JPS60163371A - Nonaqueous battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To increase the discharge capacity and the discharge voltage of a nonaqueous battery by using as an electrolyte a mixture prepared by combining thionyl chloride with aluminum chloride, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal and a metal phthalocyanine. CONSTITUTION:A nonaqueous battery is constituted by using thionyl chloride as the positive active material and an active metal as the negative electrode. An electrolyte for the battery is prepared by dissolving a small quantity of a metal phthalocyanine such as iron phthalocyanine in a solution prepared by combining thionyl chloride with aluminum chloride and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal of a molar amount of at most that of aluminum chloride. As a result, the average discharge voltage and the capacity of the nonaqueous battery are increased and a large energy density can be achieved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an oxyhalide battery represented by a lithium thionyl chloride battery, which has a larger discharge capacity per unit ff1ffi of porous carbon in the positive electrode than conventional batteries.
Moreover, the present invention provides a battery with a high discharge voltage.

In a lithium-thionyl chloride battery using a thionyl chloride solution as an acidic electrolyte in which aluminum chloride is used as a Lewis acid and lithium chloride is used as an alkali metal salt in moles of aluminum chloride or less, the discharge is as shown in equation (1). First, a reaction involving aluminum chloride occurs, and the discharge product becomes lithium aluminum tetrachloride, which is soluble in the liquid. Further, the electromotive force of this reaction is as high as about 4 cm.

N brother C, Ls 4Ll+ 2SOC+2-1--→4Ll△1c14+
s+sO2...(1) As this reaction progresses and aluminum chloride is consumed, the reaction of equation (2) occurs next, and lithium chloride, which is insoluble in the liquid, is deposited in the porous carbon of the positive electrode as a discharge product. and suppresses discharge. The electromotive force for this reaction is 3.65'
It is V.

4L++ 2SOC12→4LtCl + S + S
02...(2) Therefore, the discharge shows a two-stage discharge curve due to the reactions of equations (1) and (2). In conventional lithium-thionyl chloride batteries that use an acidic electrolyte, the utilization rate of aluminum chloride is low, and the reaction shifts to the reaction of equation (2) with a low voltage at the beginning of discharge, resulting in both discharge capacity and average discharge voltage remaining at low values. was.

The present invention solves these problems of conventional batteries, and improves the utilization rate of aluminum chloride by adding metal phthalocyanine to the liquid, and improves battery characteristics such as discharge capacity and average discharge voltage compared to conventional batteries. It provides a battery that is better than anything else.

Examples thereof will be described in detail below.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the battery according to the present invention, in which (1) is a battery case, (2) is a negative electrode, (3> is a separator, (4) is a positive electrode, and (5) is a negative electrode. (Ma negative terminal, (6
) is the liquid injection pipe.

Acetylene black fixed to an expanded nickel current collector with Teflon as a binder is placed in the center as a positive electrode, and on both sides lithium is an active material and long negative electrodes are used. Assemble Mizozo's battery, 4.5
Iron phthalocyanate was added to a dianyl chloride solution in which aluminum chloride (M) was dissolved, and the solution was poured into a battery at 1.65 A (30111Δ/ml) at 10°C.
a+! ) was discharged. The results are shown in FIG. 2 together with the discharge results of battery A that did not use iron phthalocyanate. Conventional battery Δ
In this case, the utilization rate of aluminum chloride based on the discharge capacity of the first stage voltage is extremely small at 25%, and the overall discharge capacity is 0.65Δ per acetylene black upper layer of the positive electrode.
The average discharge voltage remained at a small value of 11/g, and the average discharge voltage was 2.9
In battery B according to the present invention, the discharge time of the 1111th stage of the discharge surface according to reaction formula (1) was extremely long, and the utilization rate of aluminum chloride was close to 100%. The average discharge voltage was also high at 3.1V (2.7V) due to the increase in the discharge capacity due to the reaction of equation (1), which does not cause passivation of the positive electrode. At the end of the test, LOAh and /F became extremely large values.A similar effect was also observed in a system using lithium sulfide as the alkali metal salt.

As is clear from the above description and examples, the present invention solves the problem of low aluminum chloride utilization in conventional lithium-thionyl chloride batteries using acidic electrolytes, and achieves higher average discharge voltage and capacity than conventional batteries. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery with improved energy density.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a battery according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a discharge characteristic diagram of a battery B according to the present invention and a conventional battery Δ. 1... Battery case, 2... Negative electrode, 3... Separator, 4
...Positive electrode -9r 1 Figure λ ZIJ Chuy Kasumi Fff direction 0 minutes)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Using thionyl chloride as a positive electrode active material and an active metal as a negative electrode, a metal is added to a solution in which aluminum chloride and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt in an amount equal to or less than the number of moles of aluminum chloride are added to the thionyl chloride as an electrolyte. A non-aqueous battery characterized by dissolving phthalocyanine.