JPS6043319A - Electric field forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATED The present invention relates to the use of electrical power supply systems which are buried below the earth's surface at a distance from each other and which are connected to each other via a wiring system, advantageously via an energy source. The present invention relates to a device for creating an electric field underground, comprising two electrodes.

The creation of electric fields underground has already been proposed, for example in German Patent No. 2,503,670, in which case, for example, the natural groundwater level is extremely low or the capillary action of the soil is extremely recessive. Electrodes should be embedded in the ground to intentionally control the movement of groundwater.

Furthermore, it has already been proposed to use electrodes made of tetrafluoroethylene (PTEE) filled with a conductive material that is corrosion-resistant and difficult to electrolyze.

These materials can be filled with carbon, such as synthetic carbon, graphite or casen black.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to make it possible to create a uniform electric field over a large area and, furthermore, both in active and passive operation (with or without external power supply).
The object of the present invention is to provide a device for generating an electric field of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be used.

Structure and Effects of the Invention The problems of the present invention are solved as follows. i.e. one electrode, e.g. the cathode, is buried in a soil area adjacent to the soil surface and the other electrode, e.g. the anode, is located at a relatively distant distance from the earth's surface, optionally in a deep soil area conducting water. It will be buried in

The device of the present invention has the following surprising effects. That is, by burying one electrode in a soil area adjacent to the ground surface, water can be moved by electroosmotic effects from relatively deep soil layers to the root area of plants such as trees or shrubs. It's to the point. Moreover, at the same time,
The electrophoresis and electrolysis that occur in the context of electroosmosis cause undesired metals or salts to be precipitated onto the electrode that serves as the anode, or where the metal is precipitated and bound to the electrode formed as the cathode. can be isolated from the root zone of the plant. Furthermore, a device in the form of the invention can be installed relatively easily and at low cost and can be used in a single monkey for irrigation, water acquisition or water purification. For example, an electrode adjacent to the ground surface, in particular a cathode, is embedded in the plant growth zone of the soil, preferably between the plant root tips and the ground surface. By burying the electrode in the plant growth area of the earth, it can be given the proper polarity, i.e., used as an anode or cathode, for growing new plants or for the health of already growing plants. In order to increase the water content in the root zone, it can be used so that the removal of salt from the plant growth zone is enhanced, without leaving the soil surface moist. That is, when arranged as in the embodiment of the present invention, moisture in the ground surface area sinks down to the area of the electrodes, so that the ground surface remains dry and free of unwanted flora, special moss formation, or phearon deposits.
In particular, snail formation on the plants is avoided.

Electrodes forming a plurality of cathodes extending parallel to each other are buried in the plant growth region of the soil, with each cathode being connected via a wiring system to a relatively deep, preferably soil region. , for example to an anode arranged in a well.

This results in the formation of electric fields that run directly next to each other in a plurality of planes, resulting in an enhanced transport of water from deep-seated soil layers that conduct groundwater to the plant growth area. This also makes it possible to increase the moisture content of the soil area located between the electrodes. At the same time, it is possible to separate the salt from the plant growth area by burying the anode in a relatively deep soil area.
Wear.

Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrode forming the cathode is placed approximately 20 mm below the ground surface in a flower bed or vegetable nursery.
It is also possible to provide an energy source buried at a spacing of 40 to 40 ffi and generating a voltage of 6 μm and a current of about 50 mA between the anode and cathode. This ensures sufficient water transport from the deeper water-conducting soil layers to the plant growth area. At the same time, surface water is prevented from accumulating and leaving the ground moist and wet, thereby eliminating harmful effects such as snail development and moss formation. Furthermore, nutrients are ensured for the plant in the root zone.

This is because the nutrients cannot sink below the electrode.

Within the scope of the invention, it is also possible to bury the electrodes forming the cathode at intervals below the ground surface, so that soil regions located in between receive and extract moisture from the ground surface. By intentionally burying the cathode in this way, the device of the present invention can be adapted to different amounts of water delivered to the earth's surface, so that in any case it is possible to bury the cathode according to embodiments of the present invention. Moisture accumulates above the electrodes, which prevents the ground surface from remaining damp.

Furthermore, it is advantageous to bury a drainage pipe between the cathode and the anode, which is buried in a relatively deep soil area, preferably close to the cathode. In this type of burial, the advantageous effects of electroosmotic water transport using the device of the invention can also be utilized for obtaining potable water or fresh water in soil areas with contaminated water, e.g. salt water or brackish water. can be used.

The electrode forming the cathode is buried in the root area and selectively anode or the electrode forming the cathode is buried relatively deep in the soil area close to the root tip and the electrode forming the anode is buried deeper. Particularly advantageous are also embodiments of the invention which are intended to be buried, especially in soil areas that conduct water.

