JPS6016863B2 - horizontal forging machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to metal plastic working, and more specifically to a horizontal forging machine (horizontal mechanical press).

The present invention can be effectively applied to the production of forged products that require a large rope holding force during forging, such as when forging drill tip ends.

Currently, such forged products are obtained using horizontal forging machines such as those described below.

First, the blank is gripped by the mold with the help of side slides and grip slides,
Next, the material is forged through the center slide of the forging machine. During forging, the grip slide is used not only to grip and hold the material while shaping it, but also to forge it.
The forging force on this grip slide is equal to or greater than the rated force produced by the central slide. For this purpose, it was necessary to create a special purpose horizontal forging machine that could carry out forging operations not only on the central slide, but also on the grip slide, which exerts a force equal to or greater than the force of the central slide.

In addition to this, there have always been strict requirements for the accuracy of forged products and reduced machining tolerances, and there has been a strong need for horizontal forging machines to meet these requirements. Today, horizontal (horiz)
Various horizontal forging machines having split dies and vertical (verUcal) split dies are known. EmmMo(FR
SMZE type horizontal forging machine with horizontal split die from Company O (see French Patent No. 1362965, IPC, B23i)
has a bed, and this bed is a fixed half type (half type).
-die), which houses a crankshaft and a central slide connected to this crankshaft by a connecting rod. The forging machine also has a grip clamp with a movable mold half connected to the bed by pins. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the crankshaft, and the other end is attached to the plain bearing of the grip clamp via a lever mounted on the bed and a tension rod (P side) located inside the grip clamp. It is connected to a lever carried by an eccentric shaft. An external tension shank aligned with the central axis of the bed is connected to the grip clamp by an eccentric shaft. A drive shaft with a flywheel is mounted in the bed with rolling bearings. A clutch and brake are carried by the crankshaft. The bed houses an electric motor connected to the flywheel by a pulley and drive belt. The movement of the electric motor is transmitted to the flywheel by a transmission belt.

A drive gear meshes with another gear to rotate a crankshaft, which in turn moves a central slide via a connecting rod. The crankshaft is also connected to another articulating shaft, which imparts a reciprocating motion to the eccentric pith via a lever device. The eccentric spindle rotates and transmits its motion via a connecting rod to the gripping clamp, which grips the material in the mold during its T-down movement. The central slide carrying the punch is then advanced and the material is forged. The grip clamp engine is designed to suitably perform forging operations using movable dies. However, this design of horizontal forging machines has considerable drawbacks.

During forging, scale builds up and the gripping marks of the bottom clamping half are pressed into the material, which deteriorates the quality accordingly.

The movable die mounted on the grip clamp moves in an arc, which also has a negative effect on the quality of the forging when forging is carried out with the grip clamp.

The actuator of the grip clamp consists of a lever, which makes it impossible to guarantee a constant material gripping force during the working process of the grip clamp.

Assuming that the gripping force decreases from the minimum to the maximum and then to the minimum, 2
The degree fluctuates. This has a negative impact on the reliability and longevity of the forging machine mechanism and on the quality of the forging. Another drawback of the forging machines described above is that the molds are difficult to install and remove.

For example, mold removal requires moving the punch out of the forging area first when removing the mold from the forging machine. The WSHK type with a horizontally split die is known as the Yokobuta forging machine.
Published by miedemaschinenSWHK (see brochure), this blind forging machine has a bed consisting of two parts, an upper part and a lower part.

