JPS60241381A - Electronic image pickup device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a device that can be used for taking a moving picture and a still picture and can obtain a clear picture even when long exposure is required by providing an image pickup element of collectively transferred type and a device that supplies specified transfer pulses to the image pickup element. CONSTITUTION:A solid-state image pickup element 11 consists of a CCD of collectively transferred type and driven by a phiV driver 39 that responds to a pulse from a synchronizing pulse generator 28, phiH driver 40, and an SG driver 41. The output of the element 11 is supplied to a color separation circuit 23, and at the same time, supplied to a CCD photometer circuit, and the output is supplied to an exposure controlling circuit 48 together with the output from an external photometer circuit 47. When a recording command switch 34 is turned on, a recording command is issued to the circuit 48, and a controlling signal is sent to the generator 28 through an element shutter controlling circuit 49 according to an exposure time determined on the basis of photoric information obtained in the circuit 46 or circuit 47.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to electronic imaging devices such as electronic cameras and TV cameras, and particularly to improvements in means for supplying transfer pulses to imaging elements.

(Prior Art) Generally, standards such as NTSC, PAL, and SECAM are applied to electronic imaging devices such as electronic cameras and TV cameras. For example, in the case of the NTSC standard, an optical image is sent to an imaging tube for 1/30 seconds or It is configured such that optical accumulation is performed for 1/60 seconds, and the accumulated charges are discharged by electron beam scanning to extract a video signal corresponding to an optical image.

Therefore, when the subject is a fast-moving object, when the camera is panning, or when camera shake occurs, the image becomes blurred and the image quality deteriorates. The cause of the above-mentioned "blurred image due to movement" is the NHK Giken Monthly Report (March 1972 issue, P100~
104), the so-called accumulation effect and afterimage.

The accumulation effect is the effect of accumulating the amount of light for one frame (1730 seconds in NTSC) on the photoelectric conversion surface of the image sensor, and is an effective means to increase the imaging sensitivity and improve the S/N ratio. However, since this can be said to be isometrically imaging using a slow shutter speed of 1730 seconds, the image becomes blurred due to moving objects, camera shake, etc., resulting in a decrease in image quality.

On the other hand, afterimages are caused by residual charges that cannot be discharged by one electron beam scan, but recently solid-state image sensors have been used to reduce afterimages.
Also, by using a low-afterimage image pickup tube such as Sachicon (trademark: NHK), afterimages are significantly reduced, and it can be said that the problem has been largely solved.

Therefore, in order to solve the problem of "image blur due to motion", it is necessary to remove the influence of the accumulation effect. In order to eliminate the influence of the accumulation effect, it is effective to shorten the light accumulation time, and the following various shutters have been considered for this purpose.

[1] Image sensor shutter As described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-62518, the solid-state image sensor itself is provided with a function that allows the storage time to be arbitrarily varied, thereby reducing the storage time. be. However, this shutter is still under development and cannot be put to practical use at present due to various problems in terms of manufacturing technology and cost. Another problem is that it is difficult to configure it so that it can be used commonly for still images and moving images.

[2] Physical property shutter JP-A No. 58-31525 or JP-A No. 58-
As shown in Japanese Patent No. 33368, an electro-optical element, a liquid crystal element, etc. are installed in front of the lens or at the position of the lens pupil, or in front of the image sensor, and the light transmittance thereof is variably controlled. However, this physical shutter has a problem in light transmission efficiency, and has the disadvantage that a sufficient amount of transmitted light cannot be obtained. Another problem is that the polarization characteristics and spectral characteristics change depending on the ambient conditions and the like.

[3] Mechanical shutter A shutter plate is mechanically opened and closed, and there are two types: a sliding type using a solenoid and a rotary type using a motor. However, the sliding type has problems with response speed and response accuracy, and is difficult to synchronize with the video signal system. For this reason, there is a drawback that it can only be applied to frame transfer type solid-state imaging devices. Further, the rotary type has a problem in that the shutter function cannot be released when the shutter function is not required.

