JPS6013724B2 - fluid distribution device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to fluid dispensing devices, and more particularly to dispensing devices for uniformly distributing liquids and gases to a bed of granular media.

Uniform distribution of fluid in a granular soot bed is important in many fluid treatment systems.

For example, in filters in which the liquid being treated flows down a filter soot bed, such as sand, the bed is typically supported by a filter bottom that collects the filter liquid and also distributes the backwash liquid. Uniform distribution of this backwash liquid is extremely important. Uneven distribution may leave contaminated areas on the bed after backwashing or destroy the bed, shortening the life of the filter. Some filters force a gas, such as air, through the bed prior to normal liquid backwashing. The air rises through the filter in the form of bubbles, completely filtering out the media and removing accumulated dirt and gelatin. move the blocks to facilitate their removal by subsequent liquid backwashing. This type of fly pestle is of particular interest for cleaning third class filters where sooty and extremely sticky deposits form. In air backwashing, even distribution of air and water is important and it is also necessary to minimize air expansion as the air enters the bed from the bottom of the filter. Significant air expansion can result in the destruction of the gravel support layer that is often used as a substratum for sand filter media. the result,
Many filters that utilize air purification either place sand directly on the top of the filter bottom or place an air distribution device on top of the gravel support layer. When sand is placed directly on the filter bottom, the channel (or orifice) leading from the bottom to the floor must be very small to prevent sand from flowing out from the filter bottom. This type often results in clogging when draining. On the other hand, placing the air distribution device on the gravel support layer requires two types of separation devices and increases installation costs. So far, Stuppy (Mark L. Stuppy)
U.S. Pat. No. 3,0667, published by J.D., discloses an apparatus for very uniformly distributing liquid backwash medium. This device utilizes a filter bottom block with upper and lower machine conduits extending from block to block across the filter. The lower or primary pipe conduit connects to the pipe that supplies the backwash liquid. A portal connects the lower machine conduit to the upper or secondary lateral conduit,
Another portal connects the secondary lateral conduit to the filter bed. Accordingly, the backwash liquid flows along the primary conduit and then into the secondary machine conduit, from where it enters the filter bed. The upper (or secondary) lateral conduits run in rows from block to block, so
Backwash liquid flows along them to compensate for the uneven flow from the primary to the secondary lateral conduits.

When an equal amount of water is supplied to the primary system, this dual lateral system distributes the backwash liquid very evenly throughout the filter bed. However, if the amount of water supplied to each secondary lateral conduit varies for various reasons, the flow from the secondary system to the floor will similarly vary. Also, the system does not provide air backwashing, which is required in many installations. It is an object of the invention to provide a distribution device which distributes liquid or gas very uniformly throughout a bed of granular soot. The present invention uses a split distributor with primary and secondary transverse grooves extending parallel to each other, such as the device disclosed in the Stutspy patent.

However, in the present invention, the secondary and primary conduits are arranged in parallel and separated from each other by sloped walls. Gas regulating orifices at intermediate levels of these sloped walls control gas flow from the primary to the secondary lateral conduit section, and liquid regulating orifices located below the gas conditioning orifices in the sloped walls control the gas flow from the primary to the secondary lateral conduit section. control the flow of liquid to the Thus, the present device provides a compensating liquid flow to the secondary system provided by the Stappy device and also provides a mechanism for uniformly distributing gas. Another object of the invention is to provide a distributor for introducing gas into a granular soot bed with minimal expansion of the gas.

This is achieved by making the total cross-sectional area of the gas regulating orifices in the sloped wall significantly smaller than the total cross-sectional area of the dispersion orifices connecting the secondary lateral conduit to the floor. Therefore, most of the air expansion as it passes from the primary to the secondary conduit section takes place within the distributor and no bed disruption occurs. The gas forms a low pressure plunket at the top of the secondary lateral conduit and flows through the distribution orifice to the upper bed with minimal expansion. As a result, the invention allows a gravel support layer to be placed on the bottom without destruction. A further object of the present invention is to provide a mixer that compensates for fluctuations in the flow rate supplied to the primary conduit of a double pipe system.

