JPS598475Y2 - Electric compressor starting device - Google Patents
Electric compressor starting deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPS598475Y2 JPS598475Y2 JP1976058085U JP5808576U JPS598475Y2 JP S598475 Y2 JPS598475 Y2 JP S598475Y2 JP 1976058085 U JP1976058085 U JP 1976058085U JP 5808576 U JP5808576 U JP 5808576U JP S598475 Y2 JPS598475 Y2 JP S598475Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- starting
- terminals
- motor
- electric compressor
- compressor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
本考案は電動圧縮機の起動装置に係り、特に起動時にお
いて圧縮機用三相誘導電動機をコンデンサ起動により単
相運転させ、圧縮機に対する機械的衝撃を緩和し得る低
トルク起動が可能な電動圧縮機の起動装置に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a starting device for an electric compressor, and in particular, at the time of starting, a three-phase induction motor for the compressor is operated in a single phase by capacitor starting, and a low The present invention relates to a starting device for an electric compressor that is capable of torque starting.
空調機などの冷凍装置に使用する密閉形圧縮機は圧縮機
と電動機とを軸直結させて圧力容器内に一体収納した構
造であって電動機と圧縮機の連結部においてスリップが
全くなく、従って電動機の起動トルクが過大であると、
起動時に設定回転数まで急速に上昇するために圧縮機に
機械的衝撃が加重され種々の悪影響を及ぼすことは周知
である。Hermetic compressors used in refrigeration equipment such as air conditioners have a structure in which the compressor and electric motor are directly connected to each other and housed in a pressure vessel, and there is no slippage at the connection between the electric motor and compressor. If the starting torque of
It is well known that mechanical shock is applied to the compressor due to the rapid increase in rotation speed to the set rotation speed upon startup, which has various adverse effects.
特に回転の急上昇に伴って吸入口に液冷媒が多量流れ込
み、圧縮機破損を招来することが屡々あり、一方、電気
回路側について見ると、圧縮機用電動機は冷却効果が大
であるために定格容量一杯での運転が可能であって、電
動機電流が一般の産業用機器の同容量のものに比べて大
きくなるのが普通であるので、直起動を行わせると起動
電流が過大となって電線路への電気的ショックを与える
問題があった。In particular, when the rotation speed increases rapidly, a large amount of liquid refrigerant flows into the suction port, often resulting in damage to the compressor.On the other hand, when looking at the electrical circuit side, compressor motors have a large cooling effect, so Although it is possible to operate at full capacity, the motor current is normally larger than that of general industrial equipment of the same capacity, so if direct starting is performed, the starting current will be excessive and the wires will be damaged. There was a problem with electric shocks being given to the road.
そこで、それ等の不都合を防止する手段として、起動ト
ルクの低下をはからせる起動運転がとられているが、家
庭用クーラなどの小形機の場合は概して単相誘導電動機
であるので、コンデンサ起動方式を採用しており、この
場合には起動コンテ゛ンサの容量を小さくすることによ
って簡単に解決することができ何等問題はないが、圧縮
機用電動機が大形で三相誘導電動機である場合には起動
トルク低減の対策として種々の複雑な起動装置が必要と
なってくる。Therefore, as a means to prevent such inconveniences, starting operation is used to reduce the starting torque, but since small machines such as household coolers are generally single-phase induction motors, capacitor starting In this case, it can be easily solved by reducing the capacity of the starting capacitor and there is no problem, but if the compressor motor is large and is a three-phase induction motor, As a measure to reduce the starting torque, various complicated starting devices are required.
特に2.2 KW、3.O KW、3.7 KW程度の
比較的小出力形の誘導電動機の場合には、三相各母線中
にリアクトルを介挿させて起動トルクを下げて起動し、
その後リアクトルを夫々短絡させ通常運転に入らせるリ
アクトル始動方式、また三相のうち一相のみにリアクト
ルを介挿させリアクトル始動方式同様、通常運転への切
替えには遅延リレー等によりリアクトルを短絡させるク
ザ始動が広く知られかつ利用されている。Especially 2.2 KW, 3. In the case of a relatively small-output induction motor of about 3.7 KW, a reactor is inserted in each three-phase bus bar to reduce the starting torque and start the motor.
There is a reactor starting method in which the reactors are then short-circuited to enter normal operation, and a reactor starting method in which a reactor is inserted into only one of the three phases, as well as a method in which the reactor is short-circuited using a delay relay or the like to switch to normal operation. Starting is widely known and used.
ところがか・る始動方式には次のような欠点があった。However, this starting method had the following drawbacks.