Furthermore, although a rotary shutter set has the advantage of being able to perform exposures 30 or 60 times per second, it also has disadvantages in that it is difficult to perform long exposures and it is difficult to continuously variable control the shirt speed.

Note that recording still images with an electronic camera requires images that are clearer than moving images. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a mechanical shutter as described above as in a normal silver halide film camera. However, since the dynamic range of the image sensor with respect to the amount of incident light is much narrower than that of a silver halide film, servoing of the shutter speed is required to obtain accurate exposure. At present, it can be said that a rotary shutter is suitable as a shutter for performing the above-mentioned servo. That is, appropriate exposure can be obtained by rotating the rotary shutter at an appropriate rotational speed and opening the shutter blades in synchronization with the video signal. However, when using the above-mentioned shutter, a problem arises when long-time exposure is desired. In other words, when using a rotary shutter for long-time exposure, the shutter must be opened many times for exposure, and the TO
The ta+ exposure time is much longer than without the shutter. For this reason, it is difficult to obtain a clear image of a moving subject even though the influence of dark current generated in the image sensor becomes large.

〔the purpose〕

An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic imaging system that can be used for both moving images such as a TV camera and still images such as an electronic camera, and that can obtain clear images even when long exposure is required. The goal is to provide equipment.

〔overview〕

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized by the following configuration. In other words, it consists of an electronic imaging device body, a batch transfer type image pickup element that accumulates photocharges corresponding to a subject image obtained through the optical system of the main body, and transfers the photocharges all at once using a transfer pulse. , a means for supplying a predetermined transfer pulse to the imaging element, and a transfer pulse halting means for suspending the supply of the transfer pulse by the means for a predetermined time based on an external command to allow long-term photoelectric charge accumulation. It is characterized by having the following.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a part of a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the main parts of FIG. 1. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 1 is an opening 2a.
, 2b are formed at 1800 different positions, and is attached to the drive shaft 3a of the first motor 3, and is rotationally driven by the motor 3. A second shutter disk 4 has openings 5a and 5b formed at 180' different positions, and a flange connected via a belt 8 to a pulley 7 attached to a drive shaft 6a of a second motor 6. 9 and is rotationally driven by the second motor 6. The first shutter disc 1 and the second shutter disc 4 are coaxially located. 10 is an optical system, and this optical system 10 and the first. An i-machine element 11 is provided at a position facing each other with the second shutter disk 1.4 in between.

In FIG. 1, reference numerals 12 and 13 indicate optical sensors, respectively. This detects the rotational phase of the second shutter disk 1°4. 14 and 15 are phase control circuits that synchronize the detection signals 81 and 82 of the optical sensors 12 and 13 with the vertical synchronization signal VS supplied from the terminal 16. A delay circuit 17 shifts the phase of the vertical synchronization signal VS supplied to the phase control circuit 15. 18 and 19 are drive circuits, and the first
．． It controls the rotation of the second motors 3 and 6.

Therefore, now, when the vertical synchronizing signal VS is supplied to the terminal 16, the phase control circuit 14. The first motor 3 is driven via the drive circuit 18 and rotates the first shutter disc 1 . At the same time, the delay circuit 171 and the phase control circuit 15.
The second motor 6 is driven via the drive circuit 19 to rotate the second shutter disk 4 . At this time, the above 1. Since the rotational phase of the second shutter disk 1.4 is shifted, the openings 2a, 5a and 2b, 5b are shifted from each other and essentially form narrow slits. Therefore, the speed at which the light from the optical system 10 reaches the image sensor 11 is blocked increases.

On the other hand, the optical sensors 12 and 13 detect the rotational phases of the first and second shutter discs 1.4, respectively. The detection signals 81 and 82 are then transmitted to the phase control circuit 14.
15, and synchronization with the vertical synchronization signal VS is achieved. As a result, the above-mentioned 1. The rotational speed of the second motors 3 and 6 is controlled.

