JPS6047986B2 - Method and equipment for collecting samples in high to low pressure liquids - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for collecting a sample liquid at a desired depth in a well, lake, ocean, etc., and an apparatus used therefor.

Previously, when investigating the water quality and substances contained in fairly deep areas such as wells, lakes, marshes, and the sea, an airtight pressure vessel was used, which had the mechanical strength to withstand the hydraulic pressure at the required depth. As the depth increases, and it is necessary to collect sample liquids at depths of 500 to 1000 m or more, we not only face very difficult challenges in terms of technology and materials to provide the mechanical strength. , it has become economically extremely expensive,
It turned out to be impractical.

This invention has been developed through continued research and development to address the drawbacks of the previous ones, and the results will be specifically explained below.

In other words, in the conventional sampling method of this type, a sample collection space was formed in advance inside the sample collection device as the sample collection part, and the sample liquid was reached while maintaining that space, so the depth As the pressure increases, the increasing hydraulic pressure acts as a strong external pressing force from the side of the outer surface of the member constituting the space of the device, and therefore,
The components must have enough bending stress to withstand the strong external pressure, and the joint structure between the components also requires a highly sophisticated design in terms of strength and airtightness. It was supposed to be.

Therefore, in this invention, we depart from the previous method of incorporating a sample collection space into the sample collection device in advance, and instead collect the sample liquid in a predetermined sample liquid collection layer, and The liquid pressure is distributed substantially evenly over the entire surface, and the liquid pressure borne by each component is reduced by forming compartments without changing the liquid pressure distribution at the position where the sample liquid is to be collected. In the case where the pressure is to be treated simply by using the compressive stress of each component, first, in the first step, the pair. At least a pair of sliding partitions 1, 1'' with their facing surfaces abutting each other and in physical contact are housed inside a cylindrical outer cylinder 2 with both ends substantially open. The sample collection devices X, each made of a solid material, are gradually lowered into the desired liquid and positioned at a predetermined sample liquid collection layer.

In this process, each of the component members 1, 1'' and 2 of the device is in a state where each surface, excluding the surfaces where the component members contact each other, is in direct contact with the surrounding liquid and receives liquid pressure almost equally. Furthermore, since the contact surfaces of the constituent members that are in contact with each other are also in physical contact with each other and there is virtually no space, the compressive stress of each constituent member is balanced. As a result, the stress distribution becomes as if it were in an integral component, and therefore, this part can be considered to be in a state where the liquid pressure is applied almost equally, just like the surface that was in direct contact with the liquid. Each member 1, 1'' or 2 constituting the device receives a substantially uniform pressure over its entire surface, and it is sufficient to counter the balanced external force only with the compressive stress of each component. In the state in which the sliding partition bodies 1 and 1'' housed in the case cylinder 2 are fixed at a predetermined position in the first process, one of the sliding partition bodies 1 and 1'' housed in the case cylinder 2 is moved to the outer cylinder body 2 in the second process. The sliding partition body 1 is moved in parallel in the axial direction of the sliding partition body 1, and the surrounding sample liquid W is simultaneously moved in parallel during this translation process (i.e., without forming a space), and the sliding partition body 1 remains in its original position. The sliding compartment 1'' is moved into a compartment 3 surrounded by the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 2 around it. At this time, the pressure received by each component 1, 1'' or 2 is as follows: At the same time as the sliding partition 1 starts to move in parallel, the liquid W in the surrounding sample liquid collection layer, which had no room to enter until then,
For example, as a result of the sample liquid W moving in through the through hole 4 provided in the outer cylinder 2, the sample liquid W that has moved in has exactly the same liquid pressure as the surrounding liquid W, so this process The distribution of hydraulic pressure to each of the structural members 1, 1'', and 2 in this step is approximately uniform, just as in the first step. In this way, while the sample liquid W is being moved into the compartment chamber 3, the part where the sample liquid w previously entered is hidden in the third step, and the sample liquid W is substantially sealed in the compartment chamber 3. shall be.

Even in this process, the sample liquid W substantially sealed in the compartment 3 remains at exactly the same liquid pressure as the surrounding liquid W, so the liquid pressure distribution to each component 1, 1'' or 2 is The situation continues to be the same as in the first and second steps above.After completing this third step, when the device The device X is recovered with W still sealed, and the sample liquid W can be collected.

At this time, the liquid pressure distribution situation will be such that the surrounding liquid W will be in a reduced pressure state as the device is gradually pulled up, and the liquid pressure will be different from the liquid pressure of the sample liquid W sealed in the compartment 3.
This differential pressure is applied equally to the sliding compartments 1, 1" and the outer cylinder 2 forming the compartment 3, and the sliding compartments 1, 1"
This can be sufficiently handled by appropriately selecting the locking means or the shape of the outer cylinder 2.