This means that at least some of the secondary conduit systems are
This is achieved by connecting to the primary transverse conduit of the book. Thus, backwash liquid flows from one primary lateral conduit across the secondary conduit to another primary lateral conduit to compensate for variations in the amount of fluid supplied to or flowing along the primary system. be able to. Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description.

The filtration device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 consists of gravel 12 placed on a filter bottom (or distributor) 14, which is composed of filter blocks 15, 16, 17, 18 assembled in parallel adjacent rows.
and a bed of supporting soot material and a layer of sand 11 or similar filtration media.

Water and other liquids to be filtered flow down the sand and gravel into the filter bottom, from where they drain and flow into 21. The water is drained and then passed through the outlet pipe 22 to the filtration device as backwash water. The gas manifold 25 is connected to the gas supply line and includes a gas manifold 25 for supplying air and other gases during backwashing. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, each block is divided by an inclined plane wall 30 into a primary rattan conduit 31 and a secondary machine conduit 32. As shown in FIGS.

Because the secondary lateral conduit 32 is located in the leg of the primary conduit 31 rather than on top of it as in the block disclosed in the Stutspy patent, the block contains gases such as air as well as liquids during backwashing. However, both the primary and secondary lateral conduits have approximately triangular cross-sections, with the sides of the secondary lateral conduits being defined by the tops 34 of the filtration blocks 15, 16, 17, 18 and the sloped inner walls 30 or side walls 35 of the blocks. so that nearly all of the top surface of the filter bottom is adjacent to the secondary lateral conduit, and the gas or liquid is evenly distributed throughout the bed during backwashing. The ends of these blocks are closed and the blocks are arranged vertically in parallel so that each of the primary and secondary lateral conduits runs from block to block along the row or at the next end of the trough 21. It extends from there to Oribe on the opposite side.

Therefore, backwash liquid can flow along the secondary lateral conduit to compensate for non-uniform flow from the primary to the secondary conduit, similar to the system disclosed in the Stutspy patent. Each row of blocks has one block 15, 16 arranged on the groove 21.

These blocks have cutouts or portals 38, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, through which filtered water flows from the primary sump conduit to the sump and backwash water and air exits from the primary sump conduit to the primary sump. Can flow into the conduit section. Toi block 1
5, 16 and the blocks 17, 18 arranged end-to-end and forming parallel adjacent rows that cross each other across the filter do not incorporate a portal. In other respects these blocks are identical to the block . Slanted wall 30 that separates the primary and secondary lateral conduits
has a gas regulating orifice 41 located at the mid-level of the wall and a liquid regulating orifice 42 located below the orifice.

The gas regulating orifice controls the flow rate of backwash gas (usually air) from the primary to the secondary lateral conduit section. A liquid regulating orifice controls the flow rate of the liquid backwash medium. As can be seen from Figures 1, 4 and 5, the filter uses blocks of two different widths.

The width of the central blocks 15, 17 is relatively wide, but narrower blocks 16, 18 are used on the sides of the filter to achieve the desired overall width. Since a wide block is used in the center, each block can contain several primary conduits. The liquid regulating orifices in these wide blocks are arranged so that at least some of the secondary lateral conduits are provided through mutually aligned orifices 42 from the two primary lateral conduits. This allows backwash liquid to flow from one primary conduit across intervening secondary lateral conduits to another primary lateral conduit to compensate for non-uniform flow into the individual primary lateral conduits. The system can be used for liquid backwash or gas and liquid backwash.

When using both types, the filter is typically backwashed first with air and then with water to thoroughly cleanse the media and dislodge accumulated debris and gelled flocs to remove any loose impurities. remove. During gas backwashing, air and other gases are removed from pipe 2.
The manifold 25 is supplied from 6 and extends along the gutter 21.
through the gas distribution orifice 27 and into the primary conduit 31 via the gutter port 38 in the form of bubbles.

As clearly shown in FIG. 6, air collects in the pockets at the top of the primary conduit section and forces the liquid level in these lateral sections down to the underside of the gas regulating orifice 41. The air then passes through these orifices to form a thin plumcket 44 at the top of the secondary lateral conduit 32. From there the air flows through the second dispersion orifice 4
The amount of air supplied to the secondary lateral conduits 31 flowing into the floor through the ducts 31 depends on the effective air pressure in the primary lateral conduits 31, which in turn depends on the height of the air-water interface within these lateral sections. be done.

