JPS60220804A - Device for forming solid shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To manufacture a solid shape of the same shape as an object body by making a form sheet of the same or similar shape as a sectional shape with a thin sheet having a thickness at a certain ratio on a diameter of a beam light and by overlapping these. CONSTITUTION:A locus of light image is found with a beam light 2' each diameter DELTAh of the beam light 2' from the extreme bottom end Z0 to the extreme top end Zm of a model 1 which is an object on the plane formed by a beam light, i.e., the plane of X-Y axis and shape data (Xi, Yi) on the plane of X-Y axis of each change of diameter DELTAh of a beam light are found. Based on the shape data (Xi, Yi) found each diameter DELTAh of the beam light 2' as above these data are inputted to an NC laser cutting machine and the same form sheet as the shape data is produced and by overlapping these form sheets in order, a solid shape of same shape as an object body can be formed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional shape such as a three-dimensional image from an object having a three-dimensional shape such as a person.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, a copying machine tool, a casting machine, an inverted mold, etc. have been used to form an object having a three-dimensional shape into an equivalent three-dimensional shape.

However, due to dimensional limitations of machine tools, molds, etc.
There is a problem in that it is difficult to reproduce a three-dimensional shape from a target object that has a complex shape and noticeable irregularities because it is limited to objects that can be molded into a three-dimensional shape. Furthermore, when the target object is a soft calculation, there is a problem in that a high degree of skill and artistic sense are required in order to reproduce the object.

(Object of the Invention) The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art. , an object of the present invention is to provide a device that forms a three-dimensional shape that is equivalent to or has a constant ratio of a three-dimensional shape that is a target object.

(Structure of the Invention) According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, (1) a device for creating a three-dimensional shape from a target object having a three-dimensional shape, the beam light is fixed in the horizontal direction of the target object; beam light irradiation means for scanning a range; omnidirectional irradiation means for irradiating the entire circumference of the target object on the same horizontal plane in the horizontal direction with the beam light of the beam light irradiation means; and the target object of the entire circumference irradiation means. vertical position moving means for moving the vertical position of the target object; and continuous imaging of one light image of the surface of the target object on the same horizontal plane by the beam light irradiated to the target object by the all-round irradiation means and the vertical position moving means. cross-sectional measurement of measuring the cross-sectional shape of the surface of the target object with respect to the horizontal plane from the geometric relationship between the image capturing means, the trajectory shape of the light image obtained by the image capturing means, the beam light irradiation device, and the image capturing means; means, a template for creating a template with a thin plate having a wall thickness at a constant ratio to the diameter of the beam light and having a shape identical to or similar to the cross-sectional shape, based on the measured cross-sectional shape of the surface of the target object; A three-dimensional shape forming apparatus is provided, comprising a forming means, and forming a three-dimensional shape by overlapping the engravings.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, regardless of the complexity of the shape of the target object and regardless of the hardness of the target object, the three-dimensional shape is the same as the target object or has a fixed ratio (enlarged or reduced). can be easily made.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1a and 1b are diagrams showing a part of the configuration of the implementation row,
Model 1 with a simplified human face for ease of explanation
is the target object. Then, coordinate axes for the model 1 are set and used as a reference for the irradiation position of the beam light and the position of the optical image capturing device, which will be described later. The coordinate axes have the origin G at the center of the bottom of model 1, and the origin G in the elevation view of Figure 1a.
The horizontal direction from the origin is the X axis, the vertical direction from the origin is the Y axis, I
In the front view of the gIb diagram, the vertical center line of the model 1, which is the target object, is the two axes.

The beam light irradiation device 2 irradiates the target object, the model 1, with a beam light 2' of Atsushisha (for example, 0.5 birds) from a light emitting source 4, for example, Rede. The center line of the beam light 2' is perpendicular to the Z axis, and the beam light 2' of the thick crystal is scanned and irradiated onto the target object, the model, at a rotation angle (θ) using a rotating mirror, etc. and an optical lens system. do. The plane of this beam light is
The Y-axis system plane is set, and the origin ZO of the Z-axis is placed at the lowest end of model 1, which is the target object.

