JPS60257333A - Stress measuring method - Google Patents
Stress measuring methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPS60257333A JPS60257333A JP59113061A JP11306184A JPS60257333A JP S60257333 A JPS60257333 A JP S60257333A JP 59113061 A JP59113061 A JP 59113061A JP 11306184 A JP11306184 A JP 11306184A JP S60257333 A JPS60257333 A JP S60257333A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ultrasonic wave
- transmitter
- measuring
- receiver
- transmission
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［発明の綽術分野］
本発明は、超音波が物体中を透過する際、その物体の持
つ応力状態に応じてその特性を変化させる性質を利用し
た応力測定方法に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a stress measurement method that utilizes the property that when an ultrasonic wave passes through an object, its characteristics change depending on the stress state of the object. It is something.
［発明の技術的背景とその問題点］
従来、物体中の内部応力を測定する際には、ストレンゲ
ージを用いた切出し法が多く用いられている。これでは
物体を小片に切断しなければならないので、実製品には
応用することができない欠点がある、さらに、ストレン
ゲージの貼り付９プに熟練を要し、又小片に切断するの
に多大な時間と労力を必要としていた。また、非破壊的
に測定する方法としてＸ線回折法等も利用されているが
、原理的に極く表面層の部分にしか適用できない等の制
限がある。[Technical background of the invention and its problems] Conventionally, when measuring internal stress in an object, a cutting method using a strain gauge is often used. This method has the disadvantage that it cannot be applied to actual products because the object must be cut into small pieces.Furthermore, it requires skill to attach the strain gauge, and it takes a lot of effort to cut the object into small pieces. It required time and effort. In addition, X-ray diffraction methods are also used as non-destructive measurement methods, but there are limitations such as the fact that they can be applied only to the very surface layer in principle.
［発明の目的］
本発明の目的は、超音波を利用して物体を破壊せずに物
体中の応力状態を測定する応力測定方法を提供するにあ
る。[Object of the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a stress measurement method that uses ultrasonic waves to measure the stress state in an object without destroying the object.
１・発明の概要］
本発明による応力測定方法は、物体中を透過しやづく、
又、透過しつつある物体の応力に対づ゛る依存性の強い
超音波を利用しようとするものである。即ち、縦波の伝
搬速度Ｖ（及び横波の伝搬速度Ｖｎ及びＶ丁２は、それ
ぞれ主応力Ｓ＋−Ｓｚ及びＳＪの関数として布教される
ので、超音波が物質中を透過するのに必要な時間と、そ
の時の透過部分の長さを計測すれば、所定の換算式から
主応力の大ぎさをめることができる。1. Summary of the invention] The stress measuring method according to the present invention can easily penetrate through an object.
It also attempts to utilize ultrasonic waves that are highly dependent on the stress of the object through which they are transmitted. That is, since the propagation velocity V of longitudinal waves (and the propagation velocities Vn and Vd2 of transverse waves are propagated as functions of the principal stresses S+-Sz and SJ, respectively, the time required for the ultrasonic wave to pass through the material By measuring the length of the transparent portion at that time, the magnitude of the principal stress can be estimated from a predetermined conversion formula.
［発明の実施例］
次に本発明を図面に示す実施例について説明する。図面
は厚肉の物体１０に対する応力測定装置の一実施例を示
づ。測定の対象物１０の測定部分に超音波の送信器１を
設置して超音波の透過方向を決める。超音波が透過後に
到達する表面には、受信機２を超音波の透過方向に合わ
せて設置する。送信機１及び受信機２を設置する面には
、音響的接触を良くするためにグリセリン等の接触媒質
を塗布する必要がある。送信機１及び受信機２には、電
気パルスを機械振動に変換するための圧電材料が振動板
３として埋め込まれている。[Embodiments of the Invention] Next, embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings will be described. The drawing shows an embodiment of a stress measuring device for a thick-walled object 10. An ultrasonic transmitter 1 is installed at a measurement portion of an object 10 to be measured, and the transmission direction of the ultrasonic waves is determined. A receiver 2 is installed on the surface where the ultrasonic waves reach after being transmitted, in alignment with the direction of ultrasonic wave transmission. The surface on which the transmitter 1 and receiver 2 are installed needs to be coated with a couplant such as glycerin to improve acoustic contact. A piezoelectric material is embedded in the transmitter 1 and receiver 2 as a diaphragm 3 for converting electric pulses into mechanical vibrations.
