JPS60240883A - External-combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To function reliably and to facilitate practice by providing a heating cylinder, a cooling cylinder and a pressure cylinder on same axis while communicating each other and moving a thermal shield while interlocking with the motion of piston. CONSTITUTION:An external-combustion engine 1 is constructed with an operating section 2, a reciprocal section 3 and a thermal shield driving mechanism section 4. The operating section 2 is provided with a heating cylinder 5 having a heating section 13 at the outer circumference, a cooling cylinder 6 having a cooling section 15 at the outercircumference and a pressure cylinder 7 having cooling fins 17 at the outercircumference. Similarly, the reciprocal section 3 is provided with a heating cylinder 23 and a pressure cylinder 25. Pistons 11, 27 to be coupled through a piston rod 38 are contained in the operating section 2 and the reciprocal section 3 to be partitioned through a partition wall 21 while thermal shields 8, 26 are contained and interlocked with the motion of the pistons 11, 27 to be moved through said mechanism 4.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (b) Purpose of the invention [Industrial application field 1 This invention relates to an external combustion engine.

[Problems to be Solved by the Prior Art and the Invention 1 Recently, a new external combustion engine called a heat pipe engine has been developed.

The principle is that a heating cylinder and a cooling cylinder are connected to each other, a working fluid is sealed inside the cylinder, and the heat transfer surface of the cooling cylinder is closed or opened with a heat shield, so that the working fluid inside the heating cylinder is closed or opened. A change in state is caused in the piston, and the resulting pressure change is extracted by a piston to derive the movement. This principle is already well known (for example, the March 1982 issue of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science report), and is seen as a promising new engine that can utilize low-temperature heat sources such as factory waste heat.

However, this newly developed engine has not yet reached the practical stage.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and the purpose is to provide an external combustion engine that has a simple structure, operates reliably, can extract power, and can be put to practical use. It is.

(b) Structure of the Invention [Means for Solving the Problem] Corresponding to this object, the external combustion engine of the present invention includes a heating cylinder that houses a working fluid and is heated from the outside, and a heating cylinder that contains a working fluid and is heated from the outside. a cooling cylinder that communicates with and is cooled from the outside; a pressure cylinder that communicates with the cooling cylinder; and a heat shield that is movable between a position that covers the inner wall of the cooling cylinder and a position that exposes the inner wall of the cooling cylinder; A piston that is slidably located within the pressure cylinder, a heat shield drive mechanism that displaces the heat shield in conjunction with the movement of the piston, and a double action device that forces the piston to make a double motion. It is characterized by being prepared.

Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings showing one embodiment.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes an external combustion engine, and the external combustion engine 1 includes an operating section 2, a reciprocating section 3, and a heat shield drive mechanism section 4.

The actuating part 2 mainly causes the forward movement of the reciprocating movement of the piston 11, which will be described later, and includes a heating cylinder 5, a cooling cylinder 6, a pressure cylinder 7, and a heat shield 8.
and a piston 11.

The heating cylinder 5 has a cylindrical shape made of steel with one end 12 closed and the other end open, and is provided with a heating section 13 surrounding the outer periphery. The internal space 14 of the heating cylinder 5 can communicate heat with the heating section 13 via the cylinder wall. The heating part 13 is a part on the high temperature side, and can use factory waste heat or any other heat source, but in this embodiment, for convenience of experiment, an electric heater is used as the heating part 13.

The cooling cylinder 6 has a cylindrical shape made of steel with both ends open.
A cooling section 15 is provided surrounding the outer periphery.

The internal space 16 of the cooling cylinder 6 has the same diameter as the internal space 14 of the heating cylinder 5, is adjacent to the internal space 14, and communicates with the internal space 14'. This internal space 16 can communicate heat with the cooling part 15 via the cylinder wall. Cooling part 1
Reference numeral 5 denotes a portion on the low-temperature side, which is composed of a water-cooled or air-cooled cooling device.

