JPS6050201A - Piston machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention comprises at least one piston (9) movable within the cylinder, with a connector projecting into the outer hollow cylinder being fixed to said piston and extending longitudinally of the piston. The outer circumferential surface of the piston is provided with an arcuate recess whose axis extends in the direction of the central axis of the cylinder, and the recess with which the recess enters the outer hollow cylinder in the direction of the piston from a wide opening through two sliding edges to a small tapering towards the bend, the sliding edge joins a small bend, the recess continues in the area of its wide opening to the upper edge of the outer hollow cylinder on the piston side, and the outer hollow cylinder The present invention relates to a piston machine in which, when rotating about a longitudinal central axis, a coupling which is guided along a sliding edge is guided along said upper edge after leaving the recess.

Piston machines of this type are used in practice as heavy-duty drive mechanisms. This piston machine generates very large rotational torques at relatively low rotational speeds of approximately 100 revolutions per minute. Furthermore, this piston machine is easily reversible. On the driven side, transmission gears, shafts and other driven (10) media can be connected directly to the hollow cylinder.

The prerequisite for the functioning of this piston machine is that the piston is guided in a cylinder. A rotational moment is transmitted from the hollow cylinder rotating about its longitudinal axis to the piston, causing it to rotate. When the piston is not guided along the guide groove, the rotational moment causes the piston to rotate about its longitudinal axis. This guide groove extends parallel to the direction of piston movement and is biased by suitable projections. This protrusion is firmly attached to the piston or piston machine and generates frictional heat within the groove. This frictional heat consumes the supplied energy when using the piston machine.

Additionally, grooves and projections experience significant wear when they do not have special provision to receive the forces acting on them. For this reason, the number of protrusions and grooves must be reduced and co-surface hardening must be performed.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a piston machine of the type mentioned at the outset (11), in which the forces necessary for guiding the piston can be used economically.

According to the invention, at least one inner hollow cylinder is provided concentrically with the outer hollow cylinder, the inner hollow cylinder is inserted into the outer hollow cylinder, and the inner hollow cylinder is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the outer hollow cylinder. The solution is that the piston is connected to all hollow cylinders, with at least one recess formed in the same way as the recess, and that each two of these hollow cylinders are connected to one another in an opposite manner.

In this piston machine, a rotational moment acts on the piston from one hollow cylinder, and a rotational moment generated by the other hollow cylinder counteracts said rotational moment. Since these rotational moments are of the same magnitude, the rotational moments acting on the piston cancel each other out. In theory, no rotational force acts on the piston, so only a low-cost vertical guide is required.

Even if a residual rotational moment occurs due to the implementation, this can be absorbed by the guide (12). Due to the fact that the two rotational moments cancel each other out, it is possible to utilize the driving force previously received in the guide groove.

Thereby, the large rotational moment of the piston machine can be further increased. Furthermore, the frictional heat generated in the casing is reduced by the amount generated by the friction of the protrusions in the guide groove. Furthermore, since the force acting on the guide groove is reduced, there is no need for the guide groove to be formed by a hardened running surface as in the prior art.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer hollow cylinder surrounds the inner hollow cylinder with a small play. This results in a very small increase in the external dimensions of the piston machine. Furthermore, the mounting of the inner hollow cylinder within the outer hollow cylinder can be carried out simply and with small dimensional differences. The inner hollow cylinder is supported on the outer hollow cylinder by a relatively large bearing corresponding to the dimensions of the outer hollow cylinder. If the forces transmitted from the piston to the hollow cylinder act symmetrically (13), it is furthermore avoided that the bearing of the inner hollow cylinder is loaded asymmetrically. This also converts the forces generated by the piston into driven moments as completely as possible. The interior space surrounded by the second hollow cylinder is large enough to accommodate the piston. The piston has a diameter sufficient to transmit the force generated. This diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the hollow chamber surrounded by the inner hollow cylinder. Due to the small distance between the outer hollow cylinder and the inner hollow cylinder, the piston can be provided with suitable connections for both hollow cylinders. Furthermore, since the distance between the outer hollow cylinder and the inner hollow cylinder is small, the rotational moment generated in the connector is so large that the connector is formed with external dimensions to the extent that the force acting on the connector can no longer be supported by the connector. There is less risk of being exposed.