Using an electrode buried in a soil area close to the root tip as an anode, negatively charged salt residues are exported from the plant growth area to the area below the root. The metal ions are precipitated on the electrode, which is connected as a cathode, in the root region. Due to the formation of a strong electric field in the plant growth region, the removal of this salt takes place very quickly, so that within a short time , effective soil improvement can be carried out to facilitate the cultivation of new plants or the health of already growing plants. If we then connect the two electrodes belonging to the root region and use them as cathodes, the salts that were originally precipitated below the roots will migrate to the deep anode region, so that the roots of the plant will become even more concentrated. Once grown, this salt residue is unlikely to have a detrimental effect on the growth of new plants. Therefore, this device is useful for plant cultivation in dry areas with high salt content, for the health of dry coastal areas, and for the health of roadsides. It can be advantageously used for removing.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the electrodes, in particular the cathodes, are each formed from a plurality of substantially parallel and closely extending distribution lines, the distribution lines having a macromolecular structure. conductive synthetic resins in the form of curable resins;
For example, it has a conductor made of acrylate with an at least partially polymerized polymer or, in particular, made of metal and plated with silver, the conductor being embedded in an electrically conductive synthetic material. ing. By burying multiple distribution lines that run closely in parallel with each other in this way, a uniform electric field is formed over a large area, and the size of the electric field is such that even at high current strengths, microorganisms in the roots or soil can be It cannot be harmed or destroyed. At the same time, the use of electrically conductive synthetic materials to embed the conductors of power distribution lines in order to manufacture them creates a chemically and biologically resistant cathode. This copper is not susceptible to corrosion by chemical products dissolved in the soil or by electrolysis. This is because the acrylates formed by macromolecular structures or polymerized polymers cause a negligible potential difference with respect to noble metals, such as silver, to reduce the embedded metal even during the infiltration of chemically aggressive substances of this type. Theal because the corrosive action on the parts is prevented. In particular, the synthetic material is highly elastic and indestructible, resulting in an almost failure-free lifetime for this type of electrode.

Furthermore, the electrode, in particular the cathode, is formed by a mesh, the fibers of which are made of an electrically conductive synthetic material, such as polyamide,
consisting of metal fibers embedded in an electrically conductive synthetic material formed in the form of an acrylic, polyester or a thermoset resin having a macromolecular structure, preferably coated with silver, and There is also an embodiment of the invention in which the mesh is connected to the power distribution system and to another electrode via a feed line, which may also be constituted by a reticular fiber containing precious metals or carbon and embedded with carbon or metal fibers. It's advantageous.

The use of electrodes configured as meshes provides a number of advantages in connection with the device of the invention. for example,
Meticules can be formed over large areas underground, without disturbing plant growth, especially root formation. This is because roots can grow through the mesh.

At the same time, it becomes effective in transporting nutrients and moisture. This is because this exchange can take place through the grid and, moreover, there is a large area on which salts can precipitate if harmful metal ions or electrodes are used as anodes. Furthermore, this type of mesh type electrode has the following characteristics. That is, the mechanical strength is high, and even if one fiber of the mesh is ruptured, for example, the electric field is not interrupted due to the network-like bonding of the individual fibers, and the ruptured area is naturally bridged. This point is particularly important when this type of electrode is implanted in a plant growth area. This is because the overlying soil layer, i.e. the plant area, is often subjected to mechanical work and the electric field formation can be maintained even under such loads. It is advantageous to embed a highly conductive material in the mesh as a power supply line, since this allows external energy to be transmitted to the mesh from within. The small electrochemical potential difference prevents corrosion of the metal parts even if chemically aggressive substances penetrate through the synthetic material. At the same time, the use of silver makes it possible to obtain valuable high-grade electrodes that guarantee the continued functioning of the device when a loss of external voltage occurs, both in passive operation and above all in actively operated devices. can.

Furthermore, according to embodiments of the invention it is also possible that the electrically conductive synthetic material surrounding the conductor or the carbon or metal fibers or forming the mesh is a synthetic resin dispersion or a synthetic resin melt. Alternatively, synthetic resins with metal or metalloid compounds or dissolved substances of these compounds are mixed in large quantities, so that most of the metal or metalloid atoms reach the synthetic resin molecules, and the synthetic material is mixed and reduced. After the addition of the agent, the ions formed or still present are grown into a dispersion containing metal or metalloid atoms or by the well-known thermal decomposition.
The melt or the granules with graphite or carbon blanks are admixed and further processed, preferably with the addition of an amount of graphite powder to the electrically conductive synthetic material in relation to the synthetic material. has been done. By using carbon additives in the electrically conductive synthetic material, this electrode forms a negative pole, i.e. a cathode, regardless of whether external energy is supplied or not; this action then
Passive operation is further enhanced when the anode is made of cheaper material compared to this electrode. This results in
The device can be operated by an external energy supply for the duration of the action of solar energy via solar cells, for example during periods when the plants require relatively large amounts of water, and - when the demand for power water is relatively low. During certain nighttime periods the device can continue to operate in passive operation without interruption and without external energy supply.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the surface of the mensch or distribution line is sticky and roughened, so that metal ions can adhere to it. This is because the metal ions are thereby extracted directly from the soil and can no longer be run off even in the presence of relatively strong water flows in the soil.

