JPS6099545A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate the working over the working precision of a machine system according to necessity by intercepting the execution of a program and inserting the manual operation independent from an input value and permitting the continuation of the execution of the program after the manual operation. CONSTITUTION:An operator transmits the insertion instruction for manual cutting-in operation from an operating panel and retreats 42 a grindstone to XTEMP position close to a workpiece from the grinding completion stop position 41 and measures the dimension of a worked part. When the actually measured dimension is +DELTAX for an input value Xs, the grindstone is manually advanced to the XNOM=Xs-DELTAX position 43, and additional work for the workpiece is carried-out. After the additional work, the grindstone is held at XNOM position for a certain time, and each deflection of the grindstone 2, NC motor 3 for cutting-in of grindstone, and a feeding mechanism 4 is removed, and the grindstone is retreated 44 in order to measure the worked part of the workpiece again. When the allowable range for the actually measured dimension Xs is satisfied, the instruction for completing manual operation is transmitted from the operating panel, and a controller continues the execution of a program from the next step, and thus the precision free from the error due to thermal deformation, etc. of the machine can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a machine tool, which is improved so that an operator can completely insert manual operations during a series of operations according to a program.

A typical numerically controlled machine tool operates according to a series of machining procedures or programs that are created and input in advance. Therefore, if there is thermal deformation of the machine head, there is a problem in that an error occurs in the actual workpiece size with respect to the target machining size, that is, the program input value. This will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. Figure 1 shows a cylindrical grinder as an example of a numerically controlled machine tool. In the figure, 1 is the main body of the machine tool, 2 is a processing tool (grinding wheel), 3 is a numerically controlled motor for cutting the grindstone, and 4 is a grinding wheel. A feeding mechanism for cutting, 5 a numerically controlled motor for moving the workpiece in the Z direction, 6 a feeding mechanism for moving the workpiece in the Z direction, 7 and 8 a center for holding the workpiece, 9 a workpiece, (2) G is the circumferential speed of the grindstone 2, ji is the circumferential speed of the workpiece 9, and a, b, and c are the parts of the workpiece 9 to be machined.

Figure 2 shows an example of a control device in a numerically controlled machine tool. In the figure, 11 is an input/output device for machining data, 12 is a control device, 13 is a central processing unit (CPU), 14 is a system bus, and 15 is a machining device. An interface for the data input/output device 11, and 16 a storage memory for system control programs (
ROM), 17 is a processing data program storage memory (
RAM), 18ti is an interface for outputting machine control signals, and 19 is an interface for inputting machine control signals. Note that the processed data input/output device 11 includes a control panel operated by an operator, a paper tape input device, a data communication device, and the like. The system bus 14 is comprised of an address bus, a data bus, and a control bus. Furthermore,
FIG. 3 is an example of a conventional machining cycle, and shows data necessary for a plunge cycle in cylindrical grinding. In Fig. 3, Xo#'i machining start position data, XGFi
Transmission transmission start point data for workpiece contact, XBfi, rough grinding start point data, XF is fine grinding start point data, Xs is machining finish diameter data, zL is Z direction position data of the machining location,
Fo is the rapid multi-speed data of the grinding wheel, FG is the feed speed data for contacting the workpiece, FB is the feed speed data for rough grinding, FF
is the fine grinding feed speed data, SR is the timer time data at the end of rough grinding, SF is the timer time data at the end of fine grinding, and Xw is the pre-machining dimension diameter data of the workpiece.

As shown in Figure 3, in the conventional machining cycle, the machine (
After cutting to the finishing diameter position of Xs, the tool stops for 82 hours and then retreats. In this case, the cutting diameter data Xs inputted into the program is the coordinate position set by the numerically controlled motor 3 and feed mechanism 4 for cutting the grindstone 2 shown in FIG. Therefore, if, for example, the machine body (bed) l shown in FIG. 1 is deformed due to thermal deformation or the like and the relative position between the grindstone 2 and the workpiece 9 changes, the amount will directly become a machining error.

In this way, conventional numerically controlled machine tools were based on program operation, which was unmanned, so it was difficult to obtain product accuracy that was better than the machining accuracy of mechanical systems, which includes all elements such as thermal deformation and positioning variations. The problem was that I couldn't do it.

In order to solve this problem, the following method (1) has been conventionally used.

Method (2) has been used, but each has its drawbacks.

(1) After finishing machining, measure all the dimensions of the machined part and check for errors.
- How to calculate and correct program input values and correct the coordinate origin.

This method has the disadvantage that the workpiece currently being processed cannot be corrected, resulting in a defective product.

(2) A method in which all electrical measuring devices are used to measure the final dimensions during machining, and the entire machine tool is controlled by measurement signals from the measuring devices.

This method has the drawback of requiring an expensive measuring device, as well as the disadvantage that the numerical control program is meaningless, and the degree of freedom of the program is limited by the measuring device.

The present invention addresses the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provides a machine tool that can easily and inexpensively process a workpiece with an accuracy better than that of a mechanical system, if necessary, even during program operation. With the goal.

The configuration of the machine tool of the present invention that achieves this objective is such that, in a machine tool that is operated according to a series of machining procedures inputted into a program, the program operation is interrupted at a certain point, and manual operation is performed by an operator unrelated to the program input values. The main feature is that the control device has the function of inserting the program and the function of continuing the program operation again after the manual operation operation.

