JPS60152812A - Biomass incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To perform a complete combustion with a minimum air ratio by a method wherein gas is ignited with sufficiently more volume of secondary air than a volume of primary air within the secondary combustion cylinder and the combustible gas is enclosed by required amount of air the outer circumference thereof, resulting in the formation of the flame in the shape of that of a candle flame. CONSTITUTION:When a lid 21 and a valve 22 are closed, fuel is dropped at one side within a cylinder 1 partitioned by a plate 11 as indicated by an arrow if a shutter 20 is opened, drives an ash discharging unit 15 to cause the fuel to be accumulated on the part 15 at the opening 10 substantially in a horizontal direction. When a blower 5 is operated after an ignition, the primary air passes through a space between the cylinders 1 and 3, exists from the hole 9 to burn the accumulated fuel, the gas ascends at one side as shown by an arrow and reaches from the part 10 to the part 2. The secondary air passes through the space between the cylinders 1 and 2, and passes through a narrow passage at the outer circumference of the opening 10 from the air passage 13, injects into the cylinder 2. The fuel guides the gas in the cylinder 1 from the opening 10 under the effect of ejection and the secondary combustion is performed like a flame of candle in such a way it encloses the gas from its periphery in the cylinder 2.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention utilizes wood chips made from residential waste, factory leftovers, thinned wood, etc., bark, rice husks, etc. that are made into almost uniform particle groups by sorting and removing coarse materials, Directly using biomass, which has low properties, low bulk density, high volatile gas content, low calorific value, and slightly high moisture content, as an automatic 1', high thermal efficiency, It concerns a biomass combustion furnace for complete combustion.

First, one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 will be described.

(1) is the primary combustion tube, (2) is the secondary combustion tube, (3) is the outer tube, (4) is the partition plate that airtightly divides the space between the (21 (31) vertically, and (5) is the Blower, (6, 6') is air supply pipe,
(7) is an adjustment lid for the inlet area of (5), (8, 8') is an orifice installed at each (6, 6'), and (9) is an orifice installed at (1) below (4). αO is an opening provided at the top of (1), (II) is a partition plate that crosses (1), Ql') is also an auxiliary partition plate, and (12 is an outer cylinder that encloses (2)). , (13 is the secondary air passage that wraps (10) and continues to (2), 04 is the heating element in (2), QEI is the ash extractor such as Rosdol, 00 is the driver of u9, a'71 is the airtight The ash discharge lid (1st) is a fuel hopper, and the upper part of (1) is divided by (11, 11') into one chamber (10), and the other chamber is connected by a circle. (19 is (18 upper storage bin,
eO is (19 shutters, (211 is (1 day lid, e
2 is a solenoid valve, 23 is a temperature sensor.

(271 is the cover for day 0.

1 Next, the effect will be explained. The fuel is stored in the bin a9, the lid e11 is in the open state by the valve (22), and when the shutter eQ is opened, it naturally falls as shown by the double line arrow to the cylinder +t.
The first chamber partitioned by plate (II) in i is filled with water, and when the ash extractor αυ is rotated by the driver 0θ, the ash is deposited almost horizontally on DB from the lower end of plate 01), so that the ash is deposited on the DB surface. ignite it by spraying oil on it. Next, when the blower (5) is operated, the primary air that is divided into the pipe (6) via the orifice (8) passes through the space between the pipes (11 (3)) as shown by the two-dot arrow. The combustion gas enters the interior and burns the deposited fuel, and the combustion gas ascends through the chamber on one side of the door (1) through the plate ttn as shown by the solid line arrow (from (10) to (2). On the other hand, from (5) to (8) The secondary air that has been divided into (6) passes through the cylinder +11 (3+) as shown by the 9 dotted line arrow, and most of it flows from (10 to the narrow passage (13) on the outer circumference (2), and the primary air from aO It mixes with the combustion gas and undergoes secondary combustion in (2), and the remainder of the secondary air passes through f2+ (12) and enters (2) through the small hole at the tip. (14 helps the secondary air ignite. , and promotes mixing to improve secondary combustion.When combustion is insufficient or when there is no ejector effect from Q3 due to power outage, etc.
The valve e2 is opened upon sensing the temperature rise of the sensor 33, and the valve closes the hopper (18) due to spring force, thereby preventing the smoke from rising.

