JPS5972418A - Display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an element which is capable of forming a picture of good quality with a high driving property by using a radiant ray absorbing layer as a heating element, in a display element which utilizes an optical physical property variation of a liquid layer generated by heating inagewise a light transmittable liquid layer. CONSTITUTION:A heating element 1, a liquid layer 2 and a transparent protective plate 3 are laminated on a substrate 5, and a picture is displayed by using an optical physical property variation generated in a liquid layer heating part 13 by being heated by a heating part 1a of the heating element 1, and modulating incident light 4. In said display element, a radiant ray absorbing layer 6 obtained by forming a film of various inorganic or organic materials is used as the heating element 1, and it is heated selectively by radiant rays 6a irradiated imagewise (a symbol 7 denotes a lattice which shields incident light 4 at the usual time, and transmits it when the heating part 13 is generated in the liquid layer).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a novel image display method 1, a display element t, and a display device.

Currently, various kinds! BACKGROUND ART Cathode ray tubes (so-called CRTs) are widely used as terminal displays in bus equipment and STX+L+ river equipment, or as displays in televisions and video camera monitors. However, regarding this CRT,
There are still complaints that the image quality, resolution, and display capacity do not reach the level of photocopying using silver halide or electrophotography. In addition, as an alternative to CRT, attempts have been made to commercialize so-called liquid crystal panels that display dot matrix images using liquid crystals. I haven't been able to get anything that I'm satisfied with yet.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems that could not be solved by the conventional techniques in this technical field.

In other words, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for displaying high-resolution, high-quality images, and a novel display element that is excellent in drive performance, productivity, machinability, and reliability and has an additional high-density pixel, and a method using the same. The purpose is to provide a display device.

Embodiments of the display of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the image forming principle of the display element r according to the present invention, and FIG. 1(A) shows the transmissive display element DE, and FIG. The type of display element DE is shown, respectively. Reference numeral 1 denotes a heating element, which changes the physical properties of the liquid layer 2 made of a static body that is transparent to visible light and heats the liquid layer 2 to such an extent that no boiling or bending occurs in the liquid layer 2. . As will be described later, this heat generating element l has a dot tomato link shape (dot row shape), a dot line shape (
Various shapes such as dotted line shape, line shape, island shape, etc. generate heat and heat the liquid layer 2 by heat conduction.

Examples of the heat generating element 1 include those that utilize radiation heating, which will be described later, and those that utilize Joule heat such as resistance heating. When the display element DE is a transmissive type,
By nature, the heat generating element 1 is transparent to visible light. Reference numeral 2 denotes a liquid layer made of a liquid that is transparent to visible light, and the basic acid component of this transparent liquid is water or various organic solvents used alone or in combination. Examples of various organic solvents used for this include methyl alcohol, inpropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol,
SeC-butyl alcohol, tert. −j Sennoshi alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, pentyl alcohol,
Hexyl alcohol, heptyl alcohol, octyl alcohol Alkyl alcohols such as nonyl alcohol and decyl alcohol; For example, hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, octane, cyclopentane, benzene, toluene, and quidylol; For example, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, tetra Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroethane and dichlorobenzene; for example,
Ether solvents such as ethyl ether, butyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, and ethylene glycol diethyl ether; Ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, and cyclohexanone;
Methyl acetate, propyl acetate, phenyl acetate, ethylene glycol diethyl ether acetate
Ester solvents such as l-, for example, narcol solvents such as diacetone alcohol; Amino Fs such as dimethylpolamide and dimethylacetamide; amines such as triethanolamine and jetanolamine; e.g. , polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, alkylene glycols: e.g.
Examples include polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, 111 hydrocarbon solvents, and the like. The thickness of liquid layer 2 is ■-~1)
It is desirable to be within the range of .

3 is a transparent protective plate: (↓The protective plate is made of transparent (colorless or light-colored) glass or plastic that is as resistant to pressure as possible. Note that this protective plate is not used when the display element DE is arranged horizontally. There is also a 51 Manojin board, Figure 1 (A
) In the case of the transmission type front blade and element DH shown in Figure 1 (B )
In the case of the reflective display element DE shown in FIG. 1), a member having pressure resistance is used. Although the first heat generating element 1 is removed from the substrate 51, there are cases where the heat generating element 1 and the substrate 5 are used in common, and there are cases where either the heat generating element or the substrate 5 is not particularly required. Basically, the substrate 5, the heat generating element 1, the liquid layer 2, and the transparent protection plate 3 are laminated in one layer to constitute the display element DE according to the present invention. 4 is the illumination light (1) which enters the display element DE in the form of parallel light, which is natural light or light from a light source not shown, which is incident on the non-heating part of the heat generating element l and the image part of the heating part 1a. j3 is a liquid layer heating section, which is a high temperature region formed by heating a part of the low temperature region of the liquid layer 2 by the heating element 1 to an extent that it does not boil; for example, the heating section 1a where the heating element 1 generates heat. The figure shows the part of the liquid layer 2 that has been heated by Element I
(However, when the liquid layer 2 is preheated by the heating element 1, in order to form the liquid layer heating part 13 from the state of the preheated liquid layer,
Since the liquid layer 2 is heated, from the physical properties of the preheated state of the liquid layer 2,
Furthermore, the physical properties of the formed liquid layer heating section 13 have changed.

) This change in the physical properties of the liquid layer 2 refers to a change in the optical properties, in particular,
Specifically, it means changes in the refractive index, density, polarizability, etc. of the translucent liquid constituting the liquid layer 2. For example, in this case, A:: fold (11 for 4. In this case, the light transmission P at the temperature t'a is
If the refractive index of i liquid is N, and this refractive index at temperature (t+△t)0c is N+ΔN, then the refractive index gradient is ΔN/△t4-to (1/°C
). Rate of change of refractive index, refraction versus temperature -4
<Although the change is slight, when a minute region of the liquid layer 2 near the heating section 1a is heated, the refractive index gradient in the minute region is large, and therefore the liquid layer heating section 13 of this heated minute region has power, and light is refracted, scattered, diffracted, etc. in the fiery region of the refractive index gradient. Note that ΔN/Δt i+/j is not limited to negative fal't.

