JPS60500575A - moldable polymer composition - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] moldable polymer composition The present invention relates to moldable polymer compositions, particularly those that are conductive and which retain their properties even after molding. Relating to compositions that are retained.

There are many situations in which moldable conductive polymeric materials are used.

This is especially true in the medical field, where materials that contain contact adhesive properties on human skin. Conductive I-rimer materials will find many uses. For example, the ingredients for this food Both electrocardiogram monitors, transducers, and heart stimulators are usually referred to as @electrodes. It is used in the production of what is known as

According to the invention, particles which are metallic or coated with a metal on their widest side from a moldable polymeric material with a conductive material dispersed inside it in the form of microparticles consisting of A moldable polymer composition comprising: a conductive material that reduces the overall specific conductivity of the composition; At least about 2 whotx” means what amount is present? It will be done.

Quite surprisingly, we find that the L composition gBt - the total specific electric potential of the composition that makes it truly conductive. Containing metal or metal-coated matrix particles in such an amount that it also reduces the conductivity. A wide range of moldable polymeric materials are available using conductive materials that are moldable and capable of I discovered that it can be prescribed. This means that the moldable polymeric base material has its processing characteristics. The composition may be molded in various ways, for example by retaining important and meaningful parts of its properties. Compositions that can be molded by extrusion or other techniques and are at the same time genuinely conductive can be prescribed.

In the composition of the invention, the electrically conductive material in particulate form can be used, for example, in lead, copper, iron, steel, etc. , platinum, gold or silver. As an alternative, especially low current For applications, the electrically conductive material may consist of matrix particles coated with metal foil.

Thus, it is possible to coat the silver particles on the substrate particles as described below, making them suitable for medical use. It can be made into inexpensive particulate form and as such is particularly suitable for low current applications. desirable.

In the compositions of the present invention, the metal or metal-coated particles are within the non-conductive polymer matrix. , mutually impermeable bodies of specific shape and size distribution (non-1nt@rpsnstr permeation theory (perc) applied to the case of disorganization of Do not exceed the critical permeation volume ratio indicated by the Randomly distributed throughout with a large proportion. If this critical penetration ratio is exceeded, the maximum Random guides throughout the polymer material, no matter what shape it is ultimately formed into. It is inevitable that a sufficient number of particles will come into contact with each other to provide an electrically conductive path.

Random conductive paths are the result of surface contacts between randomly distributed conductive material particles Therefore, for low current applications, a non-conductive substrate covered with a metal thin film or foil is used. By using quality particles, cost savings can be realized.

In the case of skin-contact medical devices, close contact with human skin for an extended period of time Corrosion-resistant, non-erosive, and non-hazardous metal conductors that exhibit no harmful side effects even when exposed to It is desirable that it be included. In this respect, metallic steel is the preferred conductive material; In this case, the cost savings obtained by applying a thin film of silver on a suitable substrate are modest.

It is quite clear from the theory of penetration and from the theory of filling space with spheres or other objects, Additional (even small) cost savings can be achieved by using uniform or relatively uniform spherical particles. can. This is especially true when classification is performed to achieve a narrow particle size distribution. This is especially true since it leads to a low critical permeation volume.

In this regard, the present invention's requirements for low current applications are medically approved and available in nine quality filled by providing a matrix consisting of glass globules (microbeads) that can . These spheres are produced by the well-known chemical reduction using silver salts such as silver nitrate and invert sugar. Depending on the process, it can be easily covered with a thin layer of silver, typically a foil about a few centimeters thick. . This is the basis of the "recording mirror" test used in classical chemical analysis. alternative As an alternative, the ball can be made of plastic material with a metal coating, for example a silver coating.

The above-mentioned conductive material is the moldable material of the present invention.

The total specific conductivity in the composition is at least 2 mho cm'. It must be present in quantity. However, it is desirable that conductive materials have a total specific conductivity of from about 10 to about 100 mhoi1.

Achieving the above-mentioned combined specific conductivity levels of conductive particles within the entire plastic matrix. The ratio required to It depends on how you listen. However, expressed in terms of volume, for a given shape and distribution, The ratio depends on the type of conductive material used, that is, which metal was used and It is essentially irrelevant whether metallic particles or metal-coated particles are used. straight In the case of spheres with a narrow diameter distribution, preferably silver-coated glass spheres, it is necessary to Vibration to maximize filling typically exceeds about 35 volumes of the total volume of the composition. approximately 68 volumes for randomly packed spheres, also known as "close packing" up to about 74 volumes for the most effective and regularly packed spheres. can exist in typically above to avoid excessive loss of polymer properties. The limit is approximately 60 volume units, preferably approximately 55 volume units.

Of course, it should be understood that the particulate shape chosen does not have to be spherical.

In this way, silver-coated glass or steel balls can be formed into a contact-adhesive composition as described below. While particularly useful in manufacturing, the inclusion of spherical particles can negatively affect the tensile properties of polymeric materials. It may affect profits. Therefore, it is preferentially selected when good tensile properties are important. The shape of the fine particles to be released is elongated with a high length-to-diameter ratio, such as fibers. Sara The percolation theory is based on randomly oriented cylinders of uniform length and high length-to-diameter ratio. In other words, for rods, the water in rod-shaped or fiber particles necessary to achieve the above specific conductivity is advanced enough to yield accurate predictions from theory.

