JPS5972421A - Display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an element of long life, which is capable of forming a picture of a good quality with a high driving property by providing an anticorrosion layer against a liquid layer, in a display element which utilizes an optical physical property variation of a liquid layer generated by heating imagewise a light transmittable liquid layer. CONSTITUTION:A heating element 1, a liquid layer 2 and a transparent protective plate 3 are laminated on a substrate 5, and a picture is displayed by using an optical physical property variation generated in a liquid layer heating part 13 by being heated by a heating part 1a of the heating element 1, and modulating incident light 4. In said display element, in case of a structure by which a corrosive constitution element is in direct contact with the liquid layer 2, a protective film (not shown in the figure) consisting of a dielectric of silicon oxide, etc., heat resistance plastic, etc. is provided on the interface of the liquid layer 2 and the corrosive constitution element.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a novel image display method, display element, and display device. Currently, cathode ray tubes (so-called CRTs) are widely used as terminal displays in various office equipment and measuring instruments, or as displays in televisions and video camera monitors. However, dissatisfaction remains with this CRT in that it does not reach the same level as hard copies using silver halide or electrophotography in terms of image quality, resolution, and display capacity. In addition, as an alternative to CRT, attempts have been made to put into practical use so-called liquid crystal panels that use liquid crystals to display images in a matrix. I haven't been able to get anything that I'm satisfied with yet. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems that could not be solved by the conventional techniques in this technical field. In other words, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for displaying high-resolution, high-quality images, and a novel display element r having high-density pixels that is excellent in drive performance, productivity, durability, and reliability, and a method using the same. It is the 14th purpose to provide a display device. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described according to the drawings.
'1M11 will explain. FIG. 1 shows a display element r according to the present invention.
- Figure 1 (
A) shows a transmissive display element f-DE, and FIG. 1(B) shows a reflective display element DE. ■ is a heat generating element and is made of a liquid that is transparent to visible light! Change the physical properties of the night layer 2 and turn the liquid layer 2 into a lake + 11! ! This is to heat the liquid layer 2 to such an extent that i does not occur. As will be described later, this heating element 1 generates heat in various shapes such as a dotted line, a dotted line shape, a dotted line shape, a line shape, and an island shape, and generates heat in a liquid layer 2 by heat conduction. heat up. Examples of the heating element l include those that utilize radiation heating, which will be described later, and those that utilize Joule heat such as resistance heating. When the display element -0E is of a transmission type, the heating element 1 is required to be transparent to visible light. Reference numeral 2 denotes a liquid layer made of a liquid that is transparent to visible light, and the basic composition of this transparent liquid is water or various organic solvents used alone or in combination. Examples of various organic solvents used for this include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, 5ec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, pentyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, heptyl alcohol. , Alkyl alcohols such as octyl alcohol, nonyl alcohol, and decyl alcohol; For example, hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, octane, cyclopentane, pentene, toluene, and quidylol.2 For example, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, and dichlorobenzene. Ether solvents such as ethyl ether, butyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, and ethylene glycol diethyl ether; for example, acetone, methyl ethyl,
Ketone solvents such as methyl propyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; Ester solvents such as formic acid, nonyl alcohol, propyl acetate, phenyl acetate, and ethylene glycol heptanoethyl ether acetate; Alcohols such as diacetone alcohol, etc. System solvents: For example, amiFs such as cymethylform-11amide and dimethylatamine F; Amines such as triethanolamine and jetanolamine: For example. Polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; ethylene glycol,
Examples include propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, alkylene glycols: polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, petroleum hydrocarbon solvents, and the like. The thickness of the front layer 2 is desirably within the range of 1 μs to 1 mm. 3 is a transparent protective plate, which is made of transparent (colorless to light-colored) glass or plastic that is as pressure resistant as possible. Note that this protective plate may not be used when the display element DE is arranged horizontally. 5 is a substrate-c, and in the case of the transmission type display element DE shown in FIG. In the case of the reflective display element DE used and shown in FIG. 1(B), a member having pressure resistance is used. Although the heat generating element 1 is provided on the substrate 57, the heat generating element 1 and the substrate 5 may be used in common, and in particular, the heat generating element may not require the substrate 5. Basically, these substrate 5, heating element 1, liquid layer 2, transparent protection plate 3
The display element DE according to the present invention is constructed by laminating them in this order. 4 is illumination light that is incident on the display element DE in the form of parallel light, which is natural light or light from a light source (not shown) and is used to illuminate the heat generating element l.
The light is incident on both the non-heating section and the heating section 1a. 13
is a liquid layer heating section, which is a high temperature region formed by heating the - part of the low temperature region of the liquid layer 2 by the heating element 1 to an extent that it does not boil; for example, the heating section 1 of the part where the heating element 1 generates heat.
This shows the part of the liquid layer 2 heated by the heating part 1a, and there may actually be a temperature gradient from the heating part 1a to the surrounding liquid layer, and the physical properties of the liquid in the liquid layer 2 in this part are as follows. The physical properties of the liquid layer 2 before heating by the heating element 1 have changed (However, when the liquid layer 2 is preheated by the heating element 1, in order to form the liquid layer heating part 13 from the state of the heated liquid layer) In addition, since the liquid layer 2 is further heated, the r of the liquid layer 2 is
Furthermore, the physical properties of the formed liquid layer heating section 13 change due to the physical properties of the thermal state. ). This physical property change of the liquid layer 2 refers to a change in optical properties, for example, a change in the refractive index, density, polarizability, etc. of the translucent liquid constituting the liquid layer 2. The point is, it tastes good. For example, regarding the refractive index, suppose that the temperature of the transparent liquid in the liquid layer 2 rises from the temperature t'C to (t+ΔB'c) due to the heat generated by the heating part 1a of the heating element 1. In this case, if the refractive index of the translucent liquid at temperature t'c is N, and the refractive index at temperature (L+Δt)°C is N+ΔN, then the refractive index gradient is ΔN/Δ. -10(1/”C)
It is. The rate of change in the refractive index, that is, the change in the refractive index with respect to temperature is small, but when a minute region of the liquid layer 2 near the heating section 1a is heated, the refractive index gradient in the minute region is human, and therefore, this Liquid layer heating section 13 in a heated minute region
has a power, and light is refracted, scattered, diffracted, etc. in a region where the h+i refraction-V gradient is large. Naomu N/△t ((ti
is not limited to negative values. The heating part 1a of the heat generating element 1 generates heat and the transparent liquid of the liquid layer 2 is heated to such an extent that no swelling occurs and its physical properties change as described above, forming a liquid layer heating part 13. . Since the other parts of the heating element 1 do not generate heat, the physical properties of the liquid layer 2 in the corresponding low temperature region hardly change, and the physical properties are approximately uniform. Even in the low-temperature region, it is actually heated by heat conduction from the heating section, etc., and the optical properties change, but considering the changes in the heating section, this can be relatively ignored. Illumination light 4 that has entered the liquid layer 2 of the display element fDE other than the liquid layer heating section 13 travels straight within the liquid layer 2 and exits from the display element fDE as parallel light. Of course, the path of the illumination light 4 at this time is, in the case of a transmissive display element f-DE, after entering from the back of the display element DE.
Inject in front of. That is, the illumination light 4 is emitted through the substrate 5 -> the heat generating element L -> the liquid layer 2 (low temperature region) -> the transparent protection plate 3. Further, in the case of the display element DE of the claw type, the illumination light 4 enters from the curved surface of the display element DE and exits from the front surface thereof. )ill, the illumination light 4 is reflected from the surface of the transparent protection plate 3 → liquid layer 2 (low temperature region) - heat generating element 1 (if the heat generating element 1 is non-reflective, it is reflected by a reflective film (not shown) that is light reflective). )→Liquid layer 2 (low temperature region)→
Transparency. The light is emitted from the display element DE through the plate 3. on the other hand,
The path of the illumination light 4 that passes through the liquid layer heating section 13 which is a high temperature region of the liquid layer 2 is such that the illumination light 4 does not pass through the liquid layer heating section 13 described above except through the liquid layer heating section 13 within the liquid layer 2. The path of light 4 in the display element DE is exactly the same. However, the illumination light 4 passing through this liquid layer heating section 13 has a refractive index gradient (cladiend index) thermally generated in this section.