Note that the first thing. The number of openings formed in each of the second shutter discs 1.4 may be one.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a part of the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 3. Note that the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2 are given the same reference numerals and detailed explanations will be omitted. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the following points. The second shutter disc 1.4 is provided with a locking mechanism to release the shutter function.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, reference numeral 20 denotes a lock wheel fitted and fixed onto the drive shaft 3a of the first motor 3. As shown in FIG. This lock wheel 20 has a smaller diameter than the flange 9. Further, V grooves 9a and 20a are formed in the upper flange 9 and the lock wheel 20, respectively. Reference numeral 21 denotes a movable core, which is moved in the vertical direction in FIG. 3 by the action of a solenoid coil 22.

Therefore, when the solenoid coil 22 is energized now, the movable core 21 is pulled up to the position shown in FIG.

Therefore, the same shutter function as in the first embodiment can be achieved.

On the other hand, when canceling the shutter function, the excitation to the solenoid coil 22 is cut off while the first and second motors 3 and 6 are cut off. Then, the movable core 21 moves downward in FIG. The second shutter disk 4 is positioned so as to be located in front of the.

Thereafter, the tip of the movable core 21 is fitted into the VII 20a of the lock wheel 20, and the first shutter disk 1 is moved such that the opening 2a or 2b of the first shutter disk 1 is located in front of the image sensor 11. Positioned.

In this way, the shutter function is released, and long-time exposure to the image sensor 11 becomes possible.

In this embodiment, a plunger consisting of a movable core 21 and a solenoid coil 22 is used as a positioning member, but a manual member may also be used.

Next, the configuration of the entire control system of this device will be explained with reference to the block diagram of FIG. Note that the same parts as in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals.

The optical image of the object (not shown) captured by the lenses 10A and 10B of the R-image optical system is formed on the photoelectric conversion surface of the solid-state image sensor 11 installed at the focal position of the lens. The solid-state image sensor 11 converts the above-mentioned optical image of the object into an electrical signal, and supplies the output OUT to a color separation circuit 23 via a circuit to be described later. The color separation circuit 23 separates the applied electrical signal into a luminance signal Y and color difference signals R-Y, B-Y, and supplies them to the FM modulator 24. The FM modulator 24 performs FM modulation on the luminance signal Y and the color difference signals R-Y and B-Y in their respective frequency bands, and supplies the modulated signals to the recording amplifier 25. The recording amplifier 25 amplifies each FM modulated signal and supplies it to the magnetic head 26. The magnetic head 26 records the supplied signal on the recording track of the magnetic disk 27 in an FM manner.

A synchronizing pulse generator 28 generates a vertical transfer pulse φ■ to the image pickup device 11 via a circuit that will be described later.

A horizontal transfer pulse φH and a reset pulse SG are provided, and a timing pulse is also provided to the color separation circuit 23 and the FM modulator 24. Further, the synchronization pulse generator 28 supplies a synchronization pulse to the synchronization detector 29 as one input for matching the operation timing of the imaging system and the operation timing and phase of the recording system.

The other input of the synchronization detector 29 is the magnetic disk 27.
A PG pulse is provided from a rotational phase detection pulse generator 30 attached to the rotational phase detection pulse generator 30 . Thus, the synchronization detector 29 compares the PG pulse with the synchronization pulse from the synchronization pulse generator 28, and sends a signal to the motor drive circuit 31 so that the rotational speed and phase of the magnetic disk 27 always match the operation timing of the imaging system. ,give. The motor drive circuit 31 drives and controls the disk drive motor 32 based on the signal given from the detector 29. As a result, magnetic disk 2
7 rotates at a constant speed of 3600 RPM in a steady state, and records one field of image during one rotation.

The recording gate circuit 33 is triggered by a trigger pulse TG that is generated when the recording command switch 34 linked to the release button of the electronic still camera is turned on, and is triggered in one field period based on the synchronization pulse from the synchronization pulse generator 28. A write pulse WG of a corresponding width is applied to the recording amplifier 25, and the recording amplifier 25 is activated for only that period.