Next, the effects will be explained. The target biomass fuel has a bulk density ratio and low calorific value.

When the water content is slightly higher, the calorific value per volume becomes even lower. Therefore, in order to uniformly maintain the temperature required for primary combustion, it is effective to always maintain a concentrated required deposition volume and to allow primary air to act on that volume as uniformly as possible. In the present invention, the upper part of the cylinder (1) is divided into two chambers by the plate I, so that fuel burns without covering the fuel accumulation surface that forms the combustion surface and extinguishing it by a single intermittent drive of the ash extractor. The above requirements can be met by naturally falling and replenishing from 80 days depending on the amount. In addition, since the target fuel has many volatile components, the amount of air necessary for gasification is uniformly sent during the primary combustion.

Complete combustion is possible by inducing the generated gas and making the secondary combustion an ideal gas combustion. In one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the ejector effect of the secondary air from f13 creates a pressure difference between (2) and (6, 6') to ensure the primary combustion and combustion gas (1o The only way to prevent smoke from emitting to the hopper side is to use the partition plate (11, 11'
) The steam from the pre-drying of the fuel by heat conduction through (1
1') Through the opening at the top of the gap (111), it is attracted to αohi,
It can burn up to 60% dl) of fuel without any problem. (9
), the primary air from the cylinder (
The temperature inside 1) is kept at around 650°C, making it easily heat resistant, and the main combustion is gas combustion inside (2), resulting in an air ratio of 1.
Complete combustion occurs in the second position, reducing waste heat loss after heat exchange and achieving high thermal efficiency. At this time, the cylindrical 04, which is smaller in angle than the cylinder (2) and has small holes, helps mix the gas and air. Also, Q3
By configuring (1G) on the outer periphery, the secondary air flows around the outer periphery of the combustion gas like a candle flame, reacts sequentially and burns well, and it is difficult to overheat the cylinder (2). , the space below the ttJi141 between the tubes (1) and (31) is filled with the primary air from (6), and the space above the plate (4) is filled with secondary air from the (six), which is circulated and cooled (1). .

In addition, air can be supplied after each unit has been preheated to improve combustion. Air cooling is also possible between the cylinder and 21Qa. (2) The present invention allows biomass fuel, which has been considered difficult to burn, to be completely combusted automatically and with high thermal efficiency without any problems.

There is a huge difference from traditional combustion furnaces, where tar flows from the chimney.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. (
11~(61, (91~+lE!, (171, (18
is the same as explained in FIG. eF3 is a commuter stick,
(26 is a rod, (27 is a solenoid valve, (28, 28') is an air volume control valve installed in each (6, 6'), (29, 2
9') is an arm rod that rotates the valve (28, 28'), and θO is its adjustment dial.

Next, the operation of the second embodiment will be explained. With the driving force of the valve e'A, the rod eυ moves down by 1, and slides 08 through 20 as shown by the arrow to remove the ash.
The valves (28, 28') are operated in conjunction with a single operation.

Next, the effects of the second embodiment will be explained. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the fuel is moved by the rotation of the ash extractor 0B, but in this embodiment, the vertical movement of the rod 2B with a protrusion assists gravity movement, so that it does not interfere with the fuel, which is even more difficult to flow. In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
In this embodiment, the valves (28, 28') are adjusted to different opening degrees using rods (28, 28') with different dimensions, and the primary air volume in (6) is adjusted proportionally. Even when it is extremely reduced (the ejector effect from I3 can be maintained sufficiently).

In that case, the thermal efficiency is reduced due to excess secondary air, but it has the effect of expanding the combustion amount control range. Not limited to interlocking of valves (28, 28').

The amount of air can be adjusted by operating one or any two of the three lids (7) and valves (28, 28') in conjunction with each other, as in the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 or this embodiment. The amount of combustion can be easily adjusted. In addition, a spiral rectifying plate is attached to the heater (14), which turns the secondary combustion flame into a swirling flow to promote mixing and achieve more complete combustion.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. (
11~(61,+81~f13. QB, QB, (
18 to QO and Qu are the same as explained in FIG.

