JPS60165552A - Automatic biochemical analysis device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To analyze automatically and quickly concn. of gamma-globuline, etc. in the serum of a specimen by detecting the suction pressure in the stage of sucking the serum bu a suction nozzle and determining the specific viscosity of the specimen from the suction pressure. CONSTITUTION:The serum of a specimen is put into a vessel 2 and is sucked by a suction nozzle 3. A pump 7 is driven and the suction pressure is detected by a pressure gage 5, for example, a pressure gage utilizing a semiconductor piezo- resistance effect. If the concn. of protein, for example, gamma-globulin or the like in the serum is high, the specific viscosity increases and therefore the suction presure increases. The concn. of the protein such as gamma-globulin or the like in the serum is automatically and quickly determined by detecting the suction pressure of the specimen sample by the above-mentioned device. The device is effective in clinical examination of the multiple myelome, hepatocirrhosis, collagen disease, etc.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an automatic biochemical analyzer for analyzing chemical components of serum and the like.

, [Technical aspect of the invention l Serum proteins include albumin, α-globulin, β-riboprotein, and γ-globulin, but when serum proteins are elevated, it is usually when γ-globulin is elevated. It is.

Since γ-globulin has a large molecular weight and a large intrinsic viscosity, serum viscosity increases as the molecular weight increases.

This situation will be explained based on the graph of FIG. 1 showing the relationship between the relative viscosity (ηr) and protein concentration (o/l) of 11hrI4.

The figure shows the protein concentration (Q/dl) on the horizontal axis and the relative viscosity (η') on the vertical axis, and shows the relationship between protein concentration and relative viscosity for albumin, γG-globulin, and γM-globulin. It shows.

γ-globulin, which has a high intrinsic viscosity, has a protein concentration of 10 (o
/dJ), and the relative viscosity (ηr) increases approximately linearly until γG-globulin and γM-globulin have protein I! As the temperature increases, the relative viscosity (η'') of serum tends to increase significantly.

The main diseases that cause an increase in serum protein concentration are those in which γ-globulin in the serum increases, and the serum viscosity increases in proportion to the protein amount, so it is difficult to estimate the approximate protein amount from the serum viscosity. becomes possible.

This situation will be further explained in detail based on FIG.

The figure shows serum relative viscosity (η) in normal adults on the horizontal axis.
The relationship between the serum total protein concentration ((1/dj!) is plotted on the vertical axis, and it is understood from the figure that the two are in a substantially proportional relationship.

Diseases in which serum protein is highly elevated include those in which γ-globulin is pathologically elevated, such as multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia, and those resulting from illness, such as liver cirrhosis and collagen disease. Next, there are diseases in which γ-globulin increases.

In all of these diseases, the hydrodynamic resistance during blood flow increases significantly, resulting in hyperviscosity syndrome.
It is called e).

In order to quickly diagnose various diseases in which serum protein levels are elevated, such as hyperviscosity syndrome, it is very important to measure the viscosity of serum.

However, when trying to accurately measure serum viscosity, the method is extremely complicated and time-consuming.

There are two types of viscometers for measuring the viscosity of serum: a rotary type and a capillary type, and the latter is generally used to measure biological samples such as serum or plasma.

Figure 3(a) shows a conventional example of a capillary type with a viscosity of 1.

Shown in (b).

The one shown in FIG. 3(a) is called a Hess viscometer, in which the end of B is connected to a capillary tube in a U-shape, and a rubber bulb C is provided at the connecting portion.

In this Hess type viscometer, fill the capillary tube A with serum up to the O scale.
Next, fill capillary tube B with water up to the O scale.

Then, negative pressure is applied to the serum and water from the rubber bulb C, and suction by the rubber bulb C is stopped when the water reaches one scale. At this time, the viscosity of the serum is measured by determining how far the serum in the capillary tube A has moved.

In addition, T in the figure is a thermometer.

The one shown in Fig. 3 (b) is called the Aswald type viscosity reduction, and the viscosity side is placed in a constant temperature bath, and the sample liquid is dropped into a capillary tube through a glass bulb Q. It is configured to measure the time from M1 shown to M2, and the relative viscosity of the serum is obtained by comparing the velocity of serum and the velocity of water.

In these viscosity estimation methods, the operations are complicated because injection of the sample, reading of measured values, calculation of relative viscosity values, etc. are all performed manually.

Furthermore, these viscometers require a very large amount of sample, about 25 IIlt.

Therefore, although the accurate viscosity of serum, plasma, etc. is known to be of various clinical importance, the reality is that it is hardly measured in routine clinical tests.

In addition, the graphs shown in Figures 1 and 2 above and Figure 3 (a)
The viscometer shown in , (b) is based on the reference literature (Tadashi Kawai, Plasma Protein 2: Basics and Clinical Practice, Igaku Shoin, 1977).