Other details of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings (14) illustrating preferred embodiments of the invention.

The piston machine shown in FIG. 1 is designed as an opposed piston engine with two pistons 1, 2 moving in opposite directions. The pistons 1, 2 are surrounded by cylinders 3, 4. These cylinders 3, 4 are connected to bolt joints 7,
8, 9 and 10 to the engine casing 5, 6.

Cylindrical recesses 11, 12 are provided in the engine casings 5, 6, which extend in the direction of the central axis 15 of the piston 1.2. The cylinder 3.4 is oriented in the same direction as this central axis 13. A hollow cylinder 14,15 is rotatably supported in the recesses 11, 12 about a central axis 130. This bearing is provided by ball bearings 16,17. This ball bearing is fixed in the recess 11, 12 at the end 18, 19 opposite the piston 1, 2. A driven shaft 20.21 extends through this ball bearing 16.17 in the direction of the central axis 13 and is fixedly connected to the hollow cylinder 14.15. The driven shaft 20.21 is a hollow cylinder 14.
The end opposite 15 protrudes into a transmission 27. Two gear wheels 22.28 form part of this transmission 27 and each driven shaft 20.21 has been identified.

The hollow cylinder 14.15 is designed as an outer hollow cylinder, the hollow chamber 23.24 of which is provided with an inner hollow cylinder 25.26. Outer hollow cylinder 14
．． 15 and the inner hollow cylinder 25.26, there is a small play 29, which on the one hand makes contact between the inner hollow cylinder 25.26 and the outer hollow cylinder 14.15 impossible, and on the other hand the outer Hollow cylinder 14. hollow chamber 23.24 in i5, inner hollow cylinder 25.26
Optimally utilized for supporting. The inner hollow cylinders 25,26 are supported by ball bearings 30,31 fixed in the hollow chambers 23,24. The driven shafts 32, 33 pass through ball bearings 30.51 and extend in the direction of the central axis 13 through the driven shaft 20.21, which is designed as a hollow shaft. The driven shaft 52.33 projects from the driven shaft 20.21 by a length 56.57 at the ends 34, 55 of the driven shaft 20.21 on the transmission 27 side (
16) Ru. This length 56, 37 makes it possible to fix the gear wheels 58, 59. These gears 38 and 39 are intermediate gears 40 and 41
In mesh, this intermediate gear cooperates with the driven gears 42, 43. This driven gear 42, 43 is connected to the transmission shaft 44.
The transmission shaft is guided out of the transmission 27 and extends to the drive part of the drive. In addition to the driven gears 42 and 43, the transmission shaft 44 has gears 45 and 46.
is fixed. This gear meshes with gears 22 and 28.

Outer hollow cylinder 14.15 and inner hollow cylinder 2
5.26 includes outer circumferential surfaces 47, 48; 49, 50, and recesses 51, 52; 53, 54 are provided on the outer circumferential surfaces.