It is conceivable that part of the sample liquid W leaks outward from the compartment 3 which is in a substantially sealed state due to the pressure relationship in this process, but even in this case, there is only one-way flow from the compartment 3 to the outside. Therefore, it is possible to completely prevent liquid from entering the compartment 3 in an undesired layer, and the value of the sample liquid W is not lowered. In addition, in the sample collection method according to the first to fourth steps described above, a means for causing the device The means for moving the sample liquid W into the chamber 3 and concealing it can be sufficiently implemented by selecting appropriate conventional technical means, and are not limited to special means. To explain the most basic equipment used in this method of collecting samples in high to low pressure liquids, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, it is a cylindrical device that is substantially open at both ends. At least one through hole 4 communicating with the inside and outside of the outer cylinder 2 is formed at a required location of the formed outer cylinder 2.

(If two or more are formed, they must be located on a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the outer cylinder 5.) Then, the internal space of the outer cylinder 2 is substantially filled inside the outer cylinder 2. At least a pair of sliding partitions 1, 1'' are fitted and inserted into the outer cylindrical body 2. The opposing surfaces are brought into contact with each other so that the entire surfaces of both surfaces are in physical contact with substantially no gap between them. (
In the drawings, it is shown as if there is a gap. )
Then, with the sliding partition bodies 1 and 1'' combined in this relationship, the sliding partition body 1, which first moves in parallel along the axis of the outer cylinder body 2, is provided on the previous outer cylinder body 2. The positions of the sliding partition group 1, 1'' and the outer cylinder 2 are determined so that the through hole 4 is hidden in a positional relationship, and after the sliding partition 1 has moved in parallel a predetermined distance, the other The sliding compartment 1'' moves in parallel with the previous sliding compartment 1 while maintaining the predetermined distance, and as a result, the delayed sliding compartment 1'' moves the sliding compartment 1'' to the previous outer cylinder 2. There is a sample collecting device which restricts mutual parallel movement of the sliding partition bodies 1, 1'' so as to hide the provided through-hole 4. Note that 21 indicates the sliding partition group 1, 1'' by connecting it to the outer cylindrical body. This is a guiding partition formed integrally with the outer cylindrical body 2, which guides the through hole 4 so that the through hole 4 can be accurately hidden by the sliding partition 1 that operates first when the housing is housed in the outer cylindrical body 2. , 22 are regulating partition walls that accurately hide the through hole 4 after the subsequent sliding partition body 1'' is activated.

The parallel movement of these sliding partitions 1, 1'' in a regulated manner is possible because one end is connected to the driving source M.
A shaft 1 is integrally formed above and below the sliding partition body 1 and has a stopper 12 on the other end side.
It is 1. In addition, the example of the drive source M is a high-pressure seal in which the AC motor m is completely immersed in low-viscosity insulating oil I without forming a space inside, and the periphery is surrounded by an internal and external pressure communication membrane B. This is an example of a drive source that does not require a drive source, and is the most suitable drive source for this device, but it is not limited to this example, and any drive source can be used depending on the application. Of course.

Furthermore, in the figure, 23 is the sliding partition body 1 that first moves in parallel.
This figure shows an escape hole for liquid W'' mixed into the outer cylinder body 2 which is expelled when the liquid moves a predetermined distance.Such escape holes are provided at appropriate locations to substantially eliminate the Both ends may be equally open, or the upper end of the outer cylindrical body 2 (not shown in the figure) may actually be open, and the technical solution can be selected as appropriate.

In addition, although not shown in the drawings, air that may be enclosed when the liquid is introduced into the liquid surface is discharged near the lower surface of the guide partition 21 on the lower end side of the outer cylinder 2. An appropriate escape hole is formed to facilitate the movement of the liquid W during sedimentation and reduce resistance, and furthermore, the sample liquid W is taken out into the outer cylinder 2 at a location corresponding to the compartment 3. Providing an extraction hole with a stopper for this purpose is also a technical means that can be adopted as required.

An explanation of the sample collecting device X having the above-mentioned configuration according to the sample collecting method of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4 and subsequent figures.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a situation in which the device is captured from the second stage to the beginning of the third stage in the sample collection method of the present invention, in which the sliding compartment body 1 is activated first in the second stage.
As a result, the stopper 12 attached to the lower end side of the shaft 11 is moved upwardly by the operation of the shaft 11 linked to the drive source M, thereby moving it parallelly along the axis of the outer cylinder 2. The sliding partition body 1'' abuts against the body 1''
It has just started to move in parallel while maintaining the sliding partition body 1 at a predetermined distance from the previous sliding partition body 1.