The ITV camera 3, which is a two-dimensional imaging device, is placed below the beam light irradiation device 2 at a certain distance. and,
The beam light 2' of the beam light irradiation device 2 and the optical axis of the ITV camera 3 have a constant angle β with respect to the X-Y axis system plane passing through the Z axis, and the viewing angle of the I'I'v camera 3 is is α. The beam light irradiation device 2 and the ITV camera 3 are fixed to a pedestal 8 that is slidably guided within a guide column 7, and the pedestal 5 is fixed to a pole nut 6 that is screwed into a ball screw shaft 5. A step motor (not shown) is connected to the ball screw shaft 5, and the step motor drives the nut 6, that is, the pedestal 8, up and down stepwise by the height of the diameter of the beam.

A device for irradiating the entire outer circumference of a model 1, which is a target object, with a beam of light 2';
In order to image the entire outer circumference of the TV camera 3 in accordance with this, in this embodiment, a model is created in which each of the four beam light irradiation devices 2 and the ITV camera 3, which is a two-dimensional imaging device, are the target objects. It is surrounded and arranged. In this case, the model 1, which is the target object, is arranged at an equal distance from the ITV camera 3 to the two axes, and the optical magnification of the ITV camera 3 is made equal, so that the model 1, which is the target object, Directly compare the light images of two beams of light,
Processes optical image measurement data.

Next, the geometrical positional relationship between the beam light irradiation device 2 and the ITV camera 3 with respect to the model 1, which is a target object, will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b.

In FIG. 2a, the rotation angle of the beam light 2 of the beam light irradiation device 2 is θ, and the field of view limit 8LM with respect to the Y axis is 0.
, +Ym, and the Y-axis position of model 1, which is the target object, at the origin G is Ym/7.

The irradiation range required for one beam light irradiation device 2 to irradiate the entire circumference of the model 1 is a range of 90° centered on the origin G, which is the range between YLI and YL2 on the Y axis. The beam light 2' irradiated from the beam light irradiation device 2 to the model 1, which is the target object, intersects the optical axis 3' of the ITV camera 3, which is a two-dimensional imaging device, at a constant angle of 1/l on the Z axis. , this 2
Let the projected position on the axis be zl. At this time, when the beam light irradiated from the beam light irradiation device 2 to the target object 1 is imaged by the ITV camera 3, which is a two-dimensional imaging device, the optical image in this cross section of the model 1, which is the target object, is as shown in figure fg6. In this case, an optical image plane is obtained, which is an ant-shaped image due to a succession of light beams. In this optical image plane, the line segment 10 is an image of a straight line passing through the aforementioned 21 and parallel to the Y axis. Also, the point P1 shown in FIG. 6 is the point P1 of the optical image of the beam light shown in FIG.
, which is an arbitrary point of the beam of light irradiated onto the surface of model 1, which is the target object.

In Figure 2, the length of the perpendicular line drawn from point P1 to the plane that includes the optical axis of I'ff camera 3 and is parallel to the Y axis is 11
Also, when the length of the perpendicular drawn from point pi' to line segment 10 in FIG. 3 is Yi', and the length of line segment Pi'Yi' is Δzi, then ai = 1/nxazi n : Optical magnification of ITV camera.

In this case, Δz1 is calculated as follows.

As shown in Figure 6, one CCITV camera screen has one screen (
In general, it consists of about 240 to 500 scanning lines, which are arranged in order from the top to S1, S2, and so on. ...8n...
・Set as 3r. As shown in FIG. 4, the ITV camera 3 outputs the screen start signal vBL, then the first horizontal scanning signal HBL, and then the video signal corresponding to the brightness signal of the hoe. S1 is scanned for a time ta. Then, when the scanning on Sl is completed, the HBL signal is outputted again, and the video signal is sequentially scanned from S2. Here, when there is one light image of the beam light 2' in scanning on the Sn, it appears conspicuously in the video signal H8 as a female light image signal BH8. Then, the scanning is repeated in sequence up to the scanning of Sr, and the scanning of one screen is completed.