011 is a temperature sensor installed between (9) and 1 in the cylinder (11),
θa is a heat exchanger, (33 is a cold water pipe, θ4 is a hot water pipe, day 0 is a cyclone installed in ea, and θ0 is an exhaust port.

Next, the operation of the third embodiment will be explained. This example is for a fuel with a high ash content, such as rice husk.

This also shows the case where a hot water heat exchanger is directly installed. α9 is shown as a chute from the fuel storage in the attic, etc., and when the sensor (23 part) overheats, valve e2 opens and shutter eO closes α9,
9. Prevent fire from spreading inside. The ash ejector α day is illustrated with a screw, and when the ash in the sensor 011 section falls below the burnt set temperature, the IO is activated to take out the ash, and the ash at a high temperature due to insufficient combustion is moved. 00 stops and automatically controls the gravity movement of the fuel.When igniting, the above operation starts after a set time with a timer.

- Since the secondary ventilation hole (9) is prone to overheating, a replaceable heat-resistant cylinder is provided. In addition, the secondary combustion cylinder (2) is extremely short, and the cyclone 0!3 is connected almost directly to 0003, and the cooled exhaust gas is sucked by the blower (5) (2
This is an embodiment in which a pressure difference is provided between 6° and 6'.

Next, the effects of the third embodiment will be explained. Normal wood has an ash content of about 0.3%, so it is sufficient to manually extract the residual ash, but rice husks have an ash content of 17 to 2,296.

- The present invention can be implemented as in the third embodiment. Also.

When biomass, especially wood chips, etc., is used as fuel, there is a risk of flying sparks, but this can be prevented by installing a cyclone in the heat exchanger as in this embodiment.

The swirling flow improves heat transfer and increases the heat exchange rate, making the effect □ remarkable. Also, when installing a blower (5) on the exhaust side.

Even if it is sufficiently cooled, the amount of air increases, which is disadvantageous.

The advantage is that it reduces the strictness of airtight structures such as (tube), and it does not depend only on the ejector effect due to (13).
(6, 6') is shown as an example in which a pressure difference can be generated between them.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a side sectional view of a device constituting one embodiment of the present invention;
The figure is a side sectional view of the second embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the third embodiment. (1) Primary combustion tube (2) Secondary combustion tube (3) Outer tube (4
) Partition plate (5) Blower (6, 6') Air supply pipe (7) Partial component (8, 8') Orifice (9) Ventilation hole outlet opening (11, 11') Partition plate u2 outer cylinder f13 air passage
(14 heating element (1 day ash extractor 00 driver α1 ash extractor ti
C18 hopper α9 bottle eO shunter 211 lid (
22 Solenoid valve (23 Temperature sensor (24 Cut-C8 swinging rod QCJ rod Fighting solenoid valve (28, 2E3') Control valve (29, 29') Arm rod θO
Dial θ sword temperature sensor (32 heat exchanger θ3 cold water pipe θ4 hot water pipe 8!3 cyclone θ0 exhaust l) Patent applicant procedural amendment (voluntary) April 12, 1985 Patent submitted from April to 9, 1985 Office Commissioner Shiga Aza 1, Indication of the case 1983 Patent Application No. 008339 2, Title of the invention 3, Relationship with the amended case Special applicant Web 0 Tubu (Address (02020) 1lii Ueda Tsutsumi, Oka City 1 Chome 24-
19 Specification 1, Title of the invention Biomass; Heat-burning door 2, Claims

[1] 1 fire combustion i! Ventilation hole (9) at the bottom of Ii (1)
and a vent H (15), and a ventilation hole (9) +, t 1
:X' Tie to the tracheal tube (6) and attach 1. to one side of the upper part of the tube (1). Open 0 (10), and the other side of the relative is the fuel hopper (
18), and a secondary trachea (
6°) and the 7th airway (13) and the secondary trachea (
6゛) to the air passage (13) is made smaller than the 2-air resistance from the primary air supply pipe (6) to the ventilation hole (9),
Moreover, the opening (1θ) and the air passage (13) are concentrically connected to the secondary combustion cylinder (2), and the apparatus 1. A biomass combustion furnace.

