JPS60502074A - Electronic ballasts and lighting systems that use them - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Electronic ballast and lighting system using the same The present invention generally applies to discharge lamps with high Concerning electricity/stem supplying frequency alternating current. This plug-in system is installed on commercial AC power lines. connected to a power line, preferably a three-phase power supply. The system uses alternating current as a normal building wiring system. rectifying means for rectifying relatively smooth direct current at a voltage that is safe for power transmission to the grid; When supplying a discharge lamp with a current of, for example, 20 to 30 K [(z), c a switch for reversing the current to alternating current with a suitable voltage and controlling the current flowing through the discharge lamp; with filament heating means or with extensive electronic means. The present invention , most formally, π, as here referred to as an electronic ballast or an identified state ballast. 1. Regarding the electronic means mentioned above.

Conventionally, in order to operate fluorescent lamps with alternating current at a frequency exceeding 50 to 60 Hz, commercial Various methods have been proposed for It is necessary to increase the efficiency of egg lugie compared to when Raising the frequency The potential benefits of using small, lightweight, and low-cost fluorescent accessories are It is possible. Since fluorescent lights first came on the market, ballasts and other While numerous improvements have been made to make the accessories available for 60 cycle operation. , control circuit components such as transformers, reactors and capacitors are of a specified size. In general, the higher the frequency, the tighter the restrictions become. It is for the sake of becoming. However, when high frequencies were first adopted, commercially available Several problems arose, including that the conversion equipment was expensive and had relatively low efficiency.

Subsequent developments have shown that frequency conversion can be improved sufficiently to make it more generally applicable. I found out that it was possible. Control equipment and circuits used at high frequencies are Suggested for use in applications and possible general use.

Thus, in this field, mainly practical and experimental work and, by the end of the 1960s, 60 cycles of fluorescent lamps based on 2-3 systems installed under special circumstances. The advantages of operating at frequencies in excess of 1/2 seconds have become recognized. fluorescent light To realize the potential benefits of operating at high frequencies, , circuits, systems, and systems that are fully satisfactory in terms of efficiency, reliability, and cost. had to wait for the development of a conversion device.

In fields other than fluorescent lighting, frequency exchanges far exceeding 3000 cycles are Transition as a means of meeting this need has become a necessity. Research on stars has become popular. Direct current for use in fields other than lighting such as The development of circuits based on transistors that invert alternating current was a second success; Transistor circuits were also developed for use with fluorescent lights. transition The use of ballasts made it possible to manufacture fixed-state fluorescent lamp ballasts until 1976. The fixed state ballast has a diode bridge rectifier and a filter, 12 20KG( It was supposed to be equipped with a z-sine wave oscillator. The basic circuit is essentially a transformer. C with a filter choke added to further increase the switching efficiency of the transistor. It was a slow pressure string wave oscillator. There are two specific applications for basic circuits, namely: 40W rapid start type fluorescent tube and many 96 inch instant start type fluorescent tubes Applications have been proposed to provide the higher starting voltage required by the tube. circuit scale It is small and has an efficiency of about 90%, and is expected to become the standard for all lamp ballasts in the future. It was predicted that 90% efficiency of levers would be adopted. This prediction This was not realized for about six years.

The circuit that supplies alternating current to the solid-state rectifier here uses single-phase and three-phase power supply lines. It contained. Three-phase power supplies are particularly useful in that they produce relatively smooth direct current after rectification. One element of the preferred rectifier circuit of the present invention, which is advantageous over single-phase power supplies, is the above-mentioned This is a known rectifier. This means that the neutral point of the six secondary windings is connected to the load and smoothing inductor. The power is supplied from a triangular-star connected transformer connected to the cathode via a transducer. This is a mercury arc rectifier with six anodes.

The first part of the proposed system includes a large number of lamps that transmit high-frequency power through a power distribution device. , for example, if an inverter is installed to supply all the lamps on the roof of a large building. Such centrally located systems are slow on the market for several reasons. It wasn't well received. First, central inverters are necessarily large and complex This caused great inconvenience when handling special equipment in the lighting area.

Also, when distributing high-frequency waves over a fairly long distance, power losses are greater than normal. Thick on top. In addition, noise at audio frequencies and even higher frequencies from long lines. The radio noise generated is also a problem. In addition, [If you use a rabbit start type A lamp] the filament of these lamps must be supplied with a filament heating current. Wiring such a system can be complex and difficult, as it requires If the lament heating current is also distributed from the center point along with the high frequency current, the wiring costs costs are often even higher. Conventionally, in general applications, the blood phase power of 60Hz was rectified by a fixture at each installation. It was distributed so that Therefore, in large buildings, a large number of rectifiers and usually requires a large capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor, and perhaps a large inductor. become.

Inductors used for this purpose are inefficient, expensive, noisy, and Electrolytic capacitors are unreliable, temperature sensitive, and have a limited lifespan. Ru. Using a capacitor filter alone will result in a very low system power factor; Therefore, power transmission loss increases.

High-frequency operation of the lamp is achieved by rectifying the alternating current and providing direct current to a high-frequency inverter. In order to obtain the advantages of Prior art systems for The results were either unsatisfactory in that respect.

Acceptable in the market, safe, economical, reliable and efficient flexible/bilite systems that operate in frequency ranges above approximately 20-30 KHz. There was absolutely no way to provide a system that had both.

Uninvention fulfilled this long-standing need.

Embodiments of the invention in its broadest sense include rectifying means for converting alternating current into direct current; preferably from a low frequency AC power source, including inverter means for converting into a high frequency 7 current. It consists of a system that supplies high-frequency alternating current. The inverter means may be one or more. several or many discharge lamps, usually fluorescent lamps, e.g. It may also include means for powering the fluorescent lamp and dimming the lamp.

In narrower embodiments, this invention refers to electronic ballasts or fixed state ballasts. If the electronic means used in the system are (during bJ clamp operation, To limit the flow of direct current in a lamp circuit when the resistance to the flow of current is relatively small. and (C) to heat the lamp filament or wire. It preferably provides a high level of current during operation and a much lower level of current during operation. Provided for supplying electric current.

The system typically consists of a single core connected to a commercial AC power supply, preferably a three-phase power supply Preferably, a power distribution center is provided having a central transformer therein.

The primary winding of the transformer is derived from the power supply and is usually too high to be safely distributed to the building. The secondary winding receives power with a line voltage suitable for distribution to the building. is supplied to the power distribution center. The available power supply is at a voltage suitable for distribution to the building. If there is a central transformer (not required), if the building has 7 distribution stems, e.g. It includes multiple sub-centers, one each located in The area to be controlled is so wide Nametoki (only needs to have one subcenter on one floor, but one subcenter For areas that are too large to be efficiently distributed by a central controller, several sub-sensors are used. 39 A typical building in which a winding is installed has a The secondary winding (usually 110 to 260 volts) Power is supplied via a transformer connected to a power outlet, etc.

Properly placed sub-centers can be used to route the 7 currents to multiple inverters near the ramp. A rectifier is provided to convert the direct current into direct current that is supplied to the converter. One of the subcenter transformers The secondary winding is connected in a triangular connection system, and the secondary winding is made as a terminal for the neutral or ground wire. Preferably, the windings are connected in a star pattern with a common central connection point of the windings used. The secondary winding is In addition to the usual three windings, six-phase currents can be supplied to the rectifier as explained below. Preferably, it also includes three further windings wound in such a way as to six phase current When rectified, the ripple becomes relatively small, so in order to obtain a smooth DC current, Rectification is relatively simple and inexpensive. The rectifier is connected to the neutral line or The positive and negative lines together with the grounding wire form a DC power distribution system to feed the inverter. Two six-phase diodes providing direct current to the positive and negative terminals connected to the line of It is preferable to have a doped group. For electronic ballasts, installation is limited to one lamp per fixture. Depending on the number of fixtures, each fixture or adjacent fixtures each have a group of fixtures. For this, an inverter is provided as an element. The inverter of the present invention One to four or even more lamps can be powered without risking the load. lamp Based on the requirements of the inverter and the inverter, the rungs and installations that can be used to power each ballast are The number of ingredients can be easily determined.

The ballast converts the direct current received from the aforementioned system to a high frequency of e.g. 20-30 KHz. Inverter means for converting high frequency alternating current into high frequency alternating current. converts the voltage generated in the stage into a voltage suitable for operating the lamp and and a transformer that heats the lamp filament accordingly. Does it require dimming? or, if desired, means may be provided to smooth the direct current before it is converted to alternating current. good. In addition, means to facilitate the starting of the lamp, as well as after starting to conduct current It is no use even if a means is provided to limit the current flowing through the lamp. Inverter and related The means for doing so constitute an inventive electronic ballast or solid state ballast.

Hereinafter, the features and advantages of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief description of the drawing Figure 1 shows a commercial power source supplying three-phase current and a building central transformer. Voltage transformer (usually located in the central power room, which exchanges the high voltage supplied from the central transformer) sub-centers that rectify the current to direct current, preferably distributed to a three-wire direct current transmission system. The desired high-frequency power for operating the fluorescent lamp is obtained by reducing the voltage at a voltage 1 suitable for Blocks of preferred inverter equipment for supplying multiple inverters line diagram, Figure 2 shows that the relevant parts provide three-wire direct current to the inverter, Schematic diagram showing the secondary winding of the transformer in the rectifier, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a primary winding suitable for the transformer of FIG. 2; Figure 4 shows air conditioning equipment 1 installed in the transformer of the central power room or the transformer of the inverter. For extracting single-phase or three-phase alternating current used in outlets of cleaning equipment, appliances, etc. A schematic diagram showing the additional secondary winding of a 120/240 volt single phase electrical a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 4 showing the means for obtaining the flow; Figure 6 shows an inverter suitable for use as an electronic ballast in the apparatus of Figure 1. The circuit diagram of a transistorized inverter circuit, FIG. 7, shows part of a transistorized inverter according to the prior art. circuit diagram, Figure 8 shows how multiple rapid-start fluorescent lamps connected in series operate. Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a modification of the circuit in Figure 6, showing how the fluorescent light flashes. FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a part of the circuit of FIG. 6 modified so as to be able to After start-up, a means is provided to reduce the power supplied to the electrodes of the fluorescent lamp. Figure 6 times FIG. 11(A), a circuit diagram showing yet another modification of a part of the road, shows two fluorescent lamps. Two levels of filament heating current are applied to the filament or 7Ji%.

