JPS60258891A - Space heating element and method of producing same element - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a space heating element, which is made of a ceramic molded body and has a heating conductor as a coating having electrical resistance on its anti-visible side, that is, the back side. and a method for manufacturing the device.

[Prior art 1] Elements for space heating are generally provided in the form of rib-like or panel-like radiators (radiators) under window openings, whereby the warmed room air rises above the window openings. Forms a warm air curtain in front of the window opening. Similarly, in the case of a Rajini attached to a wall, air flows from the floor to the ceiling of the room where it is sprouted, and the role of the heat radiated by the radiator becomes negligible. Not too much.

The conventional radiating element body provided in the chamber has a very limited radiation area in terms of position and works at high temperatures.

Another conventional technology is underfloor heating. Heating coils or electrical heating conductors containing a liquid heat transfer medium are installed within the floor pavement or under the spherulite outer covering, but installation is relatively cumbersome and expensive, and moreover, it requires relatively multiple boxes. A suitable control device is required.

Accordingly, there is a need for elements that extend individually or collectively over all or a portion of the periphery of the room itself to provide heating or retention of warmth over the entire periphery or a portion thereof.

Such indoor heating elements include, for example, ceramic molded bodies such as tiles, and are used not only in private rooms, shops, offices, etc., but also on walls, walls, etc. in sanitary facilities, gymnasiums, indoor swimming pools, etc.
Works as a lining tile for floors and large moons.

6- Federal Republic of Germany, 30! + 0 Hemmingen-Vesterfelt, Canespa of Gutenberg Sikotrase 13
In 1915, a pamphlet published by K.pa. has been done. This heated varnish layer is covered with polyurethane foam. However, this system did not become widely popular because it frequently caused localized overheating, which could be dangerous to people and property.

As a prior art, German Patent Publication No. 144097
There is also a space electric heating system based on No. 1. The device consists of a carrier part 1 with a large, smooth surface and a thin under-heating conductor extending over this surface and adhering directly to the spout. The mating part may be a ceramic or quartz glass tile with a thin adhesive heat transfer metal coating extending on the anti-visual or inner side and formed by precipitation of a chemical solution, or on the inner inner side of the front RL. It has an adhesive heat transfer coating consisting of a thin layer of aluminum.

In the case of such a space heating device, it is necessary to provide a separation means between the tile and the carrier that supports it.
- In this case, indoor air will be ventilated behind the space heating device, resulting in all the drawbacks of other space heating devices as described above. Also, the electrically resistive metal layer used has a relatively low resistance value and requires high power to obtain sufficient thermal oxidation.

German Patent Application No. 1924202 and unpublished German Patent Application No. 3325204 disclose a sheet-like electric heating device with a sheet-like carrier supporting a heating element, in which the heating element is attached to a conductive shrine. It is formed as a thin layer and applied to one side of the carrier. German patent application no. 33
Even if the conductive material is made entirely or partially of a raw conductor as described in No. 25204, the layer made of such material has reproducibility in terms of electrical resistance. I'm not going. Therefore, each piece of the heating device has a different heat capacity.

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention 1] The present invention supplies a high degree of ripeness with a small amount of electric power, can be used as a heating element for surrounding rooms, and is designed to prevent air flow from occurring in the room being heated. It is based on the objective of providing a space heating element that is not only easy to install, but is also optionally reproducible, ie exhibits a desired heat capacity ω from piece to piece.

[Means for Solving Problem E] According to the present invention, the object is to provide a heating conductor as an electrically resistive coating on the back surface of a space heating element consisting of a ceramic molded body, in which the electrically resistive coating is
This is an electrically resistive layer made of a material in which non-metallic particles with a large specific surface area and electrical conductivity that do not change substantially even at high temperatures are embedded in a carrier with low or no electrical conductivity, and the material is an electrically resistive coating. This is achieved by means of a space heating element characterized in that it has a corresponding electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity.

The non-metallic particles which have a large specific surface area, are electrically conductive 114 and whose electrical conductivity does not change substantially at high temperatures preferably consist of graphite, carbon black or mixtures thereof.

According to the present invention, the 1'6t'J 1 rope can be increased at will and can be used to cover the entire wall, ceiling, floor, etc., and the heat outlet 1 can be uniformly or divided as desired. It is possible to provide space heating cords in the form of children.

There is no air circulation in the room, and the room temperature is low enough to provide a sense of peace and tranquility, resulting in considerable energy savings.

Since the heating element is precisely reproducible with respect to heat capacity, the element can be manufactured to the required heat capacity M class. Therefore, it is possible to make the thermal radiation distribution from the lined surface as desired.