The heating part 1a of the heat generating element 1 generates heat to such an extent that the translucent liquid of the liquid layer 2 does not boil and its physical properties change as described above, forming the liquid layer heating part 136. Since the other parts of the exothermic element 1 do not generate heat (7), the corresponding physical properties of the liquid layer 2 in the low temperature region change drastically, and the physical properties are approximately uniform.In reality, even in the low temperature region Although the optical properties will change due to heating due to heat conduction from the heating part, etc., the phase, The illumination light 4 that has entered a part other than the liquid layer heating section 13 of the liquid layer 2 of D E travels straight within the layer 2 and exits from the display element fDE as parallel light.Of course, the path of the illumination light 4 at this time is that of transmission. Type display element D
In the case of E, the light enters from the back of the person J'DE in Table 1 and then exits to the front of the display element DE.

1! The μ illumination light 4 is emitted through the substrate 5 → heat generating element 1 → liquid layer 2 (low temperature region) → transparent protection plate 3. Also.

In the case of the display element J'-DE of the anti-conversion type, the path of the illumination light 4 enters from the front surface of the display element DE and exits from the front surface thereof. That is, the illumination light 4 is transmitted from the transparent protection plate 3 to the liquid layer 2 (low temperature region).
-Reflection on the surface of the heat generating element 1 (reflection on the light reflecting film (not shown) if the heat generating element 1 is non-fouling) -Liquid layer 2 (low temperature region)→Turn the transparent protective plate 3 on and display element f- D Eject from E. On the other hand, the path of the illumination light 4 passing through the liquid layer heating section 13 which is a high temperature region of the liquid layer 2 passes through the liquid layer heating section 13 described above except for passing through the liquid layer heating section 13 within the liquid layer 2. The path of the illumination light 4 in the display element r-DE is exactly the same as that in the display element r-DE. However, the illumination light 4 passing through this liquid layer heating section 13 is
Due to the thermally generated refractive index gradient (gradient index) in this part, the light does not travel straight through the liquid layer 2 but is refracted and changes its optical path through refraction, scattering, diffraction, etc. Therefore, the illumination light 4 that passes through the liquid layer heating section 13 and the illumination light 4 that does not pass through it do not become parallel light when they exit the display element DE, and their exit directions are different from each other. When the heating section 1a of the heat generating element 1 stops heating, the liquid layer heating section 13 is no longer cooled, and all directions of the illumination light 4 emitted from the display element DE have passed through the portions other than the liquid layer heating section 13. t is the turning direction. Therefore, the illumination light 4 that passes through the high temperature region of the liquid layer heating section 13 and the illumination light 4 that passes through the low temperature region of the liquid layer 2 that is not the liquid layer heating section 13 are optically distinguished. Although the display element DE according to the present invention can be directly viewed under certain illumination conditions (for example, illumination by parallel light), it can be further used as a display device by matching M1 with the imaging optical system described below. Value I1@ is something that expands. In the case of the former direct-view display, the difference in the amount of light that reaches an observing eye (not shown) positioned with respect to the direction of the light that has passed through the liquid layer heating section 13 can be used to identify different display pixels. In the case of the latter combination of display element DE and an imaging optical system described below, the imaging position of the liquid layer heating section 13 of the liquid layer 2 by the imaging optical system and the heating element other than the liquid layer heating section 13 of the liquid layer 2 The part of the liquid layer 2 in the low temperature region (hereinafter referred to as
77
7 is different, the display points can be identified more clearly by defocusing. Therefore, by defocusing, a bright spot can be inverted and displayed as a dark spot. When the imaging optical system described later is not used, the display element r
-D To increase the table effect of E, parallel light is used as illumination light 4, and if a light-shielding grating as described later is installed, the display effect l
J Improve dramatically. Note that in the first cause, one heating element 1 is in direct contact with the liquid layer 2 and heating the liquid layer 2, but the heating element 1 is placed near the liquid layer 2 and heats the liquid layer 2 by heat conduction heating. You may. For example, in FIG. 1(B), when the heat generating element 1 does not reflect light, a light-reflecting metal 11! is placed between the liquid layer 2 and the heat generating element J! , a dielectric mirror, etc. are interposed.

Note that in this example, in order to make the explanation easier to understand, the light flux entering the display element DE is parallel light, but it is not limited to parallel light; in terms of wood, the light incident on the display element DE generates heat. The liquid layer heating section 13 in the high temperature region of the liquid layer 2 is formed in the optical path due to the heat generated by the heating section 1a of the element 1, so that the optical path changes compared to the optical path before the liquid layer heating section 13 was not formed. It takes advantage of this fact.

Figure 2 shows the image forming principle of the display element according to the present invention. As a schematic cross-sectional view of the display element f for concrete explanation, the second
Figure (A) shows a transmissive display element -/-D E, and Figure 2 (B
) indicates a reflective display element/-DE.