Next, when the scanning of Sr is completed, the beam light is moved by Δh to an adjacent position in the Z-axis direction by the motor, and then the horizontal scanning start signal is output as described above because the start signal vBL for the next one screen is output. New 1 is output sequentially
The screen is scanned.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing a control circuit for calculating Δz1 using this ITV camera, 3 is an I'ff camera, 31 is a separation circuit, The video signal H8 of the optical image of light 2', the horizontal scanning start signal HBL, and the screen start signal 'VBL are input to the separation circuit 31, and the separation circuit 31 separates the video signal and HBLXvB.
Separate L. 20 is a counter for counting the number of horizontal scanning start signals HBL, and is reset to O when the screen start signal vBL is transmitted. Therefore, after the screen start signal vBL is transmitted, the counter 20
The number of horizontal scanning start signals HBL until the next vBL is transmitted is counted. In this way, the scanning line number S1 is detected according to the content counted by the counter 20. When this scanning line number S1 is detected, this scanning line number S1 is multiplied by the scanning line interval Δq by a multiplier 21 to convert the length from S1 to S1. Then, it is subtracted from the value of rX42 (the center line of the screen, ie, the position of line segment 10 in FIG. 6) in the subtracter 22 to calculate the vertical length of the scanning point with respect to line segment 10.

On the other hand, an oscillator 23 is provided which outputs interval pulses equally divided by the scanning time ta + m of one scanning line, and these interval pulses are counted by a counter 24, and the interval pulses are reset to 0 by a horizontal scanning start signal HBL. . In this case, the counter 24 counts the pulses from the oscillator 23 on the previous scanning line until the horizontal scanning start signal HBL for each scanning line is output. Multiply the length obtained by dividing the length into m equal parts by ye. In this way, the horizontal position of the scanning point on the image plane of the ITv camera is calculated from the output signal of the multiplier 26.

In addition, the binarization circuit 25 is connected to the separation circuit 31 in order to convert the video signal H84 into logical binary values of bright 61'' and dark 0.
is connected to the rear of the binarization circuit 25 and only the video signal H19 is connected to the binarization circuit 25.
The beam light image portion irradiated onto the outer periphery of the model 1, which is the target object, is output as “1” and the other portions are output as “ON”.

As for the vertical position of the optical image, the output of the instantaneous subtracter 22 when the output 1 of the binarization circuit 25 is "1" is stored in the storage circuit 28 via the date circuit 2T.

Regarding the horizontal position of one light image, when the output of the binarization circuit 25 is 1'', the output of the multiplier 26 is stored in the storage circuit 30.

In this way, according to the block diagram shown in FIG.
One scanning line S shown in Figure 3 regarding the light image on the screen
1, the vertical position Δz1 and horizontal position Δy1 are determined. Note that there are cases where multiple ΔZi and Δy1 are detected for one scanning line l, but these are
All of them are determined as Δ711 to Δy1p.

Converting one screen of this ITV camera to a two-dimensional plane in the plane of the beam light, that is, an X-Y axis system plane Yj = 01
−1×Δyi ) n Xi 1 +(−+−xΔ71 ) (2) I, n n : Optical magnification of ITV camera The above calculation is performed by a general-purpose microcomputer or the like.

Then, in order to irradiate the entire model 1 with the light beam 2', the light beam 2' is driven up and down in steps.

That is, since the beam light irradiation device 2 is fixed to the pedestal 8 and fixed to a pole nut that is screwed into the f-rule screw shaft 5,
By rotating the ball screw shaft 5 with a motor (not shown), the pedestal 8 is driven stepwise up and down with respect to the two axes by the height of the diameter (thickness) Δh of the beam light.

Then, the beam light 2' creates an optical image for each diameter Δh of the beam light 2' from the lowest end zO to the uppermost end Zm of the model 1, which is the target object, on the plane formed by the beam light, that is, the X-Y axis system plane. Based on the trajectory, shape data (Xi, Yi
).

Based on the shape data (Xi, Yi) found for each diameter Δh of the beam light 2', these data are NC-processed.
A template identical to the shape data is created from the thickness Δh of the thin plate by inputting it to a Rede cutting machine (template forming means). By sequentially overlapping these templates, a three-dimensional shape having the same shape as the target object is created.

According to this embodiment, even if the target object, such as a human face image, has a complex shape and a soft surface, a three-dimensional image can be easily formed.

In this example, when forming the template, a thin plate with the same wall thickness as the diameter of the beam light was used to form the same shape as the target object, but the thickness of the thin plate was set at a constant ratio to the diameter △h of the beam light. ,
By setting the shape data (xt, Yi) to a constant ratio, a three-dimensional image that is easily enlarged or reduced can be formed. In addition, although four beam light irradiation devices and ITV cameras were used in this embodiment, a pedestal 9 shown in FIG. A light beam may be irradiated and an image may be taken with an ITV camera.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

In the first example, a means for scanning the beam light irradiation means within a fixed angle range was used, and an ITV camera, which is a two-dimensional photographing device, was used as the photographing means.