In the case of elongated particles, the composition is formed by a flow process (e.g. extrusion). It is possible that the conductivity is anisotropic. This kind of anisotropy is a conductive cable This can be advantageous for some applications, such as files. However, when this property is not required ( (usually a small proportion) of spherical particles added to fibers or other rod-shaped particles It can be reduced or eliminated by

The polymeric material of the moldable composition according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of moldable polymeric materials. You can choose from seeds. The polymeric material is thus a thermoplastic material or a hot or cold material. Intercurable materials, of which preferred thermoplastic materials are e.g. vinyl compounds such as polyvinyl chloride; polyalkenes such as polyethylene Ren, polypropylene and polyisobutyne:, I-reacrylate; polymethacrylate and polyamides, such as nylon, or of those with desirable heat- or cold Intercurable materials are, for example, epoxy resins and silicone rubbers. be.

For the specific medical uses described below, the compositions of the invention are preferably contact- or pressure-sensitive. Contains one or more ingredients that provide an adhesive composition. Desirably may also contain the ingredients of the composition, especially if the composition remains in contact with the skin for an extended period of time. For certain applications, one should choose to provide a hypoallergenic composition.

Preferred compositions for use in applications involving contact with human skin include one or more compositions. phase structure - 2 flow - and/or moisture permeability modifiers such as low molecular weight polyalkenes. For example, polyethylene or hydroxyalkyl cellulose. The substrate is polyisobutyne mixed with lucyl cellulose. This kind of composition Among them, the polyimbutene typically has a viscosity average molecular weight of about 40,000 to about It is 100,000.

The present invention also provides an electrically conductive device for medical purposes, comprising a composition according to the invention. Supported by the underlying structure if desired. Includes those containing one or more molded parts.

In one embodiment, the device of the invention replaces the so-called "one electrode" of the prior art with an electrocardiogram. There are several types of equipment suitable for use in drawing devices. So. In the example, The base structure has a backing member, through which a conductive contact is attached, and a conductor line. Even if some of the contacts are connected on the back of the component, the contacts are placed on the front of the backing component. To the part of the conductive adhesive composition according to the present invention forming at least a part of the adhesive layer, a backing part is added. An uninterrupted electrical path can be established through the frame and the front surface of the transformer can be glued to the skin. can.

Preferably the conductive contacts are methane and conductive which are compatible with existing electrocardiogram equipment leads. Provides a means for connecting the line to the transducer. This kind of button is made of metal or A moldable composition according to the invention, which when suitably molded, can provide a rigid tongue. material, such as nylon or polypropylene-based compositions. . Preferably, the contacts should also be mounted at or near the center of the backing member to avoid discomfort. To avoid corners, the backing member is preferably a disk. In this type of disc, the backing member The front surface preferably has a central portion, i.e., a non-conductive contact surrounding the plug of the conductive adhesive composition. It has an adhesive ring. Preferably the ring is made of a hypoallergenic pressure sensitive skin adhesive or the like. For example, the upper and lower surfaces, which have been found to be suitable for slimming procedures, may be Formed from a foam layer with an adhesive coating of a rill composition.

Additionally, in another embodiment of the invention, the device is a multi-contact transformer for an electrocardiogram device. -) 3--Each part of the service where the conductive parts placed on the insulating backing member are aligned. The portion is in electrical contact with the insulated terminal and at least one portion is in accordance with the present invention. The conductive adhesive composition may be made of a conductive adhesive composition.

In this second embodiment, the conductive portion is attached to the patient's chest around the heart. Preferably, they are arranged in precise alignment on the backing member. and at least three It is desirable that there be a conductive part.

As will be described in more detail below, one type of transducer specified in the first Users can be constructed according to a method consisting of: a) a conductive adhesive composition according to the invention sandwiched between two release layers; form a layered sheet of material.

b) subdividing the layered product into transducer elements, preferably disk-shaped elements;

C) O removing one release layer d) adhering each element with its exposed adhesive surface to a backing member, preferably of the same shape; , including electrically conductive contacts that provide an uninterrupted electrical path through the backing member to the electrically conductive composition.

Alternatively, the transducers of both embodiments can be made according to a method consisting of: Possible: 1) Open layer and supporting layer of the one currently used in ostomy A layered structure consisting of a layer of a non-conductive contact adhesive composition sandwiched between Make a product sheet.

11) Subdividing the layered product into transducer elements.

111) Providing at least one aperture in each element.

iV) Each element is bonded via its support layer to a backing member, preferably of the same shape. conductive contacts extending through the backing member to provide an uninterrupted electrical path to the or each aperture. include.

Remove the open layer.

v. At least one opening is filled with a portion of the conductive adhesive composition of the present invention. .

■ID: Cover the front adhesive surface with an open layer.

In one embodiment below, the electrode element is a disk and the aperture is approximately circular in plan. It is. In another embodiment described below, the electrode element is horseshoe-shaped, preferably at least Three, for example six, apertures are provided.

Conductive adhesive compositions according to the present invention are generally designed for the applications described immediately above. The variable conductive properties of the dead skin on the body surface Therefore, there may be cases where you are involved. First, gently rub the skin surface with paper or paper towels. Prepare by removing dead skin by rubbing with a dekosushi or pumice stone or similar. Easier to avoid. But even though such preparation is simple and quick, may be undesirable in some circumstances, and in any case it may be necessary to carry out the preparation. Nurses or other workers are needed for this purpose.

