JPS6057923B2 - Metal extrusion processing method and device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for melt extrusion processing of metal.

[Conventional technology]

Conventional metal extrusion processing equipment can be divided into vertical and horizontal types in terms of mechanical device configuration, and direct extrusion and indirect extrusion in terms of extrusion methods, but all of these types have the following types: There are some drawbacks.

1) Regardless of the method or type of extrusion molding machine, in order to extrude the product extruded from the die into a long product in one stem operation and improve the product yield and productivity, It is necessary to use a billet with a large diameter and a long length, but if a billet with a large diameter is used, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the product to the cross-sectional area of the billet, that is, the extrusion ratio, increases. Extremely high extrusion pressure is required, which increases the size of the entire device, and the stress to which the container is subjected increases.It is extremely difficult to obtain materials that can withstand this, and there is a limit to the size of the billet.

(2) When the length of the billet is increased, the frictional force on the inner surface of the container increases, and most of the extrusion force is used for this, reducing the effective extrusion force for extruding the product, and the high-power pressurizing ram , which makes the device extremely large.

As a method that eliminates the above drawbacks, a method has been proposed in which the billet is brought into a semi-molten state and the billet in the semi-molten state is extruded. However, it is not easy to transport a billet in a semi-molten state into a container while maintaining that state, and because the deformation stress is small, the billet is deformed and broken, causing the billet to be delivered into the container. Moreover, depending on the material of the product, the temperature range of the semi-molten state is narrow, making it difficult to supply the billet while keeping the entire billet at a constant temperature.
[Object of the Invention] The present invention aims to eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional methods and devices as described above, and provides a metal that can be extruded from a molten metal in a semi-molten state or a partially solidified state. The present invention provides an extrusion method and apparatus for the same.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIGS. 1 to 3, container support frames 2 and 3 are provided at approximately the center of the base 1 in the longitudinal direction, facing each other in the lateral direction,
In between, a cylindrical container holder 4 is rotatably mounted by supporting a rotating shaft 5 fixed to its side wall in a bearing 6 of the frame.

One rotating shaft is connected to a motor 10 via gears 7 and 8, so that the container holder 4 can rotate around the rotating shaft 5. A container 11 is fixed in the container holder 4, and a container sleeve 12 is removably housed in a tapered receiving portion therein. The die holder 13 approaches the container holder 4 and the die frame 14
is provided so as to be slidable in the longitudinal direction.

The die holder 13 includes a back plate 15 and a die 1.
6. The die holder support cylinder 17 and the guide 18 are fixed respectively, and the piston rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is attached to the guide 18! The die holder 13 is configured to slide by the operation of the piston rod 21.
Above the die holder 13, a wedge 22 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 2.
3 so as to be able to slide up and down, and the wedge 22 engages with the die holder 13 to fix it. On the opposite side from the die 16, a ram frame 24 is provided, in which an extrusion ram 25 is provided in the center, and return rams 26 are provided on both sides, each with a crosshead 2.
It is connected to 7.

An extrusion stem 29 is fixed to the crosshead 27 by a fixing plate 28. The frames 2 and 3 and the die frame 1 frame 24 each have four support columns 31.
They are connected to each other to secure the center. next,
The processing steps of the above embodiment will be explained.

The container sleeve 12 is a cylindrical body having a tapered outer diameter and a cylindrical through hole in the inner diameter, and is placed vertically in the heating device 32 as shown in FIG. Place 33.

This dummy block 33 serves as a bottom plate to prevent leakage when molten metal is poured, and as a push plate that is pushed by the stem 29 and slides in close contact with the inner surface of the container sleeve 12 to push out the molten metal. It fulfills the following. Incidentally, the container sleeve 12 may have a cylindrical shape and be provided with a means for preventing it from coming off. In this embodiment, since the example is for forming a vibrator material, the cylindrical mandrel 34 is used as the dummy block 3.
It is fixed at the center of 3.