In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG.
It was moved parallel to the axis, and a one-dimensional line sensor and camera, which are one-dimensional imaging devices, were used as the imaging means.

This will be explained below.

In FIGS. 6a and 6b, 12 is a beam of light 12'
In this beam light irradiation device, the light beam 12' only performs parallel scanning, and unlike the first embodiment, does not scan within a fixed angular range. The beam light irradiation device 12 is fixed to a pedestal 18 movable in the Y-axis direction and two-axis directions.
- A beam of light 12' with a diameter Δh is projected perpendicular to the Z-axis plane, and the beam of light 1z is projected while moving the pedestal 18 in the Y-axis direction.
is scanned in parallel and irradiated the target object, model 1.

For movement in the Y-axis direction, the ball nut, ball screw, etc. are moved by a stepping motor (not shown), similar to the drive in the Z-axis direction shown in the first embodiment. Note that 19 is a Y-axis position detector.

In addition, a one-dimensional line sensor camera 13 is arranged on the pedestal 18 in the F direction parallel to the Z-axis of the beam light irradiation device 12.
The one-dimensional line sensor camera 13 is mounted so that its optical axis forms an angle β with respect to the Y plane, and its detection direction is parallel to the XZ plane.

In this embodiment as well, four sets of the above-described mounts 18 are arranged to detect the shape of the entire circumference of the target object 1 around the Z-axis without any breaks, and only one of them will be described here.

Figures 7a and 7b show a beam light irradiation device 12 and a one-dimensional line sensor camera 1 for a model 1, which is a target object.
(al is an elevation view, (b) is a front view. In the same figure, Zl is the intersection of the optical axis of the line sensor camera 13 and the two axes. be.

The one-dimensional line sensor camera 13 is composed of an optical lens 50 and a one-dimensional line sensor 51 as shown in FIG. 8a, and the one-dimensional line sensor 51 has a minute photodetector element 40 as shown in FIG. E numbers in one row (generally 12
8 pieces, 256 pieces, 512 pieces, 1024 pieces...40
96) They are arranged in a row.

Beam light 12 currently irradiated from beam light irradiation device 12
′ and the surface of the model 1 that is the target object is Pl, and when the point P1 is imaged by the one-dimensional line sensor camera 13, the image Pi′ on the one-dimensional line sensor is the 0th point of the one-dimensional line sensor 51. In addition, the image Z'i of Zl is E
/ Suppose that the image is focused on the second element. In FIG. 8a, the length of a perpendicular line drawn from point P1 to a plane including the optical axis of the line sensor camera 12 and parallel to the Y axis is 11, and the length of one element of the one-dimensional line sensor 51 in the line direction is 11. If Δq is the magnification of the optical system of the n-line sensor camera, the element number e of the one-dimensional line sensor on which the image Pi′ is formed is determined as follows.

As shown in FIG. 8b, a load Δq is generated in the valley element of the one-dimensional line sensor 51 according to the amount of light received (light intensity x light reception time).

41 converts the charge stored in each element into a charge/voltage converter 4
2, and is opened and closed one by one from the first element in response to the switching signal CH8 from the control circuit 43 during the ΔT waiting time. (At the same time, only one switch is open and all others are closed.) Figure 8C shows the output screw after the charge of each element is converted from charge/1 to screw pressure by the pressure converter 42. It is a pressure waveform.

Since a beam light image is formed on the 0th element among the 1st to 8th elements, a higher level of output can be obtained compared to the outputs of the other elements.

FIG. 9 shows a circuit for detecting the element number e from the one-dimensional line sensor output.

The counter 44 is a counter for counting the number of switch opening/closing signals, and is reset to 0 by the switch opening/closing start signal STB output from the control circuit 43 immediately before the first switch opening/closing signal is output. The number of switch opening/closing signals SO8 outputted from the control circuit 43 until the next STB signal is counted. Therefore, the number of the switch currently being opened or closed can be detected from the output of the counter 44.