In FIG. 5, numeral 35 is an encoder, which outputs the luminance signal Y and the color difference signals R-Y, B-, which are the outputs of the color separation circuit 23.
Y and is converted into, for example, an NTSG signal and sent to the viewfinder 36. In this way, the content of the image taken can be monitored using the viewfinder 36.

Further, in FIG. 5, 37 is a diaphragm mechanism, which is inserted between the lenses 10A and 10B of the optical system. The aperture mechanism 37 is driven by an iris driver 38. The operation of the iris driver 38 is controlled by a control signal from an exposure control circuit 48, which will be described later.

The solid-state image sensor 11 is composed of a batch transfer type COD, and includes a φ■ driver 39. which responds to pulses from a synchronous pulse generator 28. φH driver 40. It is driven by a vertical transfer pulse φV, a horizontal transfer pulse φH, and a reset pulse SG output from the SG driver 41, respectively. .

The output of the image sensor 11 is output from the amplifier 42. Sampling hold circuit 43. Amplifier 44. The signal is supplied to the color separation circuit 23 via the LPF 45 and also to the COD photometry circuit 46 . The output of the COD photometry circuit 46 is supplied to the exposure control circuit 48 together with the output from an external photometry circuit 47 consisting of a photodiode or the like.

When a recording command is given by turning on the recording command switch 3 →, the exposure control circuit 48 controls the exposure time according to the exposure time determined based on the photometry information obtained from the COD photometry circuit 46 or the external photometry circuit 47 or the like. A control signal is sent to the synchronizing pulse generator 28 via the element shutter control circuit 49, and a predetermined delay control signal is sent to the delay circuit 17. Note that the exposure control circuit 48 is provided with a manual shutter speed setting signal from a manual shutter speed setting device 50 at appropriate times.

Now, in FIG. 5, when the main power of the camera is turned on, power is supplied to the image sensor 11, and a video signal is output from the image sensor 11. At this time, the solenoid 22 (not shown in FIG. 5) is not excited, so the shutter function is released and light continues to enter the photoelectric conversion section of the image pickup device 11. The output of the image sensor 11 is sent to the photometry circuit 4
6, detected with an appropriate time constant, and outputted to the exposure control circuit 48 as a photometric signal. Therefore, when the shutter function is released, the light accumulation time is 1, just like a conventional TV camera.
/60 sec or 1/30 sec, and the optimum exposure level can be obtained by the aperture 37.

Next, when the switch 34 is turned on, the solenoid 22
is excited, and the rotation lock of the shutter disk 1.4 is released. Then, the two shutter motors 3 and 6 are turned on, and Ml and the second disk 1.degree. 4 rotate at high speed and are controlled in speed. Speed control is carried out by detecting the edges of the slits in the disks by means of optical sensors 12,13.

1st. The second disk 1.4 has an aperture angle θ as shown in FIG.
It is a disc having two slits each having a zero angle of 80 degrees, and the speed of each disc is controlled to 1800 RPM. Speed control is completed and the two discs each have 1800P.
Upon rising to PM, the disk then undergoes phase control. Phase control is performed using the vertical synchronization signal Vs, the output of the optical sensor, and the photometry signal. In Figure 6, 1. The second discs 1.4 are each rotated clockwise as indicated by the arrows, and optical sensors 12.13, ie, reflective photosensors for detecting the slit position, are arranged at the positions shown. Although a reflecting member may be provided at an appropriate position on the disk 1.4, a slit detection method is used here. The disks 1.4 are made of thin gray plastic, and the surfaces facing the other disks are painted black.

The explanation returns to FIG. 5. First disk 1 placed on the lens side
is phase controlled as follows. The phase control circuit 14 has VS
The signal and the output of the optical sensor 12 are input, and a control output is output to the motor drive circuit 18 so that the falling edge of the VS signal and the leading edge of the slit are in the same phase (see FIG. 7). Disk 1 is slightly (1~2) from the VS signal.
m5) Control is performed so that the leading edge of the aperture reaches the image sensor 11 with a delay. This is because there is a COD transfer pulse near VS, and if exposure is applied at this time, poor image quality will occur. Therefore, in order to avoid this, the optical sensor 12 is provided at a position slightly angularly shifted from the CCD. The phase of the first disk 1 is controlled without being affected by photometric information at all.