That is, (1) it supplies the full heating current when starting the fluorescent lamp, and (2) it supplies the full heating current when the fluorescent lamp is in operation. is a much lower filament current, e.g. about the normal filament power / 11(B) shows a circuit diagram of a circuit supplying 3. a circuit diagram of the right part of FIG. 11(A) modified to provide heating power; Figure 11(C) shows the same result but a slightly different connection to the transformer. 71 A circuit diagram showing yet another modification of the right part of FIG. 71(A), Figure 12 shows how capacitors are used to obtain a good power factor in high-frequency, high-voltage power supply lines. High-frequency, high-voltage power supply line from the inverter using both an inductor ballast and an inductor ballast. Schematic diagram showing how to connect multiple lamps via FIG. 13 is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, but with two transistors. The base and father of the energizer diode are mutually modified to supply current to the reader. a circuit diagram of an inverter circuit having means; Figure 14 shows how to heat all fluorescent lamp filaments, capacitor ballasts and inductors. It has a means of obtaining a high power factor at the inverter output end by using both ballasts, A circuit diagram of a circuit connecting an inverter to two pairs of series connected fluorescent lamps, Figure 15 shows that two fluorescent lamps are connected in series and the pair is connected to the high frequency high voltage dual It is connected in parallel with a single fluorescent lamp via a line coming out of the next winding to control the fluorescent lamp. A circuit that connects an inverter to multiple fluorescent lamps, including a saturable reactor that emits light. It is a circuit diagram.

As mentioned above, embodiments of the invention in its broadest sense are directed to discharge lamps, typically fluorescent lamps. Several installations of the nodule consist of a device that supplies a high frequency alternating current voltage to the fixture. below The preferred devices described in Receives low frequency (50-60Hz) alternating current of pressure and distributes this alternating current as needed. Inverter means to convert direct current to high frequency, high voltage alternating current to a voltage suitable for The voltage is sent to rectifier means forming a three-wire DC circuit for power supply. Each inverter has a At least one installation holding at least one fluorescent lamp has a high frequency (20 ~301 (Hz or higher) current is supplied. The installation tool is for fluorescent lamp filament or is wired to connect the electrodes to the high frequency, high voltage line coming out of the inverter.

However, the present invention is not limited only to this preferred embodiment; This circuit can be installed in place of the AC power supply mentioned above, or as an emergency supplement. Extracts the current needed to operate the fluorescent lamp from the DC power supply used as an auxiliary power supply. It also includes equipment that

preferred device First, FIG. 1 will be explained. Is the device in Figure 1 connected to a general commercial power supply (not shown)? extract electricity from the

For power! ri, terminals 1a, lb and lc of the primary winding of the transformer 2 are connected. world In most countries around the world, commercial power supplies are low-frequency (50-60Hz) alternating current. In order to minimize I2R losses during power transmission,7 To do this, the voltage of the generator is stepped up by a transformer so that it is much higher than the output of the generator. voltage and then gradually lowered, usually by continuously lowering the voltage. and do not pose any danger to the various parts of the transmission system from the main transmission line to each user. Set it to the voltage you think it will be. This supply voltage shall be in the range 110-240 volts However, this value is allocated to buildings where people gather, such as a single home, a store, a church, and a theater. It is considered to be a safe voltage for use. Often, especially in recent years, users The voltage supplied is now much higher. In particular, if the building to be energized is Association, school.

This tendency is strong for 1 when the building is a commercial building. In such cases, Necessary for reducing the supplied voltage to a voltage suitable for the building to which it is distributed. It is common to have a central transformer room within the building that houses the essential transformers. strange Voltage transformer 2 is this central transformer, whose -order winding (i when the supply voltage is high) It is also insulated for safe operation. The secondary winding distributes the voltage within the building. In order to drop the voltage to a voltage suitable for and the building's electrical distribution system by means of output leads or output terminals 3a, 3b and 3c. It is connected to the. Connect the primary winding of a three-phase circuit to a three-color connection or a Y-connection in the same way as the secondary winding. You can also line it up.

The illustrated building power distribution system is a three-wire circuit based on transformer 2; formed by lines 4, 5 and 6 connected to output terminals 3a, 3b and 3c of the secondary winding. will be accomplished.

Lines 4, 5 and 6 connect to a plurality of rectifier means at the sub-center of the distribution system. Continued. In FIG. 1, as an example, there are four rectifying means 7a, r, 7b.

7C and 7d are shown, but in the following explanation, they will be rectified together. Consider this as means 7. Generally, each floor of a large building has at least one sub-sensor. The area is so spacious that a single sub-center cannot efficiently supply power. In some cases, two or more subcenters may be appropriately arranged on one floor.

If a voltage suitable for power distribution can be extracted from the commercial power source within the premises of the building, transformer 2 are not needed and the building's power distribution system starts with lines 4, 5 and 6. in this case, line! - J, directly connected to the It source, but receiving power in the center of the building; , it is necessary to allocate power to the lines going to the subcenters.

Each rectifying means 7 has a low frequency voltage having a distribution voltage on its input side, i.e. on its negative side. receive the wave alternating current and from its output side, i.e. the secondary side, preferably as a three-wire direct current. Power is supplied to lines 8, 9 and 10.

Then, with a three-phase transformer having an iron core (not shown) and associated rectifying means, - 2 and 3 showing the wire (11) and the secondary winding (18) will be explained. three Instead of a phase transformer, three single-phase transformers may be provided. In the case of three-phase power supply, - next volume The wire 11 has three windings 12, 13 and 14, as shown in FIG. Two input terminals 15. ．． 143 and 17, which are connected in a triangular connection system that provides Lines 4, 5 and 6 are connected to.

The secondary winding 18 of the rectifier transformer has six windings 19 and 20.

21, 22, 23 and 24, with a common connection 25 at the center and an aligned One terminal 26 is formed on the output side of the flow means 7. Terminal 26 is indicated at 27 In this specification, the common terminal is referred to as a neutral terminal or a ground terminal. Called. The line shown in FIG. 1 as being connected to the terminal 26 of the rectifying means 7a. Line 9 may also be referred to as a neutral line, common line or ground line.

The rectifier transformer is Chester L-Daws. Author "Il:I J11 in Electronic Engineering" Volume 2 " "Alternating Fist Currents" 4th edition (1947, McGraw-Hill e-book) Company) o Pages 573 and 574, Figure 485. It is constructed, wound and wired as shown. Line 8 by rectifying means 7a , 9 and 10 and the voltage across these lines are relatively smooth. Ru. When the relationship between the EMF of each winding and time is expressed in a graph, it shows an envelope of continuous positive peaks. The connecting line shows the maximum change of 13.3. That is, Dawes wrote 574 pages of his book. In FIG. 487(a), sine waves E1, E2°E3. E4. E5 and E 6, the central connection 25 as well as the 6 windings of the secondary winding. Beak E at both ends of terminals 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33 The MF, or maximum EMF, is 1 and the minimum EMF is 0.867. The times of the present invention Smoothing inductance and/or By using more capacitance, the load current ripple is smaller. Therefore, the mercury arc adjustment described on pages 533 to 576 by the author of Dawes As can be seen in completely different circuits of flow devices, even if ripple is not taken into consideration, heavy No major errors will occur.Terminals 28-3 of the six windings 19-24 of the secondary winding 3 each have a diode 34 with one leg facing outward (~, the other leg facing outward). It is connected to the terminal point of the fork line with inwardly directed diodes 35. each die The cathodes of the diodes 34 are connected to a common line 36, and the anodes of each diode 34 are connected to a common line 36. Connected to different outer ends of each winding 19-24 of the secondary winding via the legs of the fork track be done. Similarly, the anode pole of each of the six diodes 35 is connected to the common line 37. connected, the cathode connects each winding 19 to 2 of the secondary winding via the leg of the forked line. 4 different outer ends. Common line 36 and terminal 38, still common line The line 37 is connected to a terminal 39 on the output side of the rectifying means 7. Figures 1 and 2 As shown in , line 8 is connected to terminal 38, and line 10 is connected to terminal 39 (respectively). be done. The voltage between terminal 26 and terminal 38 is the same as that between terminal 26 and terminal 3, except for the polarity. 9 and between terminals 39 and 38, as shown in FIG. The voltage of This is a problem in the design of the secondary winding. In reality, the peak voltage across the secondary winding is 1 70 volts is sufficient and therefore between terminals 26 and 38 and between terminals 2 The DC voltage between terminal 6 and terminal 39 is also about 170 volts, and the DC voltage between terminal 38 and terminal 39 is also about 170 volts. The voltage between them is twice that, 340 volts.

A rectifier transformer is used to energize AC loads such as electrical outlets and AC motors. It's okay. Currently, in the United States, 277/480 volts are installed inside large buildings. It is common to distribute phase current energy savings and power lighting devices directly from this power source. The load of 13 outlets etc. is 120 (110-130) volts. Currently, there are multiple Several dry type transformers are used. Voltage standards are different in the United States and other countries. However, in any case, the transformer used in the rectifier shown in Figure 2 is , the load is connected to terminals 28, 30 or 32 or (-1: neutral terminal 25) current with the desired phase and voltage, e.g. 120 volt single phase current. to the load, and if the load is connected to terminals 28, 30 and 32, the three Supply phase current to the load and the load connects terminals 28 and 3° or 28 and 32 or 30 and Provides 208 volts of single-phase current to the load when connected to .

Additionally, in the three-wire arrangement shown schematically in Figure 5, terminals 28 and 31 are Sexual terminal 25. and a combination of terminals 28 and 32 or 30 and 33 and neutral terminal 25 Single-phase output of 120/240 volts can be obtained. Figures 4 and 5 times The output terminal of the circuit (not rectified and not shown in FIG. 1) is connected to the output of the rectifying means 7. They are placed on the blade side for easy reference. 8, 30 and 32, 28, 25, and 31 in the figure. The rectifying means in Fig. 2 is 120 or 208 or 240 volts AC negative in modern building electrical distribution systems. Includes three-phase transformers such as those used to supply power to loads. This transformer misfires Compared to conventional high-frequency lighting equipment, when used in combination with bright DC power supply equipment, Cost reduction can be achieved.

If desired, a voltage other than +170 volts or -170 volts can be applied from the rectifying means shown in Figure 2. It is also possible to extract the DC output voltage. That is, when a low voltage is obtained (V), 12 Connect the diodes 34 and 35 of @ to the taps of six windings 19 to 24 of the secondary winding (as shown) High voltages can be applied by connecting these windings together (without an extension) (see figure (not shown).

When used in equipment other than lighting equipment used today, the regulations have already been established. A DC output of +120 volts is particularly desirable according to the applicable standards.

Three-wire DC distribution systems can use thinner wires, each winding of the secondary winding 19-24 can be utilized even more fully, and the winding is conducted twice during one cycle. If the DC loads are equal on the positive and negative lines 36 and 37, these windings There is no direct current flowing between the wire and the neutral terminal 25, and the positive DC power supply indicates that the negative power supply has failed. Two-wire direct It is more advantageous than current distribution system.