The pressure cylinder 7 is made of steel and has a cylindrical shape, and is provided with cooling fins 17 on the outer periphery. The interior space 18 of the pressure cylinder 7 communicates at one end with the interior space 16 of the cooling cylinder and thus also with the interior space 14 of the heating cylinder 5 . The other end of the internal space 18 is closed by a partition wall 21. partition! 21 is also provided with a cooling device 22.

A reciprocating part 3 is located adjacent to the actuating part 2 with the partition wall 21 interposed therebetween.

The double-acting part 3 is mainly for performing a double-acting movement of the reciprocating movement of the piston 11, which will be described later. It comprises a body 26 and another piston 27.

The other heating cylinder 23 has a cylindrical shape made of steel with one end closed by the partition wall 21 and the other end open, and has another heating section 28 surrounding the outer periphery.

The internal space 31 of the other heating cylinder 23 can communicate heat with the other heating section 28 via the cylinder wall.

The other heating part 28 is a part on the high temperature side, and can use factory waste heat or any other heat source, but in this example, for convenience of experiment, an electric heater is used as the other heating part 2B. .

The other cooling cylinder 24 is made of IIA and has a cylindrical shape, and is provided with a cooling section 32 surrounding the outer periphery. Other cooling cylinder 2
The internal space 33 of No. 4 is the internal space 3 of another heating cylinder 23.
1, is adjacent to the internal space 31, and is adjacent to the internal space 3
It communicates with 1. Further, the other end of the internal space 33 is closed by a partition wall 34. This internal space 33 can communicate heat with the cooling part 32 via the cylinder wall. The cooling unit 32 is a part on the low temperature side, and is configured with a water-cooled or air-cooled cooling device.

The other pressure cylinder 25 is made of steel and has a cylindrical shape, and is provided with cooling fins 35 on the outer periphery. One end of the internal space 36 of the other pressure cylinder 25 is closed by a partition wall 34, and the other end is closed by a partition wall 37.

A piston 11 is slidably arranged in the pressure cylinder 7 , and a further piston 27 is slidably arranged in the other pressure cylinder 25 .

This piston 11 and the other piston 27 are fixedly connected by a piston rod 38. As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and especially Fig. 3, the screw, 1 ton rond 38 consists of small diameter portions 41, 42 at both ends which are concentrically connected, and a large diameter portion 43 in the middle. 41 is pressure cylinder 7
The large diameter portion 43 slidably penetrates the partition wall 21 from inside to reach the inside of the other heating cylinder 23, and the large diameter portion 43 slidably passes through the partition wall 34 from inside the heating cylinder to reach the inside of the other pressure cylinder 25. , and the small diameter portion 42 is connected to the pressure cylinder 2
It slidably penetrates the partition wall 37 from inside 5, penetrates the heat shield drive mechanism section 4, and extends to the outside. Small diameter part 41
Gas seals 44, 45, and 46 are provided between the large diameter portion 43 and the partition wall 34, and between the small diameter portion 42 and the partition wall 37, respectively, to ensure airtightness of the penetrating portion. is maintained.

A through hole 51 is formed in the small diameter portion 41 in the axial direction through which a heat shield driving iron 48 (described later) can be slidably inserted, and a thermal shield driving iron 48 is inserted into the large diameter portion 43. A large-diameter through hole 52 is formed in the axial direction, and the small-diameter portion 4 can serve as a passage for the working fluid.
2 has a through hole 53 formed in the axial direction through which the heat shield driving iron 48 can be slidably inserted.