送信機１は電気パルスを供給するための高周波発信機４
に接続される。又、受信機２は受信した信号を増幅し、
発信時の電気パルスとの比較で透過時間等をｈ１測する
ための計測装置５に接続される。ここで得られた情報は
、演算及び表示装＠６に送られ、予め入力されている物
体の大きさ、無負荷時の超音波の音速等のデータ及び演
算式によって各主応力の大きさが計算されて出力される
。The transmitter 1 is a high frequency transmitter 4 for supplying electric pulses.
connected to. Moreover, the receiver 2 amplifies the received signal,
It is connected to a measuring device 5 for measuring the transmission time h1 by comparison with the electric pulse at the time of transmission. The information obtained here is sent to the calculation and display device@6, and the magnitude of each principal stress is calculated using data such as the size of the object and the speed of sound of the ultrasonic wave under no load, etc., and calculation formulas that have been input in advance. Calculated and output.
物体中に投射した超音波を検知するには、物体の厚さに
応じて透過面側に検知専用の受信機を設置する場合と、
反射体を介して投射面側に戻ってきた超音波を受信する
送信器と兼用の受信機を置く場合とがある。物体が薄肉
の場合又は円筒状で透過してくる面に受信機２を設置す
ることが困難な場合は、超音波の反射を利用して送信位
置に戻ってきた超音波を送信１１を利用して受信するこ
とが可能である。又、これ以降の機器の構成例は図面の
場合と同様である。To detect ultrasonic waves projected into an object, depending on the thickness of the object, a dedicated detection receiver may be installed on the transparent side, or
In some cases, a receiver is installed which also functions as a transmitter to receive the ultrasonic waves that have returned to the projection surface via a reflector. If the object is thin or cylindrical and it is difficult to install the receiver 2 on the surface through which it is transmitted, the transmitter 11 can be used to transmit the ultrasonic waves that have returned to the transmitting position by utilizing the reflection of the ultrasonic waves. It is possible to receive it by Furthermore, the configuration examples of the equipment from this point on are the same as those in the drawings.
次に超音波を利用して物体中の応力状態を測定できる原
理について説明する。無応力状態の時は、物体を透過す
る超音波の縦波及び横波は、物体に固有な一定の速度Ｖ
Ｌｏ及びＶｙｏで伝搬する。この物体に応力が付加され
ている場合には、その主応力をＳｌ、＄２、Ｓ３とすれ
ば、縦波の音波ＶＬは、Ｖ、＝（Ａ＋Ｂ ・ （Ｓ＋＋
８２） ＋ Ｃ−Ｓ、） ’ろ−（１）
と表わすことができる。ここで、Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃは物体に固
有の定数である。Next, we will explain the principle by which the stress state in an object can be measured using ultrasonic waves. In a stress-free state, the longitudinal and transverse waves of ultrasonic waves that pass through an object have a constant velocity V that is unique to the object.
It propagates in Lo and Vyo. If stress is applied to this object, and if the principal stress is Sl, $2, S3, then the longitudinal sound wave VL is V, = (A+B ・ (S++
82) + C-S, ) 'ro-(1). Here, A, B, and C are constants specific to the object.
一方、横波は主応力Ｓ１の方向に偏向して伝搬するＶＴ
Ｉと、主応力Ｓ２の方向に偏向して伝搬するＶ７２とに
分かれ、それぞれ
ＶＴＩ ＝ （Ｄ＋Ｅ ｊ Ｓ＋＋ Ｆ−３２＋Ｇ−３
Ｊ）−”−（２）
ＶＴ２−（Ｄ ＋ Ｆ−３Ｊ＋ Ｅ−８２＋ Ｇ−８ｊ
）−”−（３）
と表わすことができる。ここで、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ、Ｇはそれ
ぞれ物体に固有の定数である。On the other hand, the transverse wave is deflected in the direction of the principal stress S1 and propagates at VT
I and V72, which is deflected and propagated in the direction of the principal stress S2, and each VTI = (D+E j S++ F-32+G-3
J)-”-(2) VT2-(D + F-3J+ E-82+ G-8j
)-”-(3) Here, D, E, F, and G are constants specific to each object.