The light does not travel straight through the liquid layer 2 due to refraction, 11 & scattering, diffraction, etc., and is refracted and changes its optical path. Therefore, the illumination light 4 that passes through the liquid layer heating section 13 and the illumination light 4 that does not pass through it are as follows:
When the light exits the display element DE, the light does not become parallel, and their exit directions are different from each other. Heating part 1 of heat generating element l
When a is no longer heated, the liquid layer heating section 3 is cooled down and disappears, and all the directions of the illumination light 4 emitted from the display element DE have passed through the part other than the liquid layer heating section 13 - the original rotation direction. becomes. 1ρ, the illumination light 4 passing through the high temperature region of the liquid layer heating section 13 and the liquid layer 2 in the area other than the liquid layer heating section 13
The illumination light 4 passing through the low temperature region is optically distinguished. The display element DE according to the present invention can be used for direct viewing under certain illumination conditions (for example, illumination by parallel light), or can be further used as a display device in combination with an imaging optical system to be described later. And its utility value will expand. In the case of the former direct-view display, display pixels can be identified based on the difference in the amount of light that reaches a viewing eye (not shown) at a position 17 with respect to the direction of the light that has passed through the liquid layer heating section 13. The latter display element D
In the case of a combination of E and an imaging optical system described below, the image formation position by the imaging optical system of the liquid layer heating section 13 of the liquid layer 2 and the heating element l other than the liquid layer heating section 13 of the liquid layer 2 Image formation by the imaging optical system of m, which is not heated (including the case where the liquid layer 2 is preheated by the heat generating element 1), and fjR of the low temperature region of the layer 2 (hereinafter referred to as the tfk layer non-heated part) Since the positions are different, the large and small points can be more clearly identified by defocusing. Therefore, by defocusing, a bright spot can be inverted and displayed as a dark spot. If the imaging optical system described later is not used, parallel light is used as the illumination light 4 to increase the display effect of the display element rDE, and if a light-shielding grating as described later is attached, the display effect can be improved to a great extent. ``towards'' - to do. In addition, in FIG. 1, the heat generating element l is the liquid layer 2.
Although the liquid layer 2 is heated by being in direct contact with the liquid layer 2, it is also possible to arrange a heating element l near the liquid layer 2 and heat the liquid layer 2 by conductive heating.For example, as shown in FIG. In B), if the heating element 1 does not reflect light, a light-reflecting metal film, dielectric mirror, etc. is interposed between the liquid layer 2 and the heating element 1. In order to make it easier to understand, the light flux incident on the display element DE is assumed to be parallel light, but in particular -+1
In terms of wood quality, the light incident on the display element DE is not limited to line light, but due to the heat generated by the heating section 1a of the heat generating element 1, a liquid layer heating section J3 in a high temperature region of the liquid layer 2 is formed in the optical path. This takes advantage of the fact that the optical path changes compared to the optical path before the liquid layer heating section 13 was formed. 212 is a schematic cross-sectional view of display element I for more specifically explaining the image forming principle of display element f- according to the present invention, and FIG. 2(A) is a transmissive display element r-D. E, Figure 2 (B
) shows a reflective display element f-DE. In the figure, 6 is a radiation absorption layer that absorbs radiation 6a and generates heat, 2 is a liquid layer, and 3 is a transparent protective plate. Basically, the display element DE is constructed by laminating these layers. has been done. In the reflective display element DE shown in FIG. 2(B), 9 is a pressure absorbing film that absorbs the increase in pressure when the liquid layer 2 is heated, and 8 is a pressure absorbing film used for display. illumination light 4
10 is a heating layer for preheating the liquid layer 2. These reflection elements 11 and 8, pressure absorption elements 9, and heating element layers 10 are not necessarily required for the display element DE, and are used as necessary. For example, in the case of a display element rDE in which the internal pressure of the liquid layer 2 does not significantly increase when the liquid layer 2 is heated, the pressure absorption film 9 is not used, and when the radiation absorption layer 6 has light reflective properties, the pressure absorption film 9 is not used. 8 is not used, and the boiling point of the liquid in the liquid layer 2 is low, and the response is sufficiently good with only the heat generation of the 94-line width absorbing layer 6 due to the radiation 6a being applied to the radiation absorbing layer 6.
When the Jfk layer 2 is heated to form the liquid layer heating section 13, the heating element layer], 0 is not used. However, since the heat generating layer 10 will be described later, the description will be made assuming that the heat generating layer 10 is not present in FIG. 2(B). Furthermore, the pressure absorbing film 9 and the heat generating layer 10 are also used, if necessary, in the transmission type display element DE shown in FIG. 2(A). Although the width rA4 line absorption layer 6 efficiently absorbs radiation 6a, particularly infrared rays, and generates heat, it is difficult to melt itself due to the heat generated. This radiation absorbing layer 6 is obtained by forming a film (including a multilayer film) of various inorganic or organic materials. Note that this radiation absorbing layer 6 itself has a thickness of about a few, and therefore generally lacks a supporting function, so it is common to add a radiation transparent support plate as a substrate made of glass, plastic, etc. (not shown). It is. The translucent liquid constituting the liquid layer 2 is of the types described above, and refers to a liquid that has a transmissivity t1 for visible light at the bottom, and a translucent liquid that is transparent to visible light rays 6a such as infrared rays. It does not matter whether it is translucent or not. 7 is a grid, when the liquid layer 2 is not heated, the display element D
Enter E and transmit the transmission type table〉1-element rDE,
It is reflected by the reflective display element IDE and the display element DE
The illumination light 4 emitted from the lamp is blocked. When the display element IDE configured in this way is irradiated with radiation (particularly infrared rays) 6a from the right side of the drawing, the pair 1 of the radiation absorbing layer 6
The central point becomes feverish. When a part of the radiation absorbing layer 6 generates heat in this way, the liquid in the liquid layer 2 that is in contact with or in close proximity to it is heated by thermal conduction, and the temperature of the liquid is -):
As a result, its physical properties change from before heating, and a liquid layer heating section 13 in the high temperature region of the liquid layer 2 is formed. This liquid layer heating section 13
When the illumination light 4 passes through the liquid layer heating section 13,
The optical path can be changed by the mechanism described above in the fs1 diagram. At least a part of the illumination light 4 that has undergone this optical path change passes through the aperture of the grating 7 when the ζ element rDE shown in Table 21 is emitted, while all of the illumination light 4 that does not pass through the liquid layer heating section 13 is blocked by the grating 7. Therefore, when looking at the display element -/-DE with this grid 7 η, the illumination light passing through the part of the liquid layer 2 where the liquid layer heating section 13 is formed.

[and passes through the non-heated part of liquid layer 2! Bu Mingguang 4 is identified. Of course, the illumination light 4 passing through the non-heated portion of the liquid layer is
If the opening of 7 is made to pass through 1, when the liquid layer heating part 13 is formed, the illumination light 4 passing through this part will be blocked by the case f7, so the illumination light 4 will not pass through. There is also an opening in the grating 7, which makes it possible to create a display element in the opposite form to that of the previous embodiment. Since the direction of the illumination light 4 passing through the non-heated layer is different from the direction of the illumination light 4 when it exits the display element DE, the direction of the illumination light 4 when viewed from the direction in which either one of the light beams comes is optically different. 4 is identified. Note that when irradiating the display element DE with the radiation 6a,
It is possible to irradiate in a pattern corresponding to a predetermined image, or it is possible to use a laser light source to irradiate a large number of beams at once in a dot shape using the width @ 6 a as a beam. It is also possible to use a method of scanning the radiation absorbing layer 61 with a (1) beam or (1) beam. Further, the direction in which the radiation 6a is irradiated is not limited to the one illustrated example in the case of the transmissive display element f-DE shown in FIG. 2(A). That is, when the radiation 6a passes through the transparent protection plate 3 and the liquid layer 2, it is also possible to irradiate the radiation 6a from the left side of the drawing. Note that the display is naturally erased by the liquid layer force and cooling of the heating section 13. This point is different from the thermo-optical effect of conventionally known liquid crystals. In other words, the heat light of the liquid crystal?