The shape of the recesses 51, 53 of the outer hollow cylinder 14, 15 is approximately the same as the recesses 52, 54 of the inner hollow cylinder 25, 26. The recesses 51, 52; 53, 54 are formed in an arcuate shape. This arc extends from the wide opening 55 via straight sliding edges 56,57 towards a small bend 58. This small bent portion 58 has outer peripheral surfaces 47, 48;
49, 50, driven shafts 20, 21; 32.5
(17)% of the total height of the hollow cylinder 14 from its end on the 5 side. The width of the opening 55 is determined according to the number of recesses 51 and 52 provided in the outer peripheral surfaces 47, 48; 49, 50. Hollow cylinder 14°15
; When the diameters of 25 and 26 are large, a large number of recesses 51
, 52; 53, 54 can be arranged over the outer peripheral surfaces 47, 48; 49, 50. These recesses 51, 52;
53° 54, slide edges 56, 57
It should be noted that the curve slopes steeply from the small bend 58 towards the wide opening 55. Generally, two quadrants are arranged on the outer circumference of the hollow cylinders 14, 15; 23, 24. Both recesses 51, 51a; 52, 52a or 53.
55a; two narrow deflection edges 59, 59a are provided between 54, 54a, respectively. In the area of this turning edge, the sliding edge 56 of the -1000 recess 51 follows the sliding edge 57 of the adjacent recess 51a.

The connector 60 is guided on the sliding edge 56,57.

This coupling is formed as a rod 161 which is rotatably mounted on a truncated shaft or shaft end 62. This shaft end 62 is fixed in the area of the (18) piston skirt 65, 64 of the pistons 1, 2 and projects radially from this piston skirt.

At that time, the shaft end 62 is connected to one end 65 of the pistons 1 and 2.
, 66 areas. The piston bottom 67, 68 opposite the ends 65, 66 enters the cylinder 3, 4 and exits the end 65° 66 Fi cylinder 3, 4 when it reaches top dead center. Row 261 includes a plurality of different traces 69.70, 71.72. This track holding member is the outer hollow cylinder 14
．． 15 and the sliding edges 56, 57 of the inner hollow cylinder 25, 26 serve to guide the connector 60.

Gears 22, 28; 45, 46; 38, 39; 40, 41
42, 43 are designed such that the outer hollow cylinder 14.15 rotates about its axis at the same speed and in the opposite direction as the inner hollow cylinder 25.26. that time,
At the top dead center of the pistons 1, 2, the turning edges 59, 59a are the turning edges 59, 59a of the inner hollow cylinder 25.26.
・The rotation of both outer hollow cylinders 14 and 15 is inward (19
) is matched to the rotation of the hollow cylinder 25,26 on the side. As a result, at the top dead center of the piston 1.2, the low 261
is in its desired resting position between the outer hollow cylinder 14.15 and the turning edges 59, 59a of the inner hollow cylinders 25, 26.

In this state, the pistons 1 and 2 are in the hollow cylinder 14°15
: Descending toward 25 and 26. At that time, the roller 61
The sliding edges 56.57 of the outer hollow cylinder 14.15 and the inner hollow cylinders 25, 26 are biased.

The sliding edges extend on different planes of rotation, but their projections intersect each other. The connector 60 is thereby guided in a wedge-shaped section 73 formed by the sliding edge 56 of the outer hollow cylinder 14.15 and the other sliding edge 57 of the inner hollow cylinder 25.26. This wedge-shaped portion 73 expands on the way from the top dead center of the pistons 1 and 2 to the bottom dead center. In this case, the coupling 60 transmits the force of the pistons 1, 2 to the sliding edges 56, 57.

This force creates a rotational moment (20) in the outer hollow cylinder 14.15 and the inner hollow cylinder 25.26, so that the outer and inner hollow cylinders rotate in opposite directions. Outer hollow cylinder 14. The rotational moment of i5 is transmitted to the transmission 27 by the driven shaft 20.21, and the rotational moment of the inner hollow cylinder 25.26 is transmitted to the transmission 27 by the driven shaft 20.21. Driven shaft 20.21 by intermediate gear 40.41
The driven torque of the driven shaft 32.55 is transmitted to the transmission shaft 44 in the same rotational direction as the driven torque of the driven shaft 32.55.

