JPS6055085A - Preparation of gasoline engine fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prepare a gasoline engine fuel having high engine starting and accelerating powers and a high octane value, by blending light naphtha, benzene, alkylbenzene, paraffinic hydrocarbon, naphthenic olefinic hydrocarbon and kerosene in specified proportions. CONSTITUTION:The fuel is prepd. by blending 0-25% light naphtha, 5-25% benzene, 21-60% alkylbenzene, 10-30.5% paraffinic hydrocarbon, 0-35% naphthenic olefinic hydrocarbon and 0-16% kerosene. It has excellent storage stability, an octane value of about 80 and good volatility and combustibility and gives out exhaust gas which contains CO, NOx, SOx, etc. in amts. of 1/2-1/3 of those of ordinary gasoline. Thus the fuel has superior qualities as gasoline and is produced at a low cost.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (1) Purpose of the invention The present invention relates to fuel for gasoline engines.

Generally, gasoline is produced by hydrogenation reforming of light naphtha (distillation from compounds with 5 carbon atoms to a boiling point of 70°C) and heavy naphtha (70°C-180°C) produced during atmospheric distillation of crude oil. It is produced from the catalytic cracking of light oil (860°C to 40°C).The inventor aims to reduce the number of component substances as much as possible, regardless of the usual route of gasoline produced by major oil refineries such as these. The aim was to develop a fuel that could produce a fuel equivalent to ordinary gasoline by simply mixing it, but which was no inferior to ordinary gasoline in terms of performance.

(2) Structure of the Invention In general, fuel for gasoline engines must satisfy at least the following conditions.

■Easy to start.

■ Good acceleration performance.

■ Less staining due to oil dilution.

■ High octane number.

■ Good storage stability.

■ Low fuel consumption.

Although it is necessary for gasoline fuel to completely satisfy these conditions, it is by no means an easy task since there may be cases where it is difficult to mutually satisfy each of these conditions. For example, it is extremely effective to increase the percentage of aromatic hydrocarbons in order to improve starting performance in cold weather and to increase the octane number, but on the other hand, this tends to cause premature ignition and increases mileage. The emphasis will be on things such as becoming more accommodating. Also, alcohol is thought to be effective in improving starting performance, but it does not improve starting performance despite its high volatility. Alcohol at low temperatures or if it absorbs moisture2
Although it separates into layers and has high vapor pressure, the lower limit of combustion is high, so startup performance is poor. The amount of heat generated is small, making it easy to stretch. Accordingly, depending on which of the above six conditions to what extent and which part is to be emphasized, the compositional component hydrocarbons to be mixed may be Qlefin (olefin), Aromatic (aromatic), P
araffin (paraffin), Nnphtben
It is decided which hydrocarbon (naphthene) to focus on. A more detailed examination of the 6 conditions is as follows.

1) It is necessary to lower the 10% distillation point of gasoline to make it easier to start, and low boiling point components are necessary, such as light naphtha, cyclopentane (60°C), 2-meth
yl pentan (60°C) or n-hexane (68°C) are also important substances.

U) In order to improve acceleration performance, it is desirable to lower the 50% ejection point, and it is usually adjusted to 100 to 120°C. For this purpose, benzene, toluene, and xylene are added. Since there is a linear relationship between the 50% distillation point and the required acceleration time, it greatly affects the output.

1) In order to eliminate dilution and staining of oil, the 90% distillation temperature should be 200°C to 210'C (dew point at this time is 70°C).
Make it.

lv) Increase the percentage of aromatic hydrocarbons to increase the octane number. Even among naphthenic, olefinic, and paraffinic hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons with high octane numbers are used. Isoparaffin is used for paraffin. There is little change in direct distillation gasoline, but cracked gasoline has a higher octane value at low speeds and a lower octane value at high speeds. Also, since reformed gasoline contains a lot of isoparaffins, the octane number is higher at high speeds than at low speeds. In this sense, hydroreformed gasoline derived from heavy naphtha has the highest octane number.

■) In order to increase storage stability, the values of actual gum and latent gum are reduced, and lead compounds are not mixed.

vl) In order to reduce fuel consumption, it is necessary to appropriately increase volatility and increase the octane number, and consider the combination of component compositions so that complete combustion is always easy, and it is also necessary to add a combustion improver.

As a result of research into the optimal component composition for gasoline by considering various conditions such as those mentioned above, we found that light naphtha or boiling point 45-64°
Component C: 0-25%, benzene 6-25%, alkylbenzene 21-60%, paraffin hydrocarbon 10-8
It was concluded that the one containing 0.5% as the main component exhibits the best performance.

An example of gasoline fuel production is 5% light naphtha, benzene! 5%, alkylbenzene 40%, isoparaffinic hydrocarbon 2o96, naphthenic hydrocarbon 5%, and kerosene 5% are stirred and mixed to form a product.

Added 1% higher alcohol to prevent freezing.

Also, limit the amount of kerosene mixed in to 16% or less. This is to suppress the 90% distillation point to 200 to 21 G'C. This is because the boiling point range of kerosene is 180°C to 250°C.

(8) Effects of the present invention Actual driving tests and exhaust gas tests using the product of the present invention revealed particularly excellent performance.

1. The concentration of CO, Now, and SOx in the exhaust gas is lower than that of regular gasoline. (-～～) 2 The 10% point of distillation is low at 70'C, so start-up performance is good.

8.5096 points are 80-110'C, good acceleration and large output.

4. The 90% point is around 2006C, which means it has little oil dilution staining property and is excellent in this respect.

6. Octane play is 80th and can maintain high speed from low speed.

6. Great storage stability.

7. Good volatility and combustibility, low fuel consumption, and good growth.

As mentioned above, it has all the excellent performance as gasoline, and can be produced at a sufficiently low cost.

Patent applicant Tadashi Higashi Naka - 7- 667-

Claims (1)

[Claims] Light naphtha 0-25%, benzene 5-25%, alkylbenzene 21-60%, paraffinic hydrocarbons
A method for producing a gasoline engine fuel consisting of O to 80.5%, naphthin olefin hydrocarbons 0 to 85%, and kerosene to 16%.