It is also advantageous to adapt the mesh width to the density or thickness of the roots and to use meshes with relatively large mesh widths for relatively large plants such as shrubs and trees.

This makes it possible to make the electrodes universally adaptable to different uses and to ensure perfect positioning and operation.

Furthermore, an energy source, for example a solar cell, or an energy storage element, for example a solar cell, can be provided in the wiring system between cathode and anode. This makes it possible to operate the device with an external energy supply based on the use of solar energy, which is usually sufficient in areas requiring irrigation, without the need for additional energy generators. and then during times when relatively little moisture is required, for example at night, the device can continue to be operated by external voltage in passive operation or in damped operation with the insertion of an energy storage element, e.g. can.

According to the invention, the electrodes have high conductance and high conductance.

It has a low contact resistance and can advantageously be formed by a carbon electrode, for example a carbon-filled synthetic material. Electrodes with high conductance and low contact resistance make it possible to: That is, the surrounding soil layer for generating the electric field is connected to the entire soil layer via the moisture and acts as an anode, especially when the electrode in the moisture-conducting soil layer is used as a positive electrode.

However, it is also advantageous to form the electrodes from electrically conductive synthetic materials or from metal rods coated with synthetic materials or the like. This is because in this case the durability of the device can be increased.

Also advantageous within the scope of the invention are methods for increasing the moisture content of soil using the device according to the invention based on electroosmotic processes.

This method has the following features. That is, a conductive mesh is buried as a cathode in the vegetative growth area of the soil below the earth's surface, and this mesh is connected via a wiring system to a positive electrode buried relatively deep, preferably in a water-conducting soil area. the positive electrode is connected to a relatively deep soil area via moisture and forms an anode, on the basis of which an electrical circuit formed across the electric field is actuated by a specific potential difference or an external voltage, and increases the water content in the plant growth zone of the soil and displaces the anode in the direction of the cathode due to the rising water due to electroosmotic effects. With such an arrangement, water rises due to electroosmotic effects from relatively deep layers into the plant growth area, ie into the area where the electrodes used as cathodes are embedded. This increases the water content in the area of plant growth, i.e. in the root zone. At the same time, the water can be additionally purified by the electrophoretic effect as it passes through special soil layers as it rises. According to an embodiment of the method of the invention, the mesh or lattice with a large mesh for passage of the roots as a cathode is buried at such a depth that the ground surface is practically kept dry; This prevents undesirable flora such as moss and harmful pheasants such as snails from forming or spreading on the ground surface.O Soil areas that conduct groundwater or seawater and intervening soil areas that are permeable to water. , for example in areas with a sedimentary layer, at or above the sedimentary layer, a negative electrode, preferably a mesh, together with a drainage pipe laid underneath or coated with an electrically conductive synthetic material. Particularly advantageous are embodiments of the invention which are connected via a positive electrode to a soil area which is buried and conducts water as an anode.

However, the salty water that usually exists in this area is
During its ascent through the various soil layers, the electrophoresis that occurs on the basis of electric fields, especially during the operation of the electrodes, purifies it, i.e. removes harmful impurities, especially salts, so that the water obtained in the drain is drinkable. This method can be used very economically if a drain pipe is used which is coated as a zero electrode, which can be used as a zero electrode. This is because the necessary tubes as well as the necessary electrodes are buried at the same time in the same working process.

Finally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the following can also be done. That is, first, an electric field is formed between a positive electrode buried in the soil area below the roots and a negative electrode buried between the root tip and the soil surface, and subsequently in a relatively deep, especially water-conducting soil. The region is activated via a positive electrode as an anode and connected to a negative potential and forms a connection with two electrodes embedded in the root region, preferably connecting the two negative electrodes to each other. . By using this method, the proportion of heavy metals in the soil can be reduced, since salts are electrochemically deposited on the positive electrode (anode) and on the negative electrode, in which corresponding ions are embedded. This makes it possible to grow plants in highly arid areas and arid areas with high salt content, as well as to remove salt from areas of land contaminated with salt, such as roadsides, so that the growth course of the plants is reduced. , become even more effective.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the apparatus of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, cross-sections of various soil layers of a soil 1, for example earth, are illustrated. In the plant growth area 2 below the ground surface 3 a humic herb is provided. From this humus, trees5
, shrubs 6, flowers 7 and canola 8 absorb nutrients through their roots 9 to 12. Below this plant growth area 2 there is a soil area 13 made of a sandy material that is highly permeable to water, and a soil area 14 that conducts water underneath. The height of the water conducting layer can be seen based on the height of the water surface 15 of the well 16. In order to prevent surface water from immediately penetrating through the sandy soil area 13 located below the plant growth area 2, or to direct moisture accumulated in the soil area 14 to the roots 9 to 12 in the plant growth area 2. A device 17 is provided for creating an electric field 18, illustrated by electric field lines 19, so that it can be applied. This device 17
has a plurality of electrodes 21 used as cup P20.

