JPS6013473B2 - light wave rangefinder - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a light wave side probe in which the side range and side angle functions of a surveying instrument are integrated.

In recent years, surveying instruments called so-called optical distance meters have been widely used in surveying, civil engineering work, and the like. In this case, the light wave distance meter only has the function of measuring distance, and if angle measurement is required, a side angle instrument such as a theodolite or transit is required. In that case, either mount the optical distance meter on top of the theodolite or transit, or install it separately on the neck.
It is common to perform the horn, but both methods are performed with the lateral distance and the forehead. There were many problems in terms of handling and accuracy, such as parallax with the square shaft and poor lateral angle accuracy of the theodolite due to the loading of heavy objects. Also the neck. The sighting aperture of the telescope and the neck of the optical distance meter. It is difficult to configure coaxial sighting because the aperture is different from the distance aperture, and therefore the side telescope and neck. It was necessary to carry both sides. The present invention provides a miniaturized optical wave zero range instrument that can perform complete coaxial collimation of the neck and side angles, as well as the neck. Distance value・
It is an object of the present invention to provide a light wave transducer that can automatically digitally display a neck angle value. The present invention is a side rangefinder that has both a head range function and a side angle function, but before going into specific parts, an outline of this surveying instrument will be explained.

The lateral telescope of the present invention can be broadly classified into forehead.

It consists of a talus part and a neck part. Neck. The distance part is a telescope,
It consists of an electronic circuit section for measuring distance, a mechanism section, and a Fuji tree, and is equipped with a keyboard, so that it can input angles, start measurement commands, and various other commands by hand. It is configured so that the functions performed by the keyboard and the functions of the same device can be executed by wireless remote control (ultrasound, radio waves, light, etc.). This allows you to control the telescope without touching it after sighting the target. Neck.

The corner part is an optical micro system similar to a normal theodolite, and has a common configuration of an angle measuring telescope and a side telescope. Microreading is a method of reading numbers directly. However, in addition to optical angle reading, the altitude angle can be measured electrically by attaching a resistor to the altitude degree scale and micro degree scale, and electronic circuits can be used to measure the degree angle and micro degree angle electrically. It has a function to automatically calculate the horizontal distance by sending the output to the side distance part of the The embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings will be described as follows.

A collimating optical system for shelf range that rotates coaxially with the altitude degree scale 31 attached to the axis of the telescope, and a micro-degree scale 41 on a separate axis from the altitude degree scale 31 are combined. This constitutes the optical rangefinder of the present invention.

The neck above. In the lateral angle system, the telescope sight axis X and the forehead. The distance optical axis Y is coaxial. That is, the side distance optical system
As shown in the figure, a special prism 12 is provided behind the objective lens 11 on the optical axis
A light emitting diode 14 is provided behind the condensing lens 13a side, and a light receiving diode 15 is provided behind the condensing lens 13b side, so that the light emitting diode 14 and the light receiving diode 15 are located at symmetrical positions.

A non-focal lens 16 is provided behind the special prism 12 and above the optical axis of the objective lens 11, and an optical V-point lens i7 and a twill lens 18 are provided on the optical axis behind the non-focal point lens 16. Furthermore, prisms 19 and 20 are provided outside the optical axes x and Y in front of the special prism to receive the light from the light emitting diode 14, so that the light can be bent at a right angle and guided to the light receiving diode 15. The configuration of the special prism 12 is as follows:
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the optical axis of the objective lens 11×,
The left and right prisms 21 and 22 are pasted together with Y in between, and one of the prisms 21 receives a reference light from the light emitting diode 14, and the light is placed on the objective lens 11 side. The other prism 22 is provided with a surface 12a having an angle that can be bent into a direction, and a light receiving diode 15 is formed on the other prism 22 to receive the reflected light from the objective lens 11.
A surface 12b with an angle that can be bent to the side is formed, and a special plating 23 is applied to the surfaces 12a and 12b to reflect infrared light and transmit visible light.

Reference numeral 24 denotes a shutter, which converts the reference light beam and the reflected light beam. Since the special prism 12 has the above-mentioned configuration, the reference light beam from the light emitting diode 14 is and the reflected light from the objective lens 11 are separated by a special prism 12, and only visible light is allowed to pass through.

