JPS60249250A - Electrolyte for battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To form a battery having aluminum metal as an anode by using electrolyte prepared by adding acidic solution which makes aluminum passive and halide which accelerates ionization to water and acetate. CONSTITUTION:A carbon cathode C and an aluminum anode A are faced and immersed in electrolyte prepared by mixing nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, water, and acetate to form a battery. Aluminum ion produced from the aluminum anode is combined with chlorine ion to form aluminium chloride. Nitric acid oxidizes the surface of aluminum to make the surface passive. Chlorine ion breaks the passive film and aluminum is ionized again. This cycle is repeated to increase current density and energy density. Accordingly, by specifying electrolyte, a battery having aluminum anode is economically obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention Aluminum metal or a similar metal is used as a cathode material for a battery, and the electrolyte contains an acidic liquid that causes a passivation effect and a halogen group (K) that acts as an ionization accelerator.
OI-Na 01 oMg G12- Al, C1
3-+v1a12-pb 0140H0l-au 01
This battery electrolyte is characterized by being a solution in which compounds such as 2-NH4C1-K F-NH,..., FO) are added and mixed with water and an acetic acid organic compound. Conventionally - The cathode material used for next-generation electricity has generally been made of materials such as zinc metal or its alloys, but some cathode materials using lithium metal have also been commercialized, but due to cost considerations. However, it was also quite expensive, making it unsuitable for use as a battery for high energy use.

Under these circumstances, a new battery using a cathode material made of etched aluminum metal was developed.

(Patent Application No. 198133 of 1982) This battery does not function as a battery at all with the conventional electrolyte containing ammonium chloride, alkali, etc.

Therefore, an electrolytic solution such as the present invention was invented. An explanation of this embodiment is as shown in FIG. 1.

First, the carbon anode (C) is on the right side, and the aluminum cathode (C) is on the left side.
Al), nitric acid (I (No3) and hydrochloric acid (HC
1) and just a solution of ordinary tap water and acetic acid organic compound. When a load is connected between these two electrodes, a chemical reaction quickly occurs and current flows through the load.

A more detailed explanation of this action process is shown in Figure 2. First, the aluminum metal (A1), which is the cathode material, becomes aluminum ions (A13+) by ionization and begins to dissolve into the electrolyte. At the same time, the aluminum (A1) cathode is negatively charged, and the resulting aluminum ion (A1) combines with chlorine ions (01)3, forming aluminum chloride (Al (C
! 1) 3) becomes. Furthermore, there are many nitrate ions (No-3), which are other types of electrolytes, in the surrounding area. Some of these ions temporarily oxidize the surface of the aluminum cathode with their strong oxidizing power, turning it into a passive state. As a result,
An oxide film is formed and the chemical reaction stops. However, the active chlorine ion (Cl-) destroys the acid film with its strong ionizing action and re-ionizes the aluminum.
In this way, the oxidized film portions where the oxidation film is diluted or broken are easily destroyed by the active force of the chlorine ions (C1-).

As a result, countless pinholes are formed on the surface of the aluminum (A1) cathode, and a chemical reaction proceeds, increasing the surface area of the aluminum cathode several hundred times. This action also increases the current density, resulting in an increase in energy density.

On the other hand, since the surface of the carbon material (0) on the anode side is non-metallic, it does not have an ionizing effect, but rather only functions as a catalyst. Electrons (e) generated from the aluminum cathode (A1)
-) flows to the positive side through the load, so the hydrogen ions (H+) in the surrounding electrolyte are electrostatically neutralized, and the hydrogen atoms also change to disappear from above the anode. Furthermore, since the hydrogen atom (H) is unstable as a single atom, it forms a covalent bond with another hydrogen atom and expands into a stable form as a hydrogen molecule (H2). At this time, the nitrate ion Ovo;), which is a different type of electrolyte, removes one oxygen atom (o) and converts it into a part C,3) (H2O).This process is repeated many times. This allows the battery to function by repeatedly and continuously generating current.

Therefore, if such an electrolyte is not used, aluminum metal (
, xl) do not perform any battery function at all.

Also, although it is an electrolyte, tap water and chloride (U2O + Na
Cl, or H20+HC1), it is also practical to use seawater.

Furthermore, the effect of the acetic acid organic compound in the electrolyte is that it is an additive to prevent self-discharge. There are many types of these, but
In the examples, polyvinyl acetate was added and used.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows the electrolyte content of an aluminum metal cathode battery,
A side cross-sectional view showing silk mating with electrode material. Figure 2 is a side sectional view diagrammatically showing the chemical reactions of an aluminum metal cathode battery. Patent applicant: Hide Ichikawa (4-)

Claims (1)

[Claims] Aluminum metal or a similar metal is used as a cathode material for batteries, and the electrolyte is made of an acidic solution that produces a passivation effect as much as possible, and a halogen group compound that acts as an ionization accelerator with moisture and an acetic acid organic compound. Electrolyte for batteries is characterized by being a solution of additives and mixtures.