The lower part of the bed houses a central slide articulated to a crankshaft, the end of which carries a gear that meshes with a gear mounted on the driveshaft, and a clutched flywheel. This crankshaft is equipped with a brake and a brake. The electric motor that drives the forging machine is mounted on a base plate that pivots behind the forging machine. The upper part of the bed houses a grip slide connected to the crank of the crankshaft by a lever device, a hydraulic safety device, a pivoting lever and an articulating shank. This forging machine operates as follows. The rotation of the electric motor is transmitted to the flywheel via the transmission V-belt, and when the clutch engages, the rotation is transmitted from the flywheel to the drive shaft, and a gear attached to the drive shaft gives rotation to the crankshaft via another gear. This crankshaft reciprocates the central slide by means of an articulating rod. Under the action of another connecting rod, a pivoting lever, a hydraulic safety and a lever, the crankshaft moves up and down in a guide in the upper part of the bed. It also moves the slide. As the grip slide descends, it grips the material in the mold, while the center slide moves forward to shape the material into the required shape. The grip slide is lowered by the force of the center slide. The disadvantage of this horizontal forging machine is that scale builds up inside the lower mold and marks are left on the forging, thus reducing the quality of the forging. .In addition,
Since the grip slide motor is composed of a lever device and the lever must pass through the center dead center for the grip slide to hold the material, the gripping force fluctuates twice during the grip slide working process. . It is difficult to install and remove the mold in the above-mentioned forging machine.

In addition, a horizontal forging machine from National, which has a vertically divided die, is known (S.M. Nesvit, 0.1.
Written by NWn'ko
ovochniye mashinyiikh areo
matizabiya'' (Horizontal-f
ORGINGMAEHI S AND THEIR
automation),''N is ChinoS
troeniye ”PubliSbedai, Mo
SCoW, 1964), this forging machine has a bed,
It comprises a central slide with a punch and a grip slide with a mold located within the bed guide.

A crankshaft is mounted on plain bearings in the bed and carries gears and a Wo-profile cam. A drive shaft is mounted in the bed with rolling bearings and carries a gear in mesh with said gear and a flywheel mounted on another rolling shaft. Side slides are placed in the bed parallel to the center slide. The electric motor that operates the forging machine is attached to a hinge board on the bed. The rotation of the electric motor is transmitted through V-belts, clutches, drive shafts,
The transmission is transmitted to the crankshaft through a transmission gear, which causes the central slide to reciprocate through the connecting rod and
The side slide's movement is transmitted via a contour cam and then to the grip slide via a lever device. The material is gripped and held by the grip slide under the action of two contour cams.

The grip sliding force is 1/3 of the rated center sliding force. A larger gripping force greatly increases the contact stress on the cam's contact surface and causes wear of the contact surface. Thereby, the mold clamping force is kept constant by the actuating cam of the gripping slide during the working stroke of the central slide. The vertical die contributes to the effective removal of scale, an advantage that horizontal forging machines with a horizontal die lack.

However, horizontal forging machines with this type of design have a grip sliding force that is less than 1/3 of the rated force of the central slide, which reduces the processing capability of the forging machine and is suitable for forgings that require greater gripping force. Cannot be manufactured. The use of actuating cams in the stock gripping mechanism precludes the forging of machine parts that require the action of both a central slide and a gripping slide whose force is equal to or greater than that of the central slide.

Another disadvantage of this forging machine is that the life of the grip slide is shortened by the large contact stresses that occur on the cam-to-roller contact surfaces.

The object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal forging machine with a grip mechanism designed to ensure a constant material gripping force during the working process of the central slide and a forging action by the grip slide with a force equal to or greater than the force of the central slide. This is the offer.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to widen the processing possibilities of horizontal forging machines.

Another object of the invention is to increase the reliability of horizontal forging machines.

And finally, another object of the invention is to improve the quality of the produced forgings.

These objectives are for horizontal forging machines in which the crankshaft is linked to the central slide via a crank mechanism and to the grip slide via a driving cam and side slides.
According to the invention, the crankshaft has a separate crank mechanism, and the connecting rod of this separate crank mechanism provides for reciprocating movement relative to this side slide and transfers the movement from the crankshaft to the grip slide. This is achieved by a horizontal forging machine, which is characterized in that it is mounted in side slides for transmission during the working process.