According to the invention, during the automatic cycle of programmed operation,
Once the entire tool is retracted by a certain amount, the operator can perform manual operations such as manual cutting operations until the operator again issues an instruction to continue the cycle. Therefore, continuous automatic machining is sufficient for areas where mechanical machining accuracy is sufficient, and general-purpose simple measuring instruments such as micrometers are used for areas that require high precision. This allows the operator to measure the machining dimensions and manually perform additional machining of the required amount, resulting in high machining accuracy without errors due to thermal deformation, etc.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. FIG. 4 shows an example of a machining cycle including manual operation in the middle, taking plunge machining in cylindrical grinding as an example. In FIG. 4, the same parts as in FIG. 3 are given the same reference numerals. FIG. 5 shows an example of a program data structure for realizing the example machining cycle shown in FIG. However, the position data indicates the target value and also serves as a movement command. FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of processing to enable full manual operation.

An embodiment of the present invention will be explained along with FIG. 4 while referring to FIGS. 1 to 3.

(1) From machining start 40 to stop 4 after grinding in Fig. 4
The cycles up to 1 are the same as the conventional program operation shown in FIG.

(2) In FIG. 4, the cycle indicated by a broken line from the post-grinding stop 41 to the operation 44 indicates manual operation by the operator. That is, the operator issues a command to insert a manual cutting operation using the machining data input/output device 11 in FIG. The dimensions of the workpiece machined part are measured using an eye meter, etc. It is assumed that the actual dimension at this time is +△X with respect to the program input value Xs of the finished diameter.

The operator uses the grinding wheel to remove all of the above Δχ. XN0M: xs-△X Manually advance the workpiece to position 43 and perform all additional work on the workpiece.

However, XS e XTEMP e XN0M are all 1st
The current value of the grindstone 2 in the coordinate system set in the tool system shown in the figure, that is, the numerically controlled motor 3 for cutting the grindstone and the feed mechanism 4
This is the value read by the operator via the display device on the processed data input/output device 11 shown in the figure.

After the additional machining, the operator holds the grinding wheel at the XN0M position of 43 for a certain period of time, and then moves the tool system shown in Fig. 1, that is, grinding wheel 2. After sufficiently removing the deflection of the numerical control motor 3 for cutting the grindstone and the feed mechanism 4, the grindstone is retreated 44 in order to measure the entire dimension of the machined part of the workpiece again. In this case, the grindstone retreat position does not need to be the same as the position 42.

As a result of the measurement, if the actual measurement size is outside the allowable range of the finished diameter Xs, additional machining is performed again.

Note that manual advancement and retraction of the grindstone may be performed by using a push button signal from a pulse generator as a movement command through software processing via the machining data input/output device 11t shown in FIG.

(3) If the actual measured dimensions of the machining part satisfy the tolerance range, the operator should use the machining data input/output device 1 shown in Figure 2.
1. For example, give a command to the operation panel to complete the manual operation. This command signal causes the control device to continue the entire program to the next step. For example, it is fast-forwarded to the next position xl using Fo.

To explain using the program data in FIG. 5, step 51
There is an instruction to rapidly move the grindstone at Fo to the low-speed feed start point XG for contacting the workpiece, then an instruction to move the grindstone at speed FG to the rough grinding start point XR, and coarse grinding at speed FR to the fine grinding start point xF. I have an order. Furthermore, in step 52, there is an SR waiting time timer command after rough grinding, and then the finishing diameter
There is a command to perform fine grinding at speed FF up to s, a timer command for 82 hours after fine grinding, and then, in step 53, a command to enable full manual cutting operation M1 From step 54, after the manual cutting operation is completed, continuous automatic Order to enter operation XI,
There is an FO.

Step 530 A command that enables manual cutting operation during the cycle will be explained with reference to FIG.

When the operator inputs all the signals for manual operation insertion through the operation handle, pushbutton, etc. via the processing data input/output device 11 in FIG. Perform the processing as follows. Generally, during programmed automatic operation, the manual operation circuit associated with the machining data input/output device is disabled. This is designed to prevent the machine tool from performing operations other than those specified by the program if the operator accidentally glazes the operating nozzle or the like. Therefore, insertion of a manual cutting operation is effective when the program is in a stopped state after rough grinding. Step 62 is a processing system corresponding to manual cutting, which includes movement processing for the command pulse and updating of the current value accompanying movement. Note that if these processes are performed independently through separate routes, the other processes in this loop are unnecessary. In step 63, it is determined whether the operator intends to complete the manual cutting operation commanded via the machining data input/output device 11 such as the operation panel shown in FIG. Step 64 is the previous step 6
In the reverse process of step 1, even if the operator issues a command for manual cutting operation during grinding, it is invalidated.

The process that enables the manual cutting operation shown in FIG. 6 can be realized by both software and hardware.
The present invention does not care about these differences. This process is incorporated into the control device 12 shown in FIG.

As explained above, according to the machine tool of the present invention, the control is not based on external measurement signals, but rather allows the operator to intervene at necessary points during program operation, contrary to conventional numerical control aimed at unmanned operation. Therefore, high machining accuracy without errors caused by thermal deformation of the machine, etc. can be obtained easily and at low cost.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a simplified configuration diagram of a cylindrical grinder as an example of a numerically controlled machine tool, Figure 2 is a block configuration diagram showing an example of a control device, and Figure 3 is for explaining an example of program operation. Figure 4 is a diagram of a machining cycle that includes manual cutting operation during program operation, Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the program data, and Figure 6 is a diagram that allows manual cutting operation. FIG. In the drawing, 11 is a processing data input/output device, 12 is a control device, 13 is a central processing unit, 16 is a storage memory for a system control program, and 18 is a storage memory for machining and processing by 18 companies. Figure 5 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a machine tool that is operated according to a series of machining steps input in a program program, there is a function that allows the operator to interrupt the program operation in the middle and insert a manual operation operation by the operator that is unrelated to the program input value, and a function that allows the operator to insert a manual operation operation that is unrelated to the program input value. A machine tool characterized in that it is equipped with a control device that has the function of continuing full program operation again.