JPS60121988A - Semiconductor motor having one-phase armature coil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the efficiency by energizing the other armature coil by the induction output of one armature coil. CONSTITUTION:When an electric switch 12a is closed, an armature coil 2b is energized, and a motor is started. Since the positive output is obtained from an operational amplifier 21a by the induced output of an armature coil 2a, the base current of a transistor 14b is obtained, and the positive output is obtained by an operational amplifier 21b by the induced output of the coil 3b, the base current of the transistor 14b is obtained, and the rotation is subsequently performed. When exceeding the set rotary speed designated by the input voltage of a terminal 24a, the armature coils 2a, 2b are not energized at the point of zero magnetic field, but energized in the zone that is effective for the torque, thereby improving the efficiency.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a semiconductor motor that drives and rotates a magnet rotor by controlling the energization of a phase II armature coil.

The above-mentioned electric motor has a componentized structure and can be manufactured to be small, light and heavy, and at low cost, so it has found wide use as a small fan motor.

However, it has the following essential drawbacks.

The reason why a conventional induction motor is used as a fan motor is because it is efficient and the rotation speed can be easily adjusted, but both of these characteristics are unsatisfactory. The reason for this will be explained with reference to FIG. 1.2.

FIG. 1 is a developed view of the armature coil and magnetic rotor of a one-phase electric motor.

Symbol 1 is a magnetic rotor, which is generally composed of four magnetic poles (la, lb, lc, ld) including NX and S magnetic poles, and rotates in the direction of the arrow. There are two types of fixed armatures, one with a core and the other without a core, to which an armature coil 2a2b is attached. The armature coils 2a and 2b may be one coil, and may be divided into two sets of armature coils by an intermediate tamp. ■Generally, the armature coils 2a, 2. b is 3 in electrical angle
They are 60 degrees apart. In this specification, everything hereinafter will be expressed in electrical angles.

The Hall element 3 is fixed to the armature and provides this output. Since such an electric motor can be started depending on the stop position of the magnet rotor l, several well-known means are employed. For example, the above-mentioned drawbacks can be eliminated by changing the shape of the salient poles of the armature and using cosogging.

In addition, the Maguitt 4 is fixed to the armature, and when stopped, the N pole of the Macnet 4 and the S pole of the Makune I rotor 1 are attracted and stopped at opposing positions, and the armature coil 2b is energized. After that, continued rotation is obtained by energizing the other coil using the induced output of the other coil. In this case, the Hall element 3 becomes unnecessary.

In the time chart of FIG. 2, curve 5a.

5b is the induced output by the armature coil 2a%2b, which is proportional to the magnetic field distribution curve of the magnet rotor 1. Since the back electromotive force is zero at both ends, the armature current curves become as shown by symbols 5a and 5b. Therefore, the current value is maximum at the point where the torque is zero, resulting in only copper loss, which deteriorates efficiency. This tendency becomes more pronounced as the output increases. For DC motors with an output of several watts, the efficiency is rarely less than 50%, but for single-phase motors, the efficiency can be reduced to 20%.
It would be difficult to do the above.

The device of the present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks and has the additional feature of controlling the rotational speed. Next, the details of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.4 will be explained.

In FIG. 3(a), when the Hall element (a Hall IC is used) 3 is under the N-pole magnetic field, its output causes the transistor 14b to conduct, and the armature coil 2b to turn on. Electricity is applied in the direction of the arrow, and driving torque is generated.

Therefore, the base voltage of the transistor 14a decreases and becomes non-conductive, and an induced output is generated in the armature coil 2a in the direction of the arrow.

Therefore, the transistor 15a obtains a pace current through the resistor 15c, and a voltage proportional to the induced output is applied to the resistor 16.
Occurs in a. Symbol 12 is the power supply positive pole, power switch 1
A voltage is applied to the armature coils 2a and 2b via the transistor 13, which is conducting 2a1.

Under exactly the same circumstances, when the armature coil 2a is energized, the induced output of the armature coil 2b in the arrow direction is
Resistor 16 via transistor 15b and resistor 15d
A voltage drop proportional to the induced output occurs at b.

