JPS6029023B2 - Kuratsuchi - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a clutch that utilizes a planetary gear device that obtains decelerating and non-decelerating rotational output by switching between forward and reverse rotational directions.

There are cases where it is desired to transmit the rotation of a motor or a motor with a reduction gear by changing the reduction ratio.

To change the reduction ratio, gears with different numbers of teeth may be of the same type or provided in a gear box, and a gear with an appropriate reduction ratio may be interposed between the input and output. However, these reduction gears require an external operation such as manual operation to change the gear combination. It was not something that could be done automatically or by a function of the internal structure. Moreover, even if the reduction ratios were different, the rotation direction was the same. However, although it is necessary to be able to switch between two types of rotation speeds, the direction of rotation may be either forward or reverse. In such a case, it is convenient if the output rotation speed is also changed at the same time as the rotation direction of the prime mover is changed. This is because no clutch operation is required to change the rotation speed. The present invention was made from this point of view, and the female screw tube of the planetary gear device that selectively meshes with either the sun gear or the carrier is screwed onto the output shaft of the prime mover, so that the rotation direction of the prime mover is switched. When this occurs, the female screw rotates relative to the prime mover output shaft (male screw shaft), and its meshing partner changes from the sun gear to the carrier, or from the carrier to the sun gear. Hereinafter, the configuration, operation, and effects of the present invention will be explained with reference to drawings showing examples. Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of a clutch according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which Figure 1 shows the female thread meshing with the sun gear, and Figure 2 shows the female thread meshing with the carrier. It shows the condition.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line mm in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the female screw tube. The clutch of the present invention utilizes a planetary gear system 1 and switches the output rotation speed depending on whether the motor output is transmitted to the sun gear or the carrier.

The planetary gear device 1 has a sun gear 2 at the center, planetary gears 3, 3, . The carriers 5, 6 rotatably support the planetary gears 3, 3, . . . on planetary shafts 7. Carriers 5 and 6 are connected to the sun gear 2 on the inside,
It meshes with the outer shell internal gear 4 on the outside. The casing 8 fixes the external internal gear 4. The prime mover 9 refers to any prime mover such as a motor, internal combustion engine, or steam engine, but it is assumed that the rotation can be switched between forward and reverse directions.

The prime mover 9 may also include a suitable speed reducer. The rotational force of a prime mover or a prime mover with a speed reducer appears as much as one axis of the prime mover.

The motor shaft 10' has a male threaded portion 11 in the middle, a front large diameter portion 12 at the front end, and a rear large diameter portion 13 at the rear. Further, the tip end portion 14 of the motor shaft 10 is supported at the center of the sun gear 2 by a bearing 15 . The collar 16 prevents the inner race of the bearing 15 from coming off. A female threaded tube 17 is screwed into the male threaded portion 11 of the motor shaft 10 .

When the female screw tube 17 rotates relative to the shaft 101, the female screw tube 1
7 moves back and forth in the axial direction. A collar-shaped ratchet ring portion 18 is provided at the front end of the female threaded cylinder 17. Ratchets in forward and reverse directions are formed on the front and rear surfaces of the ratchet ring portion 18. In this example, the front is a skin ratchet 19 that transmits clockwise force, and the rear is a reverse ratchet 20 that transmits counterclockwise force.
It is becoming. A forward ratchet 1 is attached to the end face of the sun gear 2.
A sun gear ratchet 21 is formed which meshes with 9.

As shown in FIG. 1, when the female screw cylinder 17 moves forward, the forward ratchet 19 meshes with the sun gear ratchet 21. (
(FIG. 1) A carrier ratchet 22 is provided on the front surface near the center of the rear carrier 6, and a reverse ratchet 20 engages with the carrier ratchet 22 when the female screw tube 17 retreats.

(FIG. 2) A part of the casing 8 is narrowed, and a friction body 23 is provided here so as to be in contact with the female threaded cylinder 17.

This has the function of braking the female screw cylinder 17 and causing it to rotate relative to the motor shaft 10. The friction body is made of rubber, plastic, a composite thereof, etc. ○You can also use a ring. The directions of ratchets 19, 20, 21, and 22 are defined as follows. ``Regarding the normal line facing outward to the ratchet surface, if the inclined surface of the ratchet is formed in the direction of the right-hand thread, it is called a right-handed ratchet surface, and if it is formed in the direction of the left-hand thread, it is called a left-handed ratchet surface. .

”In other words, if the normal line facing outward from the ratchet surface is the Z axis, the radial direction is r, the angular direction is a (counterclockwise), and the number of ratchets is n, one of the forehead slopes is O.
It can be defined as S minus 2m/n, where the slope height Z is Z=
k8'1) If k>0, it will be called a right-handed ratchet; if k<0, it will be called a left-handed ratchet.