The effect changes from a transparent state to an opaque state, or vice versa, due to a gradual change, but once the changed state is memorized, it does not return to the star shape #1 simply because the temperature returns to its original state (the molecular (because the array is closed). (11) Liquid crystals are also within the technical scope of the present invention as long as they are used within the scope of the principle of the present invention, that is, the optical properties have thermal Itf inversion. This is because the use of such liquid crystals has not been previously known. In addition, below 1. Although the method of forming display pixels by radiation heating has been described above, in the present invention, the width n4-ray absorbing layer 6 in FIG. Place an unspecified exothermic element f- in the vicinity of
It is also possible to modify the liquid so that it is brought into contact with the liquid and heated by conduction. In the present invention, in order to further enhance the discrimination effect of the five display pixels, a visible light reflecting film 8 may be separately interposed between the radiation absorbing layer 6 and the liquid layer 2 as described above. Such reflective film 8 must be formed of a high melting point metal material or metal compound phase material that does not melt itself during heat conduction. In order to obtain an effective display in the present invention, the radiation absorbing layer 6
Although it is necessary to heat the liquid surface of the liquid layer 2 in contact with the liquid layer 2 and the liquid layer 2 in the vicinity thereof, it is not a requirement that the heating extends to the liquid surface of the liquid layer 2 in contact with the transparent protection plate 3 and the vicinity thereof. . However, the liquid layer 2 in contact with the heating surface of the radiation absorbing layer 6
The liquid level and the temperature of the liquid layer 2 in the vicinity are
As a result of experiments, it was found that the higher the temperature V is, the more the display contrast of the display element DE improves. Furthermore, if this is actively utilized, it becomes possible to display intermediate tones by varying the thermal adhesion for heating the liquid layer 2. Incidentally, the smaller the diameter of the irradiation spot for irradiating the radiation absorption layer 6- with the radiation 6a, the better the contrast of the display.The preferred spot diameter (diameter) of the radiation 6a is 1; For 5~100w
The position is appropriate. However, a display image can be obtained even if the radiation absorbing layer 6 is irradiated with the radiation 6a of a rectangular light beam having a width of 211 ml and a length of 10 o+m. The liquid layer heating section 13 often used in the detailed explanation of the present invention includes the latter range.However, even if the liquid layer heating section 13 of the liquid layer 2 is not minute, the temperature of the heating surface is not similar to -. Therefore, if there is a difference between the direction of the optical path of the light in the liquid layer heating section 13 and the direction of the optical path of the light in the liquid layer J1 heating section, a discrimination effect will occur. Therefore, in the present invention, the liquid layer heating section 13 is not limited to the area around the minute J1. In the present invention, the boiling point of the liquid constituting the liquid layer 2 is -1
Since it is not heated to , no bubbles are generated and the sudden J
No increase in force occurs either. 1, Taka-]) The damage of Iζ element ID E due to the above-mentioned pressure does not pose much of a problem. However, even if the liquid layer 2 is heated, the display element f-I
IE pressure 1 → 1 - y1, and it is necessary to keep in mind that bubbles may be generated if some kind of drag accident occurs. Therefore, in preparation for such a case, it is desirable to connect this liquid layer 2 to an air chamber or an accumulator (not shown) to alleviate the increase in pressure in the liquid layer 2.Also,
As another method, as shown in FIG. 2(B), the display element D
A pressure absorbing membrane 9 is placed in E between the liquid layer 2 and the transparent protection plate 3.
By intervening, the pressure generated in the liquid layer 2 may be absorbed. Of course, it is more effective to use the two methods described above. The pressure absorbing membrane 9 is made of a transparent elastic material or a highly viscous material, and may also be made of a so-called sponge that contains air bubbles or has ventilation holes. Furthermore, if air bubbles made of room-temperature gas are generated or mixed in the liquid layer 2, a stage is required to remove such air bubbles, but the air chamber or accumulator (not shown) described above has a function for removing air bubbles. As another means, the air bubbles can be removed under pressure or suction using a pump or a control device (1) (not shown). ), in order to greatly speed up the formation speed of the liquid layer heating section 13 as a display pixel, when the reflection III 8 is not used, the radiation absorbing layer 6 and the liquid layer 2 of the display element DE are If the reflective film 8 is used between the radiation absorbing layer 6 and the reflective film 8, it is preferable to provide a heating element layer io that generates heat by Joule heat between the radiation absorbing layer 6 and the reflective layer 1198 to heat a predetermined liquid layer 2 by R-heating. At this time, if the radiation absorbing layer 6 or the anti-reflective layer 8 is a conductor, it is desirable to provide an insulating layer (not shown) between them and the heating element layer 10. As the heating element layer 10, a radiation heater 1 is used.
, or a plurality of scanning lines, a linear heating element or a square heating element (both not shown) are suitable. heating element layer 10
In the case of a linear heating element, since the heating portion is minute in this width force direction, it is thought that good display results can be obtained. At this time, it is preferable to alternate the irradiation of the radiation 6a to the radiation absorbing layer 6 and the heating of the liquid layer 2 on the heating element layer 10. Examples of the material for such a heating element layer 10 include metal compounds such as Hafnilla J boride and tantalum nitride, and alloys of Nicro J and Kasa. In addition, in the present invention, the liquid layer 2 is directly coated with a K-contactable structure.
The structure of the display element DE in which the elements are in contact with each other is the element J'D
It should be avoided as it will lower E's life. In other words, in a configuration where a corrosive component is in contact with the liquid layer 2, chemical corrosion, thermal oxidation, etc. occur and the display element 1'D
There are many cases where E is damaged or deteriorated. Therefore, in such a case, it is desirable to form a tactile protective film (not shown) at the interface between the liquid layer 2 and the corrosive component, and the material for this protection is as follows: Dielectric materials such as silicon oxide, titanium oxide, etc. Examples include lFI thermoplastics and the like. In the present invention, of course, the protection 11 may also be used depending on the reflective film 8 or its function. Note that when a metal or the like is used as the radiation absorbing layer 6, the radiation absorbing layer 6 is heated because it is generally formed on the radiation transparent support plate 11 as a substrate. When this happens, there is no need to worry about it being oxidized by outside air. If the radiation absorption layer 6 does not have a perfect 1-ray absorption rate, an anti-reflection layer 11 is provided on the side to which the radiation 6a is irradiated.
The absorption rate of the radiation 6a of the radiation absorption layer 6 can also be greatly increased by applying a coating (not shown). Next, as an application example, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 9,
)<The Lube type throwing device will be explained. light,'
Lubes (light valves) control or adjust light, but (5
, and therefore appropriate light from an independent light source>! '1
Displays that are controlled by a liquid medium (in the case of this embodiment, a liquid layer of a display element) and projected onto a screen are included in this category. Compared to self-luminous displays such as cathode ray tubes, this method can theoretically increase the size and brightness SΣ of the display screen by increasing the intensity of the light p:1 used. Suitable for large screen displays that require it. The one shown in Fig. 3 is also known as a Schlieren light valve, which has patterns with different refraction angles, diffraction angles, or reflection angles of light in the liquid layer, which is the controlling tJ1 medium, depending on the human's purpose. This method uses a schlieren optical system to convert the changes into bright and dark images, which are then projected onto a screen. Figure 3 is 1' for explaining the basic principle of the display device.