In the figure, 6 is a radiation absorbing layer that absorbs radiation 6a and generates heat, 2 is a liquid layer, and 3 is a transparent protective plate 17. Basically, the display element DE is constructed by laminating these elements. It is configured. In the reflective display element DE shown in FIG. 2(B), 9 is a pressure absorbing film that absorbs the increase in pressure when the liquid layer 2 is heated, and 8 is a pressure absorbing film used for display. A reflective film for reflecting the illumination light 4 and lO are a heat generating layer for preheating the liquid layer 2. These reflective film 8, pressure absorbing film 9, and heating element NIO are not necessarily required for the display element DE, and are used as necessary. For example, when the liquid layer 2 is heated, when the internal pressure of the liquid layer 2 does not increase significantly, Jl-force absorption III 9 is not used and the radiation absorption layer 6 is not exposed to light. When it has reflective properties, the anti-0111 di8 is not used, and the boiling point of the liquid in the liquid layer 2 is low, and the radiation absorbing layer 6 generates heat only by irradiating the radiation absorbing layer 6 with the radiation 6a, which provides sufficient responsiveness. When the liquid layer 2 is heated to form the liquid layer heating section 13, the heating element layer 10 is not used. However, since the heating element layer 1O will be described later, the description will be made assuming that the heating element layer 10 is not present in FIG. 2(B). In addition, these pressure absorbing membranes 9 and heating element layers 10 are necessary.
It is also used in the transparent display element DE shown in A). The radiation absorbing layer 6 efficiently absorbs radiation 6a, particularly infrared rays, and generates heat, but it is difficult to melt itself due to the heat generated. This radiation absorbing layer 6 is obtained by forming a film (including a multilayer film) of various inorganic or organic materials. still,
Since this radiation absorbing layer 6 itself has a thickness of only a few, it generally lacks a supporting function, so it is common to add a radiation transparent support plate as a substrate made of glass, plastic, etc. as shown in 4. It is true. The translucent liquid constituting the liquid layer 2 is of the types described above, and generally refers to a liquid that is translucent to visible light, and the translucent liquid is transparent to radiation 6a such as infrared rays. It does not matter whether it is translucent or not.

7 is case 2F, when liquid layer 2 is not heated.

The illumination light 4 that enters the display element DE and passes through the transmissive display element fDE or is reflected by the reflective display element 1'DE and exits from the display element DE is blocked. When the display element DH configured in this way is irradiated with radiation (particularly infrared rays) 6a from the right side of the drawing, corresponding points on the radiation absorption layer 6 generate heat. When a part of the radiation absorbing layer 6 generates heat in this way, the liquid in the liquid layer 2 that is in contact with or in the vicinity of this layer is heated by thermal conduction, and the temperature of the liquid rises, causing its physical properties to change. The temperature changes from before heating, and a liquid layer heating portion 13 in a high temperature region of the liquid layer 2 is formed. The illumination light 4 passing through the liquid layer heating section 13 has its optical path changed by the mechanism described above in FIG. 1. At least a portion of the illumination light 4 that has undergone this optical path change exits the display element -DE and passes through the aperture of the grating 7. On the other hand, since all of the illumination light 4 that does not pass through the liquid layer heating section 13 is blocked by the grating 7, it passes through the grating 7. When looking at the display element DE, *#hrt
Illumination light passing through the part of the liquid layer 2 where the hot part 13 is formed.
t and the illumination light 4 that passes through the non-heated part of the layer 'm of the liquid layer 2 are identified.

Of course, if the illumination light 4 that passes through the non-heated part of the liquid layer passes through the opening 1-1 of case f7, then the heated part of the liquid layer]
3 is formed, the illumination light 4 passing through this part is blocked by the grating 7, so there is also an opening in the grating 7 through which the illumination I light 4 does not pass. is also possible.

Even if the grid 7 is not provided, the direction of the illumination light 4 passing through the liquid layer heating section 13 and the direction of the illumination light 4 passing through the liquid layer non-heating section of the liquid layer 2 are mutually exclusive when exiting the display element DE. Since they are different, the illumination light 4 can be optically identified when looking toward the direction in which either one of the light beams comes.

In addition, when irradiating the radiation 6a to the display element DE,
It is possible to irradiate a predetermined image in a pattern such that the radiation 6a is a beam, or it is possible to use a laser light source to irradiate a large number of beams at once in a dot shape using the radiation 6a as a beam. It is also possible to use a method of scanning the radiation absorbing layer 61 with an 1 beam or a 1 line beam.

Furthermore, the direction in which the radiation 6a is irradiated is not limited to the illustrated example in the case of the transmissive display element DE shown in FIG. 2(A). In other words, the transparent protection plate 3 and the liquid layer 2 are exposed to radiation 6.
When the radiation 6a is transmitted, it is also possible to irradiate the radiation 6a from the left side of the drawing. It should be noted that erasing the display is done naturally by cooling the liquid layer heating section 13. This point differs from the conventionally known thermo-optic effect of liquid crystals. In other words, the thermo-optical effect of liquid crystals changes from a transparent state to an opaque state or vice versa due to thermal changes, but once the changed state is memorized, it does not return to its original state simply by returning the temperature. No (because the molecular arrangement is confined). However, liquid crystals are also within the technical scope of the present invention as long as they are used within the scope of the principles of the present invention, ie, have optical properties or thermal reversibility. This is because the use of such liquid crystals has not been previously known.

In the following, a method for forming display pixels by radiation heating has been described, but in the present invention, the radiation absorbing layer 6 in FIG. Instead of the layer, it is also possible to modify the layer so that a heating element (not shown) is brought into close contact with the layer to heat the liquid by conduction.

In the present invention, in order to further enhance the discrimination effect of display pixels, a visible light reflecting film 8 may be separately interposed between the radiation absorbing layer 6 and the liquid layer 2 as described above. The reflective film 8 needs to be formed of a high melting point metal material or metal compound material that does not melt itself during heat conduction.

In order to obtain an effective display in the present invention, the radiation absorbing layer 6
Although it is necessary to heat the liquid surface of the liquid layer 2 in contact with the liquid layer 2 and the liquid layer 2 in the vicinity thereof, it is not a requirement that the heating extends to the liquid surface of the liquid layer 2 in contact with the transparent protection plate 3 and the vicinity thereof. .

However, the liquid layer 2 in contact with the heating surface of the radiation absorbing layer 6
The liquid level and the temperature of the liquid layer 2 in the vicinity are
Experiments have shown that the higher the temperature is, the better the display contrast of the display element DE becomes. Furthermore, if this is actively utilized, it becomes possible to display halftones by differentiating the heat stitching for heating the two liquid layers.

