JPS60201885A - Tongue assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to power tongs of the type used for assembling and disassembling tool couplings when performing drilling operations in oil fields, and in particular to interrelated power tongs and back-up tongs. It's about assembly.

1. There are many tong assemblies that are effective for assembling and disassembling nail-like elongated tool joints. However, many tongs are complicated to install and operate, and/or have a limited range of applicable drill pipe sizes.

In addition, some tongs tighten the tool joint in only two places,
This increases the pressure for removing and attaching the joint from the grip of the jaw die to approximately the same value as the pressure for pressurizing the tool joint. Still other tongs utilize three or more jaws and associated clamping dies to relieve stress on the tool joint. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,005,621, this type of tongs preferably has three jaw dies that simultaneously cam engage the tool joint so that an equal force is applied to the tool joint. I'm trying to join in. This patent further includes a backup I-tongue which is pulled from the power tong, and this backup tong is adapted to be displaced as necessary during assembly and disassembly of the tool joint. These power tongs and backup tongs, like the well-known tongs, are such that during operation the tool joint is located along the long axis of the tong and on its central axis. Sometimes it is in the center of the main hole around it.

A preferred tong assembly includes an interrelated power tong and a backup tong, such that the backup tong has actual contact with the tool fitting at at least three points, and is assembled without displacing the backup tong. It is designed to be able to be disassembled.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The tong assembly of the present invention provides three points of contact between the tool joint and the backup tong, including one contact point on the jaw. Each tong assembly is simple in configuration and operation, and rolls back-up tongs!
-6- It is made to operate without any effort. During operation, the center line of the long axis of the backup tool is moved from the center axis of the tool joint.

In a preferred embodiment, conventional power tongs may be used, such as those described in U.S. No. 4,005,621.
Interrelatedly connected to the backup tongs, the power tongs and backup tongs each have a front hole for receiving a tool coupling. The backup tongs are located below the power tongs, and the tongs are generally parallel. This allows the backup tongs and the power tongs to both lie in a horizontal plane during operation on a vertically extending tubular joint. The term "upper" or "lower" hereinafter refers to the position of these tong components in the horizontal plane. A pair of longitudinally extending support arms extend from the rear of the power tong toward the front of the backup tong. These support arms are suitably twisted and sufficiently flexible to permit laterally displacing and rotating the backup tongs in a horizontal plane corresponding to the power tongs.

The power tongs and the backup tongs are related to each other so that the rear part can be moved back and forth. The power tongs have a section that extends in four directions and fits loosely within a square hole in a gusset that is attached to the power tongs so that the power tongs are movable and rotatable within a predetermined range. ing.

The back-up tongue receives a tool joint that is tightened within a concave replaceable bushing with two parallel sides formed at the correct angle to the rear surface. The side-to-side dimensions of the bushing are greater than the outline of any tool fitting to be tightened. Further, between the upper and lower surfaces of the bushing, a window is formed which opens into the inside of the recess in the vicinity of the free jaw which acts as a cam together with a toothed die for tightening. The other end of the jaw is formed as a gear that meshes with a power gear driven by a hydraulic piston in a cylinder that is pivotably bin-coupled to the back-up tong. These power transmission components are supported between upper and lower plate assemblies.

The two power parts that make up the free jaw are attached to the back-up I-ring, one of the power parts is used for assembling the tool joint, and the other power part is used to disassemble the tool joint. Each of the free jaws is shaped like a cam, and as will become clearer later on, these free jaws are tightened firmly in a position opposite the bottom tube of the tool joint during operation. I was automatically ordered to sit down.

backup!・The swingable rigid arm attached to the rear surface of the tool joint is used when the backup tong makes contact with or does not contact the tool joint, or when the backup tong is connected to the power tong.
It can be expanded or contracted when performing a predetermined rotation on LL. The rigid arm is swingably mounted by a hydraulic cylinder and is free to extend or contract in a telescoping relationship between two cylinder tubes.

The operation of the power tongs and backup tongs are set at an angle such that the central axes of their long axes coincide with the central axis of the tool joint. Furthermore, it is desirable that these axes be aligned so that the tong assembly can be operated smoothly.

