JPS60500160A - emergency equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] emergency equipment The present invention is a telescoping emergency device for emergency and fire escape purposes, among other uses. It relates to something suitable as a escape ladder or staircase.

Fire escape systems generally consist of internal or external stairs. However, because Internal staircase stairs have the disadvantage of forming a real chimney against smoke, and smoke is always very It is toxic. In addition, many people who try to escape by stairs approach the lower floors. You are forced to pass in front of a door that is closed to you. open one of these doors This creates ventilation and allows smoke to pass into the stairs. Thus, the fire This effectively blocks all escape routes from floors higher than the actual location. outside stairs have the same disadvantages and allow the people involved to pass through smoke and be near flames coming out of doors and windows. be forced to pass. Moreover, external staircases pose considerable aesthetic problems. Rub. Another disadvantage is that this type of staircase makes it easier for intruders to get close and reach any door. and to be able to do so.

Another emergency escape device is known, which is fixed on the outside wall near the window. It is a retractable ladder. When you operate the lever, this escape ladder is rolled out and its rungs are is open at right angles to the outside wall. In this case, the ladder can be accessed from the window. Here too I tried to leave using this escape route (2) People are forced to pass windows that are open or broken by the effects of heat; Noxious smoke and smoke are pouring through the windows. This creates a ladder. Roller material 1 In general, if aluminum is licked by flame, it is difficult to grip the horizontal crosspiece. quickly becomes impossible. This is because the temperature is so high that it burns your hands. It is from.

Various deployable emergency ladders are known (Document US-A-2626 783, U See S-A-3 259 207 and US-A-1 455 928), this They are generally not suitable for multi-storey buildings and have the disadvantages mentioned above.

From document DE-C-4'2 635, a deployable ladder connected to a balcony is shown. It is publicly known. However, when unfolded this ladder is made up of earth Requires stopping means. Additionally, it dampens the shock when it is deployed. Since there is no means to protect the joints, a considerable amount of stress is transmitted to the joints. In addition, what is written in this document The built-in device has many advantages, both because it requires support on the ground and because of the presence of a bottom bar. Not suitable for multi-story buildings.

From document US-A-3 9.46 833, a vertical deployment emergency ladder is known. This includes complex telescoping mechanisms and is suitable for forming emergency door closure means. are doing.

This telescoping mechanism is rather complex and prone to breakage when needed for use. In addition, Close to this deployed emergency ladder (3) It is rather difficult and dangerous to do so. Moreover, there is inevitably a gap between the wall and the actual ladder. Descending occupants are not protected from smoke and fields licking the exterior walls of the building. what (because) he is close to the outside wall of the building.

The present invention provides a method for moving away from the outside wall and thus away from smoke and/or smoke. A telescoping emergency device; on the other hand, the user is protected against flames and smoke. By proposing new methods, we aim to avoid these disadvantages.

According to the invention, the telescoping emergency ladder is a deformable quadrilateral whose -longest side The part is fixed and the opposite sides of it have an upper part articulated at both ends to the fixed side. The upper arm is connected by an arm and by a lower arm articulated at both ends. The lower arm, which is longer than the lower arm, is in a nearly horizontal position when deployed. Two points of articulation with the top and bottom on the sides that are connected and also fixed If the distance between is greater than the length of the lower arm, the unfolding movement of the device will bring it to its equilibrium position from structures that include things that are connected in such a way that they are attenuated by It has become essential.

In one particularly advantageous embodiment, the deformable parallelogram follows the formula:

%formula% Here A represents the length of the lower articulated arm, (4) B has two articulated arms corresponding to the length of the opposite side to the fixed side. 1C represents the length of the upper articulated arm. - D represents the distance between two points of articulation on a fixed support.

Under these conditions the emergency device is completely folded back towards the fixed support.

The fixed support shall be the exterior wall of the building in the case of a permanently installed escape device. It is advantageous if

In one particularly preferred embodiment, the inequality C(B(A(D) follows in the same way. ing. Here A, B, C.

D has the same meaning as before.

Lengths A, B, C and D are the circles formed by the movement of the upper and lower arms The arcs of the upper arm are fixed on the opposite side when the device is in the deployed or equilibrium position. Preferably chosen to intersect at a point approximately equivalent to the articulation connecting to the side. .