More generally, even if k is not a constant, the derivative (static) If is positive, it can be distinguished as dextrorotation, and if it is negative, it can be distinguished as left rotation.

Defined in this way, the four ratchets 19 to 22 always have the same turning ability.

As shown in FIG. 4, if the forward ratchet 19 is a right-handed ratchet, the other ratchets 20 to 22 are also right-handed ratchets.
What is important is that the turning ability of the ratchet and the turning ability of the female and male threaded portions of the prime mover shaft 10 and the female threaded tube 17 must be opposite. As in this example, ratchet 19-2
If 2 is dextrorotatory, the male thread 11 and female thread 17 must be left-handed threads.

Conversely, if the ratchets 19 to 22 are levorotatory, the male thread part 1
1. The female screw tube 17 must have a right-hand thread.

The operation of the above configuration will be explained.

In Fig. 1, it is assumed that the motor shaft is rotating clockwise by one angle. Since the male threaded portion 11 is a left-handed thread, it tries to push the female threaded cylinder 17 forward. Therefore, the state in which the forward ratchet 19 of the ratchet ring 18 meshes with the sun gear ratchet 21 can be maintained.

Therefore, the clockwise rotational force of the female screw cylinder 17 is directly transmitted to the sun gear. The sun gear rotates to the right. Carrier 5 shaft hole 2
An output shaft (not shown) is attached to 4, which is decelerated and rotates clockwise. The reduction ratio R is R = 22 (Zp/Zs), where the number of teeth on the sun gear is Zs and the number of teeth on the planetary gear is Zp.
■It is given by.

However, this does not create a thrust force on the sun gear 2.

A clearance of 0.3 to 0.5 is provided between the ratchets 19 and 21 to transmit rotational force but not thrust. The thrust force is completely canceled by the female screw cylinder 17 coming into strong contact with the front large sparrow portion 12 of the prime mover shaft 10.

The front and rear flaps 12 and 13 thus prevent thrust force from being generated on the sun gear and carrier.

Conversely, no thrust is generated on the prime mover 9 either. The thrust generated by the threaded surface is canceled by the front and rear large-diameter portions 12 and 13, and does not become apparent outside the combination of the motor shaft 10 and the female fly tube 17. Next, assume that the direction of rotation of the prime mover is switched.

The prime mover shaft 10 rotates counterclockwise. Since it is a left-handed thread, the strong contact pressure at the mating surfaces of the male threaded portion 11 and the female threaded tube 17 disappears. Since the pressure disappears, the frictional force is also small. A friction body 23 interposed between the casing 8 and the female screw tube 17 brakes the female screw tube 17. Then, only the motor shaft 10 rotates to the left, and the female fly tube 1
7 remains stopped. Since it is a left-handed screw, when it rotates to the left, the female screw tube 17 moves backward. Hatred Ratchet 19
detaches from the sun gear ratchet 21. Furthermore, the female screw cylinder 17 continues to retreat and eventually comes into contact with the carrier 6. The reverse ratchet 20 of the female thread 17 collides with the surface of the carrier ratchet 22. Of course, reverse ratchet 20
, the stepped portions of the carrier ratchets 22 do not necessarily coincide and overlap.

When both ratchet surfaces come into contact, if the stepped portions do not match, a strong thrust is generated at the moment of contact, so the friction body 23
The braking function of
The river follows and rotates. After a slight rotation, the steps on both ratchet surfaces will meet and stop. This time, the braking action of the carrier 6 is activated, and the female screw tube 17 is roughly pulled together.

In this way, both ratchet surfaces meet closely. Then,
The counterclockwise rotation of the prime mover shaft 10 is directly transmitted to the carriers 5 and 6, through which the output shaft (not shown) is rotated. The output shaft will continue to rotate counterclockwise without being decelerated.

(FIG. 2) When the state shown in FIG. 2 is switched to forward rotation again, the female screw cylinder 17 is stopped by the braking action of the friction body 23 and moves forward.

It then meshes with sun gear 2. In this way, if the prime mover shaft rotates in the forward direction, the output is decelerated in the forward direction, and if it rotates in the reverse direction, the output is in the opposite direction and is not decelerated.

In other words, by changing the rotation direction of the prime mover 9, the outlet rotation speed can be changed. The pitch of the threaded portion between the male threaded portion 11 and the female threaded tube 17 must be considerably large.