, t'IV configuration diagram. The image of each slit of the first grating 7a is shielded by the schlieren lens 11 from the light of each bar of the second grating 7b, so that it forms an image of a person. Schlieren lens ll and second grating 7b
If the liquid layer as a medium for the transmission type display element -r-DE placed between is not heated and its physical properties (e.g. refractive index) are uniformly All incident light that has passed through the grating 7a is blocked by the second grating 7b and does not reach the screen 12. However, a part of the liquid layer of one display element fDE is heated by the heating element and becomes high temperature, and the liquid layer heating section 1
3), the optical path of the light passing through it changes as described above, so the incident light 14 that has passed through it changes to the second
The gap (opening 1) of the second grating 7b is not blocked by the grating 7b.
-1) and reach screen 12J2. Therefore, if the imaging lens 11' is arranged so that the heating surface heating the liquid layer heating f% 13 of the display element/DE or the medium surface in the vicinity thereof is imaged on the screen 12, the display element/-DE
A contrast image corresponding to the temperature IIF change ψ of the liquid layer is obtained on the screen 12-1-. Note that the openings of the first and second gratings 7a and 7b used for this (1 does not matter whether they are linear or dotted. FIGS. 4 and 5 show modified embodiments of the display device shown in FIG. 14' is a light source and I
Since the lens 11a is located at the focal point of the lens 11a, all future light beams pass through the lens 11a and become part of the line 11 beam. In this one-line light type, incident light 14 and 1.2 points Q4 are emitted from the back side of the transmissive display element -rDE. 7C is a light-shielding filter, which is placed at the condensing point of the condensing lens 1lb, so if the physical property of the liquid layer (e.g. refractive index) of the display #: /-D E is like -. The light 14 is the display element D
The light passes through E as it is and is focused on the light shielding filter 7C1- via the condenser lens llb. As a result, the screen l 2 , ), which is placed behind the light shielding filter 7C,
The incident light 14 does not reach at all. However, display element DE
The - part of the liquid layer is heated to a high temperature, and the liquid layer heating section 13
When this is formed, the optical path of the light passing through the display element DE changes as described above, so that the incident light 14 passing therethrough reaches the screen 121- without being blocked by the light blocking filter 7C. Therefore, the heating surface that heats the liquid layer heating section 13 of the display element DE, or the medium surface in the vicinity thereof, is heated by the screen 12-1-.
If the condenser lens 1lbe is arranged so as to form an image, a bright and dark image corresponding to the amount of temperature change of the liquid layer of the display element DE can be obtained on the screen 12]. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a modification of the display device of FIG. 4 for obtaining an inverted image. 14' is a light source placed at the focal point of the lens Ila, llb is a condensing lens, and the light source 1 is placed at the focal point of the lens Ila.
This is for condensing the human body light 14Q from 4' onto the focal position. A light-shielding filter 7d is placed at the focal point of the condenser lens 11b, that is, a light-shielding filter 7d that passes only the light beam passing through the focal point. Further, a transmissive display element DE is arranged between the condenser lens llb and the light-shielding filter 7d, and a screen is arranged behind the light-shielding filter 7d. When the liquid layer heating section 13 is not formed in the transmissive display element fDE, all the incident light 14 is condensed to a condensing point by the condensing lens 11b, and passes through this condensing point to the screen 12J.
− is reached. However, when the liquid layer heating section 13 is formed in the display element/-D'H, the light passing through this section changes its optical path and becomes scattered light.
The screen 1 is blocked by the light blocking filter 7d.
]There are points where the light does not reach J, and a bright and dark image is formed. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another modification of the embodiment of the display device shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The light beam from the light source 14' is turned into upward light by the lens 1.1a, and enters the reflection type large and small aperture J4 (DE) as incident light 14 via the half mirror 15'. I) If the physical properties (e.g. refractive index) of the liquid layer of E are similar, one display element DE
The incident light 14 is reflected by the display element DE, and this reflected light is reflected by the person! 44 Same as the light 14, the condensing lens 11 is used as a motive light. The light is focused on a focal point via b. The light-blocking filter 7c (in this case, the light-blocking filter 7d
) is arranged, the light 17 focused on this focusing point is blocked by the light blocking filter 7C and does not reach the screen 12I-. However, when the - section of the liquid layer of the display element DE is heated to form a high temperature region liquid layer heating section 13, the light incident on this section changes its optical path and is reflected. The light reaches the screen 12 via the condenser lens Ilb. If this condensing lens llb is arranged at a position where it images the heating surface heating the liquid layer heating section 13 or the medium surface in the vicinity thereof on the screen 12, the temperature of the liquid layer of the display element DE The bright and dark image corresponding to the amount of change is displayed on the screen 12-
1- is obtained. In addition, in order to obtain an inverted image of the screen 1-, a light-blocking filter 7d, also indicated by a dashed-dotted line, is used instead of the light-blocking filter 7C, which allows light to pass through only the condensing point indicated by a dashed-dotted line. You can arrange it like this. In this case, most of the scattered light from the liquid layer heating section 13 of the display element /-1) E is blocked by the light blocking filter 7d, and the non-scattered light passes through the light blocking filter 7d and reaches the screen l2-h. So,
The above-mentioned inverted image is displayed 7iI. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a transmission type light valve type projection device, and shows an example of the arrangement of a manual r stage for a transmission type display element DE. 7a1J 1st case f, DE
1 is a transmissive display element, 11 is a Juliellens, 7b is an ffi 2 grating, 11' is an imaging lens, and 12 is a screen, and these structures are similar to the structure of the display device shown in FIG. The light transmitted by the LIQI line (1, infrared) 6a modulated through a small laser light source and a light modulator (not shown) is horizontally scanned by a rotating polygon mirror serving as a horizontal scanner 17, and then transmitted through a lens 11e. , vertical scanner 16
RP by rotating polygon mirror or galvano mirror as
It is scanned at a constant rate, reflected by the cold filter 15, and formed into an image on the radiation absorbing layer 6 of the transmission type display element fDE shown in FIG. A two-dimensional image of the liquid layer heating section 13 is formed. -・way,
Since the incident light 14 that has passed through the first case f7a passes through the cold filter 15, the mechanism described above in FIG. It forms a two-dimensional visible image. Of course, the radiation absorbing layer 6 of the display element DE used in this figure must be transparent to the viewer. Note that if a conductive laser array or a light emitting diode array (with lines arranged horizontally) is used, the water Y7 scanner 17 can be omitted. Furthermore, the cold filter 15 and the sword lupanomirror may be used in common. In addition, the transmission 1 (display of Q shown in FIG. 2(A)
When applying to FIGS. 4 and 5, the method of using the radiation 6a is, for example, the laser oscillator, water V scanner=-17, lens 11e, vertical scanner 16, and cold filter explained in FIG. 15 etc. may be used. At this time, the call (filter 15) is connected between the display element rDE and the lens lla in FIG. 4, and between the display element rDE and the condensing lens llb in FIG. Figure 8 shows the display device and the foul valve type throwers from 1 to 1.
1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a monitoring device. In the light from the light source 14',
It is said to be 41 lines of light through 1/ns lla, and in history this 1
The one-line light is bent at right angles by the mirror 18 and enters the condensing 1/lens 11b. The incident light 14 for illumination collected by the condenser lens 1b passes through the central aperture provided at the center of the lens 19 (11 and 1b).
c, the light is converted into ζ11 row light, and is incident on the reflective display element DE (excluding the heat generating layer 10 here) shown in FIG. 2(B). This person q4 light 14 is reflected by the reflective film 8 of the display element DE or is reflected by the display point (liquid layer heating section 13
The anti-1,14 light (the 4th part is the majority of it) is tIj
The light then exits through the center 11 of the mirror 19 via the lens 11c. On the other hand, at the display point of the display element DE,
The A4-reflected light is reflected by the mirror 19, and is focused on the screen 12-L by the imaging lens l1'. A radiation (mainly infrared) signal light 6a modulated through a laser light source and an optical modulator (not shown) is horizontally scanned by a rotating polygon mirror serving as a horizontal scanner 17, and then passed through a lens lie to a carpano mirror serving as a vertical scanner 16. The radiation is vertically scanned by the signal beam, and the radiation absorption layer 6 of the display element DE is scanned two-dimensionally and enters the radiation absorbing layer 6. As a result, the display point is two-dimensionally scanned within the display element /-DE in accordance with the signal light. A large number of display points are formed, and as described above, these display points are formed as bright points on the screen 1214 as a projected image, and a projected image is obtained.Of course, the reflective type shown in FIG. 2(B) Table 71'<element r-
DE can be used in the display device shown in FIG. 6 as shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a light valve type projection device as a display device according to the present invention. 25 is a video generation circuit that generates a video signal; 24 is a control circuit that controls the video signal and supplies this signal to the total video amplification circuit 22 and the horizontal and vertical drive circuits 23; 21 is a laser light source; and 20 is an I. - The light modulated by the optical modulator 2o, which modulates the laser beam from the laser light source according to the signal from the image amplification circuit 22, enters the horizontal scanner 16 or the superposed scanner 17. Further, the horizontal ski scanner 16 and the i'li direct scanner 17 are operated by applying a drive signal which is largely synchronized with the video signal from the horizontal and vertical drive circuit 23. The configuration of the other parts within the broken line is the same as the configuration described above, so a description thereof will be omitted. The video signal output from the video generation circuit 25 is sent to the control circuit 2.