Therefore, in order to avoid the need for any skin preparation, it is desirable to use the present invention. The composition may be applied to unprepared skin, i.e. by rubbing or similar (dead skin) layer reduces contact resistance with the skin when applied to unremoved skin Contains additives that

Preferably, additives of this type are used to provide the necessary electrical continuity through the keratin layer. An aqueous medium is provided in the composition. Thus, the composition desirably comprises 1, 1 water and 1 water. 2. Hygroscopic agents such as glycerin or glycerol 3. Thickening agents such as carbs contains an additive consisting of a mixture of oxymethylcellulose, which mixture is present in the entire composition. may be present in an amount of about 1 to about 5 by weight.

In preparing compositions containing additives that reduce skin contact resistance, additives and conductors are a first mixture consisting of a conductive material and a second mixture consisting of a polymer and a conductive material. It is convenient to prepare compounds and mix these mixtures to form the final composition. child When the method is used, the desired range of each juvenile component in the first mixture is 1. Hygroscopic agent, for example, the ratio of glycerol to water is about 20:80 to about 80 by weight :20 2. The ratio of thickening agent such as CMC to hygroscopic agent/water mixture is from about 2 to about 10% by weight. 3. The percentage of conductive material, such as silver-coated glass bulbs, in the total mixture is about 70 to Approximately 80% by weight It is.

Generally, the combined composition will contain about 20% by weight of such first mixture, including additives. Does not include many. If it is used in excess of about 20% by weight, it will be too soft and the transformer will be damaged after use. 9. Chairs with compositions that may leave heavy residue deposits on the skin when removing Juicea This is because that. Desirably, the upper limit of the first mixture is about 15 parts by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The amount is %.

Through the use of the additives described above, "droplets" of aqueous material (which are filled with conductive spheres) are When it comes into contact with the skin, sufficient water is transferred to the skin and It is believed to reduce the electrical resistance of This process also applies to CMC in this phase. further in the skin (keratin) layer. It depends on the osmotic process that takes place. CMC is also used in the dispersion of spheres in the first mixture. and aid in the dispersion and stability of the first mixture droplets throughout the superlative composition. It also acts as a thickening agent. Moreover, water loss from the transgenic This is prevented by the hygroscopic nature of lycerol.

The following example illustrates a specific composition according to one aspect of the invention, namely Conductive 5 Hypoallergenic. The present invention describes the preparation of a skin-adhesive composition.

Example 1 The composition according to the invention is formulated as follows: fc: component weight relative to the total composition. amount% Silver coated glass bulb 72 Prepare the following ingredients Polyisobutyne 28 (Viscosity average molecular weight approximately 50,000) The conductive hypoallergenic adhesive described above is coated with the components identified above in the amounts described above. The polymer components were mixed approximately 200 times/min in a high shear mixer with double-shaped blades. It was prepared by mixing at a combined speed for about 20 minutes.

The silver-coated glass spheres used in the above composition were prepared according to the following procedure: 1. Preparation of solution Four solutions are required: A) Solution 11 contains an aqueous silver nitrate solution containing 60 g of nitrate (for stability reasons, this solution (Liquid should be stored in a dark glass bottle with a stone stopper) B) 11th) Ammonium nitrate aqueous solution containing 90g of nitrate (bottle with stone stopper) C) IA' Atashi KOH 150N-containing potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, if desired. Replace the solution with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution containing 105 g of sodium bicarbonate. Yes (bottle with rubber stopper) p) Sucrose solution containing the following: table sugar (su, callose) ioog Tartaric acid 5g 90% ethyl alcohol 150- 1! enough distilled water to make a solution How to make souri Dissolve sugar and tartaric acid in a small amount of distilled water and heat to boil to convert sugar. Heat gently for 15 minutes @ Add a small amount of water to cool, then add invert sugar. Add alcohol that will maintain the temperature, and finally add distilled water to make 11 . This solution must be aged for at least a week, and may become more concentrated over time. It gets better.

Solutions B and C, on the other hand, show unreliable results over time. Therefore, when using Prepare properly.

2. Cleaning the ball and preparing the surface The adhesion and strength of the silver coating is extremely dependent on the cleaning of the sphere surface. glass It is extremely difficult to completely clean the glass, and changes in surface quality, glass mold, etc. May produce different results. However, experience shows that sloppy cleaning of the surface is not enough to coat the surface. Show that there is always enough.

Cleaning is carried out using fuming nitric acid. This process destroys any existing silver coating and Where the original coating is present, the bulb is washed with distilled water and cleaned again with acid.

However, for the first cleaning, clean it once in acid, rinse thoroughly, and leave it in distilled water. By doing this, you can relax your legs. Alternatively, a chromic acid mixture may be used for cleaning. This is high Although extremely effective at high temperatures, it is not easy to use.

3. Silver coating method The coating operation is carried out by placing the glass bulbs in a shallow dish at room temperature. glass used The sphere is made of soda glass and is made of tiny glass beads with a diameter of 0 to 20μ. The cheaper lead glass, obtained from the Sea Glass Company, is used for toxicological reasons. can avoid. Microbeads of this grade have traces of iron metal contamination, so first wash them with water. The slurry of balls inside is stirred and removed using a magnetic stirrer. Traces of metal contaminants should be agitated. Collects as a black metal powder deposit on the stirrer.

Removal of this contaminant is necessary as it will interfere with the silver coating process described below to some extent. Kaname deru.

In a separate container, add a volume of solution approximately equal to the volume IA of the liquid V required to cover the sphere in the dish. Pour liquid A. Next, rapidly add the same volume (V/3) of solution B1 and then solution C. Gradually add while stirring. As a general rule, the last few drops of solution C will cloud the solution. Let's start. If the solution remains clear, add a few more drops of Solution C. solution) When the solution starts to become cloudy, the addition of Solution C should be stopped.

