JPS6012533B2 - Heat pump air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention does not require a separate heat source such as an auxiliary electric heater;
The present invention relates to a heat pump type air conditioner/heater that can secure a heating heat source using the electric compressor itself and can increase the heating capacity when the heating capacity is insufficient.

Air source heat pump type air conditioners have a heating capacity that actually decreases when the heating load increases due to a decrease in outside air temperature, and cannot raise the room temperature to a predetermined temperature.

Therefore, an auxiliary electric heater was added to the subsidiary to increase the capacity, but electric heaters do not have very good heating efficiency, so running costs increase, making them undesirable.
Therefore, it was difficult to say that it was an appropriate device in the current situation where energy saving measures are required. Recently, heater-less air conditioners equipped with capacity-controlled compressors have been increasingly used from the perspective of improving the effective energy ratio (E・E・R). Measures to improve capacity, which is not as noticeable compared to those with positive displacement compressors, are an important issue, but the reality is that no solution has been found that can meet the demands. .

To address these problems, the present invention eliminates the need for an auxiliary electric heater, but provides the device itself, particularly the general-purpose constant displacement electric compressor itself, with a heating capacity enhancement function during severe cold weather. An important feature is that it is able to overcome the deficiencies of the subordinate system.

Hereinafter, specific contents of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a refrigeration circuit diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a compressor 1, a four-way selector valve 2, an indoor coil 3, and a check valve 7.
By connecting a capillary tube 4 which has a capillary tube 4 in parallel and functions during a cooling cycle, a capillary tube 5 which has a check valve 8 in parallel and functions during a heating cycle, and an outdoor coil 6 to a known reversible cycle as shown in the figure. During heating, the refrigerant flows as shown by the solid line arrow, and during cooling and defrosting during the heating period, the refrigerant flows as shown by the broken line arrow.

In FIG. 1, 9 is an outdoor fan, 9M is a motor for the fan, 1 is an indoor fan, and 10M is a motor for the fan. As mentioned above, during heating operation, cold soot flows as a solid line, and the outdoor coil 6 acts as an evaporator. Therefore, in the severe cold of winter, the difference between the outside air temperature and the evaporation temperature becomes small, and the heat is reduced. As mentioned above, the heating capacity decreases because the exchange capacity decreases.

However, the compressor 1 is a constant capacity type general-purpose machine that does not have an unload mechanism, etc., and is directly connected to the AC electric conductor IM and housed integrally in the casing C. For example, a high-pressure dome-shaped electric compressor is formed so as to affect the cold soot discharged from the compressor.

Next, a control circuit 2 which controls the operation of the air conditioner having the above structure will be explained with reference to FIG.

The electric motor IM shown in FIG. 2 is a three-phase AC transfer conductor, and is connected to a three-phase AC power source via an electromagnetic switch 11 for controlling compressor operation.

Reference numeral 2a designates a solenoid for the four-way switching valve 2, which regulates the refrigeration circuit to the heating cycle in the case of non-excited three-magnetism.

The electromagnetic switch 11 is an operation command device 12 installed indoors.
Based on the operation command, the solenoid 11s is energized to close the main contact 11a and the auxiliary contact 11a.

The operation command device 12 is an electronic circuit that is activated by receiving low voltage power from the step-down transformer 24 when the operation switch 20 is turned on, and receives signals from the thermistor 18 for detecting room temperature and the variable resistor 19 for setting the room temperature. When the room temperature is higher than the set temperature by a certain value during cooling, and when it is lower than the set temperature during heating, an operation command is issued, and the operation command is continued until the temperature almost matches the set temperature. It operates to issue a capacity increase command when the room temperature further decreases by exceeding the temperature difference with respect to the set temperature during heating operation, and is formed into a so-called two-stage command type command device. has been done.