Each of these electrodes is formed from distribution lines 22 that are adjacent to each other and extend parallel to each other. The individual cathodes 20 are connected to a wiring system 23 that connects the cup 120 to an electrode 24 buried below the water surface 15 and to which a positive potential is applied. Since the electrodes 24 have a high conductance and a low contact resistance, a good connection of the moisture accumulated in the soil area 14 is achieved. As a result, the entire moisture together with this soil layer forms an anno-P25 which is connected to a positive potential. This anode 25, when connected to the cup via the arrangement i1 system 23, is able to absorb moisture in the plant growth area 2 or by the different pH values determined by the salt content in the water-conducting soil area 14. A potential difference is formed.

This potential difference results in the formation of an electric field 18 between the individual cup 20 and the anode 25, schematically illustrated by the electric force m19. The formation of this electric field 18 produces an electroosmotic effect, whereby water 26 is transported from the soil layer 14 in the direction of the negative pole, ie the cathode 2o. This water transport caused by different polarities is indicated by arrows 27.

By virtue of the fact that the electrodes have a plurality of distribution lines 21 parallel to each other but close to each other, a strong electric field 18 with an overall low current strength is generated over a wide range, so that the tips 28 of roots 9 to 12 as well as Microbial damage in the plant growth area 2 is avoided.

In order to keep the electroosmotic effect or the strength of the electric field 18 constant at a predetermined value, it is possible to insert an energy source 29 in the wiring system. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this energy source consists of a solar cell 30 and an energy accumulator, for example a six-tube 31, which can be optionally provided in addition for night-time damping operation. However, trees 5 and shrubs 6 in flower beds or vegetable nurseries
The solar cells 30 also benefit from roasting, since it is during the period of solar irradiation that the high water demand for the flowers 7 and canola 8 occurs.

When irradiated with sunlight, the electrodes 21.24,
That is, the cathode 20 and the anode 25 are supplied with external energy, so that a significant transport of water takes place in the direction of the arrow 27, ie towards the roots 9 to 12.

However, at the same time, by burying the cathode 20, it is possible to prevent surface water from sinking into the soil area 13 too quickly after precipitation. This is because the cathode 20 is anno-P25.
Together with this, they form a so-called horizontal rear, which prevents the transport of water in the direction opposite to the arrow. However, the fertilizer mixed into the ground surface 3 is thereby retained together with the moisture in the plant growth area, so that the roots 9 to 12 are sufficiently supplied with nutrients. This results in faster plant growth and larger harvests and reduces the need for water from the ground.

In this case, if the electrodes 20 are buried in the flower bed at a distance of about 20 to 4 degrees 34 below the ground surface 3, the top soil on the ground surface can be kept dry and the roots can be It has been found to ensure sufficient moisture transport in the regions 11 and 12. In this case, it is advantageous for the energy source 29 to generate a voltage of 6 μm between the anode 25 and the cathode 20, so that a current of approximately 50 mA flows. The electric field thus created is sufficient to cause sufficient electroosmotic water transport from the soil region 14 to the plant growth region 2.

Additional advantages are obtained when the apparatus of the invention of FIG. 1 is used in greenhouses built with heat-blocking glass. The heat stored due to the high insulation effect of the heat-blocking glass naturally leads to a significant evaporation of the water supplied to the plants via the ground surface 3. This evaporation process of water does not produce cold air again, which requires a significant consumption of heating power. By the way, if the water required by plants is supplied not through the ground surface 3 but from the deep soil region 14 using the electroosmotic effect, the ground surface will remain dry and water evaporation will not occur. reduced. Since the humidity of the air in the greenhouse is significantly lower, less heating power is required and the spread of bacteria is reduced.

Furthermore, as schematically illustrated in FIG.
5 can be attached. The electrode 35, which is connected as a cup 1?36, can be connected to the wiring system 23 via a wire. This allows for simple root 9 to transport water.
It can be applied not only to the inside of the trunk, but also to the inside of the trunk to improve harvest, especially fruit cultivation.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the can 38 forming the electrode 37 is formed by a mesh 39. This mesh 39 is arranged below the ground surface 3 at a distance of zero.

The mesh 39 is located in the region of the roots 41 of the plant 42, so that nutrients or moisture are retained in the region of the roots 41 and the soil surface 3
ensure that it is dry. Keeping the ground dry prevents harmful flora and fauna from forming. In order to transport the water upwards (arrow 27) from the soil area 14 to the plant growth area 2, the electrode 38 is connected to the wiring system 2.
3 to an electrode 43, for example a carbon-filled synthetic electrode. For an electrode 43 of this type, it is important that it has a high conductance and a low contact resistance, especially when the electrode is connected to a positive potential. If this precondition is fulfilled, a good connection formation of the soil layer 14 conducting the surrounding water takes place, so that the entire soil layer 14 is anno-y++
Acts as. An electric field is therefore formed between the soil layer 14 used as anode 44 and the mesh 39, which results in a spread of the electric field over a large area and a correspondingly strong electric field action.