The smaller the diameter of the irradiation spot for irradiating the radiation absorption layer 6 with the radiation 6a, the better the contrast of the display.
Approximately 100μ is appropriate.

However, even if the radiation absorbing layer 6 is irradiated with the radiation 6a of a rectangular light beam having a width of 2 mm and a length of 0 mm, a display image can be obtained. The term "liquid layer heating section 13" often used in the detailed description of the present invention includes the latter range.

However, even if the liquid layer heating section 13 of the liquid layer 2 is not minute, the temperature of the heating surface is not uniform, so the direction of the optical path of light in the static layer heating section 13 and the optical path of light in the silent non-heating section are different. If a difference occurs in the direction of , a discrimination effect will occur. In the present invention, the liquid layer heating section 13 is not limited to a minute range.

In the present invention, since the liquid constituting the liquid layer 2 is not heated above its boiling point, neither bubbles are generated nor a sudden increase in pressure occurs.

Damage to the Shitak-C display element f D E due to the above-mentioned pressure does not pose much of a problem. However, it is only 1, but it is only 14 or l (★ Even by heating layer 2, the pressure of display element rrlE is h )! However, it is necessary to bear in mind that bubbles may occur if the gift is forged due to some unavoidable reason.

Therefore, in preparation for such a case, both of these liquid layers 2 are connected to the air chamber or accumulator shown in the figure.
It is desirable to reduce the increase in pressure in the liquid layer 2.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2(B), a pressure absorbing film 9 is interposed between the liquid layer 2 and the transparent protection plate 3 within the display element DE. The pressure generated in the liquid layer 2 may be absorbed.

Of course, combining the two methods described above will be even more effective. The pressure absorbing membrane 9 is made of a translucent elastic material or a highly viscoelastic material, and may also be made of a so-called sponge that contains air bubbles or has ventilation holes.

Furthermore, if air bubbles made of temperature gas are generated or mixed in the liquid layer 2, whether it is necessary to remove such air bubbles and to use an L stage, or... It would also be possible to provide the breaker with a bubble removal function.

As another means, air bubbles can be removed by pressure or suction using a pump or syringe (not shown).

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2(B), in order to greatly speed up the formation speed of the liquid layer heating section 13 as a display pixel, when the reflective film 8 is not used, the display element DE Between the radiation absorbing layer 6 and the liquid layer 2, there is also a reflective film 8.
When using, a heating element layer 10 that generates heat by Joule heat is provided between the radiation absorption layer 6 and the Jy 1198,
Is it possible to r-heat the liquid layer 2? Jl is good. Incidentally, at this time, if the radiation absorption layer 6 or ζ or radiation absorption film 8 is a conductor, is it necessary to provide an insulating layer (not shown) between the radiation absorbing layer 6 or the radiation absorbing layer 8 and the heating element layer io? /l It's lovely.

As such a heating element layer 10, a radiation heater 1 is used.
, it is preferable to use a linear heating element (none of which is shown) that corresponds to a plurality of scanning lines. In the case of the heating element layer 10 or a linear heating element, is the display result good because the heating part is minute in the width direction? It seems that it will be rejected. At this time, it is preferable to alternate the irradiation of the radiation absorbing layer 6 with the radiation 6a and the heating of the liquid layer 2 by the heating element layer IO. Examples of the material for such a heating element layer 10 include metal compounds such as boron boride and tantalum nitride, and alloys such as Nicro-1.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the configuration of the display element DE such that a corrosive component is in direct contact with the liquid layer 2 is different from that of the element rDE.
It is best to avoid it as it will reduce your life. That is, in a configuration in which a corrosive component is in contact with the liquid layer 2, chemical corrosion, thermal oxidation, etc. occur, and the display element fDE is likely to be damaged or deteriorated.

Therefore, in such a case, it is desirable to form a corrosion-resistant protective film (not shown) at the interface between the liquid layer 2 and the 1g4 corrosive component. Examples of the material for the protection 11 include dielectric materials such as silicon oxide and titanium oxide, and thermoplastic plastics.

In an uninvented case, of course, the protective film may also serve as the reflective film 8, depending on its function.

Note that when a metal or the like is used as the radiation absorbing layer 6, it is generally used as a radiation transmitting t1 support plate l- as a substrate.
Since the film is formed in a uniform manner, there is no fear that the radiation absorbing layer 6 will be oxidized by external air when it is heated. If the radiation absorption rate of the radiation absorption layer 6 is not perfect, a reflective film IJZ I is provided on the side to which the radiation 6a is irradiated.
The absorption rate of the radiation 6a of the radiation absorbing layer 6 can be significantly increased by adding a layer of I-grass (not shown).

Next, as an example, a light valve type projection device will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9. Although the light valve (light J1') controls or adjusts the light, a
, and therefore, the light from the single light source is
1-1 medium (in the case of this embodiment, the liquid layer of the display element) is used to control the display and project the display onto the screen 1-.
All of this will be included. This method, when compared to a self-luminous display such as a cathode ray tube, can, in principle, use 11 times more! Since the size and brightness of the display screen can be increased as much as possible by increasing the intensity, it is particularly suitable for large screen displays that require light breakage. Among them, the one shown in Figure 3 is Schlierenlei I
・'-Rubs, as they are called, are human-powered (St ” f
In step 14-1, patterns with different refraction angles, diffraction angles, or reflection angles of light are created in the liquid layer, which is the UU control medium, and the changes are converted into I17 dark images using the Schlieren light system, which is then displayed on a screen. This is a casting method.

FIG. 3 is a general yellow block diagram C for explaining the basic principle of the display device. The images of each strip of the first grating 7a are arranged so as to be largely focused on each bar F of the second grating 7b so as to be blocked by the Schlieren lens 11.