4 and is amplified by the video amplification circuit 22. The optical modulator 20 is driven by the amplified video signal and modulates the L--zaheem emitted from the laser light source 2J. On the other hand, the control circuit 24 outputs an underwater periodic signal and a vertical periodic signal, which drive the horizontal scanner 17 and vertical scanner 16, respectively, via the tree r)i, , -1lj ll'l drive circuit 23. In this way, a thermal two-dimensional image is formed within the liquid layer of the display element f-DE. The subsequent configuration operations within the broken line are as described above and will be omitted here for simplicity. Note that when receiving TV radio waves, a receiver may be used instead of the video amplification circuit 25. As another means for applying a thermal beam to the display element DE, for example, an optical system 26 shown in FIG. 1O is used. In the figure, a laser beam 28 output from a laser oscillator 27 passes through a thin film waveguide deflector 29 and then is reflected by a carpa mirror 30 while scanning the DE surface of the display element at high speed. The laser oscillator 27 is equipped with an image signal circuit (
(not shown), specific image formation becomes possible. FIG. 11 is an example of color size and size according to the present invention for convenience of explanation. Di1': minute is the transmission type display element f
is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view with the lower half as a reflective front blade/element. Reference numeral 6 indicates a radiation absorbing layer, and reference numeral 8 indicates a four-layer film, which is not provided in the transmission type display element DE shown in the upper half of this figure. 31 is a color mosaic filter, and its specific structure and manufacturing technology have already been published in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-1.
．． Since it is explained in a JT manner in 3094-inch gazette and Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-36019, detailed explanation will be omitted here as these are incorporated. 2 is a liquid layer, and 3 is a transparent protection plate, which constitutes the display element DE except for the color mosaic filter 31.The 2n elements are as explained in FIG. 2, and are omitted because they are inside the cylinder. In the example 1/1, the liquid layer 2 in contact with the red filter part (R) of the color mosaic filter 31 absorbs the radiation 6a, and the width q] is thermally conductive heated by the ray absorption layer 6; When the liquid layer heating part 13 is generated, Jx due to reflection 11φ8
The parallel illumination light 4 that has been transmitted through the radiation absorbing layer 6 passes through the liquid layer heating section 13 and is heated to the liquid layer heating section as shown by the broken line using the mechanism described above. The light is emitted outside the large and small elements 1' I) E through a bent optical path as shown by the two-dot chain line, which is different from the optical path of the light that would have passed when 13 was small. When white light enters the red filter section (R), the display element D
The only reflected light that comes out of E is the light that is visible as red (hereinafter referred to as red light). The light passing through the blue filter section (B) and the green filter section (G) also passes through the red filter section (R), and the green filter section (G) does not pass through the liquid layer heating section 13. Only the light rays are shown. In addition, when one person Q4 light 4 is white light, the light passing through the old color filter part (B) is
The only light that is visible is blue (hereinafter referred to as 'A color light), and the light that has passed through the green filter section (G) is only the light that is visible as green (hereinafter referred to as green light). When viewing the display element DE in the direction of the light passing through the liquid layer heating section 13, an observer (not shown) sees pseudo-color by the additive coloring method. For example, the red filter portion (R) of the adjacent color mosaic filters 31,
When the liquid layer 2 is simultaneously heated in the green filter (G) and old color filter section CB) to form the liquid layer heating section 13, an observer (not shown) can see white. Furthermore, as explained in FIG. 2, by arranging a light-shielding grating (not shown) in front of one display element DE, some of the light emitted from the display element DE passes through the liquid layer heating section 13. By passing only the incoming light through an aperture of a light-shielding plate (not shown), a clearer pseudo-color display using the additive coloring method can be obtained. FIG. 12 shows a simultaneous color light valve type projection device, in which red 1. 'T', string ball channel projection device 32,
33 and 34 are arranged in parallel and projected onto the screen 12 at the same time, and the rasters of the three primary colors are neatly combined on the screen 12.1-. As shown in Fig. 13, the white light Ja 14'' is separated into five primary colors by the tichroic mirror 35 and mirror 36 of 2Pj, and each of the colors red, blue, and green is cast. This is used as a light source for illuminating the J device. Therefore, the light utilization rate of the light source is approximately three times that of the case of the 11th equation. FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display element according to the present invention. Therefore, Fig. 14(A) is a transmission type, and Fig. 14(B) is a transmissive type.
1 and 2 respectively indicate reflective display elements. In the figure, 3 indicates a transparent protective plate (this may not be used when the display element DE is used as water/Ii), 2 indicates a liquid layer,
These are elements that have the same turning function as those explained in FIG. 1. 40 is a thermally conductive insulating layer, and a plurality of heat generating resistance wires 41, 42 as heat generating members are provided on both sides of the layer.
They are arranged two-dimensionally in a matrix shape so as to sandwich and intersect the insulating layer. 5 is a heat generating resistor! ! 1
t41.42 and a plate serving as a support plate for the insulating layer 40. In the case of the transmissive display element DE shown in FIG. 14(A), these heating resistors! 141', 42 The substrate 5 and the insulating layer 40 are transparent, and include, for example, heating resistance wires 41, 42.
It is composed of transparent J thin 11 pieces of indium Φ tin and 4 J oxide. And these display 21c child D
In E, only when the predetermined heating resistance wires 41 and 42 are both selected and generate heat, a liquid layer heating portion (not shown) in a high temperature region that can be displayed in the liquid layer 2 in the intersection area of the two is generated. It is set at λ1 so that it is formed. Further, as described above in FIG. 2, the pressure absorption 119° 9 and the reflection 1i 8 are used as necessary. Next, an example of matrix driving of such a display element will be explained in more detail using FIG. 15. In the figure, I)E indicates a display element, which can be considered to have the same detailed configuration as explained in FIG. 14. In this table, rX element DE has X value, X m . It is made up of fi-fi heating resistance wires of Xn, Xo, and One of the clear wires Yc, Yd, Ye (1) is connected to a common DC ttu;t, and the other is connected to the collector side of the transistors Tr, to Tr3 whose emitters are grounded, respectively. Row lines X e , X m , X n , X o ,
When heating III VII flow pulses are sequentially applied to Since it is set to be below the field of heating display, a liquid layer heating portion 13 in a high temperature region for heating display is not generated in the liquid layer. On the other hand, while synchronizing with the application of the heating current signal,
A video signal pulse is applied to the base side of the transistors Trl to Tr3 installed at the emitter and the transistor/-.