式（１）、（２）、（３）から明らかなように、音速Ｖ
Ｌ％ ＶＴＩ 、Ｖ丁λをめることより、主応力Ｓ７、
Ｓｌ、Ｓ３の大きさを算出することができる。したがっ
て、図面における演算および表示装置６には、これらの
演算式、物体の大きさ、無負荷時の超音波の音速などの
各種データが入力されているため、計測装置５で得られ
た情報の入力によって各主応力の大きさが計算されて出
力される。がくして本発明の測定方法によれば、従来の
方法のように物体の大きさに拘わらず、また物体を破壊
せずに短時間で物体中の残留応力および使用中に物体に
作用する応力変動などを測定することができる。As is clear from equations (1), (2), and (3), the sound velocity V
By subtracting L% VTI and Vd λ, the principal stress S7,
The sizes of Sl and S3 can be calculated. Therefore, since various data such as these calculation formulas, the size of the object, and the sound speed of ultrasonic waves under no load are input to the calculation and display device 6 in the drawing, the information obtained by the measurement device 5 The magnitude of each principal stress is calculated and output based on the input. Therefore, according to the measurement method of the present invention, residual stress in an object and stress fluctuations acting on the object during use can be measured in a short time, regardless of the size of the object and without destroying the object, unlike conventional methods. etc. can be measured.
［発明の効果］
以上のように本発明によれば、物体を非破壊的に短時間
で物体中の応力状態を測定することができる。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the stress state in an object can be measured non-destructively in a short time.
図面は本発明による応力測定方法に適用する測定装置の
一実施例を示す構成図である。
１・・・送信機、 ２・・・受信機The drawing is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of a measuring device applied to the stress measuring method according to the present invention. 1...Transmitter, 2...Receiver
Claims (1)
きた超音波又は透過面側から反射して戻ってきた超音波
の音速を計測し、この計測値と所定の換算式とから物体
中の超音波の透過部分の応力状態を計測することを特徴
とづる応力測定方法。(1) Project an ultrasonic wave into an object, measure the sound speed of the ultrasonic wave that has passed through the object, or the ultrasonic wave that has reflected back from the transmission surface side, and use this measured value and a predetermined conversion formula. A stress measurement method characterized by measuring the stress state of the part of an object through which ultrasonic waves are transmitted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59113061A JPS60257333A (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Stress measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59113061A JPS60257333A (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Stress measuring method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60257333A true JPS60257333A (en) | 1985-12-19 |
Family
ID=14602506
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59113061A Pending JPS60257333A (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Stress measuring method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60257333A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01218338A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-08-31 | Hitachi Ltd | Inspecting device for core tightness and method thereof |
| JPH0792038A (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 1995-04-07 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and device for evaluating stress |
| JP2008286622A (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-11-27 | Ihi Aerospace Co Ltd | Ultrasonic measuring device and ultrasonic measuring method |
| JP2012141230A (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2012-07-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Nondestructive testing system |
| JP2015071198A (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-16 | 株式会社ディスコ | Grinding method of plate-like object |
| CN114441075A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-06 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Ultrasonic assessment method and system for mechanical stress of power distribution cable connector |
-
1984
- 1984-06-04 JP JP59113061A patent/JPS60257333A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01218338A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-08-31 | Hitachi Ltd | Inspecting device for core tightness and method thereof |
| JPH0792038A (en) * | 1993-09-28 | 1995-04-07 | Hitachi Ltd | Method and device for evaluating stress |
| JP2008286622A (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-11-27 | Ihi Aerospace Co Ltd | Ultrasonic measuring device and ultrasonic measuring method |
| JP2012141230A (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2012-07-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Nondestructive testing system |
| JP2015071198A (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-16 | 株式会社ディスコ | Grinding method of plate-like object |
| CN114441075A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-06 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Ultrasonic assessment method and system for mechanical stress of power distribution cable connector |
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