This mandrel 34 may be molded integrally with the dummy block 33, or may be fixed separately. In addition, since the mandrel 34 is inserted into the die 16, it is formed to be slightly longer than the container sleeve 12, but since the length relationship with the container sleeve 12 is mutual, it depends on how the structure is made. This is possible even if the structure does not protrude from the container sleeve 12. Next, as shown in FIG. 4b, molten metal 35 is poured from above.

At this time, since the opening is wide open on the upper surface, the air bubbles in the molten metal 35 and the air inside the container sleeve 12 during pouring escape from below upwards, making it possible to create a billet with fewer air bubbles. The poured molten metal is gradually cooled by the container sleeve 12, which is maintained at a temperature lower than the molten metal temperature by the heating device 32. The container sleeve 12 is transported and set in the container 11, and extruded. Immediately before the start of the process, heating is controlled by a heating device 32 so that the metal becomes semi-molten or partially solidified. The container sleeve 12 is then removed and conveyed to the extrusion device (FIG. 4c) and placed in the container 11 held vertically as shown in FIG. Since the dummy block 33 inside the container sleeve 12 is slidable, there is a minute gap between it and the container sleeve 12. However, the molten metal 35 is viscous, and the dummy block 33 is slidable inside the container sleeve 12 at the same time as the molten metal 35 is poured. The contact surfaces thus begin to cool immediately, so that no hot water can enter the gap and leak out the bottom. Next, the container holder 4 is rotated by the operation of the motor 10 and is oriented in the horizontal direction of the extrusion axis. (See FIG. 1) At this time, the molten metal 35 is in a semi-molten or partially solidified state, so it will not collapse even if it is directed horizontally. Next, the die holder 13 is moved by the operation of the cylinder 20 to fit the tip of the die 16 into the opening of the container sleeve 12. At this time, the tip of the mandrel 34 is inserted slightly into the die 16. Subsequently, the ram 25 is advanced, the head of the stem 29 is brought into alignment with the dummy block 33 as shown in FIG. In this way, the vibrator 38 (see FIG. 4e) can be formed. After completely extruding, the die holder 13 is moved back to create a gap between the container 11 and the die holder 13, as shown in FIG. 4e.

At this time, since the mandrel 34 and the die 16 are in close contact with each other via the vibrator material, the die 16, the vibrator material, and the mandrel 34 are separated from the die holder 13 as one body, as shown in the figure. Next, after cutting off the vibrator part, the integral part of the mandrel 34, the die 16, and the scraps of the vibrator is removed. Subsequently, when the stem 29 is further pushed out, the base large meridian part 29a of the stem 29 is inserted into the container sleeve 1.
Press 2 to push out the container 11 and take it out. Of the container sleeve 12, dummy block 33, and die 16 taken out in this way, the die 16 is transferred to the tie holder 13, and the container sleeve 12 and dummy block 33 are transferred to the heating device 32 and reassembled for use. The above embodiment is for molding a vibrator, but when molding a wire rod, the dummy block 33 is removed during extrusion,
The stem 29 may be used to extrude directly. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the heating device 32 in the previous example is not used, and the container sleeve 12 is fixed to the extrusion device.
In the figure, it is made to melt directly into molten metal.
The same symbols as in the previous example are used.

In this example, an alignment key 36 is attached to the tip of the stem 29 and is adapted to engage with a keyway of the dummy block 33. This embodiment is suitable for molten metals that do not require the container sleeve 12 to be heated to a particularly high temperature, or for molten metals that do not require heating. First, as shown in FIG. 5a, the container 11 is placed in a vertical position and molten metal is poured into the container sleeve 12.

When the metal is in a semi-molten or partially solidified state, the container 11 is made horizontal, the die 16 is engaged forward, the stem 29 is pushed out, and the key 36 is engaged with the keyway 37 of the dummy block 33 (the second Figure 5 b), followed by extrusion to form a vibrator. Next, the dice 16 are moved back. At this time,
As shown in FIG. 5c, the dummy block 33 remains on the stem 29 side due to its engagement with the key 36, and the product is separated together with the die 16. Subsequently, the stem 29 is retreated to return the dummy block 33 (FIG. 5d), and the container 11 is further rotated to a vertical position, and the next step is started. [Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, a dummy block is combined with a container sleeve as a bottom plate to form a container into which molten metal is poured, and during extrusion, the container is directly transferred to an extrusion device as it is. The manufacturing process is greatly simplified because it serves both as a sleeve and as a pushing plate that slides closely against the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve and evenly extrudes partially solidified or semi-molten metal. Ru.