In a particularly preferred modified embodiment, the emergency device as described folds in the same manner. Contains visible stairs or ladders. In this case the stairs or ladder are on the fixed side form a rigid extension of the side facing the section.

Lengths A, B, C and D according to the various conditions specified above are suitable for telescopic ladders or Articulation to fixed supports during stair deployment reduces dynamic stresses on damping It is advantageous to be selected in such a way as to obtain a motion that is The lower arm is at least partially damped before it is in line with the plane of the ladder or stair. Must be. of two arms fixed on a ladder or stair for other lengths. The shorter the length B) between the two ends, the greater the damping of the motion. .

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the telescoping ladder or staircase is on each upright portion of the ladder; or having an upper arm and a lower arm articulated on each stringer of the staircase.

According to the invention, a substantially horizontal plane in which the articulated arm is placed form a landing connecting supports fixed to the ladder. This landing is For example, it may lead to a fire-resistant door or a terrace or balcony.

According to another particularly advantageous embodiment, the landing is provided with handrails on each side; It is folded up at the same time as the rest of the device. It can also be assembled with articulated arms. It is. In this way, smoke and/or flames coming from the floors below It is even possible to form a ``box'' to protect people against such attacks.

Alternatively, the lower articulated arm can form a nose above the dancing bath on the stairs. By means of an articulated bar and articulation device that can be extended to For example, when a staircase is folded against an outside wall (6) This makes it possible to control the surface to form a completely flat outer surface. I will do it.

Similarly, this nose controls the folding and unfolding of the handrail, using the device Give people greater security.

Alternatively, the landing floor itself can be used as an emergency door for the relevant floor of the building. may be formed.

The upper articulated arm should preferably be shorter than the lower arm. A ladder or staircase that has been moved away from its fixed support is It is inclined to the straight. In this way, people can protect themselves from smoke and/or flames. It is well protected. Until then, however, the distance it is moved apart is For each application, the space available, any obstacles present, and surroundings Adjusted according to things like hedges or walls, roads with heavy traffic, parking lots, etc. Must be. This distance can be covered by passing over parked cars if necessary. It may be selected so that it reaches the pavement on the side.

Alternatively, one way to avoid obstacles is to avoid obstacles by making sure that each successive rung of a ladder or staircase It should be kept short so that it does not touch the ground. the first person is the last For example, when he reaches the last rung or this continuation, he moves to the second sliding ladder rung. can be relaxed and it can be tilted as desired. This second rung of the ladder is an example For example, storage (7) There is a gap in the text, through which a guide fixed to the first rung of a ladder or staircase slides. It has become so. .

This device has therefore been found to be very effective and avoids the disadvantages of known devices. Ru.

The application of the device of the invention is nevertheless limited to escape devices permanently fixed to the outside wall. It is not something that will be done. The device of the invention can actually be carried by firefighters and is generally You can freely use a ladder that is more stable than the one used. Device described It would be sufficient to secure and then deploy it.

Alternatively, a fixed support can be a simple device that saves the person at risk. It is designed so that it can be fixed to the window by firefighters.

In the case of multi-storey buildings, the device of the invention can be installed on the balcony of the lower floor, e.g. It is possible to approach it and connect it to other balconies on the lower floor. come.

The connection between the device of the invention and the floor below can be made with the aid of a ladder and a footbridge opened at the same time. and this pedestrian bridge provides access to the second device according to the invention, etc. This can be done without having to pass in front of a window.

According to another variant of the invention, the emergency device is an extension of the lower articulated arm. A deformable parallelogram that is placed in a frame that is suitable for being folded at the same time. Contains. This type of sill can be folded over the width of the window (8), for example. I was able to fold the pedestrian bridge back and create a passage from the window to this sajiki. A parallel four located at a distance from the wall of the building and opposite the fixed side. Protected from smoke and flames by a shield formed by panels connecting the sides of the rectangle, etc. Ru.

This type of berth may or may not be provided with an escape ladder. If you don't have a ladder During a fire, it can serve as a shelter until firefighters arrive.