On the other hand, in addition to accurately measuring the viscosity of serum, doctors and laboratory technicians also make observations before starting the test to see if there are any precipitates in the serum, and if the texture is mushy when inhaled through the upper part of the body. At this point, abnormal serum was discovered empirically.

[Problems with the background technology] In recent years, biochemical tests have become increasingly automated and human specimens are automatically measured, so there is currently no room to observe individual serum samples. In some cases, the blood is sent directly from the device to an automatic biochemical analyzer, and in such cases it is no longer possible to observe the serum.

[Object of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an automatic biochemical analyzer having a function of simply and quickly measuring the approximate viscosity of a specimen.

[Summary of the Invention] The outline of the present invention for achieving the above object is to provide an automatic biochemistry analyzer that has a suction nozzle for aspirating a sample such as serum and analyzes the chemical components of the sample, in which the suction pressure of the suction nozzle is The viscosity of the sample is measured based on the output of the pressure gauge.

[Embodiments of the invention] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

In the figure, 1 is a biochemical automatic analyzer, and a container 2
The suction nozzle 3 has a suction nozzle 3 for suctioning the sample from the suction pipe 4. It is connected to a pump 7 built into the analyzer main body 1a via a pressure gauge 5 that utilizes a semiconductor piezoresistance effect and a suction vibro.

The operation of the automatic biochemical analyzer 11 having the above configuration is shown in FIG.
The explanation will be made with reference to the analog output data of the pressure gauge 5 shown in a) and (b) and the graph showing the relationship between the specific viscosity of the sample and the pressure gauge output shown in FIG.

The automatic biochemistry analyzer 1 aspirates a certain amount of a specimen through a suction nozzle 3, dispenses it into each reaction tube (not shown), adds a reagent to each reaction tube, and then reacts it at a constant temperature for a certain period of time. After that, it is guided to the photometry section, where it is subjected to arithmetic processing and the measurement results are printed out using a printer or the like.

Since a pressure gauge 5 is interposed between the suction nozzle 3 and the pump 7 that applies suction pressure and discharge pressure to the suction nozzle 3, for example, when the sample is water, the output of the pressure gauge (analog output data) Pw has a waveform as shown in FIG. 5(a).

In addition, if the sample is serum, the output of the pressure gauge (A
(output data) Pc has a waveform as shown in FIG. 5(b).

In the figure, p cmax indicates the maximum value of the serum suction pressure.

The output Pc of the pressure gauge is amplified by an amplifier installed in the device main body 1a in advance, and the measurement results are printed out by a printer or the like.

Figure 6 shows the relationship between the specific viscosity (CD) of the sample with respect to water by adding glycerin to it and the output Pc of the pressure gauge, and shows the relationship between the specific viscosity (CO) and the output Pc of the pressure gauge.
It is understood that the higher the pressure gauge output Pc is, the more proportionally the pressure gauge output Pc increases.

Therefore, the specific viscosity of the sample (cp
), and by printing out this specific viscosity (cp) using a printer or the like, it can be effectively used for diagnosing various diseases in which γ-globulin in serum increases.

Note that even if the viscosity of the serum itself is used instead of the specific viscosity (cp), the proportional relationship with the output pc of the pressure gauge can be determined.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention.

Further, as an example of application, the amount of albumin in a self-produced protein measured by a colorimetric method and the viscosity measured by the above-mentioned automatic biochemical analyzer can be compared and calculated. In this case, it is possible to know to some extent which fraction of serum proteins is elevated, and this result can be useful for diagnosis.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention described in detail above, a biochemistry automatic that can simply and quickly measure the viscosity of a sample such as serum is equipped with a pressure gauge that measures the suction pressure of a suction nozzle. It is possible to provide an analytical device.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the protein concentration and relative viscosity of various serum proteins, Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between serum relative viscosity and serum total protein concentration, and Figure 3 (a> is the Hess type viscosity). FIG. 3(b) is a schematic plan view showing the configuration of the Oswald type viscosity meter, FIG. 4 is a schematic front view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5(a) is a schematic plan view showing the configuration of the meter. A waveform diagram showing the output of the pressure meter when water is used as the specimen, Figure 5 (b) is a waveform diagram showing the output of the pressure meter when serum is used as the specimen, and Figure 6 is the specific viscosity and pressure. It is a graph showing the relationship with the output of 81. 1... Biochemical automatic analyzer, 1a... Analyzer main body, 2... Container,
3... Suction nozzle, 4, 6... Vibrator, 5... Pressure gauge, 7... Pump.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (In an automatic biochemical analyzer that has a suction nozzle that sucks a sample such as II serum and analyzes the chemical components of the sample, it is equipped with a pressure gauge that detects the suction pressure of the suction nozzle, and the output of this pressure gauge is based on the An automatic biochemical analyzer characterized in that it measures the viscosity of a sample.