When the pistons 1 and 2 are at the bottom dead center, the outer hollow cylinder 14.15 and the inner hollow cylinder 25.26 F
i, the connector 60 is in a position such that it biases the small bend 58; When the piston, 2 returns to its top dead center, the coupling is biased by the sliding edges 56.57 of the outer hollow cylinder 14.15 and the inner hollow cylinder 25.26. The sliding edge 56 of the outer hollow cylinder 14.15, together with the sliding edge 57 of the inner hollow cylinder 25.26, then forms a wedge-shaped section 73, as in the case of the downward movement of the pistons 1, 2. Slide edge 5
The legs of the wedge-shaped portion 73 formed by 6° (21) 57 become shorter the closer the piston 1.2 approaches its top dead center. That soap,
The top of the corner formed by the sliding edges 56, 57 moves towards the turning edges 59, 59a and presses the connector 60 in the process. In the area of top dead center, the connector 60 passes over the deflection edges 59, 59a and reaches the area of the next pair of sliding edges 56, 57. This sliding edge wedge 75 becomes larger the closer the piston approaches its bottom dead center again.

The piston machine described above can be driven by all conceivable drive media. For example, it can be driven by expanding gas. This gas is supplied to cylinders 3, 4 and expands there. The expanding gas then drives the pistons 1, 2 towards bottom dead center. During the downward movement, the coupling 60Fi wedge 73 is spread out, thereby exerting a force on the sliding edges 56, 57. This force is applied to the hollow cylinder 14°15
; Rotate 25 and 26 in opposite directions.

As soon as pistons 1 and 2 reach their bottom dead center, (22
) The action of this force stops. However, due to the inertia of the moving masses, the hollow cylinders 14, 15; 25, 26 continue to rotate. Thereby, the recess 51 also moves relatively. The sliding edges 56 , 57 push against the roller 61 . Thereby, the pistons 1, 2 slide towards their top dead center and push the expanding gas, which passes through the outlet lower 4 into the cylinders 3, 4.
flows out from. The output lower 4 is controlled by, for example, a slider or a slide valve (not shown). This slide valve can be connected directly to the pistons 1, 2. but,
This valve can also be controlled via a driven shaft.

Furthermore, the piston machine may be operated as a combustion engine. In this case, unburned gas is supplied to cylinder 6.4. In the case of spark ignition, this gas is the spark plug 75
．． ignited by 76. The spark plugs 75,76 are controlled by a spark distributor (not shown). This distributor is controlled according to the arrangement of the cylinders 3 and 4. For example, one cylinder 3° (
25) You may operate a piston machine with only 4. In that moment,
The opposed piston structures for the illustrated cylinders 3, 4 are also conceivable. It is also possible to arrange a plurality of opposed piston structures side by side. Furthermore, a plurality of cylinders 3, 4 may be provided in a circular cylinder, with the central axes 13 of all pistons 1, 2 extending in the direction of the center.

Control of the inflow and outflow of gas that energizes the pistons 1 and 2 is as follows:
This is achievable from all points of view known to the field of motor engineering. For example, the supply of fresh air can be terminated before the pistons 1, 2 reach their bottom dead center. In this case, the expansion energy of the gas in the cylinders 3, 4 is utilized.

Depending on the number of four parts 11.12 provided in the hollow cylinders 14, 15; 25, 26, one or more rollers 61
can be rotatably supported on the pistons 1 and 2 as a connector 60. If the number of recesses 11, 12 is preferably an even number, the pistons 1, 2 are provided with the same number of pairs of rows 261. 24) At that time, remove only one recess N, 12 from the hollow cylinder 14.
, 15; 25, 26. In this case, Lola 6
1 is rotatably supported on pistons 1 and 2.

This roller is connected to the hollow cylinder 14, 1 adjacent to the wide opening 55 when the piston 1, 2 reaches its top dead center.
5; Slides on the upper edges of 25 and 26.