That is, the condenser lens 13a in front of the light emitting diode 14
Half of the light beam is separated by a special prism 12 and used as a light transmitting reference light beam. The remaining half passes through the side surface of the special prism 12, changes the light direction at right angles with prisms 19 and 20, passes through the side surface of the special prism 12 on the light-receiving side, and guides it to the light-receiving diode 15 through the condensing lens 13b. Next, the collimating optical system (collimation system) is composed of an objective lens 11, a special prism 12, an amorphous point lens 16, a focusing mirror 17, and an eyepiece 18.

Therefore, there is no need to form separate optical systems for the side angle optical system and the inkstone reference optical system, and the telescope with the side angle optical system can be made extremely small. Furthermore, when automatically reading altitude degrees, a potentiometer for taking out an altitude angle output is provided outside the optical scale 32 of the altitude degree dial 31. That is,
As shown in FIG. 3, in addition to the optical scale 32 of the altitude degree scale 31, a scale line 33 is provided inside or outside the optical scale 32, dividing the circumference equally, and approximately half the length of the scale line 33 is provided. the metal strip 3
As shown in FIG.
Separation parts 36 and 37 are provided in a part of the metal band 34 and 35.
forming a metal pattern that is a conductive material. Furthermore, the metal band 26
and 34 are formed. As shown in FIG. 5, the altitude scale dial 31 formed with the scale line 32, metal scale line 33, and metal bands 26, 34 is fixed to the telescope rotation axis (axis) 54 with coaxial collimation, and the telescope rotates at the same time as the rotation of. As shown in FIG. 4, a brush 39 is provided on the metal scale 33 and is slid on the scale line, while another brush 38 is made inside or outside together with the brush 39 to read the resistance difference between the scales. Metal band 26,3
5. Slide the top. The relationship between the brushes 38, 39, and 40 is such that a power source 28 is provided between the brushes 38 and 40, and the dark metal pattern forms a potentiometer as the brush 39 moves, and the difference in resistance between them is obtained as an output. ,
The output is digitally converted by a digital converter (not shown) and displayed digitally. Furthermore, both brushes are neck 9
It is fixed to the rangefinder body. Micro minute scale 41'
As shown in FIG. 5, it is located on the opposite side of the altitude scale dial 31 from the position of the leakage distance telescope A, and similarly to the altitude scale scale 31, it is located on the opposite side of the altitude scale scale 31. It is equipped with a scale line, a metal pattern consisting of a metal strip, a cutout, a brush, and other brushes to form a kind of potentiometer.

P is the axis of the micro-degree scale 41, 51 is the imaging lens, 5
2 is a parallel glass, and 53 is a prism, which is an optical system that is attached to a known micro-protractor microscope.
The altitude degree scale 31 becomes a potentiometer with a resolution of 3600/2000=0.18o when its scale division is, for example, 200 degrees.

That is, if the altitude angle is read optically in the same way as with a normal theodolite, the angular position can be obtained at the same time as an electrical output. In this case, the resolution of altitude 0.18o
It is possible to measure up to 36 degrees, and the micro-degree scale 41 is in the form of feed 10 Liu copper. Therefore, by combining these, it becomes possible to electrically measure angles from 1/200 to 36 pi.

Since the electrical outputs of both minute scale scales 31 and 41 are analog quantities, in the case of digital reading, both outputs are passed through an A'D converter, converted into digits, and then synthesized. Regarding synthesis, the applicant previously applied for Utility Model Publication No. 53-621470.
This is an application of the following. The output processing circuit is as shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram, and 61 is a digital phase circuit, as shown in FIG. It consists of a phase difference analog circuit 64 for comparing phase differences.

In the output processing circuit, 65 is an A'D converter circuit;
6 is a multi-channel analog multiplexer, 67 is the aforementioned potentiometer on the altitude degree scale side, 68 is an altitude micro angle potentiometer on the micro degree scale side, 69 is an air pressure sensor, 70 is a temperature sensor 1, 71
72 is a keyboard selector, 72 is a radio receiving circuit, 73 is a keyboard on the panel, and 74 is a DC motor or pulse motor.