This structural arrangement of the horizontal forging machine increases the material gripping force and at the same time keeps it constant during the working process of the central slide, which reduces the rated force by 1. 5. Allows the forging of parts from tubular stock that requires 3 times as much gripping force as without, and gives the appropriate profile of the gripping mechanism cam, with the gripping time up to an optimum value as a function of the central slide working process. It can be adjusted by

Forging with a grip slide with a force equal to or greater than the rated force of the central slide is provided with an additional crank mechanism that transmits the movement of the crankshaft through the side slides to the grip slide during the working process of the grip slide. achieved. Additionally, such an arrangement allows forging action by the grip slide with a force equal to or greater than the central slide force rating.

It is advantageous that the working process of the grip slide is carried out at the beginning of the process in such a way that the speed of the side slide and the speed of the articulation shank mounted on the side slide are equalized.

This increases the reliability of the forging machine and smoothes the transmission of motion from the actuation cam to the side slide crank mechanism.

As a result, the crank mechanism generates the appropriate force on the grip slide during forging or material holding, and the firing cam is only engaged to hold the mold closed during the idle retraction movement of the grip slide. This significantly increases the reliability of the forging machine and extends its service life considerably.

The invention will be explained by means of exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG.

The illustrated horizontal forging machine (mechanical press) has a flywheel 3
and a bed 1 carrying a drive shaft 2 with a clutch 4 and a brake 5.

A gear 6 is attached to the drive ball 2 like a cantilever. The crankshaft 7 is a sliding bearing and is pressed against the pet 1, and has two crank mechanisms. The crankshaft 7 has a gear 8 that meshes with the gear 6, and a cam 9.
and 10. The crankshaft 7 is connected via an articulation 11 of one crank mechanism to a central slide 12 with a punch 13 and to a slide 15 via an articulation 14 of the other crank mechanism. This slider 15 has a clearance within the side slide 16.
A" can be formed. The side slide 16 has a safety mechanism 17 against overload, and this safety mechanism is formed by a bell crank (lever) 17a joined within the size slide 16 with a hinge.

One of the arms of the bell crank 17a is attached to a spring 17b, and the spring of the bracket is connected to a link 17c that is joined to the side slide 16 at a stop.
The second arm of the bellcrank 17a is articulated to a fork 17d and in turn this fork 17.
d is joined to one of the arms of the lever 17e with a joint. The lever 17e is rotatably mounted within the side slide 16, and the other arm of the lever 17e is aligned with the lever 18, and the lever 17e
is pressed against the 3 sides of the side slide 16 by a spring 17b via a bell crank 17a and a fork 17d. Normally in load operation, bell crank 17a
, fork 17d and lever 17e are held fixedly relative to side slide 16 in the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 by preload spring 17b. The side slide 16 is connected via a safety mechanism and levers 18, 19, 20 to a grip slide 21 which supports a movable mold 22. Clearance "A" is selected to ensure movement of slider 15 within side slide 16 during the idle phase of grip slide 21. A fixed mold 23 is installed in the bed 1 of the forging machine.

Side slide 16 has rollers 24 and 25, which are in contact with cams 9 and 10, respectively (FIG. 2). The forging machine is driven by an electric motor 26 with a pulley 27 and a transmission V-belt 28. The crank and cam actuator for the grip slide 21 is shown in FIG.

Spring 29 maintains rollers 24 and 25 in contact with cams 9 and 10. The horizontal forging machine operates as follows.

Rotation of the electric motor 26 is transmitted to the flywheel 3 with the clutch 4 via a pulley 27 and a transmission V-belt 28.

A signal to start the forging machine releases the brake 5 from the drive shaft 2, and then another signal causes the clutch 4 to disengage the flywheel 3.
Activate to engage Driving Ball 2. Rotation of the drive shaft 2 is transmitted via a gear 6 to a gear 8 attached to a crankshaft 7. The rotation of the crankshaft 7 is then transmitted to the central slide 12 carrying the punch 13 via the articulation rod 11 of one of the crank mechanisms, and the cam 9,
10, transmitted to the grip slide 21 with the movable mold 22 via the rollers 24, 25, the connecting rod 14 of the other crank mechanism, the slider 15, the side slide 16, the protection mechanism 17, and the levers 18, 19, 20. . At the beginning of the process, the cam 9 moves the side slide 16 via the roller 24, while the articulating heave 14 moves the slider 15.
to move at a faster moving speed than the side slide 16.