On the other hand, in the second disk 4, the output of the optical sensor 13 and the delay signal of VS are phase-synchronized. However, the timing at which the output of the optical sensor 13 detects the trailing edge of the slit of the second disk 4, that is, the timing at which the output of the optical sensor 13 rises from rLJ to rHJ, and the fall of the delayed Vs multiplied signal are in the same phase. Thus, the phase control circuit 15 provides an output to the motor drive circuit 19.

The delay amount of the delay circuit 17 is calculated based on the output of the photometric circuit 46 or 47. The delay time corresponds to the partial exposure time at one point on the image sensor. It also corresponds to the opening degree θ1 in FIG. That is, if the delay time T=1 ms, the partial exposure time is also 1 ms. Therefore, manual setting of the shutter speed can be easily performed by providing a predetermined delay time using an external setting device.

By the way, there is an upper limit to the delay time. In other words, as the delay time increases, the first disc 1 and the second disc 4
This is because the apertures of the two cameras may overlap, and this becomes the maximum exposure time. The maximum exposure time, that is, the maximum delay time T max is calculated by the following equation. When the number of slits provided on the disk is n, the rotation speed of the disk is N [RPS], and the slit aperture angle is θ0, Tl1laX = (exposure interval time) x (slit aperture ratio) - (1/ ( N+n＞)x ((n×θO)/360°) =θ0/(Nx360') In Figure 6, the rotation speed is 180ORPM (30RPS)
, θ0=80', and the number of slits n=2, Tm;
1x-7.4ms, maximum partial exposure time is 7.4m
s (1/135 sec). If it is desired to perform an even longer exposure, θO may be set larger than 80. For example, if it is 1/125'sec, θ0=86.4'.

The timing chart of FIG. 7 shows the above relationship.

Shutter control when using the shutter is a closed loop consisting of a change in the output of the image sensor 11 → a change in the output of the photometry circuit 46 → a change in the amount of delay → a change in the disc phase (a change in shutter open time) → a change in the exposure amount → a change in the output of the image sensor 11 Becomes control. Therefore, the optimum exposure level will always be selected. Furthermore, if the amount of incident light is insufficient and the delay time T becomes TmaX, the delay time is fixed to Tl1laX,
The photometric output is supplied to an exposure control circuit 48, which moves the iris to the open side and adjusts the exposure amount. Further, when using a strobe, θ1 is set to have an aperture angle larger than the COD area, and at the same time, an external photometry circuit 47 is connected to the control system.

The signal for controlling the amount of auto strobe light emitted may be received from an external photometric element, or a photometric element installed at almost the same location as the optical sensors 12 and 13 may receive the signal reflected from the shutter disk of the strobe light using direct photometry. method may be used. In this case, it is desirable that θ2 be as small as possible.

The exposure method and exposure timing when using a CCO as an image sensor have been described above, but the variable speed shutter of the present invention uses a CCO.
It can also be used for image pickup tubes other than OD, MOS, CPD, etc. However, when using the above three types of elements, the partial exposure timing shown in FIG. 7 needs to be before or after the vertical blanking time including VS, so the timing becomes slightly more specific. Furthermore, in the case of these three types of elements, since the maximum partial exposure time must be kept within 3 ms, there is a drawback that the usable range of the variable speed shutter is somewhat narrowed.

By releasing the shutter as described above, an exposure time of 1/60 sec or 1/30 sec can be obtained, and the shutter can be opened.
If N, a high-speed shutter having an exposure time of 1/125 to 1/1000 can be obtained.

Note that when an exposure time longer than 1/60 sec or 1/30 sec is required, an element shutter in which the image sensor itself has a shutter function is effective.