In addition, conventional equipment first melts the raw material to create a solid billet, then heats it again to a semi-molten state and inserts it into a container, or inserts the billet into a container and attaches it to the container. In order to heat the material with a heating device to make it into a semi-molten state or to extrude it after maintaining the semi-molten state, duplicate heating operations and an attached heating device are required.

However, in the present invention, since at least the step of heating the billet is omitted, a large amount of electrical energy can be saved. When extruding a vibrator, conventional equipment requires several steps, such as producing a billet and then mechanically drilling a hole in the billet, or heating the billet and inserting it into a container, then drilling a hole in the softened billet by pushing a mandrel. However, the present invention involves attaching a dummy block having a mandrel to a container sleeve to form a container, pouring the molten metal into the container, and That is, since the mandrel is inserted into the molten metal during pouring, the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks are eliminated, and the mandrel can be easily fixed to a dummy block that serves as a push plate. Furthermore, since the dummy block moves during extrusion, the length of the mandrel can be shortened, and uneven thickness of the vibrator due to swinging of the mandrel can be minimized, making it possible to improve product accuracy, increase yield, and simplify and downsize the equipment. You can get inexpensive products. Furthermore, when extruding materials in a semi-molten state, even if the material has a narrow temperature range, it can be fed into the container because it is transported by a sleeve, and materials that are not in a semi-molten state, such as pure metals, can be fed into containers. Even in the case of materials, they can be supplied in a partially solidified state, and can be extruded with small extrusion force using small equipment.

In addition, in the first embodiment, in particular, by holding the container sleeve at a constant temperature externally and removing it from the apparatus after extrusion, it is possible to obtain a constant cooling time or to use a low-quality, inexpensive material. Materials can be used and even high temperature molten metals can be extruded. Furthermore, if the pouring device and extrusion device are arranged vertically, the height of the device becomes very high, but in the present invention, the extrusion device is arranged horizontally, and when the molten metal does not collapse, the container Since the extrusion direction (horizontal) is set to extrude in the horizontal direction, the height of the device can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway plan view showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a front view, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a machining process, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a machining process of another embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Base, 2, 3... Support frame, 4... Container holder, 5... Rotating shaft, 6...
...bearing, 7,8...gear, 10...
...Motor, 11...Container, 12...
Container sleeve, 13...Dice holder, 1
4... Dice frame, 15... Plate, 16... Dice, 17... Support cylinder,
18...Guide, 20...Hydraulic cylinder,
21... Zeston rod, 22... Wedge, 2
3... Hydraulic cylinder, 24... Ram frame, 25... Extrusion ram, 26...
...Returning ram, 27...Cross head, 28
...Fixing plate, 29...Extrusion stem,
31...Support column, 32...Heating device,
33...Disc dummy block.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A dummy block is arranged as a bottom plate at one end of a cylindrical container sleeve that is detachably inserted into a container of an extrusion molding machine to form a vertical container, and a vertical container is formed inside the container sleeve. A metal extrusion process characterized by injecting molten metal, and when the molten metal becomes at least partially solidified or semi-molten by cooling, the container is rotated in the extrusion direction, extruded together with a dummy block by a slam, and formed through a die. Method. 2. A cylindrical container sleeve supplied with molten metal;
a dummy block that is slidably inserted into the container sleeve and forms at least a bottom plate and uses the container sleeve as a container; a container that rotates the container, a die holder that is slidably provided in the axial direction in front of the container in the extrusion direction, a die that is disposed in the die holder, and a device that rotates the container; 1. A metal extrusion processing apparatus, characterized in that the container sleeve is maintained at a temperature lower than the temperature of the molten metal, and the container sleeve is maintained at a temperature lower than the temperature of the molten metal. 3. The metal extrusion processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a mandrel for pipe production is fixed to the center of the dummy block.