Pour the volume V of the mixture thus obtained onto the layer of spheres in the dish. Next, the solution used above is Add a volume of reducing solution Dt- equal to the volume of solution A IA. The reaction starts immediately. Stir slowly to ensure that the liquid is not cloudy or black and that it is evenly coated. Should. After 2 minutes, the plate begins to emit a metallic shine, but before I can remove it, I It is necessary to wait for a while. At the end of the reaction, the solution becomes clear and black particles appear on the surface. This is shown by observing the water floating on the surface. Now I can take out the ball, first with water and then with alcohol. Rinse with kohl and dry as quickly as possible. At that time, the coating work has not been completed. Ru.

When the seventh covering is the first covering of the sphere, it is often said that the second step is described above. It is best to repeat the process again after the first removal of the silver coating with fuming nitric acid. Ru.

Experience has shown that subsequent silver coatings form layers that adhere much better than the first. vinegar. Similarly, if something is not working or the resulting coating looks poor, The work should be repeated once more.

Of course it will be understood that: (1) In place of O-20μ grade, any other strictly divided grade range glass bulbs can be used; other ranges are available from English Glass. Wear; (11) It may be particularly advantageous for some applications where there is a large average particle size range. Sometimes (iii) If there is any glass bulb grade (0-20μ) to be used, be sure to follow the above process. It will be further classified by Composed of very fine particles that settle slowly The part that separates the sphere from the associated liquid, e.g. for it is always removed. This means that a narrower distribution is actually more effective. This improves things by creating a ball with a much lower critical permeation volume and polymer This represents a greater conservation of maternal characteristics.

Example 2 Another composition according to the invention is formulated as follows: Ingredients for the total composition weight% Prepared as above Hayashi Carboxymethyl Cellulone fine particles, food grade) *00 heavy weight polyethylene 8 Carboxymethylcellulose is commercially available from BASF under the trade name Owapanol. -゛, No. 1 - Curies Chemicals Planose Cellulose Gum, its CMC7 HXF grade is appropriate** Low molecular weight polyethylene, A-C from Allied Chemical Co. Polyethylene *Of which, 617A grade is suitable. Lugie adhesive compositions are made by mixing all polymer components in the amounts listed above with a high shear Kerr two-figure vane. Premix in the machine at about 100℃ for about 10 minutes, then slowly mix while continuing to mix. Add the silver-coated glass bulbs slowly enough to avoid drying out the appearance of the yeast. Prepare.

Example 3 Another product according to the invention containing a component that promotes electrically conductive contact at the skin (keratin) interface Is the composition prescribed as below? c: The first mixture (mixture A) was prepared according to the following recipe: Ingredients Weight % of total composition Glycerol (English Pharmacopoeia grade, no BDH) 12.25 Water (distilled) 1 1.5 Silver coated glass bulb 75.00 100.00 Combine the glycerol and water and stir until homogeneous, then add the carbs with rapid stirring. Slowly add the oxymethylcellulose. Shape the mixture into a rectangular shape and set aside with a lid. Mix thoroughly before leaving for the night. This means that CMC swells and dissolves, resulting in a highly viscous transparent material. Make it a clear guide material. Mix the glue well and then slowly shake the mixture. Add the silver gall and mix everything well.

The second mixture (mixture B) also has the following formulation: wt% of the total composition. Silver coated glass bulb 75 Prepared by mixing heated polyisozothene with silver gold as described in Example 2 above. Manufactured.

Mixture B is cooled to below about 50°C, and a small amount of mixture A is added while kneading the whole mixture. Add dipping sauce to give a ratio of 13% by weight of Mixture A to 87% by weight of Mixture B. mixture· After completion of kneading, the final mixture is cooled and tested for conductivity. With this, the transformer described later -) Ready for use in forming the user's conductive skin adhesive part.

The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. In the drawing FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a known electrocardiogram device electrode, and FIG. 2 shows an electrocardiogram device according to the present invention. A cross-section of one type of stationary transducer is shown. FIG. 3 shows a cross section of another type of transducer for an electrocardiogram device according to the invention. FIG. 4 shows a bottom view of a transducer for a multi-contact electrocardiogram device according to the present invention.

Referring to the drawing, one electrode for current electrocardiogram equipment is almost unchanged, silver/silver chloride. Maximum electrical contact with the skin is achieved at the appropriate monitoring point using the voltaic cell principle. made to be Generally, these have the shape shown in Figure 1. The "electrode" structure is typically made of flexible PVC made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. There is a tick disk-shaped backing member 11. This backing member 11 is installed through its center. The metal 1" snap button type contact 12 has a hole, and the latter is on the back side 14 of the backing member. There is a built-in part 13 that stands up from the top, and that part can be connected to the conductor of the electrocardiogram machine. It is. The contact 12 extends through the backing member and has a portion exposed on the front surface 16 of the backing member. The front side 16 of the backing member includes a ring 17 of adhesive, which also has a ring 17 of adhesive. ) rests an open paper ring 18 that protects the adhesive ring 17.

Rings 17 and 18 surround a foamed plastic padding 19, which is made of silver chloride. The electrode glue is impregnated to provide electrical contact with the skin. Guru's dryness To minimize drying, the ring 18 is covered with a sheath 20 of low moisture permeability material. When using The ring 18tl is peeled off from the remaining part of the "electrode" together with the cover 20, the latter containing dull Immersive filling 19t - Attach to the patient's skin in skin contact. 1 electrode" is adhesive ring 1 7 is held on the skin and the electrical connection is made via part 13 of the contact 12 .