A long-time element Sharada can be realized by using an interline type COD. The method will be described next. Note that this type of COD is detailed in the following document.

(1) "MO8 type sensor CCD image sensor using high resistance MCZ'base" Matsumoto et al. TV academic technical report TEBS87-5 (ED693) (S58.3°18) (2) Horizontal 51
0 pixel CCD image sensor” Tera-use and other TV academia technical reports TEB
S94-4 (ED773) FIG. 8 shows a specific example of the solid-state image sensor 11 adopted in this apparatus based on the above-mentioned viewpoint, and shows an interline batch transfer type CCD 60. In the figure, reference numeral 61 denotes a photoelectric conversion element having color filters R, G, and B on its surface, each forming one pixel. A vertical shift register 62 made of COD is provided adjacent to the photoelectric conversion element 61. These vertical shift registers 62 include photoelectric conversion elements 6
1 and sequentially transfers them to a horizontal shift register 63 consisting of a COD. The horizontal shift register 63 transfers the photocharges to the output section 64 in units of one horizontal scanning line. The output section 64 has a built-in preamplifier, and amplifies the minute current and outputs it from the output terminal OUT. Note that each input terminal of the interline batch transfer type CCD 60 receives a sensor gate signal SG, which is a reset pulse, and a vertical register transfer pulse φV1. φV2. Horizontal register transfer locks φH1, φH2, etc. are supplied from the COD drive circuit (39-41 in FIG. 5).

The photoelectric charge accumulation time in each of the photoelectric conversion elements 61 is determined based on the timing of transferring charges from the photoelectric conversion element 61 to the vertical shift register 62.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a part of the above-mentioned FIG. 8.

As is clear from FIG. 9, the sensor gate 65 is
This is a common electrode formed commonly for each photoelectric conversion element 61. Further, the vertical shift registers 62 are arranged alternately, with those that work effectively in odd fields as shown by thin arrows, and those that work effectively in even fields as shown by thick arrows, and transfer pulses φV1. φ
V2 is commonly supplied.

Thus, the photocharge batch transfer is performed as follows. That is, when the potentials of each part in FIG. 9 are set as shown below, the photocharges accumulated in the photoelectric conversion element 61 are transferred to the vertical shift register 62.

■When the sensor gate signal SG is rLJ and φV1 is rHJ in an odd field ■When the sensor gate signal SG is rLJ and φV2 is rHJ in an even field Therefore, the sensor gate signal SG changes from H level to L level. The change point is the point at which the bulk transfer of accumulated photocharges starts, and at the same time it is also the point at which new photoaccumulation starts.

FIG. 10 is a time chart showing the timing of the interline batch transfer type CCD 60.

In FIG. 10, VD is a vertical drive pulse and HD is a horizontal drive pulse. The number ``1'' written on the HD
~525'' corresponds to the horizontal scanning line number. The sensor gate signal SG changes rHJ and rLJ once per field. The photoelectric charge of the photoelectric conversion element 61 is transferred to the vertical shift register 62 at the timing of the change in rLJ. In other words, at this timing, the information of all pixels of the field is transferred into the vertical shift register 62.

φV1. φV2 is a two-phase vertical register transfer pulse and is also related to charge transfer from the pixel to the vertical shift register 62. That is, in the first field, when SG becomes rLJ in the 11th H, φV1 becomes "H", so at this point, the charges of all pixels related to the image output to the first field are transferred to the vertical shift register 62. be done. This charge is output as a video signal for 16 ms from the first H of the COD output signal. On the other hand, in the second field, the sensor gate signal SG is rLJ at the 275th H.
Since φV2 is "H" at this timing, the charges of all pixels related to the image output in the second field at this time are transferred to the vertical shift register 62. The transferred signal charge is outputted as a video output from the first H after "V register empty feed" in FIG. 10 as a COD output signal by the transfer operation of the vertical shift register 42 and the horizontal shift register 63.