By turning on Tr1 to Tr3, these transistors Tr1 to Tr3 are connected. Column line Yc,
Applying a predetermined video signal to Yd and Ye2
By applying this video signal ';C'), the first column conductor Yc,
The liquid layers corresponding to Yd and Ye are linearly heated. As a result, at the intersection of the row line and the column line where the heating wave pulse and the video signal are rotated, heat is generated additively by both, and the degree of heating of the liquid layer reaches the threshold for heating display. Exceed +-b. If the conditions are set so that the liquid layer heating section 13 is formed in the liquid layer corresponding only to the case where the liquid layer is heated additively, the liquid layer is heated at the intersection of the selected row line and column line. A section 13 is formed. In the above example, even if the driving force formula is changed as follows, images can be formed in exactly the same way. That is, even if the modification is made such that video No. 46 is applied to the row lines and a heating current signal is applied to the column lines, the effect is completely the same. In this way, the display element DE illustrated in FIG. 14 also enables matrix driving. If the thickness of the liquid layer in the display element DE is very F-, V! As described above, the following effects are produced by placing the heating resistance wires arranged in stripes at +l'V on both the transparent protection plate side and the substrate side. Medium 'Wj f+14', "The liquid layer is heated from the inside, which improves the yield. 2. The liquid layer is heated from the inside, so the thermal efficiency is improved.
. It is a hat. In order to enhance the heat dissipation effect of the source, il+, l, and dielectric wires, it is desirable to provide a separate heat sink.It is possible to use the board 5 (Fig. 14) for this heat sink. It is.l
The line 7 and the column line mentioned above are separated by an insulating layer 40, and since the insulating layer 40 is several microns thick, both values can be read at the same time due to the time lapse of heat transfer. If the heat is applied, the conductive heat will not reach the 1M layer 2 at the same time, so the formation of the 14-layer heating section may be discouraged. Therefore, in order to further enhance the additive heating effect, it may be preferable to delay the applied pulse to the signal line near the liquid layer 2 with respect to the signal pulse applied to the other signal lines. Note that there is no possibility that both signal lines are entirely formed by heating resistors. Rather, it would be better to construct only the intersection of row lines and column lines with a heat-generating resistor, and the rest with a good conductor such as An, because we are trying to save energy. There is a drawback that the single seedling process becomes complicated.Also, regarding other examples of heating elements as heating elements constituting display elements suitable for matrix driving as shown in FIG. This will be explained with reference to the drawings. Fig. 16 is an external perspective view schematically depicting a partial region of the heating element. In the figure, 45 indicates a heating resistor layer, which is a part of a known heating resistor (e.g. , nichrome alloy, hafnium boride, tantalum nitride, etc.) is formed into a planar film.Although not shown, this resistance layer 45 naturally extends downward in the drawing.Also, 46a , 46b, 46c
. 46d are column conducting wires, 47a and 47b. 47c are all row conductors. All of these conductive wires are made of good conductors such as gold, silver, copper, and aluminum. common). In the illustrated heating element f-, for example, 4 in the column η line
When either 6b or 47c of the row conductor is selected and a voltage is applied to them, current is applied to the part of the resistance layer 45 that corresponds to the intersection 48 of the two, and heat is generated. . In this way, any (row/column) intersection of the first row conductor and the column conductor can be heated. Therefore, the heating element shown in FIG.
2 and an insulating layer 40 as a heating element f-
In the display element incorporated instead, a dot matrix image can be displayed on 11 screens using a matrix driving force type similar to the example shown in FIG. Incidentally, in the heating element shown in FIG. 16, the heating resistance layer 45 may be divided and provided only at the intersection of the column conducting wire 46 and the row conducting wire 47 (the conducting wires may be insulated from each other in other areas). This is possible, and in such a configuration (FIG. 17), it is possible to substantially prevent the occurrence of losstalk, which is inconvenient for image formation faithful to the signal. In the example of the 171st threshold, the row conductors 47a, 47b,
- (hereinafter referred to as row conductor 47) and column conductor 46a, 4Gb
... (hereinafter referred to as the column conductor 46) is 5i07°5i3N
The insulating film in the intersection area of the row conducting wire 47 and the tally conducting wire 46 is removed, and heating resistors 45a, 45b, . . . are placed in that area instead.
- (hereinafter referred to as heating resistor 45) is embedded. Next, in FIG. 18, the heating element as the heating element shown in FIG. 17 is replaced with the heating resistor 41 shown in FIG.
An example in which a display element incorporated in place of the heating element consisting of the heating element 42 and the insulating layer 40 is driven by matrix will be further explained. The material shaft translation selection circuit 103 is electrically coupled to the material shaft drive circuits +01a, 101b, . The output terminals are coupled to respective row conductors 47. Output terminal and row conductor 4
7, there are various types of connections, but in order to explain the basic fj2'-like in the tree specifications, the output end f-
It is assumed that there are as many row conductors as there are row conductors 47, and one output terminal is connected to the - row conductor. Crill1llJ'i'! Selection circuit 1042 column llSb drive circuit 102a. 102b, ... (the above, column i11 + rigid circuit 102
The same holds true for the relationship between the phase 1 conductor 46 phase J (the image control circuit 105 is electrically connected to the material axis selection circuit 103 and the 4/1 Δ selection circuit 104 by the signal line -C). By outputting the image control circuit 105, the material axis selection circuit 103 selects the Q'
The same goes for the outer axis selection circuit 104, instructing whether to select 4B. That is, 11! q image system iJ1 circuit 1
The material axis selection circuit] 03 selects (swift-on) a specific material axis (row conductor) via one of the material shaft drive circuits 101 according to the image control signal from 05. For example, when the material shaft selection circuit 103 selects the row conductor xp, it issues an xp row selection signal, and in response to this, the material shaft drive circuit 102Xp manually outputs the row+ll drive signal 1'f to the 1st row conductor Xp. .
On the other hand, when the hitio signal, which is one of the image control signals from the image control circuit 105, is input manually to the outer axis selection circuit 104, the command is received and the outer axis selection circuit 104 selects a predetermined outer axis (column conductor). ). For example, if the moving axis selection circuit 104 selects the column conductor Ye, the moving axis drive circuit 107Ye receives the t:Ye column selection signal issued from the outer axis selection circuit 104 and puts the column conductor Ye into the swift on (conducting) state. Make it. If the selection of the material shaft and the selection of the outer shaft are done synchronously, then in this example, the process 1. Crossing point of Xp and Yu 1 conductor Ye (selected point;
A current flows through the heating resistor located at xp-Ye), generating Joule heat, and forming a liquid layer heating portion in the liquid layer (not shown). Although the leakage current flows also at the non-selected point, the liquid layer heating part forming current is less than 1 (I1), so the liquid layer heating part is not formed in the liquid layer.Also, the heating resistor 45 should have the function of TIO. Thus, the leakage current can be made even weaker. In the same way as explained in FIG. 15, in FIG. A two-dimensional image display can be performed by outputting a moving axis selection signal through the outer axis adjustment circuit 102 and making the selected column conductor 46 into a conductive island. Reference numeral 104 outputs an outer axis selection signal in response to a command based on the video signal.At this time, the direction of the current flowing through the heating resistor does not matter. Circuits 103, 104 and rows, and dynamic axis drive circuit 10
1, , l O2 is constructed using a known technique using shift transistors, transistor arrays, and the like. In addition, even in the display method based on the matrix drive using the heating element described in 1-1 above, the transmissive display shown in FIG. 14(A) as described above in FIG. Basic r
DE also absorbs 1 ton of pressure! i! 9 can also be used, and the liquid layer 2 and the reflective film 8 or the liquid layer 2 and the heat generating element (for example, in By interposing a corrosion-resistant silicon oxide film or silicon nitride film between the heat-generating resistance wire 41), reaction corrosion between the liquid layer 2 and these can be appropriately prevented. In addition, the red filter part (R), green filter part (G), and blue filter part CB) of the color mosaic filter shown in FIG. In the display element DE shown in
The intersection of the heating resistance wires 41 and 42, or in the heating element shown in FIG. 17, the heating resistor 45)]-
iJ′SJ
It goes without saying that color display can be performed using the same principle as in FIG. 11 with a display element using the heating elements shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 17, respectively. However, in a light/pulling type projection device as a display device using a display element using such a heating element, a portion related to radiation input means as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is required. That is, a laser light source, a light modulator, a rotating polygon mirror, a galvanometer mirror, a lens, etc. (not shown) are of course unnecessary. Of course, it goes without saying that such a matrix-driven display element can also be applied to the light valve type projection apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 to 6. FIG. 19 is a schematic partial view of another modified example of a heating element as a heating element. The arrangement of the heat generating parts of the heat generating element 51 in FIG.