即ち、リアクトル、遅延リレーの装置コストが高くて汎
用性に欠けること、起動トルクが負荷トルクより極端に
小さく拘束状態に入った場合には、これに関係なくリア
クトルが短絡されてしまって直始動となるので圧縮機へ
の起動時のショックを緩和させる本来の効果が期待でき
ず、また、負荷の変化が大きい電動圧縮機の場合にはり
アクトルの選定が困難となるなどが挙げられる。In other words, the equipment cost of the reactor and delay relay is high and lacks versatility, and if the starting torque is extremely lower than the load torque and enters a restricted state, the reactor will be short-circuited regardless of this, resulting in direct starting. Therefore, the original effect of alleviating the shock to the compressor at startup cannot be expected, and in the case of an electric compressor with large load changes, it becomes difficult to select the actuator.
なお冷凍機用圧縮機の場合には実験結果からまた実用試
験の結果からも、液圧縮のときに通常時の3〜5倍の機
械的衝撃が加わり通常時20 kg/cm”の高圧々力
が100’kg/cm2相当にもなり、また定格出力を
同じとした場合、三相の方が単相に比べて起動トルクが
大きいために故障率が約2倍程度に増大することが知ら
れている。In the case of compressors for refrigerators, experimental results and practical test results show that when compressing liquid, mechanical shock is 3 to 5 times higher than normal, resulting in a high pressure of 20 kg/cm". is equivalent to 100'kg/cm2, and it is known that when the rated output is the same, the failure rate is approximately twice as high in three-phase systems as the starting torque is greater than that in single-phase systems. ing.
本考案はか・る事実に対処して、簡単な構造で有効な始
動トルク低減をはからせることができ、もって従来方式
の諸欠陥を排除し得る新規な圧縮機用三相電動機の起動
装置を提供する可く種々検討の結果考案されるに至った
ものであって、特に常開接点および常閉接点の2接点を
有する起動リレーと放電抵抗付起動用コンテ゛ンサとの
組合わせによって、三相運転と等回転方向の低トルク単
相運転を起動時に行わせることで、圧縮機に対する機械
的衝撃の緩和をはからせ得る点を特徴としており、これ
を添付図面の1例に基づいて詳述する。The present invention addresses these facts and provides a new starting device for a three-phase electric motor for a compressor that can effectively reduce the starting torque with a simple structure, thereby eliminating the various defects of the conventional method. It was devised as a result of various studies to provide a three phase By performing low-torque, single-phase operation in the same rotational direction as the compressor at startup, the mechanical impact on the compressor can be alleviated, and this will be explained in detail based on an example in the attached drawing. do.
図において1は、母線L1,L2,L3によって三相電
源R, S, Tに接続させる三相誘導電動機であり
、操作回路に設けたリレーの励磁等により投入される開
閉器7で発停が或される。In the figure, 1 is a three-phase induction motor that is connected to three-phase power supplies R, S, and T via bus lines L1, L2, and L3, and is started and stopped by a switch 7 that is turned on by excitation of a relay installed in the operating circuit. be done.
三相誘導電動機(以下電動機と略称する)1は圧縮機と
軸直結させており、そして3個の巻線端子U, V,
Wを有する3.7KW以下の小出力電動機である。A three-phase induction motor (hereinafter referred to as the motor) 1 is directly connected to the compressor, and has three winding terminals U, V,
It is a small output motor of 3.7KW or less.
2は公知の起動リレーで電動機1に付設させるが、コイ
ル3の励磁によって閉或に転じる常間接点4と、開放に
転じる常閉接点5とを備えているが、両接点4,5は別
体でなくて、1個の切換接点であっても勿論差支えない
。Reference numeral 2 denotes a known starting relay that is attached to the motor 1, and is equipped with a normally closed contact 4 that is closed or closed when a coil 3 is energized, and a normally closed contact 5 that is opened. Of course, there is no problem even if it is a single switching contact instead of a body.
6は電動機1に付設させた放電抵抗付起動用コンデンサ
(以下コンデンサと略称する)であり、設定した起動ト
ルクを得るために所定の容量のものが選ばれる。Reference numeral 6 denotes a starting capacitor with a discharge resistor (hereinafter referred to as a capacitor) attached to the motor 1, and a capacitor having a predetermined capacity is selected in order to obtain a set starting torque.
しかして起動リレー2は、コイル3を前記端子U, V
, Wのうちの何れかの2端子U, V間に接?する一
方、コンデンサ6を前記常閉接点5を直列に介して前記
2端子U, Vの一方の端子■と2端子U, V以外の
残る端子Wとの間に接続させてモータ1の2巻線M1,
M2およびコイル3に対してコンテ゛ンサ6が直列とな
る回路を形戊させている。Thus, the starting relay 2 connects the coil 3 to the terminals U, V
, W connected between any two terminals U and V? On the other hand, a capacitor 6 is connected through the normally closed contact 5 in series between one terminal (■) of the two terminals U and V and the remaining terminal W other than the two terminals U and V to connect the second winding of the motor 1. Line M1,
A circuit is formed in which the capacitor 6 is connected in series with M2 and the coil 3.