Local defects in the electrically resistive coating do not actually impede heat capacity. At best, only a slight local decrease in heat capacity10- will not cause complete damage. There is no localized overheating.

The electrically resistive coating may consist of a layer made of a non-aging synthetic resin in the form of a conductive mixture, such as a mixture with pure graphite, with a composition and/or structure such that the layer has the resistance value required for the required electrical power. It's on. The resistance value can be set from a few ohms to several ohms by varying the proportion of the conductive mixture in the electrically resistive coating or by varying the layer thickness. The layer thickness is usually between 10 and 50 microns.

For example, for a 100cm square tile, the power consumption is approximately 100W, and for a 60cm square tile it is approximately 30W.

In the case of the layers selected according to the invention, the term "non-aging" refers to stability under repeated stress up to about 100.degree.

' In another embodiment of the invention, an electrically resistive coach-in hole is constructed of a graphite 1, comprising an electrically resistive film with a polyester covering layer, a supply line and a removal line.
and/or an 81X electric bamboo middle layer, such as a carbon black layer, and a polyester bottom layer. This electrically resistive film itself is known. The supply and removal lines leading to the electrically resistive layer are generally installed in the form of conductive strips of copper. However, there are problems in using such electrically resistive films in achieving the object of the present invention. That is, since the polyester layer has poor adhesion to the electrically resistive layer, when bonding a molded object such as a ceramic tile with such an electrically resistive film on the back side to one place, for example, a plaster wall and a molded object. Even with the use of an adhesive that adheres to the back side and to the polyester layer, sufficient reliability cannot be guaranteed. On the other hand, it is recommended to use polyester as a cover and bottom layer because polyester is very non-aging. The polyester material is used as a covering layer and a bottom layer of electrically resistive film.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrically resistive layer is divided into parts on the surface, leaving uncovered regions, and the divided regions are electrically connected to each other to increase the electrical resistance. This is solved by providing localized perforations in the film in areas not covered by the electrically resistive layer.

Adhesives that can be used for this purpose are applied to stucco surfaces and ceramic surfaces, but may be used at all or without adhesion to polyester surfaces. That is, the electrically resistive layer is locally perforated with a punch or the like, and then attached to the visible side, ie, the inner surface, of the ceramic body using an adhesive that is exposed to or at least partially penetrates the perforated area.

When a ceramic molded body with such a design is attached to a plaster wall, etc. using an adhesive conventionally used to attach a ceramic molded body to a wall surface, etc., the adhesive may be buried in the perforation or come out from the perforation, causing the adhesive to fail. The ceramic compact is bonded to the substrate only locally, but sufficiently if the perforation pattern is dimensioned correctly.

Glaze (G) with electrical resistance as electrical resistance coating
1asur) is particularly advantageous.

-13= This glaze is applied after the molded body is baked, and fixed by baking the molded body again. As a glaze, the melting point is 750℃
You must choose from the following.

Higher melting points have been found to be unsuitable.

German Patent Publication No. 1924202 discloses that a conductive glaze is provided on the back side of a Hiramic molded body, but this glaze is only for removing static electricity and has a high electrical resistance. It is too thick and is not suitable for heating.

A further possibility is to provide the adhesive h1 for fixing the ceramic molded body to the carrier as the electrical resistor itself. In this case, it is possible to use two different types of adhesives, namely, the adhesive on the molded body side can be an electrically resistive material, and the adhesive on the mating part side can be an electrically insulating adhesive. can. Since these adhesives have the same thermal expansion characteristics and chemical characteristics as the
:It is particularly easy to install the electrically resistive Hiramic molded body.

14- As the material of the electrically conductive and overlying electrically resistive layer, it is preferable to use a material that exhibits a moderate responsiveness such that the current absorption of the material decreases significantly as the temperature increases upon receiving an electric current.

Contacting the electrically resistive layer is conveniently effected by means of contact elements arranged symmetrically on the opposite sides of the electrically resistive layer.

For example, the contact elements may be arranged as contact strips on two opposite sides of a square or rectangular tile. If the tile is a ceramic tile with an embossed structure on the back, it is convenient to arrange the contact element in the groove between the ridges at the two opposite ends.

The electrically conductive contact element may consist essentially of a base material of an electrically resistive layer and may be additionally embedded with particles of high electrical conductivity or the density of the electrically conductive particles may be increased to increase the electrical conductivity.

In order to finely adjust the resistance value of the electrical resistance layer of such a space heating element, the distribution of conductive particles in the electrical resistance layer may be locally concentrated. Ka, 6
１□ffff K Aゎ□ 工あいい.

This is done by reducing the layer thickness of the electrically resistive layer or by heating the electrically resistive layer.