They are arranged in a dot/line pattern. 49 is
In the heating resistor, a line a-a' is connected to the insulating layer 51b and q.
arranged in the direction. Electrodes 50a and 50b are provided on both sides of this heat generation J+ (antibody 49, respectively.The electrode 50a side is commonly connected and grounded.
The upper pole 50b side is connected to the current r of the switching circuit 51a.
Each is connected to the switch. One end of each of the four double-layer switches is commonly connected to a DC power source (not shown). It is assumed that each switch of this switching circuit 51a is opened and closed according to an image signal. FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a display device that projects a color image onto a screen using the heating element shown in FIG. 19. Reference numerals 57r, 57g, and 57b are a red light source, a green light source, and a paleochrome light source that output red light, green light, and blue light, respectively, and emit light to alternating cars in chronological order in this order. 56a and 56b are half mirrors with a large green light source of 57g
, the light from the blue light source 57b is reflected to produce red light M57.
This is for directing the light in the same direction as the r light. 55
is a line image optical system composed of a cylindrical force lens 54''; - Red light source 57r, green light T in a line shape
A57g, 'ts is for forming an image of the light from either of the color light sources 57b. If a liquid layer heating section is not formed in the liquid layer of the display element DE, the line-shaped light image formed on the display element DE will be reflected by the display element DE and all will form a line image. The light is focused by the optical system 55 onto the light shielding filter 7C7 via the display element DE. 52
is a lens, 53 is a Calhano mirror as an example of an optical deflector, and 58 is a lens.
The emitted light is scattered from the 1° C. layer heating section of E and forms an image on the screen 127. In addition, galvano mirror 53 is shown in Table) I.
\element 1'-D In the line image reflected from E, I 14°
7. This is for displaying the image in the direction of the arrow on the screen 12. /N Karhanomira-53 is located at a certain position. The red light from the red light source 57r is imaged into a line on the display element DE by the line image forming optical system 55. At the same time, R of the heating element r51 of the display element DE = thermal resistor 49
generates heat by being energized via the spin pump circuit 51a in accordance with the Hideo disease number, and a liquid layer heating portion (kingdom j1) is formed in the liquid layer of the display element DE. The red light scattered by this liquid layer heating section passes through the lens 52, the carpano mirror 53, and the lens 58 to the screen l2,...
First, a b'+ image is obtained as a single point image. Regarding the next green light source and old color light source, the same operation as for the red light source is performed, and the video is shown in 1.1.1. A line image consisting of a point image is projected onto the gyrus 1- of the screen 121-. In this way, if a line image is formed by scanning the galvano mirror 53 one after another on the screen 712, a color projected image corresponding to the video image 5) will be formed on the screen 121-. In addition, in the embodiments from FIG. 14 to FIG. 20, if a liquid with good conductivity such as alcohol is used as the liquid in the liquid layer, as explained in FIG. 1st
It goes without saying that when the heating elements shown in Figures 7 and 19 are used as a display element and reflection is not used, a thin film of an insulating layer such as 5i07 is interposed between the liquid layer and the heating element r. Nor. Furthermore, when a conductive reflective film is used as the reflective film, it goes without saying that a thin insulating layer such as 5i07 is interposed between the anti-fouling film and the heating element. FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a liquid circulation system I of a display device for cooling a liquid layer of a display element. Display element ID
When E is driven continuously for a long period of time, the temperature of the liquid layer 2 inside the element DE gradually rises due to heat accumulation, and the liquid layer 2 suddenly becomes a thin layer of liquid. A: There may be bubbles or foaming. If the amount of heat storage increases in this way, it will cause lines and is undesirable. So, in this figure, in the example f, lf'9. Liquid in layer 2, large and small elements, vaporization chamber 63,! I made it so that the space between 1 and 34 was connected to iA1. In addition, the function of absorbing or alleviating the pressure generated by air (1-fu'6ko3's sinking 11 is due to the rising of excess heat as heat of vaporization and the unexpected generation of lotus bubbles). In addition, a pressure reducing means 62 or 0 is applied to the vaporizing chamber 63 in order to cause this to follow the reduced pressure of eJJ. The effect of the 11th stage of pressure reduction is that the heat dissipation rate increases by 1 or more, so the heat dissipation method increases by 1 or 1.The vaporized lotus is then released into the liquefaction chamber 64 into the system'/). It is liquefied, passes through the circulation path 65, and becomes 1lj
It is injected into the liquid layer 2 within the U-table element fDE. Therefore, while maintaining the reduced pressure by K & 62, the liquid layer 2 passes through the circulation path 65 to the vaporization chamber 63, and from this vaporization chamber 63 to the liquefaction chamber 64, and then the liquefaction 3:
The liquid circulation system is effective in removing heat/ice as an image defect, and secondly, removing pressure-induced defects. It is something to do. Furthermore, by providing 4=1 cooling means 6 consisting of a heat dissipation stage or a Kurtier effect element in the display element/-DE,
Because it can promote the effect of the proverb. It is also possible to project an enlarged image onto the aforementioned screen. By the way, the liquid circulation system described in this figure does not require the intervention of a forced liquid circulation system such as a pump. In other words, a liquid circulation system can be constructed by natural convection of liquid. In addition, when flowing the liquid of the liquid circulation system into the liquid layer 2 during the period of forming the liquid layer heating section, it is of course necessary to set the flow rate to a level that does not disturb the liquid layer heating section. Further, the pressure reducing means 62 can be constructed using a vacuum pump or an electromagnetic device, and a fan may be provided on the outer wall of the liquefaction chamber 64 for the purpose of promoting heat radiation. 01)
If we take the interval and Ill'fuko-, )'/:'-ri11 digits is 10j', SQC, ·1'1' degree. Jψshi-
, if we call the time during which this liquid layer heating section disappears, h, 21'' extinguishing time, 1'' I tori time it.
The fastest one is 30 pLsec. Like this)n1. The rising time depends on the prefecture in the liquid layer 2, the pulse application time, the applied voltage, the heat radiation strip '1, etc., and the specific heat of the liquid IL f/, q ,↑
・Cannot be generalized. Only 1. Therefore, from the viewpoint of afterimage effects, etc., high speed is not required for the distance between )/l and 11. The desired )'I tri-time can be set by adjusting the composition of the liquid. As the liquid forming the liquid layer 2, a liquid having a small specific heat is advantageous because it is easy to form a liquid layer heating part with low gravity consumption. For example, methyl alcohol (boiling point 65℃, ratio Q0
．． 599 cal/g-deg at 20'C)
, Ethyl alcohol (F'l 78℃, 0.58
cal/g11degat25°C), n-propyl alcohol (97°C1 degat0.586i cal/g)
gφdeg at 25°C), - Isopropyl alcohol (at 82°C, 0.589 cal/g-deg
at 20°C), n-butyl alcohol (at 20°C),
C1 time 0.5Hcal/go deg at 25℃
), hexa-(126°C, 0,505 cal/
g-deg at 25°C), benzene (at 80°
C1 0.25 cal/g degree at 25℃),
Toluene (110'c, 0269 cal/g-d
eg dt 25°C), xylene (144 times, 0, 387 cal/g-degat 30°C)
, carbon tetrachloride (77°C twice 0.207 cal/
g-degat 20°C), ethylene glycol (
Same 198℃, +1710.56i19cal/g11d
eg), chrycerin (290°C1 same 0.
569 cal/g-deg), etc. If the liquid layer 2 is composed of a liquid (Chinese-German, irrespective of phase), it is composed of water (boiling point 100'C, specific heat 1 cal/g*deg), etc. Much better display contrast can be obtained than in the case of liquid layer 2. Therefore, the preferred specific heat conditions are 0.7 cal/g at a temperature of 20-25°C.
