-salient poles α and b and copolymers 9a and 9b are members with the same symbols as shown in FIG. 41.

It is also possible to make the ring 27 shown in (α) and then embed it by plastic molding, and mold the ring 27 shown in (7-) at the same time.

Spacer 2 O is made of non-magnetic material and has protruding rod 3 α.

JA,... and sub salient poles 7α, 7b, complementary poles 9ri, ? This is to block leakage magnetic flux between A and A.

This is an example of another constant 1 of the ring-7 shown in FIG. 6(b). The striking points 7α, 7b, 9α, and qhu are portions that serve as sub salient poles and commutating poles, respectively, and portions such as the kneading portion 7 are made of a sintered body of silicon steel powder.

It can be made by embedding a sintered body having the shape described above and plastic molding. Although not shown, on the back side of the ring 7, a plastic part that is to become a spacer is formed during molding.
・By pasting it on the outside of the
The same purpose as the rings 27 and 24 is achieved.

The ones shown in Figure 9 are salient poles 3α, Jb, ... and magnetic probe 5.
This is the case where α, squirrel,... are l/pieces, but in practical terms,
It is possible to construct two or six or more by similar means.

In general terms, if the number of magnetic poles is an even number, then
It goes without saying that the inside of the magnetic pole is 3 A O/3 degrees, but the number of sub salient poles and commutative poles is also increased or decreased accordingly. Even if the number of magnetic poles is 6 or 5, the same objective can be achieved even if the number of sub salient poles and complementary poles is 2 each.

The circuit shown in FIG. 3(b) controls energization of armature coils A and R by controlling transistors 10α and 104 based on the outputs of Hall IC // and amplifier circuits 10 d and 10 I:. When this is done, the magnetic energy stored in each armature coil is effectively utilized for output torque, thereby increasing efficiency.

It also has the effect of protecting the transistor/Qα and IOA.

When there is a positive output of Hall IC/l, transistor 10a is conductive and armature coil/I is energized. At this time, the output of Hall /C// is amplified by the amplifier circuit 106.
Since the voltage has increased from K to the voltage of the power supply i'F, the transistor 10b is kept non-conductive.

When the output of the hall tcii becomes low level, the transistor 10α becomes non-conducting and the transistor 1Ob becomes conductive, so that the excitation coil B becomes conductive.

For example, the armature coil A is energized through the transistor 10α and the primary transistor io.

If it turns into non-conducting, the voltage due to the stored magnetic energy in the direction of the arrow will flow across the armature coil R in the F direction via the bidirectional varistor 3.2, and the transistor 1
This has the effect of helping the start of energization of the excitation coil B due to the conduction of 0 A, and enabling rapid energization.

In addition, the accumulated magnetic energy of armature coil I is converted into the accumulated magnetic energy and output torque of armature coil B, so that the energization of excitation coil I is rapidly stopped, increasing the efficiency and stopping the energization of armature coil I. This has the effect of preventing the phenomenon in which the torque is delayed and counter torque is generated, resulting in deterioration of efficiency.

As can be seen from the above description, the device of the present invention helps improve the characteristics of this type of electric motor, which is known in the art, and has a significant practical effect.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of its salient poles and magnetic poles, Fig. 3 is an energization control circuit diagram of the armature coil, and Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the salient poles and magnetic poles. 3 is a time chart of the output torque curve, and FIG. 6 is a developed view of the ring 26. An explanatory diagram of the richness is shown. l...Rotating shaft, 111... Bearing, 3α
, 3b, ..., Jet... salient pole, qα, tt
b, -゛・, Hiro d...armature coil, review...cylindrical support,! , Riα, Risu,! c, ri d...magnetic rotor Φnanako, tae... cup-shaped rotor,
-6...Spacer, 27...Ring,
7α, 7b...Sub salient pole, もα, 94...Commuting pole, // a...Support, l/...Hole I
C11, II...π) Miko coil, 10α, 1
04...Tra/Insta, 10 d, 10,!・
・・Width increasing circuit, 3 pieces・・Bidirectional varistor, g
a, Irb...DC Luna source positive and negative cod, /fa, /ff
A, /ffC, /ffd, 2o,! /,jj,u,? −
Torque curve, Cob α, 29b... protrusion.

Claims (1)

[Claims] It is rotatably supported on the main body by a rotating shaft and a bearing, and NS magnetic poles with equal pitches are arranged along the rotating outer peripheral surface.
(n is an even number) magnet rotors are arranged, and n salient poles are arranged along the circumferential surface at a distance of 360/n degrees,
The salient pole surface at the open end of the magnetic path of the salient pole faces the rotating surface of the magnetic pole of the magnet rotor with a slight gap therebetween, and the width of the salient pole is made smaller than 360/n degrees. To,
A salient pole type fixed armature made by laminating magnetic thin plates,
The salient poles of the fixed armature are fixed in parallel with each other through a spacer made of a non-magnetic material, and are offset from the center of the salient poles of the fixed armature by 1/4 of the magnetic pole width of the magnet rotor, and have a width of the end face. is equal to or smaller than the magnetic pole width, and is provided with a group of sub-salient poles facing the magnetic pole face with a slight air gap; A commutating pole group for eliminating cogging, a first armature coil that excites the odd-numbered salient poles of the fixed armature so that they have the same polarity, and a first armature coil that excites the even-numbered salient poles so that they have the same polarity. The positions of the second armature coil to be excited and the N and S magnetic poles of the magnet rotor are detected, and the positions of the first and S magnetic poles are detected, respectively.
a position detection device that obtains a second position detection signal;
The position detection signal energizes the semiconductor switching elements connected in series to the first and second armature coils, respectively, so that the first and second armature coils are alternately energized from the DC power supply. A one-phase semiconductor motor characterized by comprising a control circuit.