When operating the tong assembly, by removing the tool joint from the front holes formed in the power tongs and backup tongs, the upper pipe is tightened by the power tongs and the earthen pipe is tightened by the backup tongs. In this case, the tool coupling is clamped by the jaws of the power tongs in a conventional manner, with the central axis of the tube lying along the long axis of the tongs. In contrast to the prior art, the backup tongs are moved to a position such that the central axis of the clay pipe and the clay pipe is laterally offset from the centerline of the long sleeve of the backup tongs. When the tool joint is located at the corner of the bushing, the tool joint contacts the rear face and one side with an angle of approximately 90°, and the third contact point is established by the die teeth of the free jaws acting as a cam. Ru. If the support arm shifts laterally,
The backup tongs are moved to a position slightly offset from the center of the power tongs.

For example, to create a needle-like elongated connection, the power tongs rotate the top pipe and the three contact points of the back-up tongs hold the pipe in place. As the torque from the power tongs increases, the clay pipe tends to slip slightly within the bushing.

However, the tightening force of the free jaw, which acts as a cam, is
The force increases with the minimum amount of slippage, and finally the force is such that the free jaws and the clay pipe, which act as cams, tighten themselves.
The tightening when fixed reaches the value. This tightening is such that the working horn created between the camming free jaw and the bushing resists the continuous torque acting on the tool joint within the back-up tongue housing.

The reaction force acting on the swing fulcrum tends to rotate the backup tongs around the jaw-to-tube contact point, which acts as a cam. The relative rotation between the power tongs and the backup tongs is measured by the support arm.

There is. Removal of the tool joint is similar to the one-piece operation, but when removing the tool joint, the bush and the second
It is supported in the opposite corner of the jaw that acts as a cam, and enters the bushing from the opposite side of the tongs, and this tool joint is used to contact and tighten the earthen pipe. .

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a tong assembly 20 is shown including a backup tong 22 mounted below a power tong 24. As shown in FIG.

The interconnection between the power tongs and the backup tongs is such that they allow limited movement relative to each other. To explain in more detail, the connection part 2 to be pin-coupled
6 allows the backup tongs 22 and the power tongs 24 to be mutually movable back and forth. As best shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, in the area of the pin-joint connection 26, a back-up tongue extension 112 with a square-shaped four-part cross section is inserted into the larger square opening in the gusset 124. It is supported within the hole 113. These squares are arranged on parallel sides and their relation to each other allows rotation through some angle between the power tongue and the back up tongue. A pair of support arms 28
is fixed to the rear part of the power tongs 24 by mechanical fixing means or welding, etc., and a lip 30 is attached to the front end of the backup tongs 22. includes means for holding the back-up tongs 22 horizontally relative to the power tongs 24, such as adjustment screws 33.The support arms 28 are sufficiently flexible to allow for lateral offset, particularly There is sufficient flexibility in the front between the power tongs 24 and the backup tongs 22 so that the backup tongs 22 rotate in a horizontal plane relative to the power tongs 24.

As used in the detailed description and claims, the term "lateral" refers to the longitudinal direction of the power tongs and backup tongs, as shown in FIG. . The long sleeve of the backup tongs is indicated by the numeral 32, which is used on the centerline of the long axis of the backup tongs. “Front” is the tubular member or tool joint 34
The direction of the end of a power tong and a backup tong with an opening for receiving a workpiece as a vibrator is shown.

The axis of the tubular workpiece is shown as central axis C and is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG.

Backup tong 22 has an opening 36 into which a tool coupling 34 can be inserted. A replaceable bushing 38 is located within the frontage 36. Mount with 4 bolts
An attachment lug 40 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) is provided on the bushing 38, which is attached to a mating lug 42 (see FIGS. 1 and 8) by 6 on the housing 44 of the backup tong 22. Bushing 38 is formed in a concave inner region 48 . The inner space of the bushing 38 has one flat rear surface 50 and two flat side surfaces 52.
It is formed between 54 and 54. Side faces 52,54 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to rear face 50. side 52
．． 54 and rear surface 50 are rigidly configured to allow slight rotation of tool joint 34 when excessive force is applied to prevent tool joint 34-to-bushing 38 from dislodging.