(2) When the rectifier shown operates, the six windings 19-24 of the secondary winding are , a sinusoidal alternating current varying in one cycle from -170 volts to +170 volts. Generates voltage. Because the primary winding 11 of the transformer is excited in three phases, the six windings are The voltages at the outer terminals 28 to 33 are distributed at equal intervals within one cycle of the low frequency current. positive peak values are reached at successive points. At a certain moment, terminals 28, 2 One of 9, 30, 31, 32 and 32 at all other ends of this group The positive voltage value becomes higher than the neutral terminal 25, and becomes approximately 170 volts, which is more positive than the neutral terminal 25. Ru. A diode 34 (connected to this more positive terminal) Connect to line 36. The remaining five diodes are inertia at this point. As the 10 hours pass, the other five diodes 34 also turn on, one at a time. The windings are turned on in sequence and the most positive winding is connected to the line 36. That is, the line 36 is always is maintained approximately 170 volts more positive than neutral terminal 25, and the AC transformer voltage is Similarly, the six diodes 35 (which are rectified into DC voltage) operate in sequence to The most negative terminal of the group of terminals 28 to 33 is connected to the line 37 and read. child Line 37 is held 170 volts more negative than neutral terminal 25. The rectifier shown in Figure 2 produces a good DC output with little ripple, with a ripple of about 45 coefficients. However, the power factor of line 4.5.6 of the three-phase power supply circuit is as high as approximately 95.5.

Three wires are supplied with power from respective terminals 38, 26, 1 and 39 of the rectifying means 7a. The formula DC lines 8, 9 and 10 are connected to each other via lines 8 and 9 for one load circuit. connected to several loads, and for another load circuit connected to the load across lines 9 and 10. Continued. For maximum efficiency, these loads must be balanced against each other. Each load is connected to a fluorescent lamp 67 (the number and arrangement may vary). This is an inverter means 40. FIG. 1 shows six inverter means as an example. It is shown. In FIG. 1, six inverter means are 40a to 40 f, but with regard to the description of the member data means shown in Figure 6 below. use the generic reference number 4o. Explanation of the circuit shown in Figure 6 (see below) This applies to any of the inverter means 40a to 40f. Inverter means 40 a, 4Qc and 40e are parallel to each other across lines 8 and 9, and are inverter data means 40b.

40d and 40f are parallel to each other with the lines 9 and 10 in between. As an example Although a total of six inverter means are provided, according to the present invention a single inverter means is provided. The output circuit of the rectifying means 7 can have any one to as many as possible according to the rating of the rectifying means. Any number of inverter means may be used. A person skilled in the art will know that the rating of the rectifier means is permissible. The maximum number of inverter means of a given rating that can be accommodated can be easily determined.

The rectifying means 7b, 7c and 7d are also illustrated and described with respect to the rectifying means 7a, respectively. It has a load circuit similar to that described above.

The fluorescent pair 67 in FIG. 1 is an inverter means 40a that supplies high frequency alternating current to these pairs. , 40b, 40c, 40d.

In correspondence with 40e and 4Of, 67a 1, 67a 2 to 67f, etc. Each of these is specified and indicated.

That is, among the fluorescent pairs 67a1 and 6 supplied with power from the inverter means 40a, 7a2 are connected in series, 67a3 and 67a4 are connected in parallel, and 67 a5 and 67a6 are each independently supplied with power. Similarly, inverter means 40 Among the fluorescent pairs that are supplied with power from b, 67b1 and 67b2 are each supplied with power independently. 67b3 and 67b4 are connected in parallel. In addition, the inverter means 4 Fluorescent pairs 67c 1, 67c 2 and 67c3 supplied with power from 0c are all independent The fluorescent pairs 67d1 and 67d2 are supplied with power from the inverter means 40d. are also independent. Fluorescent pair 67e supplied with power from inverter means 40e 1 and 67e2 are in parallel, and the fluorescent pair fed from the inverter means 40f is 67 f.

Fluorescent pairs must be electrically connected to high frequency alternating current and kept in place during use. No. Generally, a means for electrically connecting a fluorescent pair to a high frequency alternating current from an inverter means. one or more pairs of sockets arranged at appropriate intervals as Typically, such installations use a fixture as a receiving or retaining means. Phila Sockets that comply with standards for ment-type fluorescent lamps have a removable and replaceable fluorescent pair. It is something. Each socket connects the contact pin or terminal at the end of the fluorescent tube to the and at least one contact that is electrically engaged. For filament type fluorescent lamps, A filament is connected to two contact bins at each end, which socket the fluorescent pair. At each end, the filament will be connected to a heating current source when properly seated in the Next, FIG. 6 will be explained. The inverter means 40 has a positive input terminal 41; It has a negative input terminal 42. These input terminals 41 and 42 are connected to lines 8 and 9 Alternatively, it is connected via lines 9 and 10 to a DC line exiting from the rectifying means 7. rectification When using a DC power source other than means 7 (as mentioned in @, it is possible with the present invention) ) Input terminals 41 and 42 should be used for emergency purposes or in locations far away from commercial power. connected to any power source used, such as a battery circuit, solar cell, or fuel cell. Continued. On the output side of the inverter means 40, in the inverter means 40, the following Output terminals 43 and 43 that output the high frequency current generated by the means detailed in . There are two a's. From positive and negative input terminals 41 and 42 to output terminals 43 and 43a The entire circuit includes respective inverter means 40'a, 40b.

Consists of 40c, 40d, 40e and 40f.

The inverter means 40 includes a high-output class B funnocheble collector tuned current, and a drive generator. It further comprises two transistors 44 and 45, which are active elements of the oscillator.

This type of oscillator is used to generate large amounts of alternating current power from a direct current power source, and is generally is called an inverter and includes such an element in an uninvented circuit. Use this name as a reference.

The transistor 44 has a base 46, a collector 47, and an emitter 48. The transistor 45 has a base 49 , a collector 50 , and an emitter 51 . same The regulating circuit includes an inverter transformer 54 having a magnetic core 55, for example a ferrite core. Inductors or windings 52 and 53 are included. Windings 52 and 53 have a common center 5 7 and connected to collectors 47 and 50 by lines 65 and 70, respectively. It has a terminal helmet and 59. This circuit (1) increases the efficiency of the fluorescent lamp; 2) to be inaudible; and (3) to be small and virtually lossless. Shake at a frequency of at least 20 KHz to make the components available. tuned to move or resonate. The windings 52 and 53 are connected to the magnetic core 55 of the transformer 54. The windings are then wrapped around other windings as described below. During operation, the winding 52 and At terminals 58 and 59 of terminals 58 and 53, a sinusoidal high voltage alternating current appears. , W! i heart 55 is provided with a feedback winding 61, which is connected to the winding 52 by the action of the transformer. A voltage much lower than that is induced. This means that the number of turns of the feedback winding 61 is 5. This is because it is smaller than 2 and 53. The terminals of the feedback winding 4161 are It is connected to bases 46 and 49 of transistors 44 and 45. The polarity of the feedback voltage is , generates the positive feedback necessary to maintain the oscillation from the oscillator toward the base. selected as follows. Transistors operate in efficient alternating switching mode At some point, when one transistor is completely off, the other transistor The star is fully turned on, the same state as a closed switch, and is saturated. 1. Switching from the -10,000 state to the other state is performed by the feedback signal to the base. It will be done. Transistors with more positive base voltages are in saturation, or “on” state. transistors with more negative base voltages are in the “off” state; A short transition time is required to complete the switch from one state to the other. Ru.

The direct current flowing into the inverter means 40 from the rectifying means 7 or other power source as mentioned above is , conductor 62 connects fuse 63 . The diode 64 and the diode wound around the magnetic core 66 Connected to the common center 57 of windings 52 and 53 via a conductor or winding 76 It enters the positive input terminal 41.

Winding 76 maintains the current in conductor 62 constant, as will be explained in more detail below.

This may be done with the line 69 instead of the conductor 62, depending on the wishes ζ. in common At center point 57, the current must take one of two paths. stomach. - The path of the wire is the winding 52, the terminal side, the line section, and the collector of the transistor 44. 47 and emitter 48, and the current is connected to the rectifying means 7 or another power source via the input terminal 42. and return lines 68 and 69. When the transistor 44 is conducting, The flow takes this course. The other path connects the winding 53, the terminal 59, the track 70, and the truck. collector 50 and emitter 51 of resistor 45, line 69, and input terminal C. The current is returned by the rectifying means 7 or the battery power supply (when the transistor 44 is turned off and the transistor When resistor 45 is on, the current takes this path. Winding 52 of transformer 54 and 53 alternately flow through all the windings wound around the magnetic core 55. Generate voltage.

This is the desired result obtained by the action of the inverter means 40.

Generally, a transistor turns on faster than it turns off. Therefore, one One transistor turns on before the other transistor turns off completely. is possible. As a result, at each switching time, terminal 5 of windings 52 and 53 A substantial short circuit condition briefly occurs across 8 and 59.

The current flowing through winding 76 and its associated circuit elements remains approximately constant. , so the collector current of the transistor is greatly reduced during short circuit or conduction overlap. Since it is designed not to rise, there is no harm even if a short circuit occurs. In this way, A transistor has a collector voltage of essentially zero and a collector current that is applied externally. Switching operations are initiated and completed under ideal conditions of being limited.

In the line 72, for example, a junction point between adjacent terminals of the diode 64 and the winding 76. The resistor 71 connecting the conductor 62 to the center point of the feedback winding 61 at the positive input terminal The two transistors 44 and 45 are connected via the feedback winding 61 from the conductor 62 conducts a low current to their respective bases 46 and 49. Inverter means first When turned on, this is the only base current source and is used to ensure reliable starting. Mejko is essential. When vibration occurs, as explained in more detail below, Most of the base current is derived from the voltage induced in the feedback winding 61.

Diode 64 does not need to be used, but if input terminals 41 and 42 are If the fuse is connected to the DC feed line (8, 9 or 9, 10) with the same polarity, the fuse will blow. It works to prevent blows.

Diode 73 connects resistor 75 and magnetic core 66, which are used as described below. The base 46 of the transistor 44 is connected to the line 69 via a wound winding 80. However, the diode 74 is connected to the base of the transistor 45 via the resistor 75 and the winding 80. Connect the ground 49 to the line 69:C.

The difference in operation between a typical prior art base connection configuration and the circuit of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. This will become clear by comparing it with FIG. In Figure 7, the corresponding The parts shown in FIG. 6 are indicated by adding a after the reference numerals used in FIG.

A typical base connection configuration according to the prior art includes transistors 44a and 45a. , a single diode 73 connected in series with the winding 80a and the resistor 75FL. a. This combination connects the center tap of the feedback winding 61a to two transistors. It is connected to emitters 48a and 51a of registers 44a and 45a. this The circuit has a large base current by rectifying the low voltage of the feedback winding 61a. The purpose is to efficiently provide DC components. Base-E of transistor The rectifying action is provided by the transmitter junction, and the winding 80a is closed during the switching time. In at least one resistor, when the current feedback voltage passes through zero, maintain current. Diode 73a simply has a small starting component of base current. It only prevents it from flowing out from the resistor 71a. Transistor characteristics (・ By the way, the voltage on either base must exceed the emitter voltage by about 0.8 volts or more. I can't. For this purpose, most of the feedback voltage across the feedback winding 61a must be The base of either transistor is in the “off” state at any time. must appear as a square voltage. The center tap of the feedback winding 61a is negative twice in each cycle, whereas each base goes negative once in each cycle. Become. When the center tap becomes negative, the current flows through diode 73a, winding 80a and resistor. via the resistor 75a to the base of either transistor in the on state. Keep flowing. Most of this current is used to turn on the transistor. Before As mentioned above, winding 80a maintains the current flowing through it approximately constant and Provides stable power for the other base.