An example of an uninvented device will be described in more detail with the help of accompanying figures. . In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows a diagram of the operation of the telescopic ladder or staircase according to the invention. It shows.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a telescoping ladder in its simplest construction. Also, Figure 3 shows an application to a multi-storey building.

With reference to FIG. 1, the telescopic ladder according to the invention comprises a fixed support 1 and a For example, a fixed support 1, which is a wall, has an arm 3 with a lower joint and a longer lower joint. The joint consists of ladder rungs 2 connected by arms 4.

Arms 3 and 4 pivot on respective joints 5 and 6 on fixed support 1. come. The folded state of the telescoping ladder (indicated by the dashed line) is the length of arm 4. It has been found that the ladder is not obstructed during its unfolding movement. Therefore, it must be shorter than the distance between the two joints 5 and 6. Similarly, Equation A + B = C + D, where lengths A, B, C and D correspond to the above definitions must be respected in order to obtain a folded ladder perfectly parallel to the fixed support. No.

The length of the arm 4 or the length of the landing with a lower joint may be specified by the firefighter, for example. The vines are selected according to the specified safety situation. However, when the ladder is folded The landing can also form a door allowing access to the building. There is also. The length of arm 3 is selected by determining the slope of the ladder when it is unfolded as shown below. Allows selection.

When the extendable ladder according to the invention is deployed, the inertia of the ladder rung 2 is such that it and 4 tend to pivot the ladder around joint 7.

In this guided movement, point 9 at the lower end of ladder 2 passes through 9' and 9''. , at that point the forces due to the inertia and weight of ladder 2 become balanced. Also, the lower arm The end 7 of passes through its lowest position at 7' and momentarily the arm 3 and the ladder It's on par with 2. The device then reaches equilibrium and its position shown by the solid line It will be placed. Therefore, there is a damped movement on the fixed support that reduces dynamic stresses. Ru.

To do this, however, for the position of equilibrium so chosen, Arm 4 is horizontal, ladder 2 has a fixed slope, and bar 3 and ladder 2 One line (10) The position should be different from the one above and while being expanded, The device should pass to its equilibrium position and bar 3 and ladder 2 are in line. should be at least partially damped before passing to its critical position at It is necessary to be strong. The position of the equilibrium passed first is far from the critical position. The further away, the more the motion will be damped. To do this, the length B is It must be short compared to other lengths.

The parallelogram 8 shown on the ladder 2 represents some additional weight (for example, the weight of a person). ) is the tendency of the weight component to move the ladder closer to the wall relative to the indicated equilibrium position. In view of the fact that it is in the opposite direction, it has almost no influence on the position of ladder rung 2.

However, to do this arm 3 must be lifted and therefore Along with this, the ladder 2 and additional weight must be carried. Therefore, movement can be ignored.

FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention in a perspective view. Each upright part of the ladder should be It is articulated to the wall earth according to a row quadrilateral. Landing 10 may be made of a thin sheet of fireproof material. It may even be a door that provides access to a building, or an emergency exit. Fireproof door type for opening, bolted on the inside. ladder is folded The device of the present invention does not allow intruders to gain access because it can be lifted when the device is in the room. too In addition to that, by extension of arm 4 (11) The device of the present invention, with the use of a folding stage controlled by an actuated rod, In the folded state it is completely flat and does not allow access.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the bottom surface of the ladder 2 is e.g. It may be covered with a panel of fire-resistant material to protect the person holding the fire from the heat of the flames.

It also has telescoping handrails on each side that are controlled by the extension of arm 4 and are articulated. It is also possible to provide an arm made up of bent arms.

FIG. 3 shows various possibilities applicable to multi-storey buildings. first ladder Deploying the child 20 may involve the deployment of another ladder 21 at a lower level, the ladder The child 2° can be supported on a footbridge that is deployed at the same time as the lower ladder.

Find out what various combinations are possible.

In the folded state, the ladder, analogously, is advantageous in carrying advertising, thus Allows the device to be further hidden.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described, the invention should not be limited to these embodiments. Rather, numerous modifications are possible that fall within the scope of the invention.

Similarly, there are many industrial applications where the application is limited to fire escape devices. Vine put out.

It should be noted that the device of the present invention has a high (12) This is what we offer.