Outer hollow cylinder 14.15 and inner hollow cylinder 2
Even though the rotational torques occurring in the pistons 1, 2 are sufficiently compensated by 5.26, residual torques still occur in the pistons 1, 2, especially for reasons of manufacturing precision. In many cases, this residual rotational moment
, 2 is so small that it does not adversely affect the functioning of the piston machine. On the other hand, however, the pistons 1, 2 may be guided along the grooves 77, 78 in order to improve safety. This groove is located inside the piston 1 in the cylinders 3 and 4.
, 2 in the direction of motion. Along these grooves 77, 78 the shaft end 62 or the extension of the row 261 can be guided.

(2

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of important parts of the piston machine, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the piston machine along the ...-■ line in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the hollow cylinder. . 1.2... Piston 3.4... Cylinder 11.12-- Recessed portion 13... Center axis line 14.15... Outer hollow cylinder 20.21, 52.55... Driven shaft 22. 28. !
+8.39.40 41.42,43,45.46...Gear 25.26.
... Inner hollow cylinder 29 ... Play 44 ... Transmission shaft 47.48, 49.50 ... Outer peripheral surface 51.52, 53.54 ... Recess 55 ... Opening 56.57 ... - Slide edge (26) 59, 59a... Turning edge 60... Connector 61... Roller 69.70, 71.72... Track holding member 73...
Wedge-shaped part 74...Exit a7.78...Mio agent Mitsuyoshi Ezaki agent Mitsufumi Ezaki (27)

Claims (1)