For prior art circuits, the maximum voltage across the feedback winding 61a is only a few volts. Yes, limited by the peak reverse voltage rating of the transistor's emitter-base junction. Ru. Most of this voltage is generated by the diode 73a and the emitter beam of the transistor. Thus, as in the case of “voltage drop”, When the feedback voltage decreases due to the low line voltage, the base, drive current becomes very low. This results in intermittent vibrations. To be more specific, the transistor is It conducts direct current without anastomosing, and a high voltage is present from the collector to the emitter. Due to this, the amount of power dissipated is high and the transistor is damaged in a short time.

In the case of the present invention shown in FIG. 6, the center tap as in the prior art circuit of FIG. Rather than a single diode, one at each end of the feedback winding 610. Diode 73 and cuff 4 are connected.

As a result, the voltage available for rectification is doubled, r/″i, under all low voltage conditions. However, it maintains stable operation down to low input voltages such that the transistor is adequately protected. can be done.

In Figures 6 and 7, winding 80 (aJ is not necessarily required, but may be used) In this case, the peak of the base current is reduced and the resistor 75a (7th cap The amount of power dissipated in resistor 75 (FIG. 6) can be reduced. No. If it is desirable to provide something equivalent to the frame line 80a in Figure 7, the winding 80 Instead of a, as shown in FIG. If the wire is wound around the magnetic core 66 of @76 in the same way, it will be more efficient.

Due to the transformer action from winding 76, which acts as a main inductor, several wires in winding 80 In addition, the ideal voltage of winding 80a can be achieved without using an additional motherboard or bobbin. Equal voltages are induced. The winding 80 is connected to the feedback winding 61 at the top of the resistor 75. By applying a current voltage equal to the AC component of the voltage obtained from the resistor 75 to the bottom of the resistor 75, the resistor In order to leave only a DC voltage across the resistor 75, an additional winding 80 is required in the prior art. The same constant base current provided by a is obtained.

A small capacitor 83 is connected to the junction point 57 between the windings 52 and 53 and the feedback winding 61. It is preferable to continue. This capacitor is turning off at the right time Take out the base current from the base of one of the transistors, and then By applying a ground current to the transistor that is turning on, the switching behavior is speed up production.

Diode 8 is used to limit the maximum peak voltage that can be applied to the transistor circuit. 4 and a Zener diode 85 are connected in series to both ends of the winding 76.

Otherwise, during the transition state, the inverter means will receive a low current from the rectifying means 7. Hazardous voltage that can destroy transistors when first switched to an impedance power supply Pressure may occur.

It is also possible to place the diode 86 across the DC input line. this diode conducts only the moment the DC input is interrupted. Diode 86 is connected to winding 76 The stored current decays when it can no longer flow through the input conductor 62. We will provide you with an approved career path. The diode 86 further includes a DC input voltage This suppresses the occurrence of arcing, which occurs when a switch (not shown) is turned off. diode 84 and 86, the Zener diode 85, and the capacitor 83 are a transition suppression circuit. form.

In the preferred embodiment shown, several windings are arranged on the magnetic core 55 of the transformer. This eliminates the need to use two expensive transformers, as was the case in the past. There isn't.

The AC output of the inverter means can be used in various ways. According to Figure 6 For example, three or more "rabid start type" fluorescent lamps 67a 5, 67a 6 and 6 7a7 is used for driving. These fluorescent lamps have a filament at each end. The electric current generated by the low voltage causes the filament to must be heated. For ease of explanation, the fluorescent lamp 67a5 is Lament 90a5 and 91a5. 90a6 filament of fluorescent lamp 67a6 and 91a6. The filaments of the fluorescent lamp 67a7 are designated as 90a7 and 91a7.

The heating current of the filaments 90a 5, 90a 6 and 90a7 is applied to the magnetic core 55. obtained from a wound low voltage heating winding 92. filament at the other end of each fluorescent lamp The components 91a5, 91a6, and 91a7 are wound around the same magnetic core as shown in factor 6. requires separate heated seams 93, 94 and 95 attached. including fluorescent lights Discharge lamps have negative impedance characteristics, so they cannot be operated directly in parallel. The effect is actually feminine. A stable impedance is provided in series with each fluorescent lamp. flow must be restricted. Each inductor or capacitor has energy Stable functions can be performed without consuming energy. In Figure 6, as a ballast Capacitors 96, 97 and 98 are shown. Windings 53 and 53 are fluorescent lights. Configures Nodame's sine wave high voltage high frequency power supply. The voltage of these windings is determined almost entirely by the DC voltage applied to the The voltage is applied to one or both of the windings 52 and 53 at the low voltage tap 99. You can set it independently by tapping either side. Voltages higher than this , over the point where one or both windings connect to the collector of the transistor. and extend the winding by wrapping more wire (not shown, but see Figure 8). It can be obtained by

For the fluorescent lamp, a completely separate secondary winding of the desired voltage (not shown, but shown in FIG. (see FIG. 14) may be used by forming it on the magnetic core 55, and if necessary, The transformer may be completely isolated if desired.

Other loads can be arranged in various ways and are further explained in Figure 1 and below. As shown in Figures 11 to 14, the circuit in Figure 6 has more (or fewer) ) It doesn't work even if you use a fluorescent light. Due to the parallel operation method of C, some parts of the fluorescent lamp can be installed without You can remove it and reduce the illumination without significantly affecting the remaining fluorescent pair. Ru. In particular, when the number of fluorescent pairs is even, the fluorescent pairs can be arranged in series or series-parallel. It can also be run with . In such a configuration, the number of stabilizing capacitors required can be reduced by The stable capacitance can be reduced as explained in further detail below. Dimming is possible by adjusting.

In many discharge lamps containing fluorescent pairs, the filament must be heated separately. When using such a lamp, the heating windings 92, 93, 94 and 951-1 is unnecessary.

FIG. 8 shows the circuit of FIG. 6 for two rapid start type fluorescent lamps 101 and 102. An example will be shown in which a modification is made in which the motors are operated in series. Of the circuits in Figure 8, the ones in Figure 6 Elements corresponding to the elements are designated by the same reference number followed by the letter b. Therefore, it will not be specifically explained here. One or two suspended extension windings 103 on the magnetic core 55b and 104, the voltage between the collector of the transistor is higher than voltage can be obtained. Windings 92b, 106 and 110 are fluorescent pair filaments. Provides power for heating 105, 107, 108 and 109. single The capacitor 111 is a stabilizing capacitor that controls the currents of the two fluorescent pairs.

dimming The rapid start type fluorescent lamp uses the cavantance of the stabilizing capacitor 111 shown in Fig. 8. By reducing the amount of light, dimming can be easily controlled. In this case, conventional switching means (as shown) into the circuit manually or by remote control in various combinations (without) Capacitor 111 is configured by several independent capacitors that can be switched. This is an easy method to form. Another applicable to adjust area lighting The method involves plugging in various values of capacitor 111 according to the desired lighting level. Is Rukoto.

Dimming by adjusting the stabilizing capacitor provides sufficient starting power at all lighting levels. voltage is obtained and is therefore superior to the voltage drop method. The preferred described here The dimming method is to keep the filament voltage constant, which is usually the value when dimming. This is the way to keep it.

Further, the light can also be controlled by the circuit shown in FIG. 14, which will be described later.

blinking The inverter means 40 can also be readily used to electronically control blinking; In this case, a part of the circuit shown in FIG. 6 must be modified. Figure 9 looks like this The circuit element corresponding to the circuit element in Fig. 6, which shows a part of the circuit modified by , are indicated by the same reference number followed by the letter C, and here specifically Don't explain. A separately provided transformer 112 has a magnetic core 113 and an optional negative winding. a primary winding 114 having terminals 115 and 116 connected to an alternating current power supply having a frequency of , a series of heating filaments of fluorescent pairs 67a5c, 67a6c and 67a7c. The inverter has secondary windings 92c, 93c, 94c and 95c. Inverter works independently of the means to keep the filament heated at all times. No filament windings from the data source itself are required. input into the inverter means The direct current power generated is a low level signal (less than 1 volt a ) is controlled by a transistor 114 that can be turned on and off. How to switch this The method is also easier to implement than switching in wave circuits. transistor 11 It doesn't matter if you use a mechanical switch for Q instead of 4.

filament control 10 or a modified example of the circuit in FIG. 8; parts corresponding to those in FIG. 8 refer to the same reference The numbers are indicated by adding the letter d. Filaments of fluorescent pairs 101d and 102d is directly supplied with power from the constant voltage inverter transformer 54 of FIGS. 6 and 8. Instead, power is supplied from the transformer 54d. Primary winding 52 d of transformer 54 d, It receives its input terminal from the voltage across the fluorescent pair. An arc occurs in the fluorescent pair. A slight voltage drop may occur in the stabilizing capacitor 111d before the , the voltages of the inverter means are all applied to the primary winding of the transformer 54d. The result As a result, the secondary winding 92 d of the transformer 54 d is used to rapidly heat the filament. , 106d and 110d will have significantly higher outputs. When an arc occurs, the At this point, the arc voltage of the fluorescent lamp drops considerably and the voltage of all windings of transformer 54d drops. The pressure decreases, especially the heating voltage of windings 92 d, 106 d, and 110 d. do. Lower heating voltage means less power consumption and less circuitry This means that it operates more efficiently than in the case of What is the traditional system? Unlikely, no switch is required to reduce heating power.

By arranging the heating winding in the transformer 54 d, the already complex transformer 54 design is simplified.

Due to the high frequencies used, the transformer 54d can be constructed in a very compact and low cost manner. There is no power loss at all. Stop the heating completely and let it cool down. The lifespan of some laments may be shortened, so avoid completely stopping them. usually The problem is that during startup, ions hit the filament before the proper operating temperature is reached. The filament suffers the most damage when Due to the control action of transformer 54 d This shortens the collision time, extending the life of the fluorescent lamp and reducing operating energy. Ghee efficiency is pastured.

Figure 11(A) shows that when the fluorescent lamp is first turned on at the beginning of the illumination cycle, the heating When a high current is supplied to the filament of a filament type fluorescent lamp and stable operation is reached, , immediately the current flowing through the filament can be automatically reduced. This circuit shows the inverter shown by block 120 (which is It may be the same as the circuit described above, or it may be a different circuit that performs the same function). , a ballast (such as an inductor or capacitor) represented by block 122. an electrical connection wire 124 between the inverter and the ballast; A line 125 from the stabilizer 122 to a load 126, which will be described later, and an inverter 120. and a return tangential line 128. The load shown is 125, and the other terminal is connected to the return connection wire 128. 130 with a filament 134 at one end and a filament 136 at the other end. A light lamp 132 is included. The heating current of the filament 134 is applied to one of the autotransformers 130. One end of an autotransformer is connected by a tag 138 located one turn or several turns from the end. The heating current for filament 136 is supplied from one turn from the other end of the autotransformer. It is fed from the other end by a tap 140 located at a minute or several turns.