さらに起動リレー2はその常開接点4を前記一方の端子
■と連絡させた母線L2中に介挿させている。Further, the starting relay 2 has its normally open contact 4 inserted into the bus line L2 that communicates with the one terminal (2).
斯く回路構或した起動装置において、前記起動リレー2
の励磁電圧を、電動機1が起動後定格回転数若しくはそ
れに近い回転数に達したときに、前記2端子U, V間
に誘起する電圧値に設定させておく。In the starting device having such a circuit configuration, the starting relay 2
The excitation voltage is set to a voltage value induced between the two terminals U and V when the motor 1 reaches the rated rotational speed or a rotational speed close to it after starting.
上述の構或になる起動装置の作動態様について以下説明
すると、開閉器7を投入して始動させると、起動リレー
2は作動していないので、常開接点4は開き、常閉接点
5は閉じているので、端子U, W間に単相電源RTが
印加される。The operation mode of the starting device having the above-mentioned structure will be explained below. When the switch 7 is turned on and started, the starting relay 2 is not activated, so the normally open contact 4 opens and the normally closed contact 5 closes. Therefore, single-phase power supply RT is applied between terminals U and W.
その際、端子■,W間に接続したコンテ゛ンサ6の働き
によって、電動機1には回転磁界が発生してトルクが生
じ、従って電動機1は低トルクで単相起動する。At this time, due to the action of the capacitor 6 connected between the terminals (2) and (W), a rotating magnetic field is generated in the electric motor 1 and torque is generated, so that the electric motor 1 is started at a low torque in a single phase.
起動後の回転数上昇に伴って、コンデンサ6と直列にな
る巻線M1,M2の両端子U,V間に誘起電圧が漸次上
昇してきて、所定の電圧値に達するとコイル3が励磁さ
れてリレー2が作動するので、常閉接点5が開放し、か
つ、常間接点4が閉止する。As the rotational speed increases after startup, the induced voltage gradually increases between both terminals U and V of the windings M1 and M2 connected in series with the capacitor 6, and when it reaches a predetermined voltage value, the coil 3 is excited. Since the relay 2 is activated, the normally closed contact 5 is opened and the normally closed contact 4 is closed.
この接点転換作動によってコンデンサ6が切り離され、
かつ、母線L2は端子Vと導通するので、電動機1は通
常の三相運転に切り換り、十分なトルクを得て回動する
。This contact switching operation disconnects the capacitor 6,
Moreover, since the bus line L2 is electrically connected to the terminal V, the electric motor 1 switches to normal three-phase operation and rotates with sufficient torque.
かくして起動時は低トルク下での単相運転が、そして回
転上昇後は所定トルクを持つ三相運転に自動切換えられ
、この三相運転は起動リレー2の励磁続行によって電源
を釈放するまで維持される。Thus, at startup, single-phase operation under low torque is automatically switched to three-phase operation with a predetermined torque after the rotation increases, and this three-phase operation is maintained until the power is released by continuing to excite starting relay 2. Ru.
この起動の際で若し負荷トルクが過大であるときに、無
理に起動させず、強制的に電動機の拘束を自動的に行わ
せて電動機を保護させることができ、その結果として圧
縮機が破損したり、機械寿命の短縮を防止することが可
能どなる。During this startup, if the load torque is excessive, the motor can be automatically restrained forcibly without forcing the startup, and the motor can be protected, resulting in damage to the compressor. It is also possible to prevent shortening of machine life.
本考案は叙上の如く圧縮機駆動珀三和誘導電動機を起動
時はイ追トルクのコンデンサ起動方式による単相運転で
、そして回転数が所定値に上昇した後は三和運転にさせ
る自動切換装置を特徴としており、従ってインターバル
の比較的長い緩昇速起動を圧縮機に行わせることができ
るので、液圧縮などの機械的衝撃を斉らす悪影響を軽減
し得る効果がある。As mentioned above, the present invention is to automatically switch the compressor-driven Sanwa induction motor to single-phase operation using a capacitor starting method with additional torque when starting, and to switch to Sanwa operation after the rotation speed rises to a predetermined value. This device is characterized by the ability to cause the compressor to perform slow speed-up startup with a relatively long interval, which has the effect of reducing the negative effects of uniform mechanical shocks such as liquid compression.