The example in FIG. 10 shows the frame accumulation mode. The CCD 60 is configured so that it can also be used as a field storage mode element by setting both φV1 and φV2 to rHJ when SG is rLJ. When in field accumulation mode, φV1. Since both φV2 become rHJ, the charge in the pixel for the odd field and the charge in the pixel for the even field are transferred into the vertical shift register 62 at the same time. Therefore S.G.
φV1. By setting both φV2 to rHJ, it is possible to accumulate light in a field period of 1/60 sec, and an element having a shutter time of 1/60 sec can be constructed.

FIG. 11 shows SG, φV1. φV2. It is a time chart of video output. The odd field photocharges accumulated in 33 m5 before 1n of the SG are read out as an odd field video signal at the time of video output 1n. The photocharges accumulated during the SG periods 2n and 1n+1 are also read out as an odd field video signal at the video output timing 1n+1. Therefore, it can be said that the shutter time in this mode is 1/30 SeC. In this mode, by opening the mechanical shutter every 1/30 sec, a video output can be obtained in which no time lag occurs between odd and even fields. If the shutter is operated every 1/6 osec, the shutter will be released twice for each odd field and even field, so the frame image processing will be performed twice.
It may become a double image.

FIG. 12 is a time chart when the element shutter is operated for a long time using the control system shown in FIG. 5.

In this example, φV1. φV2 controls each SG so that it does not transfer at the timing of rLJ. Therefore, up to the nth frame of the video signal is the output in the normal mode, but no video output is obtained at the n+1 frame of the video signal, and twice as much video output is obtained at the n+2 frame. Therefore, in this mode, reading is performed after 4 fields of light accumulation, so the shutter time is (
1/60)X4=1/15sec can be selected. The omission of the transfer can be continued (about 1 sec) as long as the dark current of the COD does not cause deterioration of the image quality, so long-term shuttering of an integral multiple of 1/30 sec is possible. That is, 1/30.1/15.1/10.2/1
Long-term shutter speeds of 5°1/6, 115, 7/30, etc. are obtained. Therefore, the shutter time can be manually set by an external command.

FIG. 13 shows another mode in which odd field pixels and even field pixels are read out simultaneously by setting φV1 and φV2 to rHJ simultaneously in synchronization with "L" of SG during reading. In electronic cameras for field recording that do not perform frame recording, such a long-time shutter control mode is also possible.

As mentioned above, when the speed is faster than 1/125 sec, an arbitrary shutter time can be obtained with a mechanical shutter.
By obtaining long-time shutter function with an element shutter,
It becomes possible to perform shutter operation in all time ranges.

Next, an example of application of the mechanical shutter of the present invention to an electronic camera will be described. For example, in an electronic camera that records image signals on a magnetic disk that rotates at 360 ORPM, 50 recording tracks are formed concentrically, and there is a field recording mode in which one field of images is recorded on each track. Becomes the basics. Further, as a further development of this, a frame recording mode is also possible in which two adjacent tracks are used to record an odd field and an even field consecutively. In field recording mode, it is possible to record 50 frames, but the vertical resolution is slightly inferior. On the other hand, in the frame recording mode, two fields are recorded, so the vertical resolution is improved, but the number of recordable frames is 1/2, which is 25 frames.

The mechanical shutter of the present invention can support the above two recording modes.

FIG. 14 is a time chart when the mechanical shutter of this system is applied to a frame accumulation type CCD image sensor having 480 or more vertical pixels. The SG pulse is repeatedly output for each field (every 16.6 ms). 1 ms before and after the SG pulse is a vertical blanking period. If φV1 is rHJ when SG is rLJ, the photocharges of the odd field are transferred to the vertical shift register 62. Further, if φV2 is rHJ when SG is “L”, the even field photocharges are transferred to the vertical shift register 62. As shown in the figure, φV1. φV2 is S
G's rLJ and rHJ occur once every 33m5. Therefore, in this image sensor, the light accumulation time of each pixel for the odd field is 33 m5, and the light accumulation time of each pixel for the even field is 33 m5 with a phase shift of 16.6 ms from the accumulation time of the odd field.