The liquid layer as a medium of the transmission type display element DE placed between the Schlieren lens 11 and the second grating 7b is not heated, and its physical properties (for example, refractive index) are uniform. If so, all the incident light passing through the first grating 7a is 'R
Screen y l 2 + screened by 2 grid 7 b
, Zj′ll is not reached. However, when a part of the liquid layer of the display element/'-DE is heated by the heating element to a high temperature and a liquid layer heating section 13 is formed, the optical path of the light passing there changes as described above. , the incident light 14 which has passed therethrough reaches the screen 12 through the gap (opening 11) of the second grating 7b without being blocked by the second grating r7b.

Therefore, if tpA fl Ii 7 sII' is arranged so as to image the heating surface heating the liquid layer heating section 13 of the display Jt'DE or the medium surface near the screen 12, the display element rDE The brightness and darkness image corresponding to the temperature change i of the liquid layer is displayed on the screen 121. can be obtained. Note that the opening [1 of the first and second cases f7a and 7b used in this case does not matter whether it is linear or dotted.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are general configuration diagrams of modified embodiments of the third IN display device. In FIG. 4, 14' is a light source placed at the focal point of the lens 11a, so
After all the light beams from now on pass through the lens 11a, they become -+i row light beams. This parallel light beam is transmitted by a transmission type table element f-D E
The incident light 14 is taken from the back side of the lens and used. 7c is a light-shielding filter, which is placed at the focal point of the condensing lens Ilb; Incident light ■4 is the display element DE
The light passes through the light shielding filter 7c as it is and is focused on the light shielding filter 7c via the condensing lens llb.
The incident light 14 enters the screen 12-1- arranged behind the
is not reached at all. However, when a part of the oil layer of the display element DE is heated to a high temperature and a liquid layer is added to form the @ part 13, the optical path of the light passing through that part of the display element DE changes as described above. The necessary light 14 that has passed there reaches the screen 12 without being blocked by the light blocking filter 7c.

Therefore, if the condenser lens llb is arranged so that the heating surface heating the liquid layer heating section 13 of the display element DE or the medium surface in the vicinity thereof is imaged onto the screen 12'', the display element DE A bright and dark image corresponding to the temperature change i of the liquid layer is obtained on the screen l21:.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a modification of the display device of FIG. 4 for obtaining an inverted image. 14' is a light source placed at the focal point of lens lla, 11b is a condensing lens, and the light i1 is parallelized by lens 1.1a.
This is for condensing the incident light 14 from 4' onto the focal position. A light-shielding filter 7d is placed at the focal point of the condensing lens llb, that is, at the condensing point, which passes only the light beam passing through the condensing point. Further, a transmission type display element ``DE'' is arranged between the condenser lens 11b and the light shielding filter 7d, and a screen is arranged behind the light shielding filter 7d. When the portion 13 is not formed, all of the incident light I4 is condensed to a condensing point by the condensing lens Ilb, passes through this condensing point, and reaches the screen 1.
Reach above 2.

However, when the liquid layer heating section 13 is formed in the display element f-D E, the light passing through this section changes its optical path and becomes scattered light, and is blocked by the light blocking filter 7d, so that the light passing through the liquid layer heating section 13 is not exposed to the screen 12.
There is a point where the light does not reach 1-, and a bright and dark image is formed.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another modification of the display device embodiment shown in FIGS. f54 and 5. FIG. The light from the light source 14' is converted into parallel light by the lens lla,
The incident light 14 is incident on the reflective display element (-DE) through 15'.

If the physical properties (for example, refractive index) of the liquid layer of the display element fDE are uniform, the incident light 14 to the display element DE is reflected by the display element DE, and this reflected light, like the incident light 14, is parallel light. The light is condensed to a focal point via a condensing lens l l LT. A light shielding filter 7c (in this case,
If the light-blocking filter 7d is not arranged), the light condensed at this focal point will be blocked by the light-blocking filter 7c and will not reach the screen 12F.

However, when the - part of the liquid layer of the display element DE is heated to form a high temperature region liquid layer heating part 13, the light incident on this part changes its optical path and is reflected, passing through the condenser lens llb. via which the screen l 2 , , l: is reached. If this condensing lens llb is arranged at a position where it images the heating surface heating the liquid layer heating section 13 or the medium surface in the vicinity thereof on the screen 12, the temperature of the liquid layer of the display element DE A bright and dark image corresponding to the change in color is obtained on the screen 12.

In addition, in order to obtain an inverted image on the screen, in place of the light-shielding filter 7C, a circuit that passes only the light that passes through a small condensing point indicated by the dotted chain line is used. You can arrange it like this. In this case, most of the scattered light from the liquid layer heating section 13 of the display element f-DE is blocked by the light blocking filter 7d, and non-scattered light is blocked by the light blocking filter 7d.
Since it passes through d and reaches the screen 12, the above-mentioned inverted image is displayed.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a transmission type light valve type projection device, and shows an example of the arrangement of input stages for transmission to a transmission type display element DE. 7a is first case -1', D
E is a transmission type display element, 11 is Schliererns, 7b
is a second grating, 11' is an imaging lens, and I2 is a screen, and these structures are similar to those of the display A/'[ in FIG. The signal light of radiation (-1-, infrared) 6a modulated through a laser light source and a light modulator (not shown) is horizontally scanned by a rotating polygon mirror serving as a horizontal scanner 17, and then passed through a lens ie. It is directly scanned by a rotating polygon mirror or a galvano mirror as a polishing scanner 16, and then subjected to a second mirror by a cold filter 15.
An image is formed on the radiation absorbing layer 6 at the transmission type display element f=I) E shown in FIG. X, form the original image. - force, ffs Since the incident light 11↓ that has passed through the grating 7a passes through the cold filter 15, it is caused to appear on the screen 12 by the mechanism described above in FIG. It forms a two-dimensional visible image. Display element D used in this figure
It goes without saying that the radiation absorbing layer 6 of E must be transparent to one line of sight.

In addition, non-conductor laser array or light-emitting tied array (
If a horizontal scanner 17 is used, the horizontal scanner 17 can be omitted. Further, the cold filter 15 and the galvanometer mirror may be used in common.