Control by height variation of this interface allows this device to vary the flow rate over a wide range. With appropriately sized orifices, the illustrated device is capable of uniformly distributing air throughout the filter bed at flow rates ranging from less than 0.5 to more than 5 f/ft2 per unit time (SCFM). This range is considerably wider than the range of most air distribution devices currently on the market. The dimensions of the gas regulating orifice are at the lowest flow rate of the system.
It is desirable that the air-water interface in the primary lateral conduit section be at least 1.25 k (1/2n) below the gas orifice.

This ensures exposure of all gas orifices even if the filtration block is slightly off level. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, a rib 46 running perpendicularly across the top of each secondary lateral conduit section prevents air from migrating to higher points in the secondary lateral conduit section even if the block is slightly off level. .
The IJ does not extend to the bottom of the air plunket 44 at the top of the secondary lateral conduit section, so air flows along the second lateral conduit section to prevent uneven air flow from the primary to the secondary lateral conduit section. Complement. Approximately 0 per unit filtration surface area in the system shown
．． By using four 3/16 in. diameter gas regulating orifices, the appropriate pressure at the air-water interface can be reduced to 0.000000000000000000000000 per unit filtration surface area. Obtained at a flow rate of $CFM.

With this arrangement, at air flow rates up to FM per unit filtration surface area, the air-water interface is not exposed to any liquid conditioning orifice.
2 is preferably located about 9 arcs (31'an) below the gas regulating orifice. This arrangement of the gas orifices also makes the total cross-sectional area of these orifices significantly smaller than the total cross-sectional area of the second dispersion orifice.

Approximately 37.8 to 94.5 per unit filtration surface area during liquid backwashing
In order to treat water flows in the range of 10 to 2 mm/min, the total cross-sectional surface area of the second dispersion orifice is preferably about 7.75 mm/min (1.2 n2) per unit filtration surface area; Twenty-four orifices of approximately 0.64 arc (1/4 inch) diameter can be provided per unit of filtration surface area. This is more than 1 pm of the total cross-sectional area of the gas conditioning orifices in the arrangement, which has a total cross-sectional area of about 0.71 (0.11 in2) per unit filtration surface area. With this combination of cross-sectional areas, a band of air expansion occurs at the gas conditioning orifice, and there is very little air expansion through the second dispersion orifice. In fact, the pressure drop across the second dispersion orifice is so small that the air flow through these orifices is believed to be controlled by the surface tension of the water in or on the orifice. It is clear that this surface force creates just the right amount of back pressure in the secondary lateral conduit sections, creating a low pressure air plunket at the top of these lateral sections, which directs backwash air throughout the filter. It will be distributed evenly. These fuss because there is no violent expansion of air entering the floor.

A gravel support bed can be used for the deck. This also means that the dimensions of the secondary orifice need not be too small to prevent sand from flowing into the filter bottom through the orifice. A large orifice will significantly reduce the possibility of clogging. As shown in FIG. 7, the secondary dispersion orifice preferably closes into a slot 47 in the top of the filter block.

This prevents the slot from completely clogging the secondary dispersion orifice with gravel. If a secondary dispersion orifice is provided on the top surface of the block, large grains of gravel will completely block the orifice directly above it. By making the orifice concave with a slot, liquid or gas can pass through even with gravel. With the above combination of cross-sectional areas, the illustrated system can deliver approximately $CFM of air per unit of filtration surface area from the primary lateral conduit section with a total head loss of approximately 3 inches of water bed, which is more than any other Significantly less head loss than is required for any air distribution device. Other air distribution devices generally rely on a pressure drop across the dispersion orifice to provide good distribution. In the device shown, the flow along the secondary flute conduit section offsets the uneven airflow from the primary conduit section, reducing the overall pressure drop required for good distribution, which also results in explosive expansion of the air. provide protection against Although the above arrangement is considered desirable,
Other combinations of orifices are also possible.