The large-diameter through-hole 52 formed in the large-diameter portion 43 also functions as a working fluid passage, as described above, and both ends of this through-hole 52 are connected to other heating cylinders 23 by gas inlets and outlets 56 and 57. It opens into the internal space 31 and into the internal space 36 of the other pressure cylinder 25 . Therefore, internal space 3
1 and the internal space 36 are in communication through the through hole 52 of the large diameter portion 43. However, a gas seal 58 is inserted into the small diameter portion 41 where the heat shield drive L1 tube 48 (described later) passes through the small diameter portion 41.
is provided, so that the internal space 16 of the cooling cylinder 6
and the inner space 31 of the other heating cylinder 23 are the small diameter portion 41
There is no communication through the through hole 51, and both internal spaces 16 and 31 are airtightly separated. Further, the other piston 27 is located in the other pressure cylinder 25 and is fixed near the end of the large diameter portion 43 of the piston rod 38, but this other piston 27 is located closer to the partition wall than the gas inlet/outlet 57. 34 side, therefore the gas inlet/outlet 5
7 is two internal spaces 36a formed by dividing the internal space 36 of the other pressure cylinder 25 by the other piston 27,
36b is open to the space 36b on the partition 137 side, and therefore this space 36b is the heating cylinder 2
The internal space 36a on the partition wall 34 side is kept airtight.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and especially FIGS. 8 and 9, the heat shield 8 has a cylindrical shape with both ends open, and is slidably positioned tightly within the cooling cylinder 6. When located inside the cooling cylinder 6, it covers the inner wall of the cooling cylinder 6 to block heat transfer between the internal space 16 of the cooling cylinder 6 and the cooling section 15, and when displaced inside the heating cylinder 5. opens the inner wall of the cooling cylinder 6 and covers the inner wall of the heating cylinder 5 to block heat transfer between the internal space 14 of the heating cylinder 5 and the heating section 13 .

On the other hand, the other heat shield 26 has a cylindrical shape with both ends open, and is located so as to be movable within the other cooling cylinder 24. 24 to block the heat transfer between the internal space 33 of the cooling cylinder 24 and the cooling part 32, and also to cover the inner surface of the cooling cylinder 24 if the cooling cylinder 24 is displaced into another heating cylinder 23. The inner space 31 of the other heating cylinder 23 is opened and the inner wall surface of the other heating cylinder 23 is covered.
and other heating parts 28.

The heat shield 8 is fixed to the tip of the heat shield driving iron 48 by a nut 61. Rondo 48 for driving heat shield
passes through the through holes 51 , 52 , 53 of the piston rod 38 , and its rear end 62 extends to the rear of the heat shield drive mechanism 4 . Therefore, the piston 11 and the piston rod 38 can be displaced relative to the heat shield 8 and the heat shield driving iron 48 in the axial direction.

The other heat shield 26 is fixed to the large diameter portion 43 of the piston rod 38.

The configuration of the heat shield drive mechanism section 4 is as follows.

In other words, to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6.
As shown in the drawings and FIG. 7, a rack 63 is formed at a portion of the piston rod 38 corresponding to the heat shield drive mechanism section 4, and this rack 63 meshes with a pinion 64. A timing gear ratchet 66 is fixedly attached to a rotating shaft 65 of the binion 64, and a timing gear 67 is engaged with the timing gear ratchet 66.

A timing gear 67 is loosely engaged with the shaft portion of the timing gear ratchet 66 via a bearing 6B, and the timing gear 67 has a clearance 54 with respect to the timing gear ratchet 66.
It can freely rotate within a certain rotation angle range. 1 on the outer circumference of the timing gear ratchet 66 within a certain angle range.
external teeth 71 are formed on the inner periphery of the timing gear 67, while a certain angle r! Internal teeth 72 are formed in the range J, and when the internal teeth 72 and external teeth 71 mesh, the timing gear ratchet 66 engages the timing gear 67.
The timing gear 67 freely rotates with respect to the timing gear ratchet 66 within a range where the timing gear 67 is not engaged.