When starting a device 45 of this type, the cathode 38 or anode 44 is connected via an energy source 29, which can be formed by a power supply or another current generator. Soil area 14 and plant growth area 2 through which water is directed
A difference in potential naturally arises from the difference in pH value between the two.

This potential difference is caused by various salts dissolved in the water in the soil region 14 relative to the plant growth region 2.

If, at the beginning of this type of electroosmosis method, a strong electric field is created by the supply of external energy, the moisture 44 moves through the soil area 13 in the direction of the plant growth area 2 and is thereby shown by the dash-dotted line. The anode 44 is also displaced in the direction of the ground surface 3 as shown in FIG. Then, when the external voltage supply is interrupted after this starting phase, anno-1'44 and cup-1
'38 allows for strong passive actuation.

This is because the potential difference between the water and the plant growth region 2, which has a relatively high funductance, creates a strong electric field, in which a strong electric field is generated, causing an electroosmotic water transport in the direction of the roots 41 of the plant 42. Bring on the flow.

As can be seen, the cathode 38 formed as a mesh 39 has the advantage that the roots 41 of the plants 42 pass through the openings 46 of the mesh 39. Therefore, roots can grow unhindered, and heavy metal ions present in the earth are also precipitated in the large mesh 39. The delicate roots 41 are therefore not damaged by metal ions.

The width of the mesh 39 can be set in accordance with various uses in order to suit the individual plants or trees whose growth is to be promoted.

However, the surprising advantages of using this mesh as a cutter are, among others, the following points.

That is, a large-area electric field is created in which approximately uniform electrical conditions occur, so that a uniform drainage of water in the direction of arrow 27 occurs without spoiling the roots due to the significantly high current intensity.

If this device or method is used in facilities such as vegetable gardens and orchards, the amount and frequency of water supply can be reduced, and the amount of fertilization can also be reduced. 5 because the fertilizer is no longer so easily washed away from the plant growth area. Furthermore, since the corresponding ions are electrochemically deposited on the buried negative electrode, the proportion of heavy metals in the soil is also reduced. In this type of use, advantageously a relatively large mesh grid is embedded which allows the roots of the cultivated plants to pass through. The position of the buried grid relative to the ground surface has a similarly significant effect. An effective burial depth can ensure that the ground surface stays virtually dry. This prevents unwanted flora and special moss from growing on the ground surface. The spread of harmful fauna, such as snails, on the ground is also reduced.

The experiments described below demonstrate particular embodiments of the invention, ie, the method and use of the method and apparatus. In this case, of course, only a few of such embodiments will be described.

In the greenhouse of the city garden in Central Europe, two flowerbeds for cut flowers were fitted with one or two electrodes of dimensions 4.5 x 1 m, formed by a mesh or lattice, with a depth of 3 C) cm. was buried at. This grid is
Perishable synthetic resin with a layer of electrically conductive material - one of copper phosphate phosphate, flexible and silver-plated, made of supporting material and centrally conducts the current It has multiple strips.

Two ground wires on the walls of the wet room were used as anodes.

Without external voltage, the current circuit connected using a Litz wire showed a voltage of 0.6 V and a current intensity of 3.2 mA.

The current intensity rose to 101 mA when an external voltage of 6 µm was applied.

The experiment was carried out with a voltage of 6v. In this case, the seedbeds treated using the method of the invention practically did not require any further watering or fertilization, and this continued for about 6 months.

Even before connecting the buried grid to the earth wire, it was possible to confirm a significantly effective influence of the grid. When the seedbed is watered after the lattice is buried, the seedbed with the lattice will
It showed the ability to hold at least twice as much water as a non-gridded nursery. Through the lattice, the seedbed remained moist for significantly longer than in the nursery area where the lattice was not buried.

Furthermore, there are two islands in the Pacific Ocean, ζ Lang Cohon P (Baranc).
.

-Hondo).

A grid electrode measuring 4.7 m x 46 cm was buried at a depth of 24 cnl and connected to a water pipe as earth in a zoo with relatively dry and therefore well-conducting soil. The electrical values were 0.6 V, 2.2 mA without external voltage.

When an external voltage of 6 cm was applied, the output was 22 mA after starting, and 48 mA after 24 hours.

Again, it was shown that the trellised ridges of the garden needed to be watered only very infrequently. The flowers in that ridge were still fresh, even if the owner (manager) of the farm had been away for a long time, while the same flowers about 1 meter away from the lattice had been severely damaged by drying out. .

FIG. 3 shows a device for acquiring water and at the same time watering plants. This device 47 has an electrode 49 formed by a carbon rod 48 in a relatively deep, water-conducting soil region 14, by which a positive potential is applied to the water in the soil region 14, so that this soil region The entire 14 acts as an anode 5o. Electrodes 51 and 52 are buried below the ground surface 3.