[2. The air supply pipe (
A biomass combustion furnace comprising an ejector that is connected to a blower (5) and a secondary combustion tube (2) and an air passage (13). [3] A biomass combustion furnace according to claim (1), comprising a secondary combustion cylinder (2) connected to a blower (5) via a heat exchanger (32).

[4] What is described in claim (1), the outer cylinder (3
) surrounding the combustion tube (1) and 2! A biomass combustion furnace consisting of a cylindrical lower end connected to an air supply pipe (6°) and an air passage (13) connected to its upper end.

[5] The combustion tube (
1) A biomass combustion furnace provided with a partition plate (11, 11°) that divides the interior between an opening (10) and a hopper (18).

[6] What is described in claim (1),
A biomass combustion furnace equipped with either one or two moving out of a total of three: I (7) and II Noshi (28, 28°).

[7] A device according to claim (1), which includes a hopper (
18) Based on the temperature sensor (23) installed at the
A biomass combustion furnace operated by (21). 3. Detailed description of the invention (industrial application field) This invention is one year old, wood waste chips
Fluid ceramics such as bark, rice husks, lKi, etc., have a high volatile gas content, a low calorific value, and a high moisture content. This refers to the combustion furnace referred to as the first name. [Prior Art] The above-mentioned bio-771-year-old (unused) f source has not been fully utilized. Most of the waste was disposed of in incinerators, and even when it was used for heat, it was only a slightly improved incinerator. Using secondary air for combustion (this is well known, but it is auxiliary and does not allow complete combustion; therefore, there is N1 of tar in the heat exchanger, and the combustion air ratio (3 to 10 degrees) is used for combustion. high,
Thermal efficiency was poor. High-moisture hot water @ (This was a particularly clever idea. (Means for resolving the problem) It consists of a secondary combustion tube concentrically connected to both the opening and the secondary air passageway, and the ejector effect due to the jet air from the secondary air passageway.
ct The effect type of the suction blower connected to the secondary combustion cylinder via a heat exchanger is designed to maintain a lower pressure inside the secondary combustion cylinder than in the primary combustion surface, and the amount of primary air is There is a difference in air resistance so that the amount of air in the secondary air is much higher than that in the primary combustion cylinder. Gas is combusted in the combustion cylinder with secondary air that is sufficiently larger than the primary air amount by 1, and the combustible gas is wrapped in the required amount of air from the frequency division to form a candle flame shuttle with the minimum air ratio. This relates to the first feature of a furnace that can achieve complete combustion. A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. (1)
is the primary combustion C, (2) is the secondary combustion both, (3) (is the C (1)
), (4) is a partition plate that divides (2) and (3) into upper and lower airways, (5) is a blower, (6,6゛) is a clam trachea, (7) is (5) )'s popular mouth: IN segment lid part 8', 8
') is the orifice provided in each leg (6, 6'), (9) (
(10) has five vent holes at the bottom of (1).
), (11, 1 Bi) is the partition plate that divides (1), (12) I and (2) are the outer cylinders, (13)
is the air path that wraps around (10) and goes to (2), and (14) is the air path that goes to (2).
), (5) mouth (6) E (8') 0
(9)ノISf! +7) Air resistance 1 +, (5) 9 (6)
°) C:) (8”) φ (13) Air resistance between the opening (2) 1
Adjust the orifice (6, 6°) by one side so that it is larger than 5. (15) is the ejector, [16] is (15)
The driver (17)] is the fuel hopper, and the inside of (1) is divided by (11, 11°) into the piece fi11! IL11 is It! 1] this (18
) is ren & fortune-telling. , 1 day, and hopper (18) (or rotary 71 da - etc. can be connected to pipe (1) / ＼) a. (+91 fjl l; GakufA iho nose 6 fin・, (21)) lyo shutter, (21) 1. t
l 181 pulse, 1.22) is Den @ Masu, (23) 1.
+24) f is the cover of 115). Next, a second embodiment shown in No. 20 will be described. (1)-1(
6), (9)-1 (15), (17), (18)+2 This is the same as explained in 11th]. (25JIjj hanging 薊憚, (26) t is @ 憚, L27111 another electromagnetic well, (
reason:. 28°] Air volume of each arm (6i6'): A section, C, ;4
9°29°) is the arm stick, and (30) is the adjustment dial on the I side. Next, a third embodiment shown in section 312f will be explained. (1)～
(6), (8) to (13), (15), [16), (1
8) to (2U) and (22) are the same as explained in FIG. (31) is the open position of (9) and (15) in the cylinder (1) (11-digit temperature sensor, (32) is the heat exchanger, [31 (very cold water pipe, (34) IA hot water pipe) , (35) is an 89-digit cyclone in (32), and (3b) is an exhaust port. To explain, when the fuel is stored in the bottle (19) and the lid [21] is in the open position in the well (22),
When the shutter (2 (1)) is opened, fuel falls on one side of the cylinder (1) partitioned by 11. (11) as shown by the double line arrow, and leaks 1 t ((15) to [2 Send it to the board (11°)
from the lower end of the opening (10) side to the top of (15)