In addition, in FIG. 2(A), a transmission type display element rDE with tf<
When applying this to FIGS. 4 and 5, the incident method of the radiation 6a is explained in 1. For example, in FIG. 7, explanation 1. A laser oscillator, a flat scanner 17° lens 11e, a vertical scanner 16, a cold filter 15, etc. may be used. At this time, the cold filter 15 is located between the display Ji'DE and the lens lla, and the fifth
In the figure, it is sufficient to interpose it between the display element T-DE and the condenser lens llb.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a reflective light valve type projection device as a display device. The luminous flux from the light source 14' is:
The 11-line light I
#, condenser lens flb bent at right angle by mirror 18
incident on . The incident light 14 for illumination focused by the condenser lens iib passes through the central aperture provided at the center of the mirror 19 and is converted into parallel light by the lens llc, as shown in FIG. 2(B). Reflective display element DE
(Here, the heating element layer 10 is excluded). This incident light 14 is reflected by the reflective film 8 of the display element DE, but the reflected q4 light (all or Most of it) is again transmitted to the mirror 19 via the lens 11c.
exits through the central opening. On the other hand, display element DE
Some of the light reflected at the display point 1 goes out from the center of the mirror 19, but it is reflected by the mirror 19 and is imaged on the screen 12 by the imaging lens ll'.

Further, the signal light of radiation (mainly infrared rays) 6a modulated through a laser light source and an optical modulator (not shown) is horizontally scanned by a rotating polygon mirror serving as a horizontal scanner 17, and passed through a lens lie as a vertical scanner 16. As the radiation is vertically scanned by the Carpano mirror and is two-dimensionally scanned and incident on the radiation absorption layer 6 of the display element 〇H,
In response to the signal light, a large number of display points are formed two-dimensionally within the display element DE, and as described above, these display points are formed as bright points on the screen 12 as a projection image, thereby forming a projection image. You will get it.

Of course, the reflective display element DE shown in FIG. 2(B) can be used in the display device shown in FIG. 6 as in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a carton pulp type projection device as a display device according to the present invention.

25 is a video generation circuit that generates a video signal; 24 is a control circuit that controls the video signal and supplies this signal to the video amplification circuit 22 and the horizontal and vertical drive circuits 23; 21 is a laser light source; and 2o is a circuit from the laser light source. The light modulated by the optical modulator 2o, which modulates the laser beam according to the signal from the image amplification circuit 22, enters the water W scanner 16 or the superposed scanner 17. Further, the horizontal scanner 16 and the vertical scanner 17 operate in response to drive signals synchronized with the video signals from the horizontal and vertical drive circuits 23, respectively. The structure of the other portions within the broken line is the same as the structure described above, so the explanation thereof will be omitted.

The video signal output from the video generation circuit 25 is sent to the control circuit 2.
4 and is amplified by the video amplification circuit 22. The optical modulator 20 is driven by the input of the amplified video signal and modulates the radar beam emitted from the laser light source 21. on the other hand,
The control circuit 24 outputs a water cycle signal and a vertical synchronization signal, which drive the horizontal scanner 17 and the vertical scanner 16 through the water, IL, and multiple drive circuits, respectively. In this way, a thermal two-dimensional image is formed within the liquid layer of the display element DE. The subsequent configuration operations within the broken line are as described above and will be omitted here for simplicity. In addition, TV
When receiving main radio waves, a receiver may be used in place of the video generation circuit 25. As another means for applying a thermal signal to the display element DE, for example, an optical system 26 shown in FIG. 10 is used. In the figure, laser oscillator 2
The laser beam 28 outputted from the laser beam 28 passes through the thin film waveguide type deflector 29 and then is not reflected by the galvanometer mirror 30, so that it scans the display element fDE surface at high speed. By connecting an image signal circuit (not shown) to the laser oscillator 27, specific image formation becomes possible.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a color display element r-1 according to the present invention, and for convenience of explanation, a display element whose upper half is a transmissive type is shown.
The lower half is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view as a reflective display element. 6 is a radiation absorbing layer, and 8 is a reflective film, which are not provided in the transmissive display element DE shown in the upper half of the figure. 3
1 is a color mosaic filter, and its specific structure and manufacturing technology have already been published in the time El/452-13.
Since it is as explained in detail in Japanese Patent Publication No. 094 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-36019, the detailed explanation will be omitted here as these are adopted.

2 is a liquid layer, 3 is a transparent protective plate, and color mosaic filter 3
The holes 4 constituting the display element -fDE except for 1 are as explained in FIG. 2, and will be omitted here because they are in the cylinder.

In the small example of the figure, the liquid layer 2 in contact with the red filter part (R) of the color mosaic filter 31 is heated by thermal conduction by the radiation absorbing layer 6 that has absorbed the radiation 6a, and the liquid layer 2 is heated by thermal conduction. When liquid layer heating fζ1113 occurs in , reflection 11S! 8 or transmitted through the radiation absorption layer G\) The one-line illumination light 4 passes through the liquid layer heating section 13 and is heated by the broken line by the mechanism described above. If there is no liquid layer heating section 13, pass 1. The light passes through a bent optical path as shown by the two-dot chain line, which is different from the optical path of the resulting light, and exits out of the I\element/DE. When white light enters the red filter section (R), the transmitted light or reflected light that comes out of the display element DE is only light that makes red visible (hereinafter referred to as red light). Blue filter section C
B) and the light passing through the green filter section (G) are also similar to the path of the light passing through the red filter section (R). However, in the case of this figure, the green filter part (G)
Regarding 1., only the round line in the case where it does not pass through the liquid layer heating section 13 is 1. There is τ. Also, if the required light 4 is white light,
The light that has passed through the Δ color filter section (B) is only the light that is visible as green (hereinafter referred to as "black light"), and the light that has passed through the green filter section (G) is the light that is visible as green. green light (hereinafter referred to as green light). When viewing the display element fDE in the direction of the light passing through the liquid layer heating section 13, an observer (not shown) sees a pseudo color created by the additive coloring method. For example, the red filter'? of the adjacent color mosaic filters 31? ;u (R), Q
When the liquid layer 2 is simultaneously heated in the color filter section (G) and the old color filter section (B) to form the liquid layer heating section 13, an observer (not shown) can visually see white.