Electrode 51 is formed by an electrically conductive synthetic material 54 covering mesh 53 or drain pipe 55, as further explained in more detail in FIG. This mesh 5
A drain pipe 56 is also buried under the pipe 3. Since the electrodes 51 and 52 used as the cathode 157 are connected to the anode r50 via the wiring system 23, the anode 51.
An electric field is formed between 0 and the cutter 57, causing a current to flow and thus water to be transported from the soil layer 14 in the direction of the drain pipe 55 or 56 as indicated by the arrow 27. It will be done. The water rising to the soil layer 13 is partially captured by drain pipes 55,56. The remaining moisture in the soil that rises is supplied to the area of the ground surface 3 ~ or to the area of plant roots in the plant growth area 2 . This type of device 4
7 was tested on an island in the Pacific Ocean.

In a landscaping facility with relatively dry soil, meshes 53 or grids with dimensions 4 m x 46 cIIl and 3 m x 46 α, respectively, were buried in two furrows to a depth of 22 cm. The grid was connected to a steel pipe installed in the sewer. When no external voltage is applied, it is 0.55 and 4.1 mA, and when an external voltage of 6 is connected, it shows 24 mA after starting and 41 mA after 2 hours.
% It showed 56 mA after 6 hours.

In this case as well, the effect of the buried mesh was clear. Cultivation in this ridge did not require much watering and generally gave a fresher appearance.

Subsequently, a drainage pipe made of synthetic material with a diameter of 5 cIrL was buried below the 3 m long ridge. Since this landscaping facility is located approximately 15 meters from the coast, it can be assumed that at least a portion of the water-conducting layer below the experimental area contains seawater. By the way, clear water was captured in the drain pipe, and in fact, when I drank it, I did not feel that it contained salt.

The reason why the seawater trapped in the drain pipe 5 or 56 does not leave a feeling of containing salt when drunk is that negatively charged particles move to the anode 5o due to electroosmosis. Since salts are formed from positively charged metal ions and negatively charged "salt residues", differently charged particles are separated and negatively charged particles, i.e. α, NO3
Also, "salt residues" such as CH3, PO2 and HCO3 migrate to the anode and are precipitated there.

FIG. 4 shows a device 58 which is used to remove salts from the soil 1, in particular from the plant growth area 2. As shown in FIG. For this purpose, an electrode 61 is formed between the root tip 59 and the ground surface 3 in the plant growth area 2.
is buried. Another electrode 62, also made of medullary material, is buried below the root tip 59. However, in the plant growth area, there are heavy metals 63 and salts 64 as shown schematically. This is especially common in the edge areas or central areas of busy roads due to salt scattering or precipitation of motor vehicle exhaust gases. However, if the electrode 62 is connected to the positive potential of an energy source, for example a power source 65, and the electrode 65 is likewise connected to its negative potential, electroosmosis or electrolysis takes place. positive metal atoms, i.e. for example K scu sPb XNa and C
A cation 66 such as a eventually migrates to an electrode 61 connected to a negative potential and is precipitated into a medullary membrane forming this electrode 61 as shown schematically.

In contrast, negatively charged salt residues, such as α-1N03-1Po46-1so42-11 (C
Anions such as O3-1C○0-1○H- and CH3- and hydroxide ions are found in relatively deep soil regions 1
in the direction of 3 to the electrode 62 which is connected to a positive potential and is deposited there.

The strong electric field created between the two electrodes 61, 62 desalinates this soil area in a short time. This is because salt moves into relatively deep soil layers. At the same time, the heavy metals are deposited on the electrode 61 and are precipitated there in a corresponding configuration of the metallurgy, so that there is no longer any risk of the heavy metals dissolving.

Following these soil health measures, an electrode 68 is buried in the relatively deep soil layer 14, as shown by the dashed line, for plant health or new cultivation. is connected to a positive potential. The two electrodes 61, 62 are then connected to a negative potential and both are used as electrodes. In this case, the electrodes 61 and 6 are preferably
The two gratings 60 of 2 are interconnected via a connecting line 69, also shown in dash-dotted lines, so that the side gratings are at the same potential. This prevents electrochemical contamination due to a difference in pH values in the regions of the two electrodes 61 and 62.

After the introduction of the electrode 68 and the connection of the water-conducting soil region 14 as an anode 70, the anions 67, i.e. the 6-salt residues''', which were originally precipitated in the area of the electrode 62, are located even deeper. It is precipitated in the area of soil layer 14.

In this way the salt residues are completely isolated from the plant growth area.

At the same time, if you use the device in the above format, the tip of the root 5
The water transport in the direction 9 takes place in an enhanced manner, so that after the health of the plant growth area 2 the growth of the plants is accelerated or new plants can be grown in a short-term indirect manner.

This type of arrangement of the electrodes and the operation of the device according to the method of the invention makes it possible to
Plants can be cultivated in coastal high arid areas such as Germany (in Germany), as well as in arid areas with high levels of salt, or where sprayed salts are precipitated and severely damaged.
It is possible to improve the health of plant cultivation in roadside areas or to remove the harmful effects of salt and re-establish it.

FIG. 5 shows a mesh 39 forming a cathode 38 and connected to an electrode 43 via a wiring system 23, for example an energy source 29. The electrode 43 can alternatively be formed by a metal rod 71 in the embodiment shown in FIG. This metal rod is surrounded by an electrically conductive synthetic material 72.