As it accumulates, λ oil is poured onto the surface of the accumulation and ignited. Hopper [18] passes through feeder (1).\
When connecting (Yo), the feeder is driven to control the fire on 1k, which has formed a similar deposition surface.Next, when the blower (5) is operated, the space between the primary space Xi and the cylinders (1') and (3) is After passing through the hole (9), the accumulated v8 paddy is burned, and the gas rises from #Jj to the diameter of the solid line arrow, one side of (1) partitioned by (11), and flows from (10) to (2). ).On the other hand, the secondary air passes through the space between the cylinder (1+T21) and passes from (13) to (10).
It flows into (2) through IJl on the outer periphery, attracts the gas in (1) from (10) with the Ezekku effect, and then (2)
Inside, the gas is evaporated from the outside and combusted like a candle flame. (14) helps blue fire and promotes combustion. When there is a fuel shortage or a power outage, the sensor (23) detects a rise in temperature and closes the hopper (18) at (21)! do. Next, the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 will be explained. The driving force of the valve (27) moves the rod (25) up and down by one angle, and (26)
After that, move (15) like an arrow to promote the movement of the 2Ii line arrow. -Also, the diamond [river 30] chest-
The valve (28, 28°) can be seen through operation. The rest is the same as the first embodiment. Next, a 30th embodiment will be described. This example is a case where the fuel has a high ash content, such as rice husk, and the blower (5) is a suction type. (19) is shown as a chute from the roof 1, etc., and the shutter (20) closes when the sensor (23) is heated. The bubbling device (15) is exemplified by a set of screws, and the sensor (31
) part burns out and becomes low temperature, so that (16) is driven,
It is automatically controlled from a predetermined time after ignition using a timer. Primary air hole (9) (Because it is very convenient, I made it replaceable. 2
The next combustion cylinder (2) is shorter and smaller than 1, and the cyclone (35)
assists in its role, and by sucking the exhaust air cooled by the heat exchanger (32) with the blower (5),
6°). others(
This is the same as the first embodiment. Next, the effects of the present invention will be explained. It is known that secondary air is used for combustion, but in the present invention, the dimension of the child usage ratio is i. γ [(9) The fuel in the air (which is about 1/3 of the amount of air supplied to the cylinder) is incompletely combusted, generating plenty of volatile gas, and M (1 ) is 650
It is easily heat resistant as it is heated to around 100°C, and gas combustion occurs within the combustion main body 1 and (2), and the air wraps the gas from the outside and reacts sequentially, resulting in an extremely small air ratio of about 1
．． Complete combustion occurs at 2. As a result, there is no tar N1 to the heat exchanger, etc., and the air specific gravity eliminates waste heat loss, resulting in high thermal efficiency. Also, the partition plate (inner r) of the tube (1)
11, 11°) separates the supply of new fuel from the field and exhaust gas to stabilize combustion, and in the process of incomplete combustion, the high hydraulic power VT combustion paddy dries, resulting in drying. C>1
It flows in an orderly sequence of 2 reservoirs, 0 prisoners, and tS firing, making it possible to completely burn biomass with a high moisture content of up to about 6θ%wb, which was considered difficult to burn, without any problems. This goal can only be achieved by satisfying the requirements of the present invention.
3) not only makes it easier to cool down (10), but also allows the 2
．． The lack of air cools the outer periphery of surface (1), and (1) disappears! V
i1su-1! We were able to create a structure that makes it easy to improve combustion by converting it into heated air. 7,000 air is also passed between the tube (2) and the tube (12) for cooling.1. ,Thus, I01! I asked about the cheap Il plate 1 trowel subduration%. In addition, by operating one or two of the three fast-moving units, Cho 1i Rei (7) and Chobekai (28, 28'), the air volume ratio between the primary and secondary air can be adjusted. It is also possible to hold it and change the absolute amount to adjust the combustion amount. In addition, the temperature sensor (23)
It is also possible to activate Kaoru (21) depending on the situation to prevent an accidental accident. 4. Brief description of the drawings No. 1! 21 is a side sectional view of the device constituting one embodiment of the present invention, No. 23 is a side sectional view of the second embodiment, and No. 33]
FIG. 4 is a bond IWT surface view of a third embodiment. (1) Primary combustion tube (2) Secondary combustion tube (3) Outer tube (4) Partition i (5) Blower (6,6°)
kδ trachea (7) Hokohara [8,8°] orifice (9) Ventilation hole (lO) opening
(11,11') Partition plate (12) Tube (13
) Air path (14) Heat pipe (15) Buffer (16) Driver (17) Airtight lid (18) Hopper (19) Bottle (2θ) Shutter (21) W (2
2) Solenoid valve (23) Temperature sensor (24) Cover (
25) Swinging (26) Arms (27) Electromagnetic bowl (28,
28°) Control well (29, 29') Armpit (30) Dial (31) Temperature sensor (32) Track exchanger (33) Cold water pipe (34) Roof main pipe (35) Cyclone (36) Exhaust port