In addition, as explained in Fig. 2 (this display element DE
By arranging a light-shielding grating (not shown) on the Fiii surface, only the light that passes through the liquid layer heating section 13 out of the light emitted from the display element DE is passed through the opening 11 of the light-shielding grating (not shown). As a result, a clearer pseudo-color display based on the additive coloring method can be achieved.

E12 Figure 1” 11. It is a color light bulb type projection device, and red, i'? , green three-channel projection devices 32, 33, and 34 are arranged in parallel and screen 1 is displayed simultaneously.
In this method, the three primary color rasters are projected onto a screen 12-1-, and the three primary color rasters are properly superimposed on the screen 12-1-. Figure 13 shows the example ;(
As shown in the figure, the white light source 14'' is separated into primary colors by the two tie-Brown lag mirrors 35 and mirrors 36, and is used as a light source for illuminating each of the red, blue, and green immersion devices. , the light and heavy duty utilization rate of Hikari 1 town is almost three times that of the sequential system.

FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display element according to the present invention, and FIG.
Figure (B) shows a reflection type display element.

In the figure, 3 indicates a transparent protective plate (this may not be used when the display element DE is used as water\11), 2 indicates a liquid layer,
These are elements that have the same turning function as those explained in FIG. 1. 401-L is an insulating layer with thermal conductivity +41, and a plurality of heat generating resistance wires 41.4 as heat generating members are provided on both sides of the layer.
2 are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix shape so as to sandwich and intersect the insulating layer. Reference numeral 5 denotes a substrate as a support for the heat generating resistance wires 41 and 42 and the insulating layer 40. In the case of the transmission type display element rDE shown in FIG.
0 is transparent, for example, heating resistance wire 41°471-i
Injiu 2. - Consists of clear oil tlQ of tin oxide. And these tables y) < , l, 1
In 'DE, only when the predetermined heating resistance wires 41 and 42 are selected and generates heat, the liquid layer heating part ( (not shown) is formed.

Further, as described above in FIG. 2, the pressure absorbing film 9 and the reflecting film 8 are used as necessary.

Next, an example of matrix driving of such a display element will be explained in more detail using FIG.

In the figure, D E l;1 display element r is shown, and if we consider that it has the same detailed structure as explained in FIG.

Xn, Xo, Xp's heating resistance wires (these are row lines and Ilj) and Yc, Yd, Ye's outer axis heating machine 19 wires (
These are composed of column lines and IllF), etc.
c , Yd , Yeo) One is a common surface'm, TIE
◇ Row lines X e , X m , X n , X o ,
When a Σ-flow pulse is applied to 'Xp', the 1st layer (not shown, 1st layer) corresponding to these row lines is linearly heated to the mth degree. At this time, since the degree of heating is set to be less than or equal to the threshold fI/i for liquid heating display, no liquid layer heating portion 13 in the high temperature region for heating display is generated in the liquid layer. Since the application of power and heating current signals is not repeated, the transistor Tr installed at the emitter
By applying a video signal pulse to the base side of l to Tr3 to turn on transistors Tr1 to Tr3, these transistors Tr and to Tr3 are connected to each other.

A predetermined video signal is applied to the column lines Yc, Yd, and Ye. By applying this hidden signal -), the first row conductor Y
The liquid layers corresponding to c, Yd, and Ye are linearly heated. As a result, at the intersection of the heating wave pulse and the video signal, the rotating batting line and the column line are heated additively by the fiTa person's heat generation, and the degree of heating of the liquid layer exceeds the heating display threshold. exceed. If the line f1 is set so that a liquid layer heating section]3 is formed in the liquid layer, which corresponds only to the case of additive heating, the intersection of the reversely twisted '4r line and the column line A liquid layer heating section 13 is formed in the.

In addition, in the example 1- below, even if the driving method is changed as follows, images can be formed in exactly the same way. That is, even if a modification is made in which a video signal is applied to the row lines and a heating current signal is applied to the column lines, the effect is exactly the same. In this way, the display element DE illustrated in FIG. 14 is capable of matrix driving as well. Table 71<element 1'-D
If the thickness of the liquid layer in E is always thin in 11, the following effects will occur by installing heating resistance wires arranged in stripes on both the transparent protective plate side and the substrate side as shown in L. .

・1. The manufacturing process or the inside of the cylinder (the yield rate is 1-1).

'2. Since the liquid layer is heated from both sides, the thermal efficiency is good.
y.

It is a hat.

)V÷! ! IIT, 9J is recommended to separately provide a heat sink to enhance the heat dissipation effect of the conductor. The substrate 5 (FIG. 14) can be used as a substitute for this heat sink. previousyI
The N row lines and column lines are separated by an insulating layer 40,
Since the J''f of the insulating layer 40 is several microns, if the 1 and 1 signals are applied simultaneously due to the time lag in the heat transfer 11, the conductive heat will not reach the liquid layer 2 at 11ν. 111
The formation of the layer heating section may be impaired by Ilj.

Therefore, in order to further enhance the additive heating effect, it may or may not be desirable to extend the applied pulse to the force line close to the liquid layer 2 than the pulses applied to other force lines gj. Note that it is not necessary that all of both signal lines be formed of heating resistors. Rather, in order to save energy, it is preferable to configure only the intersections of row lines and column lines with heat-generating resistors, and to configure the rest with good conductors such as AI. It becomes complicated.') A is true.