Assuming that ■ to ■ shown in SG in Fig. 14 are optical accumulation times, odd field 1 of n+1 frame of video output
n+1 is a signal exposed during the time ■+■, and even field 2n+1 is a signal optically accumulated during the time ■+■. Therefore, when performing frame recording using this COD, if a field mechanical shutter [E] that performs shutter exposure for each field is combined,
Since shutter exposure is performed once in each of the odd and even fields, the moving object will be recorded as a double image.

Therefore, the mechanical shutter when recording frames is 33
It must be a frame mechanical shutter [F] that performs shutter exposure once every m5.

The exposure timing of the frame mechanical shutter [F] is as shown in the figure. That is, the second field (
It is sufficient to complete the shutter exposure operation during the period from when the transfer of the even field) is completed until the transfer of the next first field (odd field).In other words, the n+ frame exposure of the video output is 2”, n+
Exposure of two frames is performed at "3" of [F]. Therefore, when the disk rotates at 1800 R'PM, only one slit is required.

If the video output in+1°2n+1 is continuously recorded on two tracks using the frame shutter which performs the exposure operation at the timing described above, frame recording is completed.

Therefore, since this shutter is a rotary shutter, it is possible to record 30 frames per second.

On the other hand, by operating the frame shutter described above and recording only odd fields such as 1n or 1n+1.1n+2 of the video output on the track, it is possible to support field recording at 30 frames per second.

In addition, if it is an electronic camera that only performs field recording, the disc should be configured with two slits at 1800 RPM.
The shutter operation may be performed at a timing such as E]. In this case, field recording at 60 frames per second is possible.

As long as the control method is compatible with field recording using an element shutter, a method as shown in FIG. 15 is also possible.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the electronic imaging device main body;
a batch transfer type image pickup device that is installed to accumulate photocharges corresponding to a subject image obtained through the optical system of the main body and transfer the photocharges all at once using a transfer pulse;
A means for supplying a predetermined transfer pulse to the image pickup device, and a transfer pulse halting means for halting the supply of the transfer pulse by the means for a predetermined time based on an external command to perform long-term photoelectric charge accumulation. Therefore, it is possible to provide an electronic imaging device that can be used for both video imaging like a TV camera and still image imaging like an electronic camera, and can obtain clear images even when long exposure is required. .

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 are a system diagram and a perspective view showing a part of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are a system diagram and a perspective view showing a part of the second embodiment of the invention. 5 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the control system of the present invention, FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) are diagrams for explaining the shutter disc in the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a control timing chart. 8 to 10 are diagrams showing the configuration and operation of an interline type COD as a specific example of an image sensor. FIGS. 11 to 15 are diagrams showing timing charts in various storage/transfer mode examples. 1... First shutter disc, 2a, 2b, 5a. 5b...slit portion, 3. ...first motor, 4.
...Second shutter disk, 6...Second motor, 11
...Image sensor, 12.13...Optical sensor, 60.
...Interline batch transfer type CCD. Applicant's representative Patent attorney Jun Tsuboi Figure 1 Figure 3 Figure 4

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) An electronic imaging device main body and a batch transfer type imaging device that stores photocharges corresponding to a subject image obtained through the optical system of the main body and transfers the photocharges all at once using a transfer pulse. a means for supplying a predetermined transfer pulse to the image sensor; and a transfer pulse suspending means for suspending the supply of the transfer pulse by this means for a predetermined time based on an external command to allow long-term photoelectric charge accumulation. An electronic imaging device comprising: (2) The optical system is equipped with a mechanical shutter that allows short-time exposure to the image sensor. An electronic imaging device according to claim (1), characterized in that: (3) The electronic imaging according to claim (1), wherein the transfer pulse pause means pauses the transfer pulse for the image sensor an equal number of times for odd and even fields. Device. (4) The transfer pulse stopping means is for stopping the transfer pulse for the image sensor at the same time for odd and even fields.
The electronic imaging device according to item 1).