After the inverter 120 is turned on, the filament 13 of the fluorescent lamp or tube 132 4 and 136 or 61 before an arc occurs between the fluorescent lamp and ballast circuit. (In this case, almost no current flows. Therefore, in the ballast 122 impedance There is almost no voltage drop, and almost all of the voltage obtained from the inverter 120 is simply The entire winding of the winding transformer 130 is viewed. Filament or cathode 134 and 136 Voltages suitable for rapidly heating the autotransformer types 138 and 140 will be guided to the last wire that was added. After heating (for a short time), shade or fi Since enough odd electrons are emitted from the laments 134 and 136, an arc occurs between the shadows. generated. Therefore, a large amount of current flows through the fluorescent lamp and the ballast, and the voltage of the ballast becomes large. It descends deeply. Voltage remaining between terminals (between filaments or cathodes) of a fluorescent lamp is a much lower value, for example, up to about 1/2 of the original value, although there is a slight difference. Descend. This fluorescent voltage is applied to the autotransformer, so the windings of the autotransformer Voltage drops everywhere. More specifically, tap 138 and The voltage at the heating wire portion that exceeds 140°C drops, causing the cathode heating voltage to decrease as described above. lower to a lower value. The power to directly heat the cathode is determined according to the square of the voltage. Therefore, the heating power is reduced to a value substantially less than 1/2 of its original value. to this method This saves two-thirds of the energy used for direct heating of the cathode. It is common to No electronic or other switches are required; no fluorescent lights are required. - ballast - filament - transformer) circuit with only two lines (more inverted). connected to the Therefore, this circuit is low cost and easy to install with an integrated inverter. Unlike fixtures, fluorescent mounts are convenient for use in fixtures.

Installations that hold one or two fluorescent lights use a system that includes several fixtures, with a common It can be operated from an inverter, but in this case, considering economics, should be loaded to full power.

Autotransformer 130 not only saves energy, but also replaces traditional ballasts. Therefore, it does not show any drawback that the heating means as seen are completely turned off. Save energy without doing anything. a limited amount maintained over the length of each cathode The voltage causes a cathode-to-cathode arc to first strike between the ends of the cathode where the voltage difference is greatest. live. A hot spot is formed where most of the electrons are emitted. Part of each @ thing? Once the electron-emitting oxide is burned out, the superheated spot moves to the next highest voltage neighbor. In this way, the entire filament is covered during the useful life of the fluorescent lamp. Go along to Megumi. If the prescribed voltage is not provided on both sides of the filament, The hot spot moves uncontrollably and there is still enough oxide film left. Don't delay until the cathode part. As a result, premature failure of the cathode occurs.

As explained above, one of the features of the invention is that it saves 273 yen of electric power for heating the ink. On the other hand, it is important to maintain the voltage at each cathode at a sufficient value to move the hot spot correctly. That is.

Similar to an autotransformer 130, but with an additional filament winding, some of which There are no common conductive connections as in an autotransformer, and there are no common conductive connections as in a conventional transformer. A direct extension of the circuit described above by means of a filament transformer insulated in Two further fluorescent lamps connected in series can be operated.

As in the prior art, this system In the system, an additional winding (not shown) or a secondary winding of the main inverter transformer is at least one constant impedance front inverter output connected to The heating means can be energized directly from the intermediate transformer.

FIG. 11(B) is a variation of the circuit of FIG. 11(A) providing constant heating power. It shows ゛. In Fig. 11 CB), the circuit corresponding to the circuit element in Fig. 11 (・A) is shown. The circuit elements are designated by the same reference numeral with the letter a and are not specifically described here. Many. The major difference between the circuit of FIG. 11(B) and the circuit of FIG. 11(A) is that A filament transformer 130a spans lines 124a and 128a. an inverter (not shown), such as inverter 120, and a ballast 122a. 3. The filament 134a is connected between the terminals 142 and 144. The heating current is supplied from the short second winding, 146, and the heating current is applied to the filament (136a). The thermal current flows from one end of the winding of the filament transformer 130a to one turn or several turns. It is supplied from the tap located at . The voltage across this transformer is determined by the ballast 122 It is not affected by the voltage drop at a, and does not change significantly as the current flows. , the voltage supplying current to filaments 134a and 136a is , is kept approximately constant. High frequency filament transformer 130a4t, magnetic core, 7' For example, a transformer having a ferrite core 148 is preferable.

FIG. 11(C) shows yet another modification of the circuit of FIG. 11(A), and similarly, Circuit elements corresponding to those in FIG. 11(A) have the same reference numerals with the letter b This is what is shown. The difference between these two circuits is that the tap of autotransformer 130b 138b and 140b are the ends of the windings connected to lines 125b and 128b. filaments 134b and 136b. The leads leading to are connected to the transformer terminals, not to the winding taps. Ru. The operation of the circuits in FIG. 11(B') and FIG. 11(A) is as shown in FIG. 11(A/). The operation is almost the same as that described for the circuit.

Figure 12 shows the 9120 (D, J: Una Inba) The filament of the fluorescent lamp is connected to the high frequency AC output lines 124c and 128c from the Some circuits are shown for supplying heating current to the

A first circuit 150 in FIG. 12 connects lines 124c and 128c in parallel. a pair of fluorescent lamps 152 and 154 and cathodes 156 and 158 of fluorescent lamp 152; and various means for heating the cathodes 160 and 162 of the C fluorescent lamp 154. do. The means for heating filament 1'56 includes one end of filament 1'56. A transformer winding 154 is connected to one end and the other end is connected to line 162. child One end of the line 162 is connected to the other end of the filament 156; Connect the joint where the filament 160 is connected to one terminal of the capacitor 164. Continued. The other terminal of capacitor 164 is connected to line 124c by line 166. One end of the filament 158 of the fluorescent pair 152 to be connected is connected to the wire by a line 168. 128C. The other end of filament 158 is connected by line 172. 1 connected to one end of the transformer winding 170, the other end of the transformer winding 170 is connected to the line 16 Connected to 8. One end of the filament 162 of the fluorescent pair 154 is connected to the line 174. The other end (connected to the line 128C by the ri line 176) Ru.

The filament 160 of the single light lamp 154 is the same as the filament 156 of the fluorescent pair 152. However, in place of the capacitor 164, an inductor is connected to the line 124C. A coil 182 is provided, and a winding 178 is provided in place of the winding 160. Ductance 182 and winding 178 act as a ballast for the fluorescent pair. stabilizer conde The combination of sensor and ballast inductor maintains a high power coefficient at the output end of the inductor. can. The main inverter transformer consists of windings 160, 170 and 178, with constant of thermal power. When performing all starting operations of the fluorescent pair (No. 11 (2) (A) and (C)), this circuit connects lines 124C and 128c to supply sufficient voltage to the fluorescent pairs 152 and 154 or to the ballast capacitor 16. The voltage drop across 4 and ballast inductor 182 substantially reduces the voltage during operation. Do the following ceremony.

The second circuit 184 has a filament 188 at one end and a filament 190 at the other end. A single fluorescent pair 186 is provided. This circuit consists of lines 124C and 12 8C from intermediate automatic transformers connected to lines 194 and 19G respectively. Receives constant filament power. The heating current of the filament 188 is A 200s can be supplied, for example, from a transformer 198Vζ with a ferrite core.

One end of the #street transformer strip 192, -1 forms the primary winding of the transformer 198. two The next winding has one end connected to one end of the filament 188 and the other end connected to the line 204. This is the winding 202 that continues.

One end of the H path 204 is connected to the other end V of the filament 188, and the other end is connected to the winding 2 02 and the connection point of the line 20/[, and one terminal of the stabilizing capacitor 206 ('This connection be done. The other terminal of stabilizing capacitor 206 is connected to line 124C by line 208. connected to. One end of filament 190 is connected to line 196 by line 210. The other end is connected to tap 214 of autotransformer winding 192 by line 212. be done.

The third circuit 216 has the same reference numeral as the second circuit 184 with the letter a added. has an element denoted by , but with several turns of an autotransformer circuit at both ends. By using the difference, for example, one end of the filament Connect to the tap 202a located several turns from the end of the pressure coil 192a. This eliminates the need for a separate transformer 198. Filament of fluorescent pair 186a The receiver receives variable power from this circuit. That is, after an arc occurs in the fluorescent pair, , the filament voltage decreases.

The fourth circuit 218 has a ballast inductance 2 instead of the ballast capacitor 206a. The third circuit 216 is the same as the third circuit 216 except that 06b is used. That's so Other circuit elements are the same as corresponding elements of second circuit 184 and third circuit 216. They are shown with the letter b appended to their reference numbers and will not be specifically described here. third circuit 216 stabilizing capacitor 206a and the fourth circuit 2180 stabilizing inductor 2 If combined with 06b, the power factor will increase.

Second. The third and fourth circuits 184, 216 and 218 are all essentially the same. When starting, the inverter to which lines 124c and 128c are connected After supplying all the power to the fluorescent lamp and the fluorescent lamp enters stable operation, it will be much lower. Supply voltage.

In the second circuit 184, all voltages are always applied to the filament, but in the third and in the fourth circuits 216 and 218, the voltage applied to the filament is When the voltage across the fluorescent lamp becomes low, it is automatically reduced.

The fifth circuit 220 is connected in series via lines 124c and 128c and has a single two fluorescent lamps 222 and 22 controlled by one filament transformer 192c; 4. One end of one filament 226 of the fluorescent lamp 222 is connected to a third circuit. 216, connected to tap 202c of autotransformer winding 192c, The other end is connected to the end of the autotransformer winding 192c, and the capacitor 206 c and line 124c via line 208C. The phi of the fluorescent tube 228c At one end, the lament 190c has several turns from the end of the autotransformer winding 192C. It is connected to a tap 214C located vertically at the line 210c and 1 at the other end. 96C to the line 128c. Fluorescent lamps 222 and 224 have contacting frames. The filaments 227 and 228 each have a second winding that is the autotransformer winding 192c. The short winding 23 forming the secondary winding of the transformer (parallel with the L7111 terminal in between) connected to. A small condenser straddles the fluorescent lamp 224 (or fluorescent lamp 222). Connect the inductor 232 (or inductor) to assist in starting and to obtain good operation. It may be used to reduce the need to use high voltages.

The sixth circuit 234 uses inductance instead of capacitors 206c and 232D. This circuit is the same as the fifth circuit except that 206d and 232d are left open. sixth Other parts of circuit 234 have the same reference numbers as corresponding parts of fifth circuit 220. It is indicated by the letter d appended to it, and will not be particularly explained here.

The fifth circuit 220 and the sixth circuit 234, the third circuit 216 and the fourth circuit 2 18 single fluorescent lamps except that they have two fluorescent lamps connected in series that blow , operate essentially the same as the third and fourth circuits.