The electrocardiogram device "electrodes" of the above-mentioned prior art designs have several drawbacks, especially 1. Electrode glue tends to dry out during storage, which makes it ineffective for monitoring one electrode. shall be.

2.1” dry pieces of electrodes are also used to detect the resulting electrocardiogram after the device is attached to the patient. This can cause problems in drawing lines by introducing baseline drift and other signal noise problems. be.

3. These are small (1 to 2 mV) differential voltages that vary with the action of the heart. Delta batteries are intended to detect Since 1 electrode is used, polarization of one electrode is likely to occur, resulting in loss of function.

4. To obtain more reliable differential voltage electrocardiogram lines, use a well-aligned pair of electrodes.” However, due to the delta battery nature of these devices, one perfectly aligned electrode It is difficult to obtain a pair. issues related to signal generation) and the 1-tank distance through which the signal passes.

5. For similar reasons, one electrode” (even from the same origin) is highly variable. . Furthermore, these are effective"111# due to patient movements that can change the distance. Extremely susceptible.

Referring to Figure 2, there is shown one electrode" or transducer. In addition, a flexible plastic disk-shaped backing material 11 is provided with a metal bonding material in the center. There is point 12. Furthermore, the contacts can be connected to the conductors of the electrocardiogram machine on the back of the lining member. 14 and includes the tongue portion 13. On the front side 16 of the backing member 11, there is a button. A conductive adhesive composition according to the present invention, e.g. In particular, it is in good contact with layer 26 of the described composition. This layer 26 is also The release paper 18' is covered with a silicone release paper, for example.

All layers of the transducer should be stacked together and the release paper 18' should be attached during use. It is removed and the transducer is adhered to the skin via layer 26. This layer is conductive The conductive wire and layer 26 that are attached to the button part 13 are also adhesive. Provides the necessary electrical contact with the patient's skin.

Another type of electrocardiogram transducer according to the present invention is shown in FIG.

The transducer has an adhesive layer mounted on a support layer 25 of, for example, nylon mesh. Dovetail layer 26 may include, for example, a conductive adhesive composition according to the invention as specifically described above. The transducer of FIG. 2 is similar to the one shown in FIG. Same as user. The ring 27 is preferably one currently used in orthopedics, for example. It is a hypoallergenic adhesive material.

Thus, the transducer of the present invention has the shape and surface of the known one electrode 1 shown in FIG. It will be seen that the top can be made in the same shape. However, in this case, the electrode glue is impregnated with The foam is replaced with a composition according to the invention, and the ring 17 is made of a hypoallergenic adhesive. It has been selected to consist of In this form the transducer of the invention The noise-to-signal ratio is low due to the small area of conductive material that can act as a brings the additional benefit of reduction.

The composition of the present invention, like silver chloride electrodes, does not dry out. So in special packaging It is not necessary that the transducer shown in Figures 2 and 3 and described above) The storage period is almost unspecified.

The electrocardiogram device transducer designed as above is currently used for electrocardiograms. For example, the ideal monitor “electrode Based on a commercial reference table for ``1 electrode'', there are several advantages over conventional 1 electrode. Be remembered. Thus, the transducer for an electrocardiogram device according to the present invention is 1. No preparation time or education required for application to patients The basic skin adhesive system is used by slimming surgery patients and releases paper to protect the adhesive. Only the removal of is required. Adhesion to the skin is immediate, but pressure is maintained for a short period of time to allow the material to adhere to the skin. It is generally improved to increase the J:b contact with the flow warmed to body temperature. ′ Electrode groups that require special packaging to minimize evaporation caused by dry pieces of electrodes. There is no special packaging that must be removed as with the "electrodes" used.

The amount of preparation and training is no greater than that required for winged "electrodes." stomach. This transducer should be checked to see if the electrode filling is sufficiently moist or slightly wet. Do not add electrode dulls to the “electrode” stuffing, which is supplied dry, as in the case of No need for any checking.

2. It remains on the patient for a long time even with strong sweating, showering and bathing. Obviously, good long-term adhesion is essential when used to attach a slimming device to a patient. The requirements are even more stringent than those required for electrocardiogram purposes. Therefore we This system remains intact through baths and showers.

It cannot be argued that this adhesive system will work with any type of skin. However, based on evidence from surgical applications, this system does not work as well in skin There are probably few skin-type cases.

3. Gives a good signal immediately upon application and maintains this quality throughout the period of use. Ru Depending on what was mentioned above about gently rubbing the skin, the transducer provide good electrical contact immediately and remain stable throughout their use. Stay as you are. This indicates that the conventional electrode ``Glu 1 Electrode'' is in thermochemical equilibrium with the skin after application. This is in contrast to the fact that it takes some time to reach . Moreover, the voltage measurement circuit The thermochemical equilibrium point may be biased with the conventional one-electrode connection), and the system It also takes time to bring the system back to its new equilibrium point. Once the conventional “electrode” is applied As a result, the electrode glue gradually dries up, thus changing its response characteristics and causing slow drift in the signal. This can lead to problems. These adverse effects are avoided in the transducer of the present invention. It's impossible.

4. Based on voltaic contact with the skin that provides consistently good signals from patient to patient. Unlike the conventional electrode group 1 electrode, which has the potential to fluctuate, Our transducer then provides direct contact with the skin. Therefore this They should be in harmony with each other to give reliable results and therefore improve the patient's skin. It is not significantly dependent on skin and perspiration conditions (eg salt content).