・It is more than deg. For the same liquid, the higher the temperature of the liquid layer heating part is compared to the surrounding area, the poorer the display contrast will be. Alua 1 tatami, 4 ll+), ν(;' to low end + 4A melting, C run, semen product number 1, 1) and t bubbles 1-4 degrees, so warm IW. To make it high (Ae does not smell. Kaoru? &
/l"<Contrast cannot be set to 1 (-γ) Jl
It becomes the l axis. That number is 1, -T-1-
Renderer] −, 1, SO IJ SE 1) N, etc., Izu” Δ
11. 11. In the liquid of rose, even if the degree of deviation is increased by one degree, there will be vapor bubbles. Since there is no, 1 crystal 1 of the liquid heated 17
%/I, J can be made thicker by 2, and the magnitude contrast i can be expressed as '+7i <'1-. In the experiment, the boiling point of the car was 80°C.
(A strong display contrast was obtained.Example Blue-14',
(Sozropilua, Ruko-11 is one of the suitable examples, uninvented is also shown in this dragon) 1 Risu - Kuchikogawa 1,1 It is also possible to display various colors by dissolving dyes in similar liquids, and displaying colored liquid layers as colors.
This 1■ Do some talent'l t L, t;t C, I ,
Kui L/ ') ) L/ -/ l' 3, ll-
1116, 20th, 441st 54.1t7155, 75th 77th, 81st, 8311th 1o 1, I
n11 10, same 152, C, I
, A ・ノ , 1・ し , ト l , times 3, times 5, times 8, li,] 12, times 17, Jul 1
9, l”122, times 31, times 32, same 37, lnl
41, 1i-1147, 56, 60, 71,
Same 112, 1'11115, times 154, times 155.1
i+l 160, I+'1171, times 187, C,
I A]・-1 Run i...11 years old, G5, times 71
] 1, C, 1, 9
To 6, times 7, (river 16 etc. force X
be . , A 10- Coloring liquid is 1-1C1, Tie Left Yellow 18,
No. 22, prl 27c, ■, Ashi-t Yellow-1, Same 1
3, li<l l B, times 106, times 186, etc.・As dyes used for coloring liquids, C,1,;
, times 233. Examples include C, i, A') 7 Do Blue 15, and the like. However, even if the liquid layer consists of
Even if the liquid layer is colored by appropriately selecting the above-mentioned dye, the principle of image formation of the surface/i-element r as described above in FIG. 1 does not change. When the color develops, the color image inside can be displayed. When the O1-1 liquid layer heating part is formed in the liquid layer (display, ↓,
rl, 7 If you look closely with your observation eye, it will pass through both parts 1
．． The coming light enters the observing eye, so it can be seen at 1 o'clock. )
Since the non-heated part of the liquid layer is more strongly colored than the heated part of the liquid layer, the image size can be adjusted depending on the degree of coloration. Therefore, the display element r using such a dye Fl as a liquid layer may project the image of the display element t onto the screen using a light valve type projection device as described above, but the image forming optical system The image can be displayed even if the image is directly projected onto the screen 1- using the . As described in 1-2 below, the main effect of the present invention is that one of the (+)Ja small liquid layer heating parts can be arranged at the same time as a display pixel unit. Because of this, it is possible to display images with high fIW resolution. (2) By setting the duration time in the liquid layer of the liquid layer heating unit as 9 display pixels to: A, it is possible to easily display still images or moving images including slow motion. (3) By employing a liquid circulation system in one display element, a noise-free and high-quality screen can be presented. (4) Multi-color display and full-color display can be easily implemented. (5) Since the structure of the device is relatively simple, its productivity is excellent, and the device has high durability and reliability. (6) Can be adapted to a wide range of drive systems. (7), 7. % bubbles are not formed and displayed by heating the liquid layer to a temperature below the boiling point, so
The power used for the display can be reduced, and the power supply section, that is, the display element and the display device can be made smaller. i:8) In element f-, which performs light modulation and display using vapor bubbles, there is a risk that display element r may be damaged due to cavitation when vapor bubbles disappear, but in the present invention, a liquid layer is boiled in the middle of IF.
I! , L, the durability of Mo f is very high. (9), 7. If the bubbles are large or small, the liquid in the liquid layer is removed, leading to an increase in pressure, and for this purpose it is necessary to provide a special outlet for the liquid, but in the case of the present invention, the increase in pressure is caused by the increase in pressure in the liquid layer. Since it is only the thermal expansion of the liquid, it will almost always lead to an increase in pressure, so there is no need for square countermeasures, or even if countermeasures are provided, they are limited to a pressure absorbing membrane, and the table, I\ element ( -1'4 The body can be made smaller, and it is durable even after repeated use with less influence of pressure. (10) The contrast of the display depends on the degree of heating of the liquid in the liquid layer, so the display also For example, it is easy to produce intermediate tones in an analog manner.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1(A) is a schematic image cross-sectional view for explaining the fl image principle of a transmissive display element according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a specific display element f- according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3 to 8 are schematic cross-sectional views for explaining the image principle. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a display device as an application example of the present invention, FIG. 10 is an external perspective view of an example of a human-powered system for generating image signals using radiation, and FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a display device as an application example of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining an example of the configuration of a color display; FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a color display device as an example of the application of the present invention; FIG. FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view for explaining a configuration example of a matrix-driven large and small element according to the present invention, FIG. 15 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an example of an image forming method according to the present invention, and FIGS. FIG. 17 is a partial perspective view of the external appearance for explaining each configuration example of a heat generating element, FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a matrix and matrix drive display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 19 is a diagram of a don't-line heat generating element, etc. FIG. 20 is a schematic partial diagram of a display device as an application example of the present invention, and FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a liquid circulation system used in the display element of the present invention. 1 Heat generating element 2: Liquid layer 3 Transparent protection plate 4: Illumination light 5 Substrate 6. Radiation absorption layer 68 Radiation 7: Lattice? a: 'JSl case r7b
'2nd case - r7c, 7d: Light shielding filter 8: Reflective film 9: Pressure absorbing film 1O2 heating element layer 11: Unyurilen lens u': Condensing lens 11a: Lens
llb: Condensing lens 12.7 clean
13: Liquid layer heating section 14, necessary light 1
4': Light source 15, cold filter 16, vertical scanner 17: water, 1j scanner 18 = mirror 1
9: Mirror 20. Optical modulator 21: Laser light source 22: Video amplification circuit 23: Vertical drive circuit, horizontal drive circuit 24: Video control circuit 25: Video generation circuit 26:
Optical system 27: Laser oscillator 28: Laser beam 28: Thin film waveguide deflector 30: Sword lupanomirror 31: Color mosaic filter 32: Red channel projection device 33: Green channel projection device 34: Blue channel projection device 40: Insulating layer 41 .42: Heat generating resistance wire 4
5: Heat generating resistance layers 46a, 46b, 46c,... double-row conductor wire 4? a, 4
7b, 47c,...: Row conductor 48: Intersection
49: Heating element 50a, 50b,: Electrode 51
:Linear heating element 53: Cal/heno mirror 54 Nijilintrical lens 55: Linear image forming optical system 57r, red light source 57g=
Green light source 57b = Blue light source 61: Cooling means
62: Decompression means 63: Vaporization chamber
64: Liquefaction chamber 65: Circulation path 101: Nail shaft drive circuit 102: Row shaft drive circuit 103: Nail shaft selection circuit 104, row +b i%' selection circuit 105:
Image 111j Control circuit DE display r (A) (B) Figure 1 @ Figure 2 Figure 4 Flash Figure 5 10 Figure 32 Figure 13 Continued from page 1 0 Inventor Masayuki Usui Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo 3-30-2 Canon Co., Ltd. Inventor Atsushi Someya 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Evening in visible light, 11. A liquid layer consisting of a static body with a translucent property is placed in close proximity to the liquid layer and changes the physical properties of the liquid layer to the extent that no scratches occur in the liquid layer. A display element r characterized by comprising a heat generating element for heating and an offshore layer.