The mesh 39 consists of 73.74 individual fibers.

These fibers simultaneously form the distribution line 21. These fibers can be formed from an electrically conductive synthetic resin 75 formed in the form of a thermosetting resin with a macromolecular structure and consisting, for example, of acrylate with an at least partially polymerized polymer. In this synthetic substance 75,
Fibers 76 made of carzene or fibers 77 preferably made of metal with a silver layer 78 can be embedded. These fibers 76 , 77 are embedded to increase the conductance at least in the feed line 79 connecting the mesh 39 to the wiring system 23 .

Of course, to form the fibers 73-74 of the mesh 39, the casen and metal fibers 76, 77 can be prepared, for example from polyamide 1 acrylic, as schematically illustrated in FIG.
It can also be embedded in any synthetic material such as polyester. In this case, as shown schematically in a portion of the mesh 39, the mesh is embedded in an electrically conductive synthetic material. This configuration of the mesh not only provides good electrical conductivity over a large area, but also creates a structure with high mechanical strength, which can be used when embedded in a plant area or soil layer, even when driven by cultivating machinery, etc. There is no risk of damage or destruction.

FIG. 6 shows a distribution line 21 with a conductor 8o made of a metal 81 or a carzene fiber, which is assembled from a solid material or from a number of individual litz wires. This conductor 80 is surrounded by a silver layer 82 and embedded in a conductive material in the form of a thermosetting resin with a macromolecular structure, for example an acrylate with an at least partially polymerized polymer.

The advantages of the synthetic materials 72.75 to 78 used in the present invention are as follows. That is, these synthetic substances contain large amounts of synthetic resin dispersions, synthetic resin melts, or synthetic resins with metal or metalloid compounds, or melts of these compounds mixed together, so that the synthetic resin molecules Generally, the metal or metalloid atoms are reached and the synthetic material contains metal or metalloid atoms and therein, formed or still present, in the residue after mixing and addition of a reducing agent or by well-known thermal decomposition. The ions are grown and the dispersion, melt or granules with graphite or carbon black are mixed and further processed. Surprisingly, the use of synthetic materials of this type has a remarkable resistance to mechanical stress and thermal stress. This is because electrical conductivity is independent of floating conductor particles 84 as shown schematically on a portion of a synthetic material 83 embedded within a synthetic material, i.e. the electrical conductivity in the synthetic material. This is because the compounding takes place not via conductor particles 84, but by the deposition of silver ions in the cavities of large synthetic molecules, the semiconductor properties resulting from the reduction of the silver ions of the synthetic material. Thereby, an amount of graphite powder component of 40% in relation to the synthetic material is sufficient to tailor the properties of the electrically conductive synthetic material to the application in the distribution lines of the invention.

Details of this type of synthetic material are described in Aus) IJA Patent No. 313,588. This type of synthetic material is only resistant to chemical and electrochemical influences. It is extremely resistant to aging. This is because such synthetic materials do not contain ions and are therefore hardly altered by the action of electric current.

The synthetic materials described above can be used advantageously in connection with the various embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 and have been shown to be very advantageous in the experiments described above. Another advantage of this synthetic material is its high surface adhesion and roughened surface, so that cations separated from heavy metals or salts can adhere to the synthetic material and As they are combined, they are completely removed from the plant growth area.

Of course, within the scope of the invention, it is also possible to connect the electrodes 21 formed by the distribution lines 22 at intervals transverse to the longitudinal direction of the electrodes using spacers,
In this case, substantially uniform spacing between the power distribution lines 22 can be maintained when buried in the soil area. Moreover, a mesh-like or lattice-like arrangement also occurs in this way, with the difference that the dimensional conductive coupling occurs primarily in the longitudinal direction of the individual distribution lines. However, in this embodiment as well, lateral connections are made between the individual distribution lines 22 at predetermined relatively large intervals, so that when any of these lines is interrupted, two It is necessary to ensure that there is a Furthermore, the distribution lines or the mesh used must be extremely flexible and stress-free;
It is therefore very important to ensure that no return spring force is created when the distribution line or mesh is deformed.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the outline of the device of the present invention,
In the Go 2 map, a mesh is used as a cathode.
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view in cross-section of another embodiment of the device of the invention; FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another embodiment of the device of the invention having a plurality of electrodes; FIG.
6 is a schematic perspective view showing one embodiment of an electrode used in the device of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of a distribution line constructed according to the present invention. 21.37, 51, 52, 61.62/24°43.4
9.68... Electrode, 20,38.57... Ka-Y
, 25.44.50.70...Ano-P11...Soil, 2...Plant growth area, 3...Ground surface, 5.6.
7,8.42...Plant, 13...Soil area through which water permeates, 14...Soil area that leads to water, 16...Well,
18... Electric field, 9-12.41... Root, 28.59
... Root tip, 22 ... Distribution line, 23 ... Wiring system, 29 ... Energy source, 39.60 ... Mesh,
54.72.75.83...Synthetic substances, 55,56.
... Drain pipe, 71 ... Carbon rod, 73-76 ... Fiber, 79 ... Power supply line, 80 ... Conductor, 81 ... Metal special opening aGO-43319 (14) /b 10 te = 1 mogo string day 96