5. Non-irritating for a long time: Some patients' skin is sensitive to the adhesive system. and the basic system used by slimming surgery patients in particularly sensitive (circadian) skin areas. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of adverse reactions due to the use of I am not aware of any adverse reactions from various patients. This is true for the currently used In "poles," both the electrode glue and the adhesive used to attach the device to the patient are This contrasts with having an adverse reaction.

6. Comfortable for patients to wear One of the features of this transducer is that it can be fused with the skin, unlike the existing electrode group 1 electrode'. This means that the area can be reduced. This is different from a filling impregnated with electrode glue. This is because the gas contact medium itself is an adhesive. This also immediately improves patient comfort. Tarasu. Additionally, patients often experience "hot heat" as a result of contact with the electrode glue. There is no "or 1 cold" feeling. Our glue quickly warms up to body temperature) and is It's not cold either.

7. Can be quickly removed and disposed of without cleaning the skin These are important features for any adhesive system for use in ostomy.

The basic skin adhesive system resists being pulled apart by direct pulling (this (supports the weight of a full ostomy collection bag) without any discomfort. Also, it may leave even more traces of adhesive on the skin. It can be removed from the skin without any problems. Conventional single electrodes are usually difficult to remove and It is usually necessary to clean the skin of the kanashi after removal.

8. Low price The transducer can be produced at a cost similar to that of current electrodes.

This transducer is a basic skin adhesive system developed for slimming surgery patients. It combines good quality with the excellent electrical properties of the random conductive media mentioned above. Up In addition to the advantageous features mentioned above, our transducer also has the ability to It is noted that this results in much improved stability at baseline. This thing is As a result of not being based on delta battery contact with the patient, we recommend that all of that contact be There are no consequences for this, such as those resulting from variability with patient movement, sweating, etc. .

Furthermore, the transducer of the present invention has a better electrical potential for measuring the electrical signals that are the subject of measurement. It is also true that it provides an optical sensitivity (or gain). The cause of this has been Although not completely understood, there is no doubt that measurements (such as in the case of conductivity in metals) (e.g.) movement of electrons) rather depends on the transport of ions through the solution (a slow process) This results from the absence of the expected “voltaic cell damping effect” when Ru.

The transducer described above with reference to FIG. 2 is sandwiched between two layers of release paper. A laminated product consisting of layers of a conductive adhesive composition sandwiched in shapes is, for example, calendered. It can be molded and produced. The layered product is then cut into discs and one layer of release paper is removed. Flexible polychloride with the same diameter and fixed snap tongue contact in the center Glue to the front of the vinyl disc.

Regarding the transducer shown in Figure 3, a layered product is made here again, but this time A release layer and a support layer such as nylon mesh, as used for example in ostomy. An adhesive layer consisting of a non-conductive adhesive material sandwiched between It is something that The layered product is cut into disks, and a conductive adhesive composition is placed in the center of each disk. A hole is punched out sized to accommodate the stopper 28. The six rings created in this way are placed through a support layer. Attach to the front of a flexible polyvinyl chloride disc of the same diameter as the original laminated disc. . The PVC disk also has a snap 7″ methane type contact mounted in its center. . The release paper is then removed and the central cavity is filled with the measured amount by hot or cold filling techniques. Fill the conductive adhesive composition according to the invention and check the electrical contact between the composition and the button. Check and cover the whole thing with a disc of release paper. Finally, here again the hot or cold technique Press the transducer to complete its molding.

When using metal snap methane, make sure there is good contact between the skin adhesive and the metal button. The surface may be coated with, for example, a conductive adhesive composition to promote adhesive bonding (and thus also electrical contact). The surface of the contacting portion 15 is coated with a conductive material such as a conductive epoxy or similar adhesive. The need for preliminary treatment or “priming” by applying a rough coating of adhesive; There is.

Thus, for example, suitable conductive epoxy adhesives have a slow curing (approximately 12-24 hours) However, it is fast-acting (about 1 hour) and is good. (1) Epoxy resin and diamine curing agent such as Araldite or (10 Kostik) It can be prepared from standard commercially available two-part epoxies consisting of: In either case, commercially available products are The ingredients are mixed together (usually in equal parts) just before use. Mix both ingredients. It begins to harden after being combined and can only be used until it hardens to the point where it cannot be processed.

For use in the 1st undercoat υ” for button surfaces, each of the commercially available components must be separately applied (top Mix with silver-coated glass bulbs (prepared as described above) or similar, and the optimum formulation thereof. is an epoxy component approximately 25% by weight Silver coated glass bulb approximately 75% by weight but about 70 to about 80 parts by weight of silver-coated glass bulbs or similar epoxy components A range of about 30 to about 20 weight percent is acceptable for both epoxy components.

In each case, the epoxy components were heated to between about 40°C and about 80°C to facilitate mixing. The iron ball should be added slowly, stirring the mixture gently. Ensure homogeneity After finishing agitation, the material is cooled and then checked for conductivity.

Once mixed, both conductive epoxy components will separate, which may limit long-term storage. Wear. To use follow the same steps as using commercially available epoxy adhesives i.e. Mix equal parts of both components and brush the mixture before it hardens sufficiently to prevent flow. Apply to the tongue surface.