The bush 38 is formed with a window 56 into which a free member 58 and a die 60 are loosely inserted as components that can freely enter and exit the internal space 48.

A freely replaceable die 60 (FIGS. 1, 5, and 6) sits inside a notch 62 in a free class 58 (FIGS. 1, 4), and is connected to a hole 64 in the free class 58 and the die. It is positioned by a bolt (not shown) inserted into a hole 66 at 60. The die 60 has teeth 68 that contact and engage the upper tube of the tool fitting 34. The free member 58 can swing freely by a pin 70 inserted into an aperture 72 formed therein. Further, this free type 58 has an Fi 174 that meshes with the power gear 76.

Power gear 1776 (FIGS. 1 and 7) is free to swing due to pin 78 inserted into aperture 80 and has teeth 82 that mesh with teeth 74 of free gear 58.

The other end of the power gear 76 opposite to the teeth 82 is free to swing relative to the piston rod 84 by a pin 86 inserted into an opening 88 formed in an ear 90 of the gear 76 .

A piston rod 84 extends from the cylinder 92;
This cylinder 92 is rotatably coupled around a bin 94 attached to the housing 44 . The cylinder 92 has a boat 96 that allows hydraulic fluid, preferably pressure oil, to be freely inserted into and taken out of the cylinder behind the piston ring 98. Boat 100 is in free communication with the area in front of piston ring 98.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the center (b) of the swing pin 72
The positional relationship between the center line (C) of the long axis of the tubular joint and the contact point (a) of the free class 58 and the tool joint 34 is the positional relationship of three vertices of a triangle. The self-tightening action works because
This is because the length of line segment bc is always shorter than the sum of the lengths of line segment ba and line segment aC. It has been found that the tongue assembly works effectively when the cam angle or angle abc is between approximately 3 and 7 degrees when full engagement is in effect. When the cam angle is larger than this, when torque is applied, the free class 58 and the die 601.
iTend to slip from tubular fittings. In other words, self-tightening loses its effect. Conversely, when the cam angle is smaller than the above range, the load acting on the backup tongs is greater than in other preferred cases, and this large load acts on the pin 72 on the die teeth, causing it to try to expand further. A force is created at the aperture 36.

The first power device shown in FIG. 1 is comprised of a cylinder 92, a piston rod 84, a power gear 76, and a freewheel 58. A similar second power device is located on the opposite side of the housing as a mirror image of said first power device as shown at 99. Similarly, lugs 40, 42 for mounting bushing 38 are located on the opposite side of the housing. It is located on the side.

The housing 44 of the backup tong 22 is connected to the bottom plate assembly 102 and the top plate assembly 104 in a conventional manner, as best shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
It is composed of. Freedom class 58, power gear 76,
Piston rod 84 and cylinder 92 are located between bottom plate assembly 102 and top plate assembly 104. Bottom plate assembly 102 and top plate assembly 104 are separated by vertical support members 106 and side plates 108. Clip 30 is attached to side plate 108. The joint and the forward area of the back up tong 22 are apertured to allow movement of the free fitting 58. Housing lug 42 extends downwardly from bottom plate assembly 102, as shown in FIG. Backup 1 - Lag 2
An extended portion 112 extending to the rear of the holder 2 is formed to constitute a groove with a square cross section, and is loosely fitted into a square opening 113. The front and back sliding between the backup 1~ng and the power tongs is achieved by a rectangular extension part 112.
It is achieved by skating along the .

In FIG. 8, front legs 114 and rear legs 116 are shown. These front legs 114 and rear legs 116 are attached to the tongue assembly 20.
is used when it is placed on the floor.

The front legs 114 and the rear legs 116 extend below the lugs 42 to protect them from damage. Housing 44
A latch lug 118 and a hinge bin aperture 120 are shown at the tip of the joint. A well-known closing door 119 is fitted into the hinge pin aperture 120 to allow the hinge pin to swing freely.