Since the capacitor 24b forms a smoothing circuit together with a diode, its charging voltage becomes an average value of the induced output, that is, a value proportional to the rotation speed.

The voltage drop caused by the resistor 16a is differentiated by a differentiating circuit comprising a capacitor 17a and a resistor 18a, and the differentiated pulse is input to an R8 type flip-flop circuit 20a via a diode connected in forward and reverse directions.

Therefore, a positive differential pulse is input to the flip-flop circuit 20a at point 5C in the time chart of FIG. 2, and a negative differential pulse is input to the flip-flop circuit 20a at point 5d. Therefore, the output is a positive rectangular wave of "1" which is 1/2 of the induced output curve 5a. This output is the integral circuit 29a, 29
Under the same circumstances as the operational amplifier, the induced output of the armature coil 2b is integrated by the differentiating circuits 17b, 18b,
The input waveform of the flip-flop circuit 20b1 product is like the curve 8''a in the time chart of Fig. 2.The heights of the songs IJ8a and 8b are constant regardless of the magnitude of the induced output. .

The voltage of the capacitor 24b is input to the non-inverting terminal of the operational amplifier 24, and the output of the reference voltage terminal 24a is input to the inverting terminal. The output of the operational amplifier 24+ is also input to the inverting terminals of the operational amplifiers 21a and 21b.

Wake up! When the rotational speed at 11 o'clock is small, the voltage of the capacitor 24b is lower than the voltage of the terminal 24a, so
The output of the operational amplifier 244 is a negative output, and the output of the operational amplifiers 21 a - 21 b is a positive output. The base current of '1 is passed. Therefore, when the motor rotates and exceeds the set speed, the voltage at the capacitor 24b exceeds the voltage at the terminal 24a.
The output of the operational amplifier 24 becomes positive and is at the position indicated by the dotted line 9 in the time chart of FIG. Therefore, the operational amplifier 21a
, 21b take a positive value between the dotted lines 8c and 8d and the dotted lines 8e and 8f, so the conductive section of the transistor 13 also corresponds thereto.

Therefore, the energization curve of the armature coil 2a becomes a curve 10a, and the energization curve of the armature coil 2b becomes a curve 10b. In any of the energizing curves, since no current is applied at the point of zero magnetic field, the current is energized in the section that is effective for torque, which has the effect of increasing efficiency.

When the rotational speed increases beyond the set speed, the dotted line 9 moves upward, so that when rlJ of the energization curves 10a and 10b is small, the output torque is reduced. Therefore, there is a feature that the set speed is maintained.

Furthermore, by changing the input voltage at the terminal 24a, the set rotational speed can also be changed freely.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 3(b) shows a case where the pole element 3 of FIG. 3(a) is removed and the magnet 4 shown in FIG. 1 is activated. Components with the same symbols as those in FIG. 3(a) have the same functions and effects, so their explanations will be omitted.

In FIG. 1, the magnet rotor 4 is stopped at a position where the south pole of the magnet rotor 1 faces each other. When the electric switch 1h is closed, the base current of the transistor 14b is obtained through the capacitor 19, so that the armature coil 2
b is energized and the motor starts. Since a positive output is obtained from the operational amplifier 21a, which is smaller than the induced output of the armature coil 2a, the base current of the transistor 14b is obtained.
Also, due to the induced output of the armature coil 2b, the operational amplifier 21
Since a positive output is obtained from transistor 14a
A base current of is obtained and subsequent rotation takes place.

When the input voltage at the terminal 24a exceeds the specified set rotational speed, the transistor 14a114b is activated as in the previous embodiment.
The conduction section is point 1j8c on the time chart of Fig. 2,
8d and points 18e and 8f, the energization curves of armature coils 2a and 2b also become curves IQa and lOb. Therefore, the effect is exactly the same as that of the previous embodiment.

Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 will be described.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 4(a) is a motor that rotates by controlling the energization of the armature coils 2a and 2b using the Hall element 3, as in FIG. 3(a). Further, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4(b) is an electric motor that rotates using a magnifier 4, similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3(b). Components with the same symbols as those in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) have the same functions and effects, so their explanations will be omitted.