Reference numeral 13 is a relay that is energized when a capacity increase command is issued from the operation command device 12, and its normally open contact 13a.
, normally closed contact 13b is switched, but normally open contact 13
a, one terminal V of the three terminals of the stator winding of the motor IM is connected to one phase of the three-phase power supply via the zero capacitor 15, and the normally open contact 13b connects the one terminal V to the three-phase power supply through the zero capacitor 15. It is connected to one phase other than the negative phase of the phase power supply.

! Reference numeral 6 denotes a relay, which is provided in connection with the underside heating selector switch 17, and when the switch 17 is operated to the cooling side, it is energized to switch the normally open contact 16a, the normally closed contact 16b, and the changeover contact 16c. However, the four-way switching valve 2 is switched to the cooling side by closing the normally open contact 16a, the 1'0 relay 13 is deenergized by opening the normally closed contact 16b, and the outdoor fan motor is switched by switching the switching contact 16c. The 9M is designed to be driven at high speed.

Reference numeral 21 denotes an air volume control switch provided on the indoor side, and is arranged so that the indoor fan motor 10M can be manually switched between high speed, medium speed, and low speed.

22 is a driving relay, which is energized when the driving switch 20 is turned on, and the indoor fan motor 10M is activated by the contact 22a.
It is designed to be able to supply power to.

Next, the operation mode during cooling or heating operation will be explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2. First, during cooling operation, relay 16 is energized, so relay 13 is always de-energized, and therefore the capacity is improved. The capacitor 15 for this purpose is not energized.

On the other hand, during heating operation in winter, if the difference between the room temperature and the set temperature is large, the electromagnetic switch 11 and the relay 13 are simultaneously energized by the capacity increase command from the command unit 12, and the compressor 1 is operated. , the capacitor 15 is energized.
The compressor motor IM is immediately disconnected from the S phase by the operation of relay 3, and the terminal V is connected to the power supply T via capacitor 5.
connected to the phase.

Therefore, the motor M becomes a single-phase induction motor driven by a single-phase power supply between the R phase and the T phase, and the temperature of the winding increases.

The heat generated by this temperature rise contributes to the temperature rise of the gas discharged from the compressor 1, and as a result, the amount of heat in the cooling chamber that exchanges heat with indoor air in the indoor coil 3 increases, increasing the heating capacity. becomes possible.

When the operating capacitor 15 is connected to a three-phase induction motor and the motor is operated as a single-phase induction motor, the maximum output decreases,
Therefore, for the same load, the load factor increases and the current flowing through the winding increases.

In the case where Z is connected via a capacitor, the voltage applied to the winding becomes high when the load is light, so the current flowing into the winding increases. Also, as the capacitance of the capacitor increases, the current flowing into the winding increases, and due to this increase in current, the winding temperature increases at the rate of Z current, so sufficient heat can be obtained to match the heating load. be able to.

Note that when the current flowing into the motor IM increases and the input increases as a result, almost no heat is generated in the capacitor 16, so it goes without saying that almost all of the increased input becomes heat generated within the winding. stomach. When the room temperature approaches the set temperature due to the operation with improved performance in this way, the relay 13 is deenergized by the release of the increased performance command, and the motor IM
is connected to a three-phase power supply and returns to normal three-phase operation, so it enters normal operation. Needless to say, if the capacity is insufficient during normal operation, the room temperature will drop and the difference from the set temperature will become large, so the relay 13 will be energized and capacity reinforcement room operation will be automatically performed.

In this way, during high-load operation during heating, the compressor 1
By forcibly increasing the winding temperature of the electric motor IM for use in the refrigerant system, the temperature of the discharged gas from the compressor 1 can be increased using this heat, making it possible to increase the heating capacity. This method heats the soot efficiently in the cold soot passage rather than heating it from outside, so the heat exchange performance is good.

Also, since no electric heater is used, E•E•R is improved.

Next, referring to FIG. 3, the example shown in FIG. is applied to small capacity air conditioners for general household use.