It is believed that most combinations in which the total cross-sectional area of the secondary distribution orifices is at least twice the general cross-sectional area of the air conditioning orifices will prevent explosive expansion upon entry of air into the filter bed. Since the gas regulating orifice is located sufficiently below the oblique wall 30 that divides the primary and secondary lateral conduits, the cross-sectional area of the primary lateral conduit section above the orifice is sufficiently large to accommodate the desired flow rate along the lateral section. Can process gas.

The desired position in the illustrated device is approximately 1 from the top of the block.
(4 inches) below. Of course, the desired location of these orifices will vary depending on the length of the lateral conduit, air flow rate, and internal construction of the block. Since this device prevents explosive expansion of air, the gravel layer 12 on the filter bottom is generally the same as the gravel holding layer used in standard liquid backwashing devices, i.e. a coarse gravel layer directly above the filter bottom followed by a progressively granulated gravel layer. It can be made the same as the layer. However, air backwashing creates vortices in the sand filter media that erode the top surface of the gravel. To prevent this erosion, it is desirable to place a layer of relatively large gravel next to the sand. After air backwashing, the flow of air-gas supply line 26 is stopped and backwash liquid is supplied from pipe 22. This backwash liquid flows through 21 and up portal 38 into primary lateral conduit 31 . The incoming backwash water raises the air-water interface in the primary lateral conduit section to at least the level of the gas conditioning orifice and passes through both the liquid conditioning orifice 42 and the gas conditioning orifice 41 and thence through the secondary dispersion orifice 43. It flows into the floor where the water flows. Typically, the air-water interface within the primary lateral conduit will be slightly above the gas conditioning orifice during liquid backwashing because the pressure drop within the primary lateral conduit section relative to the filter bed will be somewhat greater during liquid backwashing. Therefore, the air at the top of the primary rattan pipe section is compressed by the backwash water. This air remains in the primary canal conduit section during liquid backwashing, providing a cushion to prevent water hammer within the block; or leaks out to provide extra cross-sectional area for liquid flow along the primary conduit section. In the case of lining, it is considered desirable to leave air in the primary rattan conduit. Addition of flow area for liquid or gas can also be achieved by changing the internal structure of the block.

For example, the liquid flow area can be increased with the use of a Y-shaped inner wall so that the secondary lateral conduit section does not extend to the bottom of the block. The liquid or gas flow area can also be increased by the use of curved interior walls instead of the flat walls 30 shown. It is clear that various other improvements are possible. In the illustrated apparatus, the dimensions of the cross-sectional area of the various orifices are such that during liquid backwashing, approximately two-thirds of the pressure drop from the primary lateral conduit section to the filter bed occurs as the liquid passes from the primary section to the secondary section. 1'3 preferably occurs when passing through the secondary dispersion orifice.

Since most of the backwash water flows through the liquid adjustment orifice,
The pressure drop ratio depends primarily on the dimensions of the liquid conditioning orifice and the secondary dispersion orifice. However, the gas adjustment
The influence of fiss is small. With the arrangement of gas and liquid regulating orifices described above, the desired pressure drop ratio is obtained with two 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) diameter liquid regulating orifices per unit filtration area (day2), which is equal to per unit, giving the liquid conditioning orifice a total cross-sectional area of 0.9 mm (5.8 mm). This orifice arrangement provides backwash head to the filter bed with significantly less head loss than most filter beds.

Alternative designs generally rely on head losses before and after the distribution orifice to distribute water throughout the bed. As with the device disclosed in the Stuppy patent, uniform distribution of backwash water in the filtration block of the present invention is enhanced by supplementing liquid flow along the secondary lateral conduit section. Therefore, better water distribution is obtained with less pressure drop. Because the pressure drop is small, air remaining in the secondary lateral section after air backwashing or otherwise trapped in the secondary lateral conduit section does not expand explosively as it enters the filter bed. Therefore, collapse of the gravel support layer can be avoided. 8th
and FIG. 9 show another embodiment according to the present invention.

In this example, the gas is supplied to the primary lateral conduit section by pipes 57 connected to an air manifold 55 located outside the filter bed. tube 5
One of 7 extends to each primary lateral conduit section, preferably near the top of the flute section. This facilitates at least some air leakage from the lateral conduit sections to provide additional area for liquid flow if necessary during liquid backwashing. In other respects, this embodiment is identical to that shown in FIGS. 1-7. FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show still another embodiment, in which a hole 61 in this device is used.
is located at one end of the primary conduit beside the filter, rather than below the conduit as in the filters shown in FIGS. 1-9.