しかも自動切換えのタイミング作動は遅延リレーなどの
定性的な制御機構ではなく、当該電動機1の誘起電圧を
検出して作動する起動リレーで行わせているので、換言
するならば起動が正常であったか或は拘束の如き異常が
起ったかを判別して自動切換えが威されるので、不正常
下での切換え作動の如き高トルクでの直入起動が起るこ
とは全くなくて、万がーにも圧縮機に対して機械的衝撃
を起生ずる虞れはなく、確実性、安定性に富む起動装置
である。Moreover, the automatic switching timing is not performed by a qualitative control mechanism such as a delay relay, but by a starting relay that operates by detecting the induced voltage of the motor 1. In other words, it is not possible to determine whether the starting was normal or not. Since the system determines whether an abnormality such as locking has occurred and automatically switches, there is no possibility of direct start-up with high torque such as when switching occurs under abnormal conditions. There is no risk of causing mechanical shock to the compressor, and the starting device is highly reliable and stable.
さらに本考案は起動リレー2とコンテ゛ンサ6とを結合
させた簡易な回路構或であって、特に起動ノレー2の常
閉接点5と放電抵抗付起動用コンデンサ6を直列に接続
することによって、汎用の2接点形起動リレー1個のみ
の使用で所期の目的を達或し得るものであるから、装置
コストは至って低廉で、しかも、既設の電動圧縮機に簡
単に適用することができ、前述せるすぐれた特性を有す
ることと相俟って、その実用的価値は頗る大であり、汎
用装置としてまことに好適な電動圧縮機の起動装置であ
る。Furthermore, the present invention has a simple circuit structure in which the starting relay 2 and the capacitor 6 are combined, and in particular, by connecting the normally closed contact 5 of the starting relay 2 and the starting capacitor 6 with a discharge resistor in series, it can be used for general purpose. Since the desired purpose can be achieved by using only one two-contact type starting relay, the device cost is extremely low, and it can be easily applied to an existing electric compressor. Coupled with its excellent characteristics, it has great practical value, and is a very suitable starting device for an electric compressor as a general-purpose device.
図は本考案装置の1実施例に係る電動圧縮機の電気回路
図である。
1・・・三相誘導電動機、2・・・起動リレー、3・・
・起動リレーのコイル、4・・・該リレーの常開接点、
5・・・同常閉接点、6・・・放電抵抗付起動用コンデ
ンサ、U, V, W・・・電動機各端子、L2・・・
母線。The figure is an electric circuit diagram of an electric compressor according to one embodiment of the device of the present invention. 1...Three-phase induction motor, 2...Start relay, 3...
・Coil of starting relay, 4... Normally open contact of said relay,
5... Normally closed contact, 6... Starting capacitor with discharge resistor, U, V, W... Motor terminals, L2...
Bus line.
Claims (1)
を駆動源とした電動圧縮機において、コイル3の励磁に
よって閉戒に転じる常間接点4および開放に転じる常閉
接点5を有する起動リレー2を前記電動圧縮機に付設し
て、コイル3を前記端子U, V, Wのうちの何れか
の2端子U, V間に接続する一方、放電抵抗付起動用
コンデンサ6を、前記常閉接点5を直列に介して前記2
端子U, Vの一方の端子■と前記端子U, V以外の
端子Wとの間に接続すると共に、前記一方の端子Vを電
源に接続するための母線L2中に前記常開接点4を介挿
させ、さらに起動リレー2の励磁電圧を、前記電動機1
が所定回転数に達したとき前記2端子U,V間に誘起す
る電圧値に設定することにより、三相運転と等回転方向
の低トルク単相運転を起動時に行わせる如くしたことを
特徴とする電動圧縮機の起動装置。Sanwa induction motor 1 with three winding terminals U, V, W
In an electric compressor using a drive source, a starting relay 2 having a normally closed contact 4 which changes to a closed state and a normally closed contact 5 which changes to an open state when the coil 3 is energized is attached to the electric compressor, and the coil 3 is connected to the A starting capacitor 6 with a discharging resistor is connected to the two terminals via the normally closed contact 5 in series.
The normally open contact 4 is connected between one of the terminals U and V and a terminal W other than the terminals U and V, and the normally open contact 4 is connected to the bus L2 for connecting the one terminal V to the power supply. In addition, the excitation voltage of the starting relay 2 is applied to the motor 1.
By setting the voltage value induced between the two terminals U and V when the motor reaches a predetermined rotational speed, three-phase operation and low-torque single-phase operation in the same rotational direction are performed at startup. Starting device for electric compressor.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1976058085U JPS598475Y2 (en) | 1976-05-07 | 1976-05-07 | Electric compressor starting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1976058085U JPS598475Y2 (en) | 1976-05-07 | 1976-05-07 | Electric compressor starting device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS52148317U JPS52148317U (en) | 1977-11-10 |
JPS598475Y2 true JPS598475Y2 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
Family
ID=28517113
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP1976058085U Expired JPS598475Y2 (en) | 1976-05-07 | 1976-05-07 | Electric compressor starting device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS598475Y2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5172115U (en) * | 1974-12-03 | 1976-06-07 |
-
1976
- 1976-05-07 JP JP1976058085U patent/JPS598475Y2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS52148317U (en) | 1977-11-10 |
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