To increase the resistance value of the electrical resistance layer, it is easy to reduce the thickness of the resistance layer by sand blasting, electrolytic erosion, brushing, etc., or to heat the resistance layer externally by applying flame, radiation, etc. be. It is also possible to carry out this by passing through the electrically resistive layer a current of considerably higher power than that applied during normal operation. By doing so, the structure of the electrically resistive layer changes and its resistance value also increases.

An embodiment will be described with reference to the attached F1 drawing.

Example 1 In FIG. 1 1 is a space heating element (in the present example in the form of a tile), on the back of which an electrically resistive layer 2 is located. - 3 and 4 are lobed contact elements attached to the electrically resistive layer by gluing or the like, and 5 and 6 are electrical supply lines.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a space heating element (in this example in the form of a tile with a relief structure on the back 21).

Turn the back part 20 to the right with the raised part 22 and groove part 23. For example, a conductive adhesive 24 is placed on the back of this tile, that is, on the side where the raised portions 22 and grooves 23 are located. A conductor 27 is provided within the groove 26 adjacent the edge 25 of the tile. Adhesive material 24
is, of course, an electrically resistive adhesive, i.e. a material with such poor electrical conductivity that the electrical energy introduced therein can be converted into thermal energy.

In FIG. 3, 31 is a space heating element, which has a tile 41, an adhesive layer 42, and an electrically resistive film 43 as shown in FIG. The electrical resistance film 43 is made of graphite or carbon black and has a polyester coating layer 46 connected to the non-visible side, that is, the inner surface 45 of the tile 41 via an adhesive layer 42, and electrical supply lines 32', 3.
Intermediate layers 43a, 43b with conductive bands 32-37 of copper having 7' at each end.

43C (Fig. 3) and an adhesive layer 5 on a supporting surface 49 such as a plaster wall.
A bottom layer 48 of polyester is applied through the polyester. In this embodiment, the electrically resistive film 43 has three intermediate layers 43a and 43b.

43c, but of course larger structures may also be used. stomach.

Intermediate layers 43a and 43b, 43b and 43c (1
) There is a region 51,52 (see Fig. 3) in which there is no electrically resistive layer material. However, the intermediate layer 43a has no conductive band 36
The intermediate layer 43c is adjacent to the conductive band 33 via the conductive band 33.
The intermediate layer 43b is adjacent to the region 52 through the conductive band 34.3.
5 adjacent to each side of the area 51.52. Layer 46.48
In the area 51.52 overlying the adhesive layer 46. ．． [
A perforation 53 is provided extending from the support surface 49 for communicating with the adhesive from the layer 50 of the support surface 49. Individual conductive bands 32~
37 can be interconnected in any suitable manner. single tile 31
Instead, there may be three tile portions corresponding to the intermediate layers 43a, 43b, and 43c, respectively.

A conductive intermediate layer or an electrically resistive layer that is divided and left uncovered may have a meandering structure, or the layer may be divided into strips or surface elements, each of which extends with H on the surface and is mutually interconnected. electrically connected or later connected. The selection of the corresponding pattern depends on local data and/or technical requirements.

18- In FIG. 5, 91 is a ceramic tile on which an electrical resistance layer 92 is provided. The thickness of the electrically resistive layer 92 is reduced by appropriate means, such as Sandplus 1-1 electroerosion, brushing, or the like. In the illustrated embodiment, this is accomplished, for example, using a rotating brush 93 to reduce the thickness to the desired thickness, as shown at 94. This will also reduce the conductivity of this layer, ie the surface resistance will increase. In this way, it is possible to finely adjust the resistance value of layer 92.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above, the present invention provides a high heat yield with a small amount of electric power, can be used as a heating element for the room surroundings, and can improve the air flow in the room being heated. The installation not only ensures that no problems occur, but is also reproducible at will, i.e.
It has the excellent effect of being able to exhibit the desired heat capacity for each piece.

Figure 1 is a rear view of the molded body as a tile containing an electrically resistive layer and a contact element, and Figure 2 is a back view of the molded body as a tile, and Figure 2 is a simple explanatory diagram of the present invention. A cross-sectional view in the case of a tile with a relief structure on the back, Figure 3 a plan view in the case of a ceramic heating element constructed as a tile and with an electrically resistive film on the back, and Figure 4 illustrating the fine adjustment of the resistance value. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a Hiramic tile with an electrically resistive layer shown for the purpose of illustration;

In the figure, 1, 31.91 is a space heating element, 3.4 is a contact element, 24 is an adhesive, 42 is a contact layer, 43 is an electrical resistance film, 43a, 43b, 43c is an intermediate layer, and 49 is a support surface. , 53 represents a perforation, and 93 represents a brush.