The primary lateral conduit section 31 is connected to the tube by a short triangular connector (or wall sleeve) 66 extending from the gutter 61 through the filter bed wall to the secondary lateral conduit section. The filtered water and the backwash water are discharged or supplied through an outlet pipe 62 connected to one end of the gutter 61, respectively. The air for backwashing is supplied from the connecting line 63. Conduit 63 incorporates a three-way valve 67 which alternately connects the conduit to gas supply conduit 68 and pent conduit 69. During air backwashing, air is supplied from line 63 to the primary lateral conduit section and the water level in 61 is lowered to below the level of the gas conditioning orifice 41 that feeds the secondary lateral conduit section.

At the end of the air backwash cycle, air escapes from the primary duct and provides backwash water to the chamber. All of the embodiments described above provide mechanically simple devices for uniformly distributing liquid or gaseous reverse detergent throughout the filter bed.

Moreover, the low pressure drop necessary to achieve this uniform distribution minimizes the risk of explosive expansion of the air entering the filter bed. Accordingly, the bottom of the present invention can use a gravel support layer, which simplifies construction and installation of the device and minimizes clogging of the bottom. It goes without saying that the above-described apparatus is provided for illustrative purposes and that various modifications may be made. For example, the filter bottom can be a sheet or plate structure instead of a block. Similarly, although the invention has been described with respect to backwashing sand filters, there are many other cases where liquids or liquids and gases need to be distributed throughout a granular sooty bed, e.g. It is equally applicable to granular media beds such as granular carbon absorbers, third filters for ozonation, sludge drying beds, and ion exchange equipment for periodic contact with granular carbon absorbers to prevent spoilage. These and other modifications are possible within the scope of the invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway plan view of a filter embodying the present invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a section taken along line 3-3 in Fig. 1. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of each filtration block of the type that straddles the channels for introducing backwash liquid and gas; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. Partial cross-sectional view of block; 7th
8 is a partial plan view of another embodiment of the invention; FIG. 9 is a detailed view of line 6-6 in FIG. 6; FIG.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional elevation view of a further embodiment according to the invention; FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional elevation view of line 1 of FIG.
1-11 is a cross-sectional elevation view of FIG. 11...Sand, 12...Gravel, 14...
Distributor, 15, 16, 17, 18...filtration block, 2
1..., 22...exit pipe, 25...
Gas manifold, 30... Slope wall, 31...
...-Secondary horizontal conduit, 32...Secondary horizontal conduit, 35...
...Side wall, 38...Gateway, 41...Gas adjustment orifice, 42...Liquid adjustment orifice, 43...Secondary dispersion orifice. FIG. 1FIG, 2FIG. 5 FIG. 7 FIG. 10 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 6 FIG. 8 FIGe FIGII

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A plurality of primary lateral conduits 31 having an upwardly sloping cross section and arranged below the granular media bed 11, 12 supported by a fluid distribution device; a plurality of secondary lateral conduits 32 arranged in parallel and having a downwardly sloping cross section and having a plurality of secondary dispersion orifices 43 opening into the granular media bed; a plurality of slanted walls 30 that divide the slanted walls; a plurality of gas regulation orifices 41 provided at intermediate positions of the slanted walls; and a plurality of fluid regulation orifices 42 provided in the slanted walls at positions downwardly spaced from the gas regulation orifices. and; a fluid distribution device for uniformly distributing liquid or gas throughout said bed of granular media, characterized in that said backwash liquid or gas is supplied to said primary lateral conduit through a port 38. 2. A fluid distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that the total cross-sectional area of the gas conditioning orifice (41) is substantially smaller than the total cross-sectional area of the secondary dispersion orifice (43). 3 such that fluid from one of said primary lateral conduits 31 flows through one of said secondary lateral conduits 32 adjacent to said primary lateral conduit and into another primary lateral conduit 31 adjacent to said secondary lateral conduit; At least some of the secondary lateral conduits 32 each have at least two
The fluid distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is connected to two primary lateral conduits (31).