As a result, the timing gear 67 is driven only within the range in which the piston rod 38 is displaced to a predetermined axial position, and the timing gear 67 does not rotate when the piston rod 38 is displaced at any other axial position. timing gear 67
External teeth 73 are formed on the outer periphery of the idler gear 74.
The idler gear 74 meshes with the drive gear 75a. Therefore, the timing gear 67 is in a rotation transmission relationship with the drive gear 75a via the idler gear 74. On the other hand, the timing gear 67 meshes with an idler gear 76 at its external teeth 73, the idler gear 76 meshes with an idler gear 77 provided with a friction brake, and the idler gear 77 meshes with the drive gears 7, 5b. Therefore, the timing gear 67 is the idler gear 76.
It is in a rotation transmission relationship with the drive gear 75b via 77. An arm 78 is fixed to each drive gear 75a, 75b, and this arm 78 is connected to a connecting rod 81 through a shaft 82 so as to be relatively rotatable, and the other end of the connecting rod 81 is connected to a shaft 83. Support lever 8 through
It is connected to 4 parts. This support lever 84 is connected to the nut 85.
is connected to the rear end 62 of the heat shield driving O-rad 4B. As a result, the heat shield 8 is intermittently driven in conjunction with the coupled reciprocating movement of the piston 11. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the stroke of the piston 11 is 100 m111, and the heat shield 8 has a stroke of 151 m111 at both ends of the stroke of the piston 11.
is configured to be displaced by.

[Operation] Next, the operation of the external combustion engine configured as above and assembled vertically will be explained with reference to FIG. 11.

(1) First, if the piston 11 is located at the lower end of the pressure cylinder 7 and the heat shield 8 is located within the cooling cylinder 6, the working fluid within the heating cylinder 5 receives heat from the heating section 13, and heats up by latent heat of vaporization. is absorbed and evaporated, and the inside of the heating cylinder 5 becomes high pressure due to adiabatic expansion, pushing up the piston 11 (FIGS. 11(a) to (1)). In this case, since the inner wall surface of the cooling cylinder 6 is covered with the heat shield 8, the heat of the working fluid will not escape to the cooling section 15. Further, as the piston 11 rises, the other piston 27 connected by the piston rod 38 also rises within the other pressure cylinder 25, but the wall inner surface of the other heating cylinder 23 is not connected to the other heat shield 26. Because it is completely covered, the heat from the other heating section 28 does not enter the working fluid in the other pressure cylinder 25, and the pressure is kept low, and the other part of the internal space 36 of the other pressure cylinder 25 is kept at a low pressure. As the other pistons 27 rise, the working fluid in the internal space 36b on the rear end surface of the piston 27 flows through the gas inlet/outlet 57, the through hole 52,
The gas escapes into the internal space 33 of the other cooling cylinder 24 through the inlet/outlet 56, so that the other piston 27
It does not hinder the rise (forward movement) of 1.

(2) When the piston 11 rises to near the upper end of the pressure cylinder 7, the piston 11 continues to rise due to adiabatic expansion of the working fluid, but the heat shield drive mechanism section 4 moves the heat shield drive rod 48 in the direction of displacement. is switched between the external teeth 71 of the timing gear ratchet 66 and the internal teeth of the timing gear 67).

1 72 (FIG. 11(b)).

(3) When the piston 11 reaches the upper end of the pressure cylinder 7, the heat shield 8 descends, and the inner wall of the heating cylinder 5 is covered with the heat shield 8, allowing heat input from the heating section 13 to the working fluid. is shielded and the inner wall surface of the cooling cylinder 6 is exposed to start cooling by the cooling unit 15, so that the gas phase working fluid in the internal space 16 of the cooling cylinder 6 condenses and the pressure decreases. This causes the piston 11 to tend to descend due to its own weight. At the same time, the inner surface of the wall of the other cooling cylinder 24 is covered with another heat shield 26 to cut off the cooling by the cooling unit 32, and the other heating cylinder 24 is
The inner wall surface of 3 is exposed, and heat is transferred from the other heating section 28 to the working fluid in the other heating cylinder 23, and the working fluid evaporates due to the latent heat of evaporation, and due to adiabatic expansion, the working fluid in the other heating cylinder 23 is exposed. The internal space 31 of is under high pressure. This high pressure is led to the internal space 36b of the other pressure cylinder 25 through the gas inlet/outlet 56, the through hole 52, and the gas inlet/outlet 57, and the other piston 27 is pushed down by the high pressure in the inner space 36b. The other lowering of the piston 27 is done by the piston rod 38.
(first
Figure 1 (C)).