The transducer described above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 is used for normal electrocardiogram device applications. Can be used for In those applications, one set of tsuji (one layer) is applied to various parts of the human body. each separately connected to an electrocardiogram device. The commonly used configuration There are three transgisers arranged in the so-called Eindhoven equilateral triangle of the limbs. For example, place one measurement transducer on the right arm (RA) and one measurement transducer on the right arm (RA). One measuring transducer is used for the left arm (LA) and one measuring transducer is used for the left leg (LL). . One set of three voltages i.e. six at a small current between each pair of transducers. A third transformer is used in each case with a differential amplifier operating in the 1-2 mV range. The juicer is grounded and monitored. In some cases, a fourth transistor For example, a separate hand connected to the right leg (R1,) and grounding the patient to a common line with the measuring instrument. Used to provide a stage.

Other placements may result in additional transnection in other parts of the body, particularly near the heart. Simply Use alone or collectively. Thus in these cases there are sometimes 7 or 9 trucks. A cluster of transducers is placed near the heart, which connects the various transducers. Problems arise in locating both sufficiently close together. If this problem is transduced The sensor is smaller than the conventional one-electrode one as described above with reference to Figures 2 and 3. Partially alleviated by making the dimensions larger, this means that the entire frontal area is adhesive. On the other hand, a better result would be to make a device of the type shown in FIG. It can be obtained by

FIG. 4 shows a multi-contact transducer in which the plane shown is nine according to the present invention, such as the top. A series of parts or plugs 31 made of the specifically described electrically conductive adhesive composition are described above. An arcuate array is formed in the facing element 32 made of Notooshi's hypoallergenic skin adhesive material. It is arranged as it is configured. The whole may have a suitable structure, for example a similar shape. PVC backed sheet that snaps into place for each 831 It is mounted on one equipped with butane contacts.

The above transducers require independent transducer arrays around the heart. provides a means for providing multiple transducer contacts wherever possible.

It should be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. So For example, the moldable composition of the present invention can be used in the following other applications: 1. Buttons or composite backing members for use in transducers for electrographic devices and can be made. It replaces and/or replaces metal screens. 94.6, can be combined with a backing disk. In either case, the unit is 1i p-v, c, nylon, polypropylene or similar materials and metal or metal coated grains For example, silver-coated glass bulbs can be molded, for example, by injection molding. Ru.

2. Metal coated glass fiber filled polypropylene can be used in injection molding applications and is electrically conductive Model railroad wheels are one example. Currently these are filled with glass fiber (for strength). Made of filled polypropylene, the electrical current is passed from the wheel rim to the hub and from there to the drive motor. A metal insert is placed in the injection mold before each wheel is molded so that the It is necessary to incorporate incoming spokes. Our solution to this problem is that the wheels Providing a conductive composition that can be shaped greatly simplifies the manufacturing process. Dew.

3. Extruded coaxial cable, especially for high-quality signal transmission such as high-fidelity, convenience Currently, cables of this type are used for computers, televisions, etc. An insulating polymer is extruded onto the top. This is then woven over its entire length. wrapped in wire (grounding or shielding layer), then a finishing polymer layer is applied on top of this. Extrude to. The main disadvantages are the complexity of the forming process and the woven ground wire layer providing flexibility. Ineffective electrical shielding must be woven in order to It's sex. Our proposal is to replace both metal layers with conductive polymers. Ru. This can be accomplished by a much simpler coextrusion process than current methods.

Furthermore, the shielding layer is made even more effective by essentially providing a complete layer of conductive material. It is.

4. Conductive polymer foam. Metal- or metal-coated particles can be combined with polymers (e.g. A conductive foam can be obtained by incorporating it into urethane) and then foaming it. , this also protects electrical components in static packaging! i/Used for shielding.

5. Injection molded 1 printed circuit board for electrical equipment, electrical circuits are standard) , conductive and non-conductive polyesters, when they are mass-produced and worth designing the mold. By injection molding a combination of polymers, the circuit can be preformed more effectively than with current techniques. You can make the board appear.

6. Conductive rubber (or similar material) pressure transducer. rubber conductive particles By injecting into the material precisely at the critical permeation volume, it becomes conductive when pressed. A material is obtained that changes significantly and returns (due to recovery of the rubber) when the pressure is removed. This thing is Provides a means of providing pressure control in electrical circuits, such as foot control circuits in sewing machines . Of course, this type of material is much more conductive than graphite-filled rubber, for example about It should be understood that this is over 100 times greater.

7. Injection molded TV antenna.

8. Low-temperature solder for metals, i.e. two-component conductive adhesive.

This type of material can be formulated as described above for epoxy metal button 1 primer. , can be used to join two metal parts where a conductive bond is required.