The binarization circuit 45 is a circuit that converts the output voltage of the charge/voltage converter 42 into logical binary values of bright "1" and dark "0". The area where is irradiated (pt point) is 61", the rest is 1"
Output as 0".

The r-to circuit 46 outputs the output of the counter 44 at the moment when the output of the binarization circuit 45 is 1" (bright) to the storage circuit 48, and stores it.

Next, as described above, the pedestal 18 can move in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and the current position with respect to each axis is detected by two position detectors. The date circuit 47 outputs the output of the Y-axis position detector at the moment when the output of the binarization circuit 46 is '1' (bright) to the memory circuit 49, and stores it in correspondence with the memory circuit 48 (in the same order). This is repeated while moving the pedestal 18 in the Y-axis direction from point 0 to point Ym in FIG. 7a at a pitch of the diameter Δh of the beam light.

By the way, in Fig. 7b, the length xl of the point P1 in the X-axis direction from the Z-axis is determined by 1...[4] xi =''!iX5, and using the formula [4], 1 E 1 x1= -X [(--e) to X]×□, A2...[5].

Further, the Y coordinate Y1 at this time is the value of the Y-axis position detector. The calculation of formula [5] is performed using an electronic circuit, a microcomputer, etc., and the cross-sectional shape of the target object 1 parallel to the X-Y plane is determined.

Forming a template based on the cross-sectional shape to form a three-dimensional shape is the same as in the first embodiment.

According to this embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, since a one-dimensional licensor camera is used, the cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1a and 1b are schematic plan and elevation views of a first embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 2a and 2b are explanatory diagrams for measuring an optical image of a target object in the same embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the screen of the ITV camera (two-dimensional imaging device) of the same embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the scanning state of the screen shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing data processing for calculating the cross-sectional shape of the same embodiment. Figures 6a and 6b are schematic plan and elevation views of a second embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 7a and 7b are explanatory diagrams for measuring an optical image of a target object in the same embodiment. FIGS. 8a, 8b, and 8c are diagrams showing the imaging state of the one-dimensional line sensor camera (imaging device) of the same embodiment. FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing data processing for calculating the cross-sectional shape of the same embodiment. (Explanation of symbols) 1...Model (target object) 2.12...Beam light irradiation device 2', 12'...Beam light 3...ITV camera (two-dimensional imaging device) 5... Ball screw 6...Pole nut 7...Guiding column 8.18...Base 13...-dimensional line sensor camera (-dimensional imaging device) Agent Akira Asamura Fig. 60 Fig. 6b Fig. 7b Fig. 80 Figure 8b Figure 80 Procedural amendment (method) % formula % 1. Indication of the case 1982 special g''Application No. 77212 2. Name of the invention Three-dimensional shape forming device 3. Person making the amendment 1' Relationship with F Patent applicant 0, company abbreviation) Kawasaki Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. 4, agent July 31, 1982 5, number of inventions increased by amendment 1, "Article 2a on page 7, line 9 of the specification""Figure2b'" is corrected to "Figure 2". λ, "Figures 2a and 2b" in the first line of page 21 of the same page are replaced with "Figures 2a and 2b".
Figure 2 has been corrected. MoT”Saishikan ↓ Ding

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) An apparatus for creating a three-dimensional shape from a target object having a three-dimensional shape, comprising: a beam light irradiation means for scanning a beam light in a certain range in the horizontal direction of the target object; and a same horizontal plane in the horizontal direction of the target object. All-around irradiation means for irradiating the entire circumference of the upper part with the beam light of the beam light irradiation means; Vertical position movable means for moving the vertical position of the all-around irradiation means with respect to the target object; The all-around irradiation means; an imaging means for continuously capturing optical images of the surface of the target object on the same horizontal plane by beam light irradiated onto the target object by the vertical position movable means; and a locus shape of the light image obtained by the imaging means and the beam light. a cross-sectional measuring means for measuring the cross-sectional shape of the surface of the target object with respect to the horizontal plane from the geometrical relationship between the irradiation means and the imaging means; and based on the measured cross-sectional shape ζ of the surface of the target object,
A thin plate having a wall thickness that is a certain ratio to the diameter of the beam light,
A three-dimensional shape forming apparatus comprising: a board forming means for creating a template having the same or similar shape to the cross-sectional shape, and forming a three-dimensional shape by overlapping the engravings.