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A device for forming an electric field underground, comprising two electrodes buried below the earth's surface at a distance from each other and interconnected via a wiring system. , one electrode (21°37.51.52.61.62) is buried in a soil area (2) of soil (1) adjacent to the ground surface (3), and the other electrode (24 ,43,49,68
) is buried in a deep soil region (14) at a relatively large distance from the ground surface (3). 2. Electrodes (21, 37, 61) adjacent to the ground surface (3)
However, in the plant growth area (2) of the soil (1), the plant (8
, 42), which is buried between the root tip (28, 59) and the ground surface (3). 3. Electrodes (20) forming a plurality of cups 1' (20) extending in parallel to each other in the plant growth region (2) of the soil (1).
21) is buried, at which time multiple cathodes (20
) are relatively deep through the wiring system (23), respectively.
An anode (25) placed in the soil area (14) conducting water
) The electric field forming device according to claim 1 or 2, which is connected to. 4. Electrodes (21, 38) forming cathodes (20, 38)
37, 61) at intervals of about 20 to 40 crn below the ground surface (3) in flower beds or vegetable nurseries (33).
4) and anode (25,4).
4, 70) and the cathode (20, 38, 57),
4. Field-forming device according to claim 1, wherein an energy source (29) is provided which generates a voltage of 6V and a current of approximately 50mA. 5. Electrode (2) forming cathode 1 (120, 38)
1.37.61) are buried at intervals below the earth's surface (3), so that the soil areas located between them receive and derive moisture from the earth's surface (3). The electric field forming device according to any one of the ranges 1 to 4. 6. Cathode (57) and relatively deep soil area (14)
Any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a drain pipe (56, 55) is buried near the cathode (57) and the anode (50) buried in the drain pipe. The electric field forming device described in . 7. An electrode (61) forming the cathode is buried in the root area, and another electrode (62) forming the selectively anode or cathode is placed in a relatively close contact with the root tip (59). It is buried in deep soil area and the anode (
7. An electric field generating device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode (68) forming the electrode (70) is buried in a relatively deep, water-conducting soil region (14). 8. The electrodes (21) (e.g. cathodes 20) are each formed by a plurality of distribution lines (22) extending substantially parallel to each other and in close contact with each other, said distribution lines comprising macromolecular structures. It has a conductor (80) made of an electrically conductive synthetic material (83) in the form of a thermosetting resin having an electrically conductive synthetic material (83) or of metal (81) and plated with silver. 75). The electric field forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. The electrode (37) (for example cathode 38) is formed by a mesh (39, 60), the fibers (73, 74) of which are optionally made of a conductive synthetic material (75) or silver. It consists of coated cargin or metal fibers (76,7'7), which are embedded in an electrically conductive material (75) formed in the form of a thermosetting resin with a macromolecular structure. It's been a long time since I've been in the middle of a long time (
39) contains noble metals or carbon and connects the wiring system (
23) and another electrode (34). 10. Conductor (80) or carbon or metal fiber (7
6, 77) or forming a distribution line (22) or mesh (39, 60);
3,75) contains a large amount of a synthetic resin dispersion, a synthetic resin melt, or a synthetic resin containing a metal or semimetal compound, or a melt of the metal or semimetal compound, and As a result, synthetic resins - mostly metal or metalloid atoms arrive in the molecule and said synthetic material contains metal or metalloid atoms and is formed therein in the remainder after mixing and addition of a reducing agent or by well-known pyrolysis. The ions produced or still present are grown and further processed by admixing the dispersion 1, melt or granules with graphite or carbon blanks, in which case the electrically conductive synthetic material (83, 75) is 40 in relation to synthetic substances
% of graphite powder is added to the surface of the electric field forming device 11, the mesh (39, 60) or the distribution line (22) according to any one of claims 1 to 9. has an adhesive property and is roughened, and as a result, metal ions adhere to it.
12. The width of the mesh (39) is adapted to the density or thickness of the roots and is suitable for shrubs (6) and trees (5).
12. The electric field forming device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the mesh has a relatively large weave width in the case of a relatively large plant such as a plant. 13, cathode (20, 38, 57) and anode (25
, 44, , 50, 70, .), wherein the wiring system (23) is provided with an energy source (29) or an energy storage element (storage battery).
The electric field forming device according to any one of the items. 14, electrode (21, 37, 51, 52, 61, 62; 2
4.43.49.68) has a high conductance and low contact resistance and is formed by a carbon electrode.
The electric field forming device described in . 15. The electrodes (24, 43, 49, 68) consist of a metal rod (71) surrounded by a conductive synthetic material (72) or synthetic resin.
Electric field forming device 0 according to any one of items 1 to 14