In this process, the sample liquid W moves as shown by the arrow through the through hole 4 into the compartment 3 divided by each sliding compartment 1, 1'' or the outer cylinder 2, and the sample liquid W moves as shown by the arrow. The pressure-receiving state as described above is realized in the members 1, 1'', 2, etc., and each component maintains its shape in the same state as usual only by its compressive stress.

FIG. 5 illustrates the state of the apparatus after completing the third step of the sample collection method of the present invention, as a result of the parallel movement of each sliding partition body 1, 1'' at a predetermined interval. , the later (lower in the drawing) sliding compartment 1″ is connected to the through hole 4.
, and the sample liquid W in the compartment 3 indicated by the broken line is substantially sealed.

Even in this state, as described above, the pressure received by each component is such that the hydraulic pressure is distributed approximately evenly over the entire surface and is in equilibrium with the compressive stress of each component.

When the apparatus X is recovered in this manner, the sample liquid W in the desired layer is collected. In addition, in the embodiments described above, a pair of sliding compartments has been explained, but an almost similar mechanism can be used to construct one that consists of more than one pair and is operated in stages at each depth. This can be achieved by forming it in multiple stages.
Ru.

Also, one of the pair of sliding compartments (i.e., the latter one and the lower one in the drawing) is formed integrally with the outer cylinder 2 and is fixed, and the through hole 4 is formed by other suitable means, e.g. , a method in which the specimen is concealed using a check valve or the like is also included in the sample collection method of the present invention.

Furthermore, although not shown, the close contact means between the outer cylinder 2 and the sliding partitions 1, 1'' can be further improved by interposing an intermediate member such as a piston ring between the two. If carried out in such a way as to increase the amount of water, the sample liquid can be collected more efficiently.

As described above, according to the method and apparatus for collecting samples in high to low pressure liquids of the present invention, it is possible to use not only steel but also other materials that are dense and have excellent compressive strength. Furthermore, since it does not require particularly thick materials and its construction is extremely simple, it is easier to manufacture and handle than previous products. However, it must be mentioned that a particularly important effect is that it becomes virtually possible to collect sample liquid at all conceivable depths at present.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one typical embodiment for explaining the sample collection method according to the present invention and the apparatus used therein, and FIG. 1 sequentially illustrates each step of the sample collection method. , Figures 2 and 3 are partially omitted cross-sectional views of the apparatus used in the sample collection method and explanatory diagrams showing how the apparatus is used, and Figures 4 and 5 are diagrams showing the operating process of the apparatus. FIG.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In the process of collecting a sample liquid in a desired high to low pressure liquid in the following first to fourth processes, at least the entire surface of each component of the sample collecting device in the first to third processes is A method for collecting a sample in a high to low pressure liquid in which the liquid pressure is substantially evenly distributed. First step: at least a pair of sliding compartments whose opposing surfaces are in contact with each other, and a cylindrical outer cylinder that accommodates the sliding compartments and has both ends equally open. A sample collecting device made of a solid material is gradually lowered into the desired liquid, and is positioned at a predetermined sample liquid collecting layer in such a way that the liquid is constantly in contact with the inside and outside of the outer cylinder during this sedimentation process. Second step: By moving at least one sliding section of the sample collecting device positioned at a predetermined depth in the first step in parallel by a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the outer cylinder, the sliding sections are moved toward each other and the outer cylinder. The liquid in the sample liquid collection layer is moved into the compartment formed by the body. Third step: By moving the pair of sliding compartments in parallel while keeping the sample liquid contained in the compartment and separated by a predetermined distance, the sample liquid is substantially enclosed within the compartment. Fourth step: While the sample liquid is substantially sealed in the compartment, the sample collection device is pulled up to collect the sample liquid in the compartment. 2 At least one through hole that communicates with the inside and outside of the outer cylinder is formed at a required location in the outer cylinder, which is formed into a cylindrical shape with substantially open ends, and the same hole is formed inside the outer cylinder. In a sample collecting device comprising at least a pair of sliding compartment bodies that substantially partition an internal space of an outer cylinder and are slidable along the wall surface of the outer cylinder, and are fitted with their opposing surfaces in contact with each other. , the positions of the series of sliding compartments are regulated and arranged so that the sliding compartment to be operated first hides the through hole, and the series of sliding compartments are arranged so that the sliding compartments are arranged after the sliding compartment to be operated first. A sample collecting device for use in the method for collecting a sample in a high to low pressure liquid as set forth in claim 1, wherein the sample collecting device is connected so as to move in parallel at predetermined intervals.