The motor IM for the compressor 1 is formed into a single-phase AC motor of the capacitor start/operation type, and the condenser 15 is connected in parallel to the operating capacitor 14 connected in series to the auxiliary winding, so as to serve as a starter. The structure other than that shown in FIG. 2 is the same as that shown in FIG.

Next, the main operating mode of this device example will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3. By starting the heating operation, the relay 1
3 is excited, the capacitor 15 is energized by closing the normally open contact 13a, and the starting torque increases.

The amount of heat generated by the electric motor IM increases due to the increase in the current in the auxiliary winding along with the increase in starting torque, and as shown in Figure 2, this increase in heat amount contributes to increasing the heating capacity and increases the heating capacity in a short time. The room temperature approaches the set temperature.

As a result, the parallel relationship between the capacitor 15 and the operating capacitor 14 is cut off due to the deenergization of the relay 13, and the heating operation is switched to normal heating operation.

Even when the outside air temperature is low and the heating load is high, the capacitor 15 is naturally energized and the electric compressor operates with increased capacity.

The state when the capacitor 15 is energized is as follows; the auxiliary winding current of the motor IM increases and the winding temperature rises; however, at this time, although the current flowing through the main winding is small, Since the temperature of the main winding decreases and the temperature of the main winding does not rise to 0 degrees, the temperature of the auxiliary winding also transfers to the main winding side, so there is no risk of burning out the winding even if a considerably large current is passed through the auxiliary winding. .

The resistance of the capacitor 15 is negligible compared to the winding resistance of the motor IM, so most of the input that increases due to the connection of the capacitor 15 contributes to an increase in the winding temperature, and all of it is caused by compression. It acts as an amount of heat that increases the temperature of the gas discharged from the machine 1.

The contents of the present invention have been clarified by the above-mentioned examples, and the effects of the present invention are listed below.

'i' During operation when heating capacity is insufficient, the electric motor I for compressor 1
M is actively made to have a large calorific value, and this calorific value can be effectively used to heat the discharged gas within the casing, so the thermal efficiency is higher than heating by other heat sources from outside the cold soot system. , reducing running costs. (o) Compared to conventional devices with auxiliary electric heaters, the E/E/R is greater, making it a device that can meet the demands of the times, and can provide a highly safe device. .

In the case of a single-phase induction motor, the starting capacitor can be shared, so it has the advantage of being highly economical.

0 It can be used not only when the heating capacity is insufficient, but also to improve the start-up characteristics at the start of operation, and the economical effect of shortening the warm-up time is also large.

As described above, the present invention is a heat pump type air conditioner/heater that exhibits various excellent effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a refrigeration circuit diagram of an example of the air conditioner/heater of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are electrical circuit diagrams of each example of the air conditioner/heater of the invention. 1...Compressor, IM...AC induction machine,
13...Relay, 15...Capacitor. Ko'zu Shiokako Ko 3 Ward

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The AC induction motor 1M and the compression motor 1 are directly connected to each other and housed integrally in a casing, and the refrigeration circuit can be switched between the cooling cycle and the heating cycle by switching the four-way switching valve 2. In switchable heat pump air conditioners,
A relay 13 is provided which is energized while the refrigeration circuit is switched to the heating cycle and the room temperature is lower than the set temperature by more than a predetermined temperature difference.
By connecting a part of the winding M, the capacitor 15, and the normally open contact 13a of the relay 13 in series and communicating with the power supply, heat is generated in a part of the winding when heating capacity is insufficient. 1. A heat pump type air-conditioning/heating machine characterized by passing a phase-advanced current of a value sufficient to generate energy. 2. The AC induction motor 1M that is directly connected to the compressor 1 is a capacitor-started and operated single-phase induction motor, and the capacitor 15 and the winding of the motor 1M are connected in series with the normally open contact 13a of the relay 13. 2. The heat pump type air-conditioning machine according to claim 1, wherein a part of the starting capacitor and the auxiliary winding.