However, since the clearance "A" is provided between the slider 15 and the side slide 16, no movement is transmitted from the slider 15 to the side slide 16. This period is an idle movement period of the grip slide 21. As the slider 15 and side slide 16 continue to move, the slider 15 increases the clearance "A".
” is contracted and comes into contact with the side slide 16.

The state of the mechanism of the forging machine at this time is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. When the slider 15 and the side slide 16 come into contact, their moving speeds are made equal by the shape of the cam 9. Next, the movement from the crank ball 7 is connected to the connecting rod 14,
slider 15, safety mechanism 17 and levers 18, 19,
20 to the grip slide 21. When the load on the grip slide 21 exceeds the rated value, the load on the spring 17b also increases, and as soon as the rated level of the spring is exceeded, the spring is compressed (indicating an excessive weekly rate). The clip slide 21 rotates around a pin 17f set in the clip slide 21, and its arm rotates the fork 17d and the lever 17e by the pin 17g in the side slide 16.
becomes stationary, but the side slide 16 continues to move. Bell crank 17a, fork 17d, lever 17
e and lever 18 are in the position shown in FIG. The arm dimensions of the safety mechanism 17 and the levers 18, 19, 20 are such that the side slide 16 can be advanced to its most advanced position.

As the side slide 16 returns, the bell crank 17
a, fork 17d, lever 17e and spring 17b are in their initial positions as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. In normal load operation, the bell crank 17a, fork 17d and lever 17e of the safety mechanism 17 are in the first position.
It remains fixed relative to the side slide 16 in the position shown in the figures and FIG.

Upon completion of the actuation stroke of the grip slide 21, the molds 22 and 23 are closed. When the crankshaft 7 rotates further,
Cam 9 engages roller 24 and slider 15 moves away from side slide 16.

The molds 22, 23 remain closed by the cam 9. After the hetting operation by the central slide 12 is completed, the central slide 12 returns to the initial position, and the mold 22 also begins to move in the direction of the initial position together with the grip slide 21.
Movement of the grip slide 21 is provided by the cam 10 via rollers 25, side slides 16, safety mechanism 17, levers 18, 19, 20. At this time, the slider 15 moves freely within the side slide 16. After both the central slide 12 and the grip slide 21 have completed their working cycles, the mechanism of the forging machine remains in the starting condition. The operating cycle of the forging machine is then repeated in the order described above. If clutch 4 is not disengaged, the forging machine will operate automatically.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal forging machine according to the present invention when there is a clearance "A", and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the line 0-- in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the river and a schematic view of the cam actuator of the grip slide; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the horizontal forging machine according to the present invention without clearance "A"; FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line W--N in FIG. 3 and is a schematic view of the cam actuator of the grip slide, and FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the safety mechanism in an "overload" state. 2... Drive shaft, 7... Crankshaft, 9,1
0...Cam, 11...Connection shank, 14.
... Lotus acid birch, 16...・Side slide, 17...
...Safety mechanism! 8, 19, 20... lever, 21
...Grip slide, 22, 23... Mold. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a horizontal forging machine in which the crankshaft is linked to a central slide via a crank mechanism and to a side slide with a grip slide via a driving cam, the crankshaft 7 is linked to another crank mechanism. a connecting rod 14 of this further crank mechanism is provided for reciprocating the slider 15 relative to the side slide 16 and for transmitting motion from the crankshaft 7 to the grip slide 21 during the working stroke of the grip slide 21. A horizontal forging machine characterized in that the horizontal forging machine is installed in the side slide 16 so as to do the following. 2. Patent characterized in that the working stroke of the grip slide 21 is carried out in such a way that at the beginning of the working stroke the speed of the side slide 16 and the speed of the connecting rod 14 mounted in this side slide are equal. A horizontal forging machine according to claim 1.