All operations of this machine are controlled by microcontrollers.

It is controlled by a setter (not shown). Gate circuit 62
consists of four ○ flip-flop circuits 75, and when the reference signal becomes ``/'', the current power becomes high, and the light reception signal becomes ``day'', the output G becomes low.

In other words, the output at point G remains /. for a time equal to the phase difference between the reference signal and the received light signal. The received light signal is very small and must be amplified, but it contains considerable noise. In this case, the received light signal is subjected to phase modulation due to the noise. If the phase difference between the reference signal and the received light signal is far apart to a certain extent, the flip-flop output will show the correct phase difference, but if the reference signal and the received light signal get close, the flip-flop output will show an irregular phase difference due to phase modulation caused by the noise. It shows. That is, as shown in FIG.
0, and the output is significantly different. In this case, the reference signal control circuit (digital phase circuit) 61 shown in FIG. 6 detects when the phase difference between the reference signal 100 and the received light signal 110 falls within a predetermined range, inverts the reference signal by 1800 and creates a new signal. Use as a reference signal. Detection of a preset range is performed by integrating the phase difference between the reference signal and the light reception signal, and outputting an output when the voltage value becomes larger than a voltage value within a preset time constant. The phase difference between the reference signal and the received light signal is measured in three ways, but the correct phase difference is determined by the following calculation. In the case of a positive reference signal, reference signal - received light signal =? In the case of an anti-reference signal, the reference signal - the received light signal = Me, Degu, -1800; when D>0, the reference signal - the received light signal = Me2
DEG2 -1800: When D is 0, the external light returned from the corner prism placed at the external target point as the above-mentioned light reception signal and the reference optical path installed inside the device for calibration.
The different optical paths are measured by the method described above.

In Fig. 6, 66 is an analog multiplexer, and this input signal includes various power supply voltages, [67 altitude minute output voltage, 68 altitude micro minute output voltage, 69 barometric pressure sensor output voltage, 70 An output voltage of the temperature sensor, a DC output voltage of the light reception signal, and 76 a light emission output voltage. These voltages are reference signal selection output voltages from the digital phase circuit 61.

The output of the multi-channel analog multiplexer 66 is C
. Outputs only the specified analog signal from P/U as output. This output is digitally converted by the A'D converter circuit and C. P. Process that value from U'. That is, the atmospheric pressure sensor 69, the temperature sensor 70, the altitude minute output,
The four advanced micro-degree outputs are used for calculations and are sent to RAM memory, and the rectified outputs of various power supply voltage light reception signals,
The light emission output and the reference signal selection output are compared with respective preset values to determine whether they are appropriate. P. Judging by U. Among these, it is determined whether the reference signal selection output should be positive or negative as a reference signal, and each circuit and C. Command P.U.
In Fig. 6, reference numeral 73 denotes a keyboard, which is installed on the upper panel of the telescope frame, and is used to execute functions of the device and input the altitude angle taken. Reference numeral 72 is a keyboard of a wireless receiving circuit, which demodulates signals sent by light, ultrasonic waves, radio waves, etc. into signals for the keyboard.C. P. Enter U.