Special 〃" Applicant Bachtal Gesellschaft Mitsut Besikolenchterhafrang 482 M Procedural Amendment (Method) July 11, 1985 Manabu Shiga, Commissioner of the Patent Office 1, Indication of Case 1 U.S. Patent Application No. 40269 of 1985 No. 2, Name of the invention Space heating element and method for manufacturing the element 3, Relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant: Federal Republic of Germany Day = 8472 Schwarzhenfelt / Oberpearz (no street address) Blachtal Geselschaf 1~ Mitsu 1 ~ Bessyulenctor Hafrang 4, Agent 1-5, 3-5-3 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Date of amendment order: June 10, 1985 (Shipping date: June 25, 1985) 6.
In column 7 of the brief explanation of the drawings of the specification subject to amendment, and line 6 of page 20 of the amendment in the column of brief explanation of the drawings of the specification of the contents of the amendment, ``Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view of Figure 3, and Figure 5 is the resistance value.''

that's all 2-

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) In a space heating element consisting of a molded ceramic body with a heating conductor on its back side as an electrical resistance coating, the electrical resistance coating has a large surface area and is electrically conductive even at high temperatures. An electrically resistive layer consisting of a material r1 in which substantially constant non-metallic particles are embedded in a carrier with low or no electrical conductivity, the material having an electrically resistive coating that rapidly increases the corresponding electrical and thermal conductivity. A space heating element characterized in that it is arranged so as to. 2) Claim 1), wherein the electrically resistive layer is made of a non-aging synthetic resin containing conductive inclusions, and the layer is configured to exhibit a necessary electrical resistance value depending on the required power. Space heating element described in. 3) The electrically resistive layer comprises an electrically resistive film with a polyester coating layer which is fixedly adhered at least locally to the back side of the ceramic molded body, and an electrically conductive intermediate layer as a resistive layer comprising a supply line, a removal line, etc. The electrically resistive film consists of a polyester bottom layer and a polygonal bottom layer. The space heating element according to claim 1, wherein the space heating element is attached to the back side of the ceramic molded hole by adhesive bonding to both the ramic surface and the polynisdel surface. 4) dividing the area of the electrically resistive layer within the electrically resistive film, leaving areas not covered by said layer, electrically connecting the divided regions to each other, and making local perforations in the electrically resistive film in the electrically resistive layer; A space heating element according to claim 3, which is provided in an uncovered area. 5) Space = aqueous humor according to claim 1), wherein the electrically resistive coating consists of an electrically conductive shaft with a melting point of 750° C. or less. 6) Space heating element according to claim 1), characterized in that the electrically resistive coating consists of an electrically resistive adhesive. C. The electrical resistance adhesive is covered with an electrically insulating adhesive;
A space heating element according to claim 6). 8) As an electrical resistance layer, it receives electric current 4-1.
1- The space heating element according to any one of claims 1) to 0, wherein a monthly rate is selected that exhibits electrical responsiveness such that current absorption of the monthly rate decreases with the stomach. 9) A space heating element according to any one of claims 1) to 8), comprising an electrically conductive contact element in the electrical resistance layer. According to claim 9, the electrically conductive contact element consists essentially of a base material of an electrically resistive layer and is additionally embedded with particles of high electrical conductivity or has an increased density of electrically conductive particles to increase the electrical conductivity. Space heating element as described. 111) The electrically resistive layer is closely connected to the contact element to form a space (
The heating element is electrically connected to the mains power supply via a material r1 having a melon responsiveness such that the current absorption of the material decreases significantly as the humidity increases when receiving the current. The space heating element according to any one of item 10). 12) The layer thickness of the electrically resistive coating is reduced from the initial thickness when applied.
8), 1]), the space heating element according to any one of the 10-input 1υ items. 13'+ The distribution of conductive particles in the electrical resistance layer is locally limited, and especially i! [The space heating element according to any one of claims 1) to 12. 14) Use the heating element as a heating element for swimming pool lining, tiles that can heat walls, tables, ceilings, floors, etc.
Claim 1, used as a lottery ticket m+4
The space heating element according to any one of items ) to 13). 15) In a method for manufacturing a space heating element comprising a reramic molded body provided with a heating conductor on the opposite side by an electrical resistance coating, the layer thickness of the electrical resistance coating is reduced in order to increase the resistance value of the electrical resistance coating. or heating the coating. 16) Reducing the layer I7 of the electrically resistive coating to 1% by electrolytic erosion, brushing, etc., or heating the electrically resistive layer by applying heat from the outside, such as by flame or radiation, or by passing an electric current through it. A method of manufacturing a space heating element according to claim 15.