(4) When the piston 11 and other pistons 27 reach the vicinity of their respective bottom dead centers, the inner wall surface of the other heating cylinder 23 is covered with another heat shield 26, and the other heating part 2 is applied to the working fluid.
Heat input from the cooling cylinder 8 is blocked and the heat input from the other cooling cylinder 24 is blocked.
The inner wall surface of the cooling cylinder 24 is exposed and cooling by the C1 cooling section 32 is started, so that the working fluid in the gas phase in the internal space 33 of the other cooling cylinder 24 is condensed and the pressure is reduced (Fig. 11(d)).
).

The heat shield 8 then rises and returns to the initial state shown in FIG. 11<a>.

[Example] Diameter of piston 11 100111111 Diameter of other pistons 27 100+nm Stroke of piston 11.27 100n+m Working fluid Freon 11 Cooling water dry □□□ Normal Dry Heating cylinder temperature 80°C to 160°C When heating cylinder 5 .23 working fluid pressure is 0.5~2
, 5 K(] / am2, histone 1 m1 u approximately 1
Maximum 130K from piston rod 38 at 0111m/sec
It outputs a force of g.

(C) Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an external combustion engine that has a simple structure, operates reliably, can extract power, and can be put to practical use.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is an explanatory assembly diagram of the external combustion engine with the heat shield covering the cooling cylinder; Figure 2 is an assembly diagram of the external combustion engine with the heat shield removed from the cooling cylinder; The figure is a front explanatory view of the piston rod, Fig. 4 is a front explanatory view showing the assembled state of the binion and timing, gear ratchet and timing gear, and Fig. 5 is a side explanatory view showing the assembled state of the timing gear ratchet and timing gear. , FIG. 6 is an explanatory side view of the timing gear ratchet, FIG. 7 is an explanatory side view of the timing gear, FIG. 8 is an explanatory front view showing the assembled state of the heat shield and the heat shield driving rod, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory side view of the timing gear ratchet.
10 is a diagram showing the operation timing of the timing gear ratchet and the timing gear, and FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the external combustion engine. 1... External combustion engine 2... Operating part 3... Double acting part 4... Heat shield drive mechanism part 5... Heating cylinder 6... Cooling cylinder 7... Pressure cylinder 8
...Heat shield 11... Piston 13... Heating section 14... Internal space 15... Cooling section 21...
- Partition wall 22...Cooling device 23...Other heating cylinder 24...Other cooling cylinder 25...Other pressure cylinder 26...Other heat shield 27...Other piston 28 ...Other heating section 32...Cooling section
34...Partition wall 35...Cooling 1 Twin 37
...Partition wall 38...Piston rod 48...
・Heat shield driving rod 52...Through hole 54...
- Play gap 56...Gas inlet/outlet 57...Gas inlet/outlet
63... Rack 64... Vinymen 66... Timing gear ratchet 67... Timing gear 8
1...Connecting rod 84...Support lever Patent applicant Type City Third representative patent attorney Osamu Kawai Male Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 8 Figure 9 Funeral figure 10 Force 15mm stroke -7 (゛! Tree cover 100mm above T weight left 100 strokes 1st (0) (b) 1 (C) (d)

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A heating cylinder that accommodates working fluid and is heated from the outside, a cooling cylinder that communicates with the heating cylinder and is cooled from the outside, a pressure cylinder that communicates with the cooling cylinder, and covers the inner wall of the cooling cylinder. a heat shield displaceable between a position and a position exposing an inner wall surface; a piston slidably located within the pressure cylinder; and a heat shield that displaces the heat shield in conjunction with movement of the piston. An external combustion engine comprising: a body drive mechanism; and a double-acting device that forces the piston to move backwards. (2) The double-acting device includes another heating cylinder that houses a working fluid and is heated from the outside, another cooling cylinder that communicates with the other heating cylinder and is cooled from the outside, another pressure cylinder, and the another heat shield displaceable between a position covering the inner wall surface of the other cooling cylinder and a position exposing the inner wall surface; and another piston slidably located within the other pressure cylinder. and one internal space of two internal spaces defined by the other piston of the other pressure cylinder and the other heating cylinder are communicated with each other. External combustion engine described in item 1 of the range