Emergency ladders are generally vertical in practical terms and are therefore particularly unpleasant for people who suffer from vertigo. However, the device of the present invention is tilted.

Moreover, if the bottom of ladder 2 is covered with a panel as shown above, the control When operated, this panel can fold like a step towards the rung. This way Thus, bolting the device is sufficient to prevent its use. The panel is added additional sockets to receive bars or steps, thus preventing incorrect use. can be prevented.

The device of the present invention improves the overall appearance and appearance of the building in which this emergency device is installed. It can also be integrated into architectural styles. In fact, two parallel parallelogram structures are Sometimes they can be joined by aesthetic panels that serve as protection against smoke and smoke.

If the deployed device is not equipped with a ladder but simply consists of a landing 22, considers that the weight of the ladder can no longer be used to absorb shock, and attempts to dampen the unfolding motion. It is advantageous to provide a stage and a stop means.

It is also possible to prepare the device for deactivation by smoke and/or fire alarms. be.

\ Ji international search report

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Its longest side (1) is fixed and its opposite side (B) is fixed on both sides. upper arm (3) articulated at the end of the upper arm (3) and articulated at both ends (6, 7) a deformable body connected to the fixed side part (1) by a lower arm (4); A telescoping emergency device consisting essentially of at least one structure comprising a parallelogram in, The lower arm (4), which is longer than the upper arm, is in a nearly horizontal position when the device is unfolded. and two joints, upper and lower (5, 6) on the fixed side (1) The distance between the attachment points or the length of the lower arm (4) is greater than the chrysanthemum, and the deployment operation of the device is - the motion is damped at its equilibrium position; Extendable emergency device for rollers. 2. The length from the side of the deformable parallelogram A + "r C + D) or the upper part and the arc of the circle formed by the moving ends of the lower arms (3, 4) In the open equilibrium position of the device, the upper arm (3) is attached to the fixed side (1) are selected so that they intersect at a point that approximately corresponds to the joint that connects to the opposite side. The device M according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3 Deformable parallelogram is an equation %formula%]) where A represents the length of the lower articulated arm and B represents the length of the lower articulated arm. represents the length of the opposite side, C represents the length of the upper articulated arm, and D represents the length of the fixed arm. side (14) Claim 1 characterized in that it follows what is adapted to represent the section. 2. The device according to any one of paragraphs 1 and 2. 4. A deformable parallelogram is an inequality 0 formula% (( Accordingly, A, E, O, and D have the same meanings as in claim 2. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: 5. The device is a staircase or ladder (2), which is also collapsible and has fixed sides. an antecedent characterized in that it includes a rigid extension of the opposite side of the A device according to any of the claims. 6. The length of the parallelogram sides is damped to reduce the dynamic stress on the articulated The preceding claim is characterized in that it is selected so as to capture the unfolding motion Equipment described in Section. 7. The lower articulated arm (4), which is approximately horizontal, or the flat surface placed within it. The surface connects the fixed support (1) to the ladder or staircase (2) and the device When the MK is in a folded state, you can optionally install a door that allows you to approach the building. The claim is characterized in that a landing (10) is formed at the top. Apparatus according to ranges 5 to 7. 8 The landing has handrails on each side that fold up at the same time as the rest of the equipment. and it is articulated (15) Claim 8 or 8, characterized in that the arm is assembled from a is the device according to item 9. 9. The lower articulated arm (4) is extended to form the nose on the stringer of the stairs. folding of the steps (11) by means of articulated bars and/or connecting devices. When folded up towards a staircase or fixed support (1), the planar outer surface 1 to form a surface and/or to control the folding or unfolding of the handrail. Claim 5 is characterized in that it is possible to control the The apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 1O. 10. The unfolded ladder or stairs must not touch the ground, and the ladder or stairs must not touch the ground. The second-sequential step of the slide on top of the first shall be removed by the outside operator or user. Claims 5 to 5 are characterized in that: 12. The device according to any one of the above. 11 The device includes a landing (22) protected from smoke and flames, the plane of which placed within a rigid extension of that of the lower articulated arm (4) and characterized in that an opened pedestrian bridge (10) allows passage from the emergency exit to the landing; claim to be Place 0