As shown in FIG. 12, the circuit of the present invention can be modified in various ways without changing its operating principle. Can be transformed. For example, a system operated with a constant filament voltage , by lowering the voltage across the fluorescent lamp filament, the maximum voltage it can hold during operation The heating current after startup can be reduced and the power factor can be increased.

A resistor having a relatively high resistance value, e.g. 100 kilohms The current flowing through the device 71 d (a) flows directly into the base 46 d, and ( bJ winding 61d and a resistor with a relatively low resistance value, e.g. 10 ohms. It flows through the container 240d to the base 49d and is also wound around the magnetic core 55d. Feedback % lines 79 d and 79 ad are connected from resistor 75 d to diode 73 d and d In that it is inserted into each terminal line extending to the diodes 74d, The circuit of FIG. 6 is slightly different. It includes a modified circuit as shown in FIG. follow The base 46 d has a diode 73 d and two windings 79 d connected in series. and 79ad, connected to the base 49d via the diode 74d, ? L At the same time, the diode 73 d, the winding, the wire 79 d, the resistor 75 d, and the The transistor 44 is connected to the line 96d via the circuit coil 78d. 13 to power the base of d and 45 d Current flowing through resistor 71cl (very low initial bias to ensure reliable starting) Provides a ground current. . The operation of the modified circuit shown in Fig. 13 is as follows. Chiru.

When at least one transistor is turned on, current flows from input terminal 41d to 76d, center tap 57d, and main inverter transformer 54tl')-7 Yamaki 7 through the wires 52 d and 5:3 d, thus - the next winding 52 When a voltage is applied to d and 53d, the same magnetic One terminal of the return winding string 6id, in which voltage is induced in the return line 61d, is connected to the It is connected to the base 46d of the resistor 44d. The other of the 1 feedback winding 61 d The terminal is connected to the base 49d of the transistor 45d via the resistor 240d mentioned above. connected to. The polarity of the feedback winding 61d strengthens some operation of the transistor. That is, transistor 44d is initially set to If it conducts more heavily than 5d, the feedback signal further turns on transistor 44d. As a result, transistor 45d'ri is turned off. Capacitor 60 d is the primary winding It resonates with the wires 52 d and 53 d, and all the windings provided on the magnetic core 55 d to periodically reverse the polarity of the voltage. First, one transistor conducts, then , the other transistor becomes conductive. Winding 75d keeps the current flowing through it constant. keep. Therefore, the sum of the collector currents of the two transistors must be constant. During the transition time, switching from one transistor to the other occurs. is carried out, both transistors are turned on redundantly, and winding 1 wire 52 d and When 53 d is short-circuited, winding 76 d is connected to prevent excessive odd current from flowing. act.

Connected to bases 46d and 49d via slow diodes 73d and 74d high voltage feedback winding 79d and connected to resistor 75d at the center point. A voltage is also induced in 79ad and j9-1, and this voltage is applied to diode 73d and j9-1. 74 When enough vibration occurs to turn on d, the base current of the transistor increases. Most of the power will come from this new power source. Set the base current to 120 volts input voltage. It is better to supply it from several wires of the two windings provided on the S core 55 d than from the source. , much more efficient. Resistor 71 d has a base current of only about 1.2 mA. 80mA from these two windings 79d and 79ad. Current can be obtained. This configuration saves about 9 watts. diode 73d 71i and 74d perform the important function of the pond.These diodes Rather than letting the starting current from the resistor 71d flow out through the resistor 75d, Of course, it flows into the base of the transistor 1, diode 7 3d and 74d, during the switching time two relatively high voltage feedback windings 7 Connect 9d and 79ad to the two bases to provide a large feedback signal and switch - enables fast and reliable switching of transistors - turns on 10,000 transistors very quickly while the other transistor is turned on rapidly. Diode 73 d and 74dlI''i, low charge storage time longer than transistors 44d and 45d Therefore, -10,000 diodes are normally conductive! while the other The diode remains short until the transistor it is connected to is completely turned off. It leads to Gyakumanku over time. However, if the base is too negative Before: This diode stops conducting, and the base f”:L!U Ha, low weight The pressure feedback winding 61d lowers the voltage to an allowable level (for example, about -4.5 volts). The two feedback windings 79 d support 79 ad and the resistor 75 d T king at the common junction of is approximately 4,5 volts negative with respect to input terminal 42 d The DC component of , and the current consisting of a series of two and a half sine waves, one counter current, are flowing. (common junction)) Apart from the polarity and amplitude, the AC component in the middle, L, evening, and knob 57d (koo・: fl 1, the same waveform as the AC component, center tap 57d) The AC component appears at both ends of the winding 76d. Very few turns on the same magnetic core 66d By adding the secondary winding 78d and connecting as shown, the resistor 75 d and the current transformer component of the voltage between the winding 78d, the resistor 75d and the two return windings 79 It can be made almost equal to the alternating current component at the junction with d and 79ad.

Therefore, the potential across the resistor 75d can be said to be exactly 4.5 V DC voltage, Trans/meta 1I11. through resistor 75d'fz. d and one base of L5d. A constant current of approximately 80 mA flows through the base or the other base G'. collector%5 The phase of However, it is a small amount of power to constantly treat the concave sphere, and it is effective.

In the 61st n1, Shi-Tag 57 or 1st: Uha in 10, (--Tap 57d) The voltage increases so that the input terminal 11 or 41 (Ryuo 1) goes north by 1 minute. When I turn 1-r, the Noener diodes 85 and 85d turn on, and the voltage rises. , μ upper, Gunar no ■bosa, Tora 7/state harvest. I\Tsukano Cycle I ( When turned on twice, during 1.・Tap 57.6>-+, i□57 (1'j' There is an abnormally high pressure on the offspring (male, -female). Diode 84 is , the voltage at Nakanotetatsuzu 57 is lower than the voltage at input terminal 41 as occurs in normal operation. When the voltage drops, the Zener diode 85 is prevented from conducting.

The diode 86 and the diode 86d are connected to the winding 76 and the diode 86d only when off. 76d, each serves to form a current drain path.

Capacitor 81d helps reduce radio noise returned to the DC supply line . Inductors 76 and 76d are very effective in this respect, but this It's not an i-function.

Second volume! 237d is wound around the magnetic core 55d of the transformer 54d, and its end In place of or in addition to the output terminals 43 and 43a in FIG. 43d and 43ad are provided.

In this modified circuit of FIG. The fluorescent lamp 67 of FIG. Just connect it to either pair of terminals using almost the same method as above.

Each fluorescent lamp or pair of fluorescent lamps operates independently of the other fluorescent lamps and each has a dedicated It has a stable inductor or a stable capacitor. Using an inductor and a capacitor together As far as the inverter is concerned, the null effect is canceled out by using Therefore, negative The power factor of the load is high and the frequency of the inverter is low if some fluorescent lamps are removed. (d, load and (・7 are unrelated.

Inductor 76 or transformer 54 utilizes an air gap with a stable inductor. US (According to the standards for commercially available switches and circuit breakers of this rating, approximately 120 A DC input voltage of v is selected, so that an incandescent lamp can be operated from the same circuit. can be done. If other rated switches and circuit breakers are available, use other It doesn't work even if you use high voltage.

In the modified circuit of Fig. 13, as in the case of Fig. 6, the fluorescent lamp filament Power can be supplied to the transformer 54 by a single winding wound around the magnetic core of the transformer 54 d. It is possible to read all the fluorescent lamps in common and have one winding at one end. However, there are individual windings at the ballast end. Or with an inverter The same installation is housed in a fixture to reduce the number of wires for powerful fluorescent lights or To slow down the filament power after the fluorescent lamp is turned on, one or more An independent filament (above) can be used.

Diodes are added to lines 65 and 65d, and diodes are added to lines 70 and 70d. By adding The circuit in FIG. 6 and the modified circuit in FIG. 13 may be modified by stomach.

In FIG. 6, it is connected across inductor 76 (via diode 84). The positive and negative of the Zener diodes 85 and 85d shown in FIG. is directly connected to the base 46 d of the transistor 44 d, and the feedback winding 61 d and the base of transistor 45 d through a low resistance resistor ’240 d. 49 d. Alternatively, connect the positive and negative sides of the Zener diode to the lines 69 and 6. It may be directly connected to 9d. Line 62 is Zener diode 85b and 84 Since the liquid is in the line 72 via d"i, the input DC voltage < 120 V) conducts a maximum voltage of 240V required at center tap 57 at approximately 120V. This is added to the conduction voltage of the Zener diode 85, which should be designed as follows. 13th , the modified circuit in the figure and the diode 84 are omitted, and the Zener diode 85 d is In the above-mentioned modification where the cover is directly connected to the base 46 d or the line 69 d The Zener diode 85d must be conductive at approximately 240 volts. . When the diode 84 is used, the Zener diode 85 becomes a Zener diode. The cathode voltage of node 85 is lower than 120 volts as occurs periodically in normal operation. When it descends, it loses continuity. The positive wire of Zener diode 85 is connected to line 69. When connected directly, this anode may be connected directly to the negative input terminal 42. However, if this knotty connection method is adopted, the tether will be reduced compared to the case of the modified Cf11 mentioned above. Unless the voltage and current of the inner diode 85 are combined at a higher level, then One anode of the 9° Zener diode 85 d is directly connected to the base 46 d. By adding two diodes 299 and 300 to the modified circuit shown in FIG. It may be further deformed. The cathode of the diode 299 is connected to the cathode of the transistor 44d. It is connected to the collector 47 d, and the anode is the anode of the diode 73 d and the feedback winding 79 It is connected to the junction with d. The cathode of the other diode 300 is i. The anode is connected to the collector 50d of the diode 45d, and the anode is the anode of the diode 74d. and the feedback winding 79ad. In this way, there are two diodes in the circuit. By providing a All the base current that is not (i.e., a catching diode), so that either one of the transistors Collect from the base of the transistor when the transistor is in saturation and approaching egg. The resistance rating of the resistor 75d can be set so that the current flows through the resistor 75d. The result As a result, the transistor does not fully saturate and turns off faster than if it were heavily saturated. can be done.

Therefore, the two diodes 299 and 300 are transformers with significantly different current gains. It also functions to adjust the inverter to operate the register. These two additions As mentioned above, the anode of the Zener diode 85 is connected to the base 46. Although it was used only in circuits directly connected to If points can be obtained, it is no problem to use it in circuits with other configurations.

The anode of the Zener diode 85d is connected to either one of the transistors 44d or When connected to the base of 45 d, these will be connected when diode 85 d is turned on. At least one of the diodes of transistors 44d and 4 is heavily turned on. The current flowing through the collector of 5 d is the same as the current flowing through the Zener diode 85 d. The collector voltage can be similarly effectively limited, and the transistors 44d and 44d and 44d, the Zener diode 85d must be conductive in this state. It has the advantage of being able to conduct a much larger current than a small current. subordinate Therefore, using the Zener diode 85d, the transistors 44d and 45d By turning on a relatively low current, low cost Zener diode can be used. Wear.