This allows you to input various functions of the device, altitude angle, etc. without touching the main body. In other words, the telescope sighting axis and the optical axis for the leakage distance are coaxial, the altitude angle is taken out by a potentiometer, the output of the side angle of the deposit distance is processed and calculated, and the device that converts and displays the oblique distance, horizontal distance, and actual direct distance is installed inside the telescope. A light wave capturing rangefinder can be obtained that allows the telescope to be freely rotated and does not impair the functionality of the theodolite. As described above, the present invention uses a common aperture for the telescope sighting aperture and the transmitting/receiving aperture for the neck distance, and by using a special prism, the inkstone sighting axis, the transmitting axis for the neck distance, and the light receiving axis are completely connected. This makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the side aperture without causing parallax in the side aperture axis, and because the telescope sighting aperture and the aperture for the side aperture are made the same, the light wave side aperture can be made extremely compact. There is an effect that can be formed. Furthermore, in the present invention, not only can the angle of the fishing octagon be input manually, commands to start measurement, and various other commands be performed, but also functions similar to those performed by a keyboard can be performed by remote control. This allows you to control the telescope without touching it after sighting the target. Micro-reading is a direct numerical reading method, and in addition to optical angle reading, the altitude angle is measured electrically by depositing a resistor on the altitude angle and micro-degree scale of the altitude-minute scale. This has the effect of providing an extremely easy-to-operate light wave side rangefinder that can measure angles and automatically determine horizontal distance by sending the value to the side range section.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an optical schematic diagram of the optical rangefinder of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a right side view of the special prism in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a plan view of the altitude protractor, and Fig. 4 is a metal pattern and brush. Fig. 5 is a side view showing the positional relationship of the micro protractor, Fig. 6 is a block diagram, Fig. 7 is a digital phase circuit diagram, and Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the phase difference. It is. ×...Telescope sighting axis, Y...forehead. Distance optical axis, A...Telescope, 11...Objective lens, 1
2...Special prism, 12a, 1'2b...Light wave reflecting surface, 13a, 13b...Condensing lens, 14...
Light emitting diode, 15... Light receiving diode, 16... Afocal lens, 17... Focusing mirror, 18... Tawara eye lens, 1
9, 20... Prism, 21, 22... Left and right prisms, 23... Special plating, 24... Shutter, 31
... Altitude degree scale, 32... Scale, 33... Metal scale, 34, 35... Metal band, 36, 37... Separated portion, 38, 39... Brush, 41 ...Micro minute scale, 73...Keyboard. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 8 Figure 6 Figure 7

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A special prism is arranged on the optical axis behind the objective lens in the telescope barrel, and a light emitting diode provided outside the optical axis and a light receiving diode are arranged symmetrically with respect to the optical axis. Two prisms and two lenses are provided at symmetrical positions to guide the reference light of the light to the light receiving diode,
A distance measuring optical system is formed by providing a focusing mirror and an eyepiece on the optical axis behind the special prism, and a distance measuring optical system is formed on the optical axis between the special prism and the focusing mirror of the optical system. By arranging the afocal lens, the objective lens, special prism, afocal lens, focusing mirror, and eyepiece form a collimating optical system coaxially collimated with the ranging optical system, and the telescope barrel can be vertically collimated. In a light wave rangefinder formed to be freely rotatable in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction of an altitude scale scale provided on the horizontal axis of the telescope and a micro-degree scale scale optically related to the scale scale. Equipped with each potentiometer to take out the rotation angle, and distance measurement,
A C circuit comprising a circuit for processing and calculating the output of angle measurement, and a selector connected to the keyboard of the radio receiving circuit and the distance measurement and angle measurement function input keyboard built into the processing calculation circuit.
．． P. It has a configuration in which a device for converting and displaying oblique distance, horizontal distance, and vertical distance is built into the telescope barrel, and the special prism is connected to the optical axis of the objective lens and The prisms 21 and 22 are bonded together, and one prism 21 has a surface 12a at an angle that can receive a reference light beam from a light emitting diode and bend the light beam toward the objective lens side. At the same time, the other prism 22 is formed with a surface 12b having an angle that can bend the reflected light beam from the objective lens toward the light receiving diode, and infrared light is reflected on the surfaces 12a and 12b, while visible light is transmitted. The potentiometer consists of a special plating 23, and the potentiometer is provided with a plurality of cylindrical metal bands concentrically with the scale lines on the protractor dial on the altitude scale dial and the micro-degree scale dial, and the metal band A cut-off part is provided in a part of each of the cut-off parts, one side of each cut-off part end is connected to each other for conduction, and an equally divided metal scale line in contact with the metal strip is provided on one of the plurality of metal bands. A metal pattern is provided, and the potentiometer is composed of a brush that slides on the scale line of the metal pattern and a brush that slides in contact with another metal band, and the output of the potentiometer is processed by a processing circuit to measure distance and measurement. A structure of a light wave rangefinder characterized by displaying horizontal and vertical distances on a display by combining angles.