The voltage proportional to the rotational speed becomes the voltage of the capacitor 241]. Unlike the previous embodiment, the above-mentioned voltage is obtained using only the induced output of the armature coil 2b, but the voltage of the other armature coils 2a can also be used at the same time.

The voltage of the capacitor 24b is changed by the inverting amplification circuit 25c so that as the input voltage increases, the output voltage decreases. The amplifying circuit can be configured as shown in FIG. 4(c), for example.

In FIG. 4(C), as the input terminal of terminal 28b becomes larger, the base current of transistor 28, which is energized from reference voltage terminal 12b, becomes smaller, and the output voltage of terminal 28a becomes smaller.

With the above configuration, when the voltage of the capacitor 24b increases, the lJ increase rate of the variable gain amplification circuits 25a and 25b becomes smaller. ff14 When the rotational speed increases, the heights of curves 5a and 5b in the time chart of FIG. 2, which are the outputs of the variable gain amplification circuits 25a and 25b, decrease.

ψ;11; Child 7 of child 27 is indicated by dotted line 7 in the time chart of FIG. operational amplifier 26a,
The output of 26b becomes a positive value only in the interval between points 5e and 5f and points 15g and 5h on the time chart. Only during this positive value, the outputs of the operational amplifiers 25a and 26b are
Since the base of the transistor 13 is controlled and conductive via the OR circuit 22 and the two inverting circuits, the current flowing through the armature coils 2a and 2b is the same as the song It in the time chart.
j! It becomes like l(la) 10 b. Therefore, the effect is similar to that of the previous embodiment, and there is a feature of increasing efficiency.

The set rotational speed increases or decreases in response to increasing or decreasing the input voltage to the terminal 270. This is because the heights of the induced output curves 5a, 5b increase or decrease in response to increases or decreases in the rotational speed.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 4(b) is an example of activation using the magnet 4 shown in FIG. 1, and its operation is exactly the same as that shown in FIG. 3(b).

The activation is performed by the conduction of the transistor 14b by the capacitor 19 of the armature coil 2b, and during rotation,
The outputs of the E+J variable gain amplification circuits 25a and 25b control the bases of the transistors 1.4b and 14a, respectively, and the energization of the armature coils 2a and 2b is alternated to obtain the subsequent driving torque. It is being

Depending on the input voltage of terminal 27, operational amplifiers 26a and 25b
Since the section with positive output is the section of dotted lines 5e, 5f and dotted line 5g>-5h in the time chart of Fig. 2,
As in the previous embodiment, armature coil 2a.

2b also has a curve as shown in Oa, 10b.

Therefore, the effects are also the same.

As explained above, according to the apparatus of the present invention, the object stated at the beginning is achieved and the effect is remarkable.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a developed view of the magnet rotor and armature coil of the device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a time chart showing the curves of induced output and armature current, and Fig. 3 is the energization control circuit of the device of the present invention. Similarly, FIG. 4 also shows energization control circuit diagrams in other embodiments. ■... Magnet rotor, 2a12b... Armature coil, 3... Hall element, 4... Magnet, 5
a, 5 b ・=HN4 output curve, 5 a, 6 b
, 10a. lOb... Current flow curve of armature coil 2a% 2b, B
a, s b-1ji branch circuit (29a, 29b) output curve, 12-...power supply positive terminal, 14 az 14
b 115 a 115 b 128...transistor, 23...inverting circuit, 22...OR circuit, 21
a121b124.26a126b... operational amplifier,
12a...' Electric switch, 2 (la120b/
・Flimp flop circuit, 24a, 27.12b・
...Reference voltage terminal, 25 a z 25 b...Variable origin gain amplification circuit, 25C...Inversion amplification circuit. Patent Applicant No. l

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a semiconductor electric machine that obtains driving torque by controlling the energization of two sets of first and second one-phase armature coils that are alternately energized using a position detection signal, the second armature that is in a de-energized state A first energization control circuit that energizes the first armature coil according to the induced output of the coil and stops the first and last stages symmetrically;
A one-phase armature coil characterized by comprising a second energization control circuit that energizes the second armature coil according to four outputs and stops the energization symmetrically at the initial stage and the final stage. Equipped with a semiconductor electric motor.