The drive current of the transistors 44 and 45 described above is significantly higher than that of the conventionally known circuit (C). It has been greatly improved. In order to meet the conflicting requirements in an optimal manner, the main Two independent feedback windings of the transformer transformer 54 are used. switching time Minimize the overlap time during which both transistors are partially on. to turn off one transistor and the feedback voltage to turn off the other transistor. It is desirable to increase the However, the feedback voltage must be high enough for this purpose. Then, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, when only one feedback winding is used, The reverse base voltage of the transistor turned off during the switching point becomes too high Ru. The low current obtained from the 3+ input terminal 41 d flows through the resistor 71 d and is connected to the resistor 71 d. A very small amount of bias current is supplied to the bases of transistors 44d and 45d.

This is enough current to start the transistor oscillating conventionally. vinegar In other words, the outputs of the collectors of the two transistors are connected to the magnetic terminal of the transformer 54d. The bases 46'd and 4 of the transistors are Transformer 54 by windings 52 d and 53 d magnetically coupled to 9 d connected to d. The feedback polarity is set to strongly push and maintain the vibration condition. , each transistor is connected from the positive input terminal 41 through an inductor 76d and a line 62d. , then either one of the windings 52 d of the transformer 54 d! Current through d53d The current is fed back to the negative input terminal 42d.

When the amplitude of the vibration becomes large enough, as mentioned above, in the modified circuit shown in Fig. 13, Due to the voltage conducted to the high voltage feedback windings 79d and 79d, the diode 73 d and 74d are turned on and off alternately. Either one of these feedback windings The base current becomes quite high due to the current obtained from the main current (current here). The base is efficiently driven by the source. The voltage of these feedback windings is feedback winding 6. Although it is higher than the voltage of 1 d, it is higher than the input voltage of input terminals 41 d and 42 d. The spoon is still low. In other words, compared to the dropping resistor 71d, which has a high resistance value, these The base current can be obtained more efficiently from the return winding diode 73. d and 74 d have a longer charge accumulation time than the transistor bases 46 and 49. It is an inexpensive low voltage low speed diode. That is, either - 7 million diodes When the anode of 3 or 74 becomes negative with respect to the cathode, the diode is immediately turned off. conducts in the opposite direction, causing the base of the transistor connected to the diode to extracts all charges stored in the battery. The other diode is already faster It's turned on. Therefore, during this critical switching time, the high voltage feedback winding - Connected across diodes 73 d and 74 d with very low dancerance, low voltage The windings are effectively isolated by resistor 240d. of a transistor that is turning off Before the voltage at the base drops below a safe value, all of the accumulated charge in the associated diode is removed. (while driving current through the aforementioned series resistor), the diode is turned off. To do so. Therefore, the negative peak base voltage can be applied to the low voltage feedback winding 61 as desired. Determined only by d. Collectors 47 and 50 of transistors 44 and 45 The current flowing through each of them has the same value as the current flowing through the Zener diode 85. The collector voltage can be effectively limited, and the transistor is Iode 85 carries much more current than is required to conduct in this circuit. It has the advantage of being able to conduct current. In other words, the transistor By using a Zener diode 85 to turn on, a relatively low current Low-cost Zener diodes can be used.

Figure 14 shows a stable condenser with means for heating all fluorescent lamp filaments. The main parts of the inverter are two pairs, which use both a sensor and a stable inductor to obtain a high power factor. The circuit for connecting series-connected fluorescent lamps is shown. Terminal 241 supplies the inverter. terminal 242 connects the inverter to the negative terminal of the feed line (not shown). Connect to the terminal. The current flowing into the inverter from terminal 241 is as follows in the circuit of FIG. A magnetic core, for example a ferrite core 248, is connected through a winding 243 similar to winding 76. The center tap 24 of the two windings 245 and 246 of the primary winding of the transformer 247 with 4, the transformer 247 is connected to the main secondary winding 2, which provides the output circuit of the inverter. It has 49. Several short secondary windings are also provided, as described below.

The free terminal of winding 246 connects to line 251. Same as capacitor 60 in Figure 6 A capacitor 252 such as It is connected to the line 251 at the terminal. Line 250 (with diode 253) It is also connected to the transistor 255. Similarly, the line 251 is a diode 254 to transistor 256. Transistor 255 has a base a collector 258 to which the diode 253 is connected, and an emitter 259 and has. The transistor 256 has a base 260 connected to a diode 254. It has a collector 261 and an emitter 262. The base has a transformer 24 Power is supplied from the low voltage secondary winding 263 of the magnetic core 248 of No. 7. That is, the secondary winding is , a feedback winding with a very small number of turns, for example 2 turns. Emitter 259 and 262 is commonly connected to the negative terminal 242.

Fluorescent lamps 246 and 265, along with fluorescent lamps 266 and 267, are connected to the aforementioned inverter. connected in series to the output circuit of A short secondary installed in the magnetic core 248 of the transformer 247 Winding 268 applies a heating current to filament 269 at the first end of fluorescent lamp 264. supply. The ballasts for fluorescent lights 264 and 265 are as shown. , - ten thousand terminals are connected to one terminal of the secondary winding 249, and the other terminal is connected to the secondary winding 249. 268 to the filament 269. will be accomplished. Another secondary winding 271 (the second winding of the fluorescent lamp 264) provided on the magnetic core 248 2 and the filament 272 at the first end of the fluorescent lamp 265. A filament heating current is supplied to the filament 273. Nine parallels provided in the magnetic core 248 Another short secondary winding 274 (or the filament at the second end of the fluorescent lamp 266) 275 and a filament 276 at the first end of the fluorescent lamp 267. Full heating current is supplied. An additional secondary winding 277 provided on the magnetic core 248 is A filament heating current is provided to the filament 278 at the first end of the light lamp 266. supply. Fluorescent lamps 266 and 267 Q dimension, filler the secondary winding 277 with the -10,000 terminal The line connected to the terminal 278: ζ It has a capacitor ballast 279 connected to the same terminal as conductor 270.

One end is connected to the other terminal of the secondary winding 249, and the other end is connected to the second terminal of the fluorescent lamp 267. a filament 281 at the end and a filament at the second end of the fluorescent lamp 265; A short secondary winding 280 connected to This circuit connects the wires in parallel across the line coming out of this secondary winding 280. The operation of the circuit is clear from the description of other inverter output circuits above, so I won't explain it. Combining an inductor ballast and a capacitor ballast in a circuit This increases the power factor of the inductor.

The circuit shown in Figure 14 connects two pairs of two series-connected fluorescent lamps in parallel. It can be modified to power four fluorescent lamps instead of one. deformation circuit In this case, the inverter components and their mutual connections are as shown in the circuit of FIG. The components are the same as those of an inverter; This is done for connections only.

All of these fluorescent lamps are connected to terminals 43 and 43a, with the three fluorescent lamps shown in Figure 6 connected to terminals 43 and 43a. It is connected in parallel to the secondary winding 249 in substantially the same way as the secondary winding 249. In other words, the sixth At the terminals of a transformer such as 54 in the figure (; 4 filaments at the ends of a fluorescent lamp powered by short windings such as 92 and 92 at the other end of the fluorescent lamp, and at the other end, there is a separate short 249 in FIG. It has a secondary winding. In other words, one terminal of the secondary winding is The two fireflies are connected through a stable inductor in a filament circuit containing a short secondary winding. Each of the lamps is connected in parallel and includes a short secondary winding such as 277 in Figure 14. Connected to the ends of the other two fluorescent lamps through the stabilizing capacitor in the filament circuit. Continued. In FIG. 6, three fluorescent lamp filaments are connected to winding 92. Similarly, short windings such as 92 in Fig. 6 and 280 in Fig. 14 are , each connected to the filament at the other end of four parallel-connected fluorescent lamps. Ru. The operation of this circuit is clear from the above description of the inverter output circuit. Ma In addition, as mentioned above, in the inverter output circuit for fluorescent lamps, the stability of induction and The combination of a capacitor ballast and a capacitor stabilizer ensures that the power factor of the output circuit is high. It becomes.

According to yet another variation of the circuit of FIG. 14, starting with two pairs of series connected fluorescent lamps, Mobility aids are added. The starting aid is two capacitors, one of which The capacitor connects the filament circuit 268 to the filament circuit 271 and the inductor 270. and the other capacitor connects the filament circuit 274 to the filament circuit 27 7 and a capacitor 279.

Such starting aids include negative images at the first and second ends of the fluorescent lamp. such as reducing the starting voltage required to create an arc between have characteristics.

An inverter such as the inverter shown in Fig. 15'r-1, 14th 2. shows a dimming circuit equipped with a novata output circuit; The elements of the circuit of FIG. 14 are designated by the same reference numerals as the corresponding parts of the circuit in Figure 14, followed by the letter C. It is. The output circuit in Figure 15 includes three fluorescent lights 264c +-265c and 26 6c, the fluorescent lamps 264c and 265c are connected in series, and this combination of fluorescent lamps The fluorescent lamp 265 is inserted between the terminals of the secondary winding 249c of the inverter transformer 247c. It is connected in parallel with c. A series connected fluorescent lamp consists of a short winding 268c and a filler. A capacitor is connected between the line connecting the terminal 278c and the terminal of the secondary winding 249c. It has a measuring device 279c.

The parallel single-row fluorescent lamp 266c has a short winding 277c connected to the filament of the fluorescent lamp 266c. An inductor ballast 284 is connected between the line connected to 278c and the terminal of the secondary winding 249c. has. Short windings 268c, 274c and 280c are the inverter transformer The primary winding 287 receives voltage from the secondary winding 249c of the has a voltage induced in the short winding of.

Kinshin 292. For example, the primary winding of a saturable reactor 291 with a ferrite core line 290 and connected to DC terminals 21Hc and 242c or other DC power supply. An auxiliary circuit 289 is provided which can be constructed from a series combination of transformer resistors 293. Ru. The secondary winding of the reactor 291 has one terminal connected to the short winding 2 by the line 295. 68C to filament) The line connecting to 278c and the short wire connected to the magnetic core 292 Connect the winding 277c to the line that connects the filament 278c of the fluorescent lamp 266c. A short winding 294 is connected to an inductor 298 .

The stabilizing capacitor 297c and the stabilizing inductor 284 provide a small current during low light operation. to each fluorescent lamp. To make it even brighter, use the windings of the saturable reactor. Additional current flows through line 294 to ballast capacitor 297 and ballast inductor 298. Flow. The amount of additional current is controlled by the DC current in the primary winding 290 of the saturable reactor. This direct current is manually controlled by a variable resistor 293 or other equivalent means. or automatically controlled. In this way, the luminous intensity can be changed according to various needs. I can do it.

In all inverter circuits, the line exiting from the positive DC terminal (line 62 in Figure 6) and the corresponding lines in other figures) or the lines leading to the negative DC terminal (lines 69 and 69 in Figure 6). and other factors), the ballast was manufactured by the Underwriters Laboratory in the United States. - The installation shall be carried out in such a way that the fluorescent light fixture shall pass the regulations regarding safety of leakage current of the fixture. A small capacitor may be used to connect to the metal structure (ground) of the fixture. stomach.