The door 119 is latched onto the latch lug 118 when in the closed position and is rigidly attached to a back-up tongue which keeps the opening 36 from opening when torque is applied to the tool joint. 3 square shaped posts 1
22 is fixed to the housing 44. housing 4
A gusset 124 is attached to the rear of the 4 to provide structural support for the connection area of the back up tongue and in particular the extension 112. Referring to FIG. 11, double hinge 128
Stiff arm 126 is shown connected to backup tong 22 via. A drive piston and cylinder 130 are attached to the stiff arm 126 and are actuated by hydraulic fluid, preferably oil. The drive cylinder 130 and stiff arm 126 are swingably mounted on the drill rig where the tongs are used by pivot holes 132, 134.

The stiff arm 126 is constituted by an inner tube 136 that fits freely inside an outer tube 138.

Bar 140 is inserted into a hole 142 formed in inner tube 136. Springs 144 and 146 bias inner tube 136 and outer tube 138 in preset directions.

To explain the operation of the tong assembly 20 when assembling the joint, first the tong assembly is connected to the power tongs 2.
The power tongs are moved to a position where they can tighten the upper pipe by the rise during tightening in step 4. At this time, the die teeth of the free type of the backup tongs are located at a high position where they contact the upper pipe. Tong assembly 20 is moved to a position such that backup tong frontage 36 and power tong opening are around tool fitting 34. The stiff arm contacts the backup tongs and actuates the tong assembly around the tool coupling. The tool joint is then positioned opposite the rear surface 50 of the bushing. Such movement is accomplished by extension of the drive piston and cylinder 130.

When the backup tong moves f1, in Fig. 1,
the piston rod 84 contracts in the direction of the cylinder 92;
The power gear 76 is oscillated clockwise and the free gear 58 is moved 1 degree counterclockwise. The swinging motion of the free type continues until the die 60 contacts the tool joint 34. When the power tongs 24 are actuated, the tightening die and other components engage the tool coupling 34 and are designated at 148 in FIG.
? - The long axis of the power tongs shown coincides with the central axis C of the tool joint 34 in the longitudinal direction. In other words, in the power tongs 24, the axis C of the tool joint 34 is the same as the power tongs 24.
4 tightening (= located in a position that matches the center between the J dies. When the tool joint is rotated by the power tongs,
This tool joint is installed on the side 52 of the replaceable bushing. In this position, the axis C of the tool joint is offset from the long axis 32 of the bank up tongue by a distance of 11fd. In other words, the backup tong long sleeve 32 is laterally offset from the central axis of the tool joint by a distance d with respect to the long axis of the power tong.

Power tongs rotate the upper tube of the tool joint clockwise,
When torque is applied, the upper tube rotates a small amount clockwise. This slight clockwise rotation is the tool joint 3
The self-tightening of the teeth 68 of the die set on the wall of 4 is determined by the force. Thus, as the contact point of the die tooth moves clockwise, the distance from the 11i moving pin 70 to the contact point of the die tooth increases, so that the counterclockwise rotational force of the free class corresponding to the clockwise rotational force of the tool joint increases. Free type 58 and die 6 so that the rotational force naturally acts against the contact point.
It will be appreciated that a cam profile of 0 and its position have been set. In this sense, free classes perform cam movements. The rigid surface of the final bushing 38 is such that rotation of the tool joint and the bushing is minimized so as not to dislodge the bushing.

A torque continuously applied clockwise to the upper tube opposes a corresponding static torque acting counterclockwise on the upper tube.

The free type acts to suppress and control the torque of the upper tube by the reaction torque f1 corresponding to the counterclockwise direction. These forces are transmitted to the housing through pin 72 and replaceable bushing 38.

Torque continues to act on the upper tube that makes up the tool joint, and the tongs and butterfly tongs tend to rotate clockwise relative to the power tongs. This rotation is suppressed by the power tong socket square groove connected to the backup tong extension 112.