Claims: (1) comprising at least one piston movable within the cylinder, a connector projecting into the outer hollow cylinder is fixed to the piston, and the longitudinal axis of the piston is at the center of the cylinder; Extending in the axial direction, the outer peripheral surface of the piston is provided with at least one arcuate recess, and the recess enters the outer hollow cylinder from a wide opening in the direction of the piston through two sliding edges towards a small bend. tapered, the sliding edge joins into a small bend, the recess follows the upper edge of the outer hollow cylinder on the piston side in the area of its wide opening, and the outer hollow cylinder extends around its central longitudinal axis. In a piston machine, at least one inner hollow cylinder (1) is provided, in which the coupling, which is guided along the sliding edge, is guided along said upper edge after leaving the recess when rotating the cylinder. (25, 26) are provided concentrically with the outer hollow cylinder (14, 15), and the inner hollow cylinder is contained within the outer hollow cylinder (14, 15), and the outer peripheral surface (47
, 48; 49, 50), and the outer hollow cylinder (14, 1
At least one recess formed in the same manner as the recess in 5) (
51, 52: 55, 54), and the piston (1, 2)
are connected to all hollow cylinders (14, 15; 25° 26), and each two of these hollow cylinders are connected to each other in such a way that they are opposite each other. 2. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer hollow cylinder (14, 15) surrounds the inner hollow cylinder (25, 26) with a small play (29). (3) The hollow cylinder (14, 15; 25, 26) is provided with one driven shaft (20, 21; 32, 55) at its end opposite to the wide opening (55); The center axis of the drive shaft is aligned with each hollow cylinder (14, 15; 25, 2
(6) The piston machine according to the second aspect (2), characterized in that the piston machine extends in the direction of the central axis (1) of the outer hollow cylinder (14). , 15) of the driven shaft (
20° 21) is formed as a hollow shaft, and the driven shaft (32, 33) of the inner hollow cylinder (25, 26) extends inside said hollow shaft. The piston machine according to any one of clauses 1 to 3. (5) Both moving shafts (20, 21: 52, 33) are suitable gears (22° 28: 5B, 39: 40, 41; 42, 45
5. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is connected to a transmission (27) via a transmission (27); 45, 46). (6) Any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner hollow cylinder (25, 26) is rotatably supported on the outer hollow cylinder (14, 15). The piston machine described in. (7) The coupling (60) is formed as at least one roller (61) rotatably mounted on the pistons (1, 2), which roller ;25,26) recesses (51,52;5
7. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it engages the sliding edges (56, 57) of the pistons (3, 54). (8) At least two recesses (51, 52; 5+, 54) diametrically opposed on the outer peripheral surface (47° 48; 49, 50) of the hollow cylinder (14, 15; 25, 26)
8. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a is provided in each of the two hollow cylinders (14, 15; 25, 26). (9) Even multiples of recesses (51, 52; 53, 5) are provided in each of the hollow cylinders (14, 15; 25, 26), and two recesses (51, 52; 5+, 5) are provided in each of the hollow cylinders (14, 15; 25, 26). 9. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that they are diametrically opposed to each other on the outer circumferential surface (47° 48; 49, 50). (10) The two adjacent sliding edges (56, 57) of the juxtaposed recesses (51, 52: 53, 54) are close to the narrow turning edge (4) (59, 59a). Piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: (11) At the top dead center of the pistons (1, 2), the outer hollow cylinder (M, 15) The turning edges (59, 59a) are the turning edges (59, 59a) of the inner hollow cylinders (25, 26).
11. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston machine is moved by a distance relative to ). (12) Piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the distance is approximately the same as the diameter of the roller (61). (1) The sliding edges (56, 57) of the outer hollow cylinders (14, 15) form a wedge-shaped part (76) together with the sliding edges of the inner hollow cylinders (25, 26), and the apex of this wedge-shaped part is the central axis (1) of the cylinders (3, 4)
Patent (5), characterized in that it forms a guide for a roller (61) moving towards (6) the piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 12. . (14) Hollow cylinders (14°1
Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the roller (61) is provided with the same number of track holding members (69°70.71.72) as the number of track holding members (69°70.71.72). The piston machine according to any one of the above. (15) Both wave drive shafts (20, 21; 32, 33) are gears (22, 28; 40.41; 42, 43; 45, 46)
'fr: connected to a common transmission shaft (44) via
The piston machine according to any one of items 4 to 4. (16) A pair of hollow cylinders (14, i5; 25, 2
Each of the driven shafts (20, 21) in 6) is provided with an intermediate gear (40, 41) for switching its rotational direction to be the same as the rotational direction of the other driven shaft (32, 35). A piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that: (6) (17) The pistons (1, 2) are connected to the hollow cylinders (14,
15; 25, 26), characterized in that it is provided with a guide suitable for receiving the residual rotational moment exerted by the piston according to any one of claims 1 to 16. machine. (18) The guide is formed in the form of at least one groove (77, 78), which groove forms the hollow cylinder (14, 15; 25).
26) through the cylinder (3, 4) in the direction of linear longitudinal movement of the piston (1, 2) and is biased by a projection provided on the piston (i, 2). Piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that: (19) According to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the roller (61) rotatably supported on the piston (1, 2) is provided as a protrusion. The piston machine described. (20) The same number of rows 2 (61) as the number of recesses (1t, 12)
) are rotatably supported on the piston (7) in the diametrical direction of the piston (1, 2), of which one pair of rollers (77, 7)
Piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the piston machine is guided along 8). (21) Inlet and outlet 'C' for inflow and outflow of working medium
21. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a piston (74) is provided in the cylinder (3, 4). (22) The inlet and the outlet (74) are controlled by a closing mechanism, which closing mechanism is coupled to the transmission shaft. piston machine. (23) A piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a slider is provided as a closing mechanism. (24) A piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a valve is provided as a closing mechanism. (8) (2) Any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the piston machine is an expansion engine.
The piston machine described in. (26) Any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the piston machine is a combustion engine.
The piston machine described in. (27) A piston machine according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that two of the piston machines are provided in the form of opposed engines. (28) Claims 1 to 26 characterized in that at least two opposing engines are provided in a row.
The piston machine according to any one of the preceding paragraphs. (29) Claim 1, characterized in that a number of piston machines are arranged along a circle, the driven axes (20, 21; 32, 33) pointing towards a common center point. 27. The piston machine according to item 26.