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A ventilation hole (9) connected to the primary air supply pipe (6) and an ash extractor are provided in the lower part of the primary combustion tube (1), and the upper part of (1) is provided with a partition plate. Divided into two chambers by (11, 11'), two sides of one chamber are connected to a hopper (1 day), an opening (10 is provided at the top of the other chamber, and a secondary air supply pipe (6') is connected to the hopper (1 day). Continuous air passage α
3 and the port (10), connect it to the secondary combustion cylinder (2), and connect the pipe (
A biomass combustion furnace in which a set pressure difference is provided between the cylinder (2) and the cylinder (2). (2. According to claim (1), the air passage is 0.
3 is configured on the outer periphery of the opening αO, and the primary combustion cylinder (1)
A biomass combustion furnace comprising an air passage α3 at one end and an air supply pipe (6') at the other end of a space formed by an outer cylinder (3) and a partition plate (4). (3) The adjustment lid (
7) and control valves (28, 28'), one or two of which are interlocked, allows the amount of air between the air supply pipe (6) and (6) to be adjusted. (4) According to claim (1), the partition plate 0
A biomass combustion furnace in which a swinging rod eO is installed in one chamber of a combustion tube (1) connected to a hopper. (5) What is described in claim (1), with an air supply hole (
9) Place the vending device (1B) well below the hole (1!3
A biomass combustion furnace that is turned on and off by a temperature sensor θ installed in the middle between the two. (6) According to claim (1), the hopper a
Temperature sensor e3 installed on the wall of 8 primary combustion cylinders (1)
A biomass combustion furnace in which the lid 211 is actuated to make it possible to close the hop (1 day) or the shutter eO is actuated to make it possible to close the bin 4. (7) The biomass combustion furnace according to claim (1) , the cyclone 09 provided in the heat exchanger 82 is connected to the opening α0 and the secondary air passage (13), and the cyclone θ9 is connected to the secondary combustion tube (13).
2) A biomass combustion furnace that functions as