When the power tongs apply a preset value of torque to the tool joint, the tightening of the power tongs acting on the -L portion of the tool joint rotates in the opposite direction to release the force. Removal of the backup tongue from the bottom member of the tool joint causes the piston rod 84 to extend outwardly from the cylinder 92.

This is accomplished by applying pressure oil through the boat 96 to the rear of the piston ring 98, which causes an acting force f3 to act on the piston ring, which results in an acting force f3 acting on the cylinder pin 94. acting force f
3 is transmitted to the power gear 1776, the power gear 76 rotates in the counterclockwise direction f2 as shown in FIG. The power gear 76 transmits the acting force f2 to the free gear 58 through gear teeth meshing therewith. The swinging motion of the free member 58 is suppressed by a die f168 that bites into the tool joint. The bottom member of the tool joint is secured to the tool assembly by external forces such as those caused by slippage on the drill base or excessive loading of a long drill string. The connection between the backup and power tongs at the rear of the tong assembly forms a square hole that is smaller than the square aperture, allowing for relative rotation at an angle of around 3°, thus allowing for relative rotation. The acting force causes the power tongs to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, stiff arm 1
38 extends and retracts to rotate the backup tong and power tong assembly counterclockwise with sufficient rotation m to release the die teeth engaging the tool joint.

At this time, the piston has fully extended forward, so the free jaw, which acts as a cam, moves to the retracted position where it disengages from the inside of the back gear tongue housing, as shown by the imaginary line in Figure 1. .

Generally, the disassembly operation is performed as the opposite operation to the assembly operation. That is, a second clamping device 99 consisting of a free jaw, a power gear, a piston and a cylinder is used, the upper tube of the tool joint being located at the corner opposite to the rear face 50 and side face 54 of the bushing. The action that occurs when operating the power tongs to disassemble the joint by rotating the upper tube counterclockwise) j is the backup l for the power tongs - the puffer is turned counterclockwise a1 Make it rotate in the direction.

The disclosed tong assembly provides effective tightening of tool joints for assembly and disassembly operations. One tightening number die is used in a series of assemblies or disassemblies;
If you use a t-no-die, the power will be 1 for the tool joint.
- The lug and the back-up tongs do not have to be centered or in a straight line with respect to each other, thus allowing a more flexible operation than before. In addition, replaceable bushings allow the range of tool joint geometries to be broadly extended, and in the same way a larger range of tool joint diameters can be accommodated by using appropriate bushings. . It is naturally possible to make slight changes or add other components to the tong assembly as described above, and the matters described in the detailed description of the invention and the drawings are merely examples. It will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a simplified top view of selected components of the backup tong of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a simplified side view of the backup tong shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a simplified side view of the backup tong of the present invention; Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional plan view showing the free jaw, Figures 5 and 6 are side and front views respectively showing the die that can be attached to the free jaw, and Figure 7 is a diagram showing the power gear. FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10 respectively show a bottom view, a front view, and a partial side view of the housing joint of the backup tong of the present invention, and FIG. 11 shows the rigid arm and backup tong of the present invention. FIG. 22: Backup tongs 24: Power tongs 28: Support arm 34: Tool joint 38 Nibush 50: Rear 52.54: Side 58: tll Ganto Yamada: Jimmy Manufa, Kucharing Company Agent: Patent attorney Kodai Matsumoto Figure 3: Happy 1. (2) Figure 7