The primary and secondary capacitance and mounting of the main inverter transformer 54 should be avoided to the fixture itself. Difficult fluorescent lamps - Installation may cause high frequency current to flow or leak through the capacitance of the fixture. Sometimes. Additional capacitors can be installed to eliminate this leakage current without leaving the fixture. Provides a short local path for the flow to return to the point of origin (-thus winding).

In yet another useful variant of the inverter circuit 11, the Limiting the collector current of a transistor without using a board. Referring to Figure 13 To explain, this modified example A movable inductor 76 d that effectively moves and connects it to the negative line 69 d. including.

More specifically, the line 69d connects the capacitor 81d and the emitter 48d. The inductor 76d connects the connection point between these TL and the Zener diode 8. 5 d. Furthermore, both anodes are connected to the negative input terminal 42d. Two conventional diodes are also added. Of the diodes added , - the cathodes of the diodes are connected to the tap near the midpoint of the primary winding 52d. The cathode of the other diode is located near the midpoint of the primary winding 53d of the transformer 54d. Connected to taps symmetrically on the side. In this modified circuit, any − 10,000 transistors Whenever an excessive voltage appears on the collector of the transistor, the voltage connected to the other transistor is The aforementioned tap of the primary winding connected to the primary winding becomes negative, and only one Turn on the 11 additive diode of the part and - constant DC input voltage across the part of the winding. to the center tap 57d and the vertex to which the conducting additional diode is connected. Connect between. Thereafter, the voltage across every winding of transformer 54d is It won't go higher than that. Therefore, the excess energy accumulated in the inductor 76 d, is dissipated into the DC power supply rather than being dissipated in a Zener diode or transistor. be returned. In this way (by changing the position of the inductor 76d, the same magnetic core It is no longer necessary to provide an additional winding to the winding 78 d located at the winding 76 d. d can be extended and substituted. As a result, windings 76 d and 78 d are The number of terminals required is reduced (by one) and there is no need to insulate these windings from each other. Therefore, the configuration becomes easy.

Uninvented circuits, especially electronic ballast circuits, are highly efficient and can reduce costs. Therefore, it is very advantageous to use it for public facilities. Invention uses electricity for lighting It also has great value in that it can save a lot of electricity consumption7. .

Fluorescent lamps operate more efficiently at frequencies higher than the 50-60H2 of commercial variable current power supplies. Actually, as mentioned above, I have been admitting this for many years. -ic'reni Nevertheless, they operate at high frequencies, e.g. in the range of 20-30 KHz and above. Safe, economical, reliable, dust-free, efficient and highly flexible/stem Safety fences, subcontractors, and reliability of current fluorescent lighting equipment and systems with , efficiency and flexibility, especially as part of a system powered by a three-phase power source. There are no ballasts on the market at all. The system and ballast of the present invention are 20-301 EG (taking advantage of the high efficiency achieved by high frequencies in the z range and inverting power losses) Practical minimization, low cost, high power factor ( For example, avoid using parts such as electrolytic condensers (for example, at least 90 parts). Provides reliability and reduces noise by using a minimum number of components 6. Suppress radio noise and flickering.

The inverter is a symmetrical class 1 horn gel current control with high and low feedback windings switched. It can be said that it is a limited transistorized oscillator. It starts automatically and is efficient. good and stable over a wide range of input voltages (independent of load or absence) ).

The systems and ballasts have been illustrated and described for several embodiments and their variations. However, further modifications may be made within the scope of the claims without departing from the principles of the invention. is clearly possible.

Engraving (no changes to the content) 1.Display of the incident PCT/US83/000252, title of invention Electronic ballast and lighting system using it 3, person making correction Relationship to the incident: Applicant Address: 2-2-1-6 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, subject to amendment (1) State the address and name of the representative of the patent applicant and the inventor (5) Certificate of corporate nationality Letter and translation, (6) Power of attorney and translation 7, Contents of amendment As per the attached document (no changes to the contents of (3) and (4)) International search report

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 An inverting means that inverts the direct current from the power source into high-frequency alternating current and supplies it to the output terminal. In the electronic ballast for a discharge lamp, the electronic ballast comprises an input terminal. The inverting means is a symmetrical B-class Bunon Yupuru current-limiting double feedback oscillator, and the high frequency The alternating current is used to provide the necessary starting voltage for the discharge lamp connected to the output terminal. If the discharge lamp is connected to a stabilizing means for such a discharge lamp, An electronic ballast characterized in that it is connected to 2 The inverting means connects two transistors and the collectors of the transistors. a transformer having a primary winding connected to the transformer and two secondary feedback windings; The secondary feedback winding is a relatively high voltage, centrally tapped and connected to the bases of different transistors through relatively slow diodes, The second secondary feedback winding is at a relatively low voltage and is connected to the According to claim 1, the transistor is connected to the base of the transistor. Electronic ballast for discharge lamps. 3. It has two catching diodes, one of which is connected to one terminal. connected to one side of the high voltage secondary feedback winding and its junction with the slow diode. At the same time, at the other terminal (・-i the collector of the adjacent transistor and the transformer The other catching diode is connected to the junction with the connected to the connection point between the other high voltage secondary feedback winding and its low speed diode. Now, at the other terminal (with respect to the collector of the other transistor) Claim 2 further characterized in that the invention is connected to a connection point with a transformer. Electronic ballast for the discharge lamp described. 4 The reversing means has a magnetic field that maintains the direct current flowing through the circuit of the reversing means almost constant. an inductor having a core, and an inductor located on the magnetic core that maintains a base current approximately constant. 2. The inductor according to claim 1, further comprising a second inductor. Electronic ballast for discharge lamps. 5. The discharge lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a DC power source. electronic ballast. 6. Claim 5, characterized in that the DC power source is a battery. Electronic ballast for the discharge lamp described. 7. According to claim 5, the DC power source is a solar cell. Electronic ballast for discharge lamps. 8. According to claim 5, the DC power source is a rectifier. electronic ballast for discharge lamps. 9 Claim No. 9 characterized in that the rectifier includes a single-phase diode bridge. The electronic ballast for a discharge lamp according to item 8. 10 Rectifiers are used for (1) three-phase power supply with any voltage, phase, and frequency of commercial power supply; Triangular connection supplied with current - transformer with the next winding, (11) inductively connected to it The discharge lamp according to claim 8, characterized in that the discharge lamp includes a six-phase secondary winding. Electronic ballast for lamps. 1] The discharge lamp is a fluorescent tube, and the fluorescent tube is (includes a plurality of electrical connection means that can be connected to the above-mentioned Claim 1 (electronic ballast for discharge lamps) . 12 The stabilizing means connects the output terminal with an electrical connection 1, and the electrical connection means The patent application is characterized in that the fluorescent tube can be stabilized in this case. The electronic ballast for a discharge lamp according to item 11. 13 The stabilizing means (-t, inductor or capacitor, or inductor and capacitor) A discharge lamp according to claim 12, characterized in that it includes both a Electronic ballast. 14 A primary winding connected to the output terminal, and a primary winding connected to the load and connected to the negative secondary winding. It is further characterized in that the transformer comprises a transformer having a serpentine winding that is inductively coupled only to the transformer. A ballast for a discharge lamp according to claim 11. 15. combined with a high frequency AC lighting system, said lighting system comprising: (1) commercial (11) A current input terminal connected to an AC power supply having voltage and frequency; has a DC output terminal constituting the DC power supply connected to the receiving input terminal. rectifier means; an electrical connection means for receiving high frequency alternating current from the output terminal of the inverter means; a stage; holding at least one discharge lamp and connecting each lamp to said electrical connection; and lamp receiving means connected to the lamp receiving means. Electronic ballasts for discharge lamps as described in . 16 The rectifying means is provided upstream of the ACC input terminal and transformer means for converting the alternating current obtained from the source to a voltage suitable for the commercial frequency alternating current distribution equipment; The distribution equipment includes (a) a single-phase output terminal, (1) a three-phase output terminal, and (C Claim No. 1 includes at least one of the 16-phase output terminals. The electronic ballast for a discharge lamp according to item 15. 17 The rectifying means is connected to commercial frequency AC power distribution equipment and includes an output terminal. A ballast for a discharge rung according to claim 15, characterized in that: . 18 The said transformation means (is a three-phase secondary winding and a secondary winding consisting of six windings) (a) one end of each of the six windings is electrically connected to the neutral output terminal f'' L is connected to the common center, (b), fi end (is (1) positive current to the positive output terminal (11) diode means for conducting negative current to the negative output terminal; as set forth in claim 16, characterized in that the Electronic ballast for discharge lamps. 19. Combined with a high frequency AC lighting system, said lighting system a rectifier means for placing the lamp in the shaft; and a means for receiving a lamp in the shuttle connected to the stabilizing means. and each lamp receiving means holds at least one fluorescent lamp and imparts a sieve frequency to it. The attachment for supplying the alternating current consists of a fixture, located on said reversing means (ri, centrally located in said Claim 1, characterized in that direct current is supplied from the rectifying means. Electronic ballast for discharge lamps. 20 said reversing means is associated with and retains each of a plurality of removable fluorescent tubes; A discharge rung according to claim 19 used for a plurality of adjacent fixtures. Electronic ballast. 21 The lighting system has a polyphase secondary winding connected to a commercial polyphase AC power supply, and a six-phase A star secondary winding connects positive current to the positive output terminal and negative current to the negative output terminal. connected to a diode rectifying means for supplying the direct current to the inverting means. Claim 19 further comprising a pressure-transforming fat component. Electronic ballast for electric lamp, 22 combined with high frequency illumination means, said illumination means: holding at least one fluorescent tube having electrodes connected to the filament at each end; the transformer has a high frequency magnetic core and is wound around the magnetic core; a high frequency secondary heating winding and connecting the secondary heating winding to the filament of the fluorescent tube; The discharge according to claim 2, further comprising means for Electronic ballast for lamps. 23 comprises another transformer containing a primary winding energized by the voltage across the fluorescent tube; The secondary heating winding is inductively coupled to the secondary heating winding so that the After the arc occurs, as the voltage across the terminals decreases, the filament current becomes The discharge run according to claim 22, characterized in that the discharge run automatically becomes smaller. Electronic ballast for pumps. 24. Further comprising means for changing the current flowing through the fluorescent tube. An electronic ballast for a discharge lamp according to claim 19. 25. In combination with a high frequency AC lighting system, said system receives: (B) a rectifying means for converting commercial alternating current into direct current and supplying it to the reversing means; and (B) the transforming means. (C) an electrical connection means connected to the device to receive the high frequency alternating current; and (C) an electrode connected to the electrical lamp holding means for holding at least one discharge lamp in contact with the connecting means; An electronic device for a discharge lamp according to claim 2, comprising: stabilizer. 26@ The lighting system includes a plurality of said reversing means and a plurality of said electrical connection means. and said stabilizing means is configured to control the current flow to each discharge lamp when connected to said electrical connection means. For a discharge lamp according to claim 25, characterized in that the current is limited. Electronic ballast. (No changes to engraving contents)