If the pitch is 4, the female screw tube 17 and the front and rear large diameter portions 12,
The thrust force F generated between 13 and 13 becomes large, and there is a risk that the threaded surface may become galled. If the gradient of the screw surface is Q, then the Z axis is in the wisteria direction, r is in the radial direction, and 8 is in the angular direction, then the formula of the screw can be expressed as Z Nihine nQ {3l.

If the rotational moment transmitted by the ratchet is M and the number of ratchets is n, then the thrust date is F = Jukudokoro 2
'4} mnd However, if Q is small, the thrust F will become large and the force acting on each other between the threaded surfaces will become too large.

(Here, d is the diameter of the ratchet surface.) In the above example, the prime mover shaft was a male screw, and the female screw cylinder having the ratchet ring portion 18 moved back and forth. You can also reverse this.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing such an embodiment.

The motor shaft 30 has a female threaded portion 31 near its tip, into which a male threaded shaft 32 is screwed.

At the tip of the male screw 32 is a ratchet ring 33 that forms a ratchet in forward and reverse directions. A stopper 34 is fixed to the tail of the male screw shaft 32, and a step 35 on the inner surface of the motor shaft 30
, 36. Step 35, 3
Reference numeral 6 prevents the thrust from appearing externally, and performs the same function as the taijaku parts 12 and 13 in the previous example. Furthermore, it is the same as the previous example in that the thread directions of the female thread portion 31 and the male thread 32 are contradictory to the turning ability of the ratchet.

If the ratchet is a right-handed ratchet, the screws 31 and 32 must be left-handed. In the present invention, the prime mover shaft is a male threaded portion 11 or a female threaded portion 31, and a fly member such as a female threaded cylinder 17 or a male threaded shaft 32 is screwed onto this, and the threaded member is movable back and forth.

Ratchets are formed at the front and rear of the sun gear, carrier, and screw member so that they can selectively mesh with each other. Since the direction of the thread of the screw member and the turning ability of the ratchet are opposite to each other, by switching the forward and reverse rotation of the prime mover, it is possible to automatically shift to one of the two states of deceleration and non-deceleration. No manual operation is required, the configuration is simple, and the speed can be easily changed.

This is a useful invention. In addition, in this example, the planetary gear 3 is
The outer shell internal gear 4 consists of a disk 40 and a gear part 41, and the outer shell internal gear 4 consists of a ring 42 and a gear part 43.

There is no problem even if there is no disk or ring corresponding to these pitch circles. A simple planetary gear system may also be used. Large light club 12, 13
, and steps 35 and 36 are stroke regulating mechanisms that regulate the amount of movement of the screw members (17, 32), and are necessary to suppress thrust.

In addition to this, the stroke can also be defined using a pin or the like.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a clutch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The female screw cylinder is shown meshing with the sun gear. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the same clutch, where the female thread is connected to the cap IJ.
This shows the state in which the bamboo pieces are interlocking. Figure 3 shows m- in Figure 1.
m sectional view. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the female screw shaft. FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of a clutch showing another embodiment. 1... Planetary gear device, 2
...Sun gear, 3...Planetary gear, 4.
・...Outer shell internal gear, 5, 6...Carrier, 8...
...Casing, 9...Motor, 10...
...Motor shaft, 11...Male thread, 12, 13...
...Large diameter part, 14...Bearing, 17...Female thread, 18...Fuchetto ring part 19...Forward ratchet, 20...Reverse ratchet , 21...
...Sun gear ratchet, 22...Carrier ratchet, 23...Friction body, 24...Carrier shaft hole, 30...Motor shaft, 31...Female thread part ,3
2... Male screw, 33... Ratchet ring, 35, 36... steps. Figure 5 Ship Chart N Job Figure 3 Figure 4

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A sun gear 2 having a ratchet 21, a planetary gear 3 meshing with the sun gear 2, an outer internal gear 4 fixed to a casing 8 meshing with the sun gear 2, carriers 5 and 6 that pivotally support the planetary gear 3 and having a ratchet 22. A planetary gear device 1 comprising a planetary gear device 1, and a prime mover shaft 10, 30 that transmits the rotational force of the prime mover 9 and is provided with a threaded portion.
, a threaded member 17, 32 having reverse latches 19, 20 in the order in which it is threadedly engaged with the motor shaft and alternatively meshes with the sun gear latch 21 or the carrier latch 22; and a threaded member for the motor shaft 10, 30. stroke regulation mechanisms 12, 13, 35, and 36 that define the amount of movement of the parts 17 and 32;
It is composed of a friction body 23 provided between the screw members 17, 32 and the casing 8, and the direction of the screw of the motor shaft/thread member is opposite to the turning ability of the ratchets 19, 20, 21, 22. Clutch characterized by things.