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A tongs assembly for assembling and disassembling an elongated tubular tool joint having an upper part, a lower part, and a central axis, the tongs assembly having means for tightening, rotating, and positioning the long shaft and the upper part of the tool joint. A power tong whose central axis of the tool joint is disposed on the long axis line, a bush l located below the wartong and having a long axis, a rear surface, and both side surfaces, a die having teeth, and the tool joint. The tool joint is composed of a pull-up tong having a means for engaging the die teeth at the lower part thereof, a connecting support means for connecting and mutually supporting these power tongs and the backup tongs, The central axis of the tool joint is firmly supported between the rear surface of the bush and the side surface of the bush, and the central axis of the tool joint is positioned on the non-axial line of the long axis of the tong, and the connecting support means number 1<tsutsua/1~ A tong assembly characterized in that the tongs and the power tongs are allowed to perform predetermined lateral movement and rotational movement relative to each other. (2) The long axes of the power tongs and the backup tongs are normally aligned in a straight line, and are arranged with a space on the side of the lower part of the tool joint, which is firmly supported by the die, the rear surface of the bushing, and the side surface of the bushing. A tong assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: (3) The tongue assembly according to claim 1, wherein the bushing is free to be removed and both sides thereof are set substantially perpendicular to the rear surface. (4) The die contacts the lower part of the tool joint with the die teeth and the rear face of the bushing and the side face of the bushing so as to activate the teeth of the die relative to the tool joint as the lower part of the tool joint is rotated in a selected direction. 2. A ring assembly according to claim 1, wherein the ring assembly is incorporated in a jaw formed in the shape of a cam. (5) The tong assembly according to claim 4, wherein the jaws are positioned and formed such that the cam angle is preferably 3 to 7 degrees. (6) The connecting means includes a pair of flexible arms extending from the rear part of the power tongs to the front part of the backup tongs, an extension part located at the rear part of the backup tongs with a rectangular intersection part, and an extension part fixed to the power tongs and expanded. 2. A tongue assembly as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a gusset having a square hole which is slidable and rotatable with a predetermined angle of rotation of preferably 3[deg.]. (7) A tongue assembly rotatably engaged with an elongated tubular joint having an elongated central axis, the front opening being formed within the body and receiving the elongated tubular joint; a power tong having a means for rotating the elongated tubular joint at a tightening point; a backup tong having a main housing supporting a bush and a swingable member; and a back-up tong for interconnecting the power tong and the backup tong. said plank has a small hole for receiving an elongated tubular fitting partially restrained near the rear and both sides; said free part has an elongated tubular fitting received in a bushing; selectively positioned to retain an elongated tubular joint engaged with and secured between the free member and the rear surface and one side, the back-up tongs being swingably supportable by the power tongs; The power tongs are characterized in that the main housing and the bushing of the backup tongs are rotatable at a preset rotation angle relative to the power tongs in a plane approximately perpendicular to the central axis. (8) The bushing can be moved to the backup tongs]
8. The tong assembly of claim 7, wherein the bushing hole is concave and each side surface of the bushing is substantially perpendicular to the rear surface thereof. (9) The bushing has a window through which the free parts can freely move in and out of the bushing hole.
Tong assembly as described in section. (10) The connecting means is 1. a pair of flexible arms having one end attached to the rear of the power tongs and the other end to the front of the backup tongs, preferably 3° between the power tongs and the backup tongs about an axis perpendicular to said central axis; 10. The tong assembly according to claim 9, further comprising a gusset that allows rotational movement of the tong assembly. (11) Power 1~ng includes the long axis of the bhawani tongs, and the backup tongs include the long axis of the backup tongs, respectively.
The circumferential axis and the central axis coincide on the elongated tubular joint located at the center within the bushing, and the elongated tubular joint is extended in the tubular joint which is positioned to contact the free member, the rear surface of the bushing, and the side surface of the bushing. The tongs according to claim 7, wherein the central axis is located on the long axis of the power tongs and is disposed laterally at a predetermined distance from the long axis of the backup tongs. Assembly. □
(12) The free piece is rotatably attached to the backup tong by the bottle fulcrum (b), so that when the free piece and the elongated tubular joint come into contact at the main contact point (a), the free piece is elongated from the bottle fulcrum (b). The cam angle formed by the line extending through the central axis of the tubular joint and the other line extending from the pin fulcrum (b) through the main contact point (a) is preferably between 3 and 7 degrees.
Claim 7 is characterized in that:
Tong assembly as described in section. (13) means for power actuating a backup tong with respect to an elongated tubular fitting having a rigid arm hinged to the backup tong at one end and swingably attached to the other end; and rotating the rigid arm about the other end. 2. The tong assembly according to claim 1, wherein the rigid arm is formed to be freely expandable and contractable in its longitudinal direction.