Figure 1 2/1 Figure 3 Figure 4 international search report -3 1゛1

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. present in such an amount that the combined specific conductivity is at least about 2 mha cm-' conductive material in the form of microparticles consisting of metal- or metal-coated particles dispersed inside. 1. A moldable polymeric composition comprising a moldable polymeric material. 2. Polymer material is polyvinyl compound / Rialken. Claim 1: Made of polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, or polyamide. The composition described in . 3. Polymer materials are polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. Claim 2 which is polypropylene, polyisobutyne or nylon Composition. 4. The polymer material is epoxy resin or silicone as set forth in claim 1. composition. 5. The conductive material is made of finely divided metal as described in any of the preceding claims. Composition. 6. Claims 1 to 4, wherein the conductive material consists of substrate particles coated with metal foil. The composition according to any of paragraphs. 7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the substrate is glass or plastic. 8. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal is silver. 9. According to any of the preceding claims, the conductive material is made into fine particles and has a spherical shape. composition. 10. Particles of conductive material are spheres with a narrow diameter distribution and are present in an amount greater than about 35 cm. The composition according to claim 9. 11. The shape of the fine particles of the conductive material is an elongated shape with a large length-to-diameter ratio. A composition according to any one of the ranges 1 to 9. 12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the particles are rods or fibers. 13. The preceding claim containing one or more ingredients for providing a contact adhesive composition A composition according to any of the ranges. 14. Prior claims whose ingredients are selected to provide a hypoallergenic composition A composition according to any of the above. 15. Adhesion is determined by isobutyne and one or more phase structure-1 flow- and/or moisture-permeability modifiers. Claim 13 or 1 resulting from the use of a mixture with a Compositions according to Items 3 and 14. 16. Polyisobutyne has a viscosity average molecular weight of about 40,000 to i　o　, o　 The composition according to claim 15, which is oO. Low molecular weight polyalkene and/or hydroxyalkyl cellulose of 17.1 m or more 17. The composition according to claim 15 or 16, comprising: 18. Claims containing polyethylene and/or hydroxymethyl cellulose A composition according to range item 17. 19. Contains additives that reduce contact resistance with the skin when applied to unprepared skin. The composition according to any one of claims 13 to 18, comprising: 20. The additive as set forth in claim 19 consists of a mixture of water, a hygroscopic agent and a thickening agent. composition. 21. The moisture absorbing agent is glycerin and/or the thickening agent is carboxylic acid. 21. The composition according to claim 20, which is methylcellulose. 22, a first mixture consisting of the additive and the conductive material and #I remer material; A second mixture of the conductive materials is prepared and the mixtures are then mixed to form a final Any of claims 19 to 21 prepared by making the final composition and K. The composition described in any of the above. 23. The first mixture has a moisture absorbent to water ratio of about 20:80 to about 80: 20, the ratio of thickener to hygroscopic agent/water mixture ranges from about 2 to about 10% by weight, and the total Claims: In the mixture, the proportion of the conductive material is about 70 to 80% by weight. Composition according to paragraph 22. 24. The first mixture is used in an amount not exceeding about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The composition according to claim 22 or 23. 25. A composition approximately as specifically described above. 26. An electrically conductive device for medical purposes, as set forth in any of the preceding claims. A device comprising one or more molded parts of a composite material, optionally mounted on a base structure. 27. A transducer suitable for use in electrocardiograms with a backing member. A conductive contact is installed through it, and a conductive wire is attached to a part of the contact on the backing material. The connection can be made on the back side, and the contact point penetrates the backing member to meet claim 13 or 13. of the electrically conductive adhesive composition according to any one of paragraphs 14 to 25, when The composition is placed on the front side of the backing member to provide an uninterrupted electrical path to the adhesive layer. Claim 26, in which the front surface of the transducer can be adhered to the skin, without any or all of the above. The device described in. 28. The conductive contact can be molded according to any one of claims 1 to 12. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the device is made of a metal of composition. 29. According to claim 27 or 28, the contact point is attached to the center of the backing member. The device described. □□□, the backing member is a disk according to any one of claims 27 to 29. equipment. 31. On the front side of the backing member, there is a non-conductive layer surrounding the central part of the conductive adhesive composition, that is, the plug. 31. A device according to claims 29 and 30, wherein the ring of electrical contact adhesive material is the mount. Place. 32. The ring of claim 31, wherein the ring comprises a hypoallergenic pressure sensitive skin adhesive. Device. 33. Conductive part of a multi-contact transducer mounted on an insulating backing member Because of the arrangement of parts, each part is in electrical contact with an insulated terminal. At least one part of claim 13 or claim 13 when dependent on claim 13 Claims consisting of a conductive adhesive composition according to any one of items 14 to 25. Composition according to paragraph 26. 34. The composition according to claim 33, wherein each conductive portion comprises the conductive adhesive composition. thing. 35. The conductive portions are arranged in an arcuate array for attachment to the patient's chest around the heart. 35. The device according to claim 33 or 34. 36, as shown in Figures 2, 3 or 4 of the accompanying drawings, please refer to these figures. A transducer as described above. 37. In the method for manufacturing the device according to claim 27, 6 (,) includes two release layers. Relying on claim 13 or claim 13 sandwiched between A layered product layer comprising a layer of the composition according to any one of items 14 to 25 of (b) Divide the layered product into transducer elements, (,) Complete removal of the release layer on the side, and (d) Pass each element through the backing member to the conductive composition via the exposed adhesive surface. Glued to a backing element containing conductive contacts to provide an uninterrupted electrical path A method consisting of things. 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the layered product is cut into disks. 39. The method of claim 37, substantially as specifically described above. 40. A method for manufacturing an electrode according to claim 31 or 33, (+) Non-conductive contact adhesive set sandwiched in a square shape between the release layer and the support layer (1i) Divide the layered product into trans-)usa elements, (1i) iii) providing at least one aperture in each element; (1v) providing each element with at least one aperture through the backing member; Its support of each element to a backing element containing conductive contacts providing an uninterrupted electrical path to the aperture Glue through layers, (V) Remove the release layer (Vi) depending on claim 13 or 13 in at least one aperture; filling the composition according to any one of items 14 to 25 when (ViD: A method consisting of covering the front adhesive surface with a release layer. 41, Trans Zoesa is a disk, and the aperture is approximately circular in plane. The method according to item 40. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the transducer is horseshoe-shaped. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein at least three apertures are provided. 44. 41. A method as claimed in claim 40, substantially as specifically described above.