Another example of a heat generating element as a heat generating yellow element for constructing a display element suitable for matrix driving as shown in FIG. 15 will be explained with reference to FIG.

FIG. 16 is an external perspective view schematically depicting a partial area of the heating element. In the figure, numeral 45 supports a heating resistor layer, which is obtained by forming a sheet of a known heating resistor (for example, nichrome alloy, hafnium boride, tantalum nitride, etc.). Although not shown in the drawing, this resistance layer 45 naturally extends downward in the drawing. Also, 46a, 46b, 46c
.

46d are column conductors, 47a and 4.7b.

47c are all row conductors. 17. All of these conductive wires are made of good conductors such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, etc. (I have not heard of this, but are the conductive wires covered with an insulating film (not shown) such as 5i02? common). In the illustrated heating element, for example, 46b of the column conductor
When the row conductor 47c is selected and Ichikawa is applied to both of them, a current is applied to the portion of the resistance layer 45 corresponding to the intersection 48 of the two, resulting in 9: ripening.

In this way, any row conductor and column conductor (row/column 11
) It is possible to generate heat at the intersection.

Therefore, the heating element shown in FIG.
In the display element incorporated in place of the heat generating element f as a heat generating element consisting of 2 and an insulating layer 40, the display of the Tomato Links image can be performed using the same M) Links driving force formula as in the example shown in Figure 15. It is Jo or 11-cho Noh.

By the way, in the heat generating element shown in FIG. 16, the heat generating resistor layer 45 can be divided and provided only at the intersection of the column conducting wire 46 and the row conducting wire 47 (the four wires are insulated from each other in other regions). In such a configuration (FIG. 17), it is possible to substantially prevent the occurrence of loss, which is inconvenient for image formation faithful to the signal.

In the example of FIG. 17, the row conductors 47a, 47b...
Below, line 'jiff147,! : Iu) Column 'Q wires 46a, 46b -- (hereinafter referred to as column conductor wire 46) are S
iO,.

Although they are arranged through an insulating film (not shown) such as Si3N4, the insulating film in the intersection area of the 7F conductor 47 and the column conductor 46 is removed, and instead, heating resistors 45a, 45b,
(Hereinafter, a photothermal resistor 45 is embedded.

Next, in FIG. 18, instead of the heating element f- as the heating element shown in FIG. 17, the heating element f- as shown in FIG. An example in which a display element containing M1 is driven by MA links will be explained in more detail. The nail shaft selection circuit 103 is electrically connected to the needle shaft drive circuits 101a, 1OIb, . The ends f- are connected to respective row conductors 47. Output terminal and row conductor 4
In this specification, we will explain the basic configuration, so the output terminal r may be the number of row conductors 47. It is assumed that the end r- is connected to the - row conducting wire at 31'1.

, nonori il + b'r selection circuit 104,
Clear+11 drive circuit 102a.

The same holds true for the relationship between the outer shaft drive circuits 102b, . Image control lDJ path 105 is rod axis selection lhl
By line 103 and Luri axis selection circuit 104 and line A'
electrically connected. The image control circuit 105 outputs an image control signal to select the 1 row @ 11 selection circuit 103.
The same effect can be obtained by instructing which 'I'j 4:i to select and sending the statement 1 to the tally axis selection 1j selection circuit 104. That is, in response to an image control signal from the image system 041 circuit 105, the row axis selection circuit 103 selects (switches on) a specific row +ll (row 4!ta) via one of the row axis drive circuits 101. For example, the 1st row axis selection circuit 103 or the row conductor
If p is reversely twisted, an Xp row selection signal is generated, and in response to this, the needle shaft drive circuit 102XP also selects ('j
Input +hl+ drive signal. On the other hand, image control circuit 1
When a video signal, which is one of the image control signals from 05, is input to the outer axis selection circuit 104, the outer axis selection circuit 104 receives the command and selects the produced outer axis (column conductor). For example, if the outer axis selection circuit 104 selects the column JQ line Ye, the outer axis drive circuit 102Ye also outputs the t-Ye column selection signal and switches the column conductor Ye on (conductivity). state.

If the selection of the material axis and the selection of the outer axis are done synchronously, in this example, the intersection point of the row conductor Xp and the column conductor Ye (selection point: Xp
-Ye), a current flows through the heat generating JIU antibody, Joule heat is generated, and a liquid layer heating portion is formed in the liquid layer (not shown).

Leakage current flows also at the non-selected points, but since it is less than the current value for forming the liquid layer heating part, the liquid layer heating part JO is not formed in the liquid layer.

In addition, by providing one heating resistor 45 with a power function, the leakage current can be made even weaker.

In this way, in the same way as explained in FIG. 15, in FIG. 18 as well, line sequential scanning 12 is performed using the row axis drive signal, and an outer axis selection signal is output in synchronization therewith.

The selected column conductor 46 is connected via the dynamic shaft drive circuit 102.
q Suitable! ! By setting it to 8, the two-dimensional image display becomes 1 [
I can. Incidentally, the outer axis selection circuit 104 outputs an outer axis selection signal in response to a command by the Biao signal. At this time, the direction of the current flowing through the heating resistor does not matter.

The row and outer axis selection circuits 103 and 104 and the row and dynamic axis drive circuits 101 and 102 are constructed by known techniques using shift transistors, transistor arrays, and the like.

In addition, below 1. In the display method based on matrix adaptation using the heating element described above, as described above in FIG. 2(B), the transmission type display element DE shown in FIG. 14(A) is used.
It is also possible to use a pressure absorbing layer 9 for the display element J'DE having the configuration shown in FIG. By interposing a corrosion-resistant silicon oxide film or silicon nitride IIQ between the heat generating element (for example, the heat generating resistance wire 41 thereof), reaction corrosion between the liquid layer 2 and them can be appropriately prevented. .

In addition, the red filter part (R), the green filter part (G), and the blue filter part (B) of the color mosaic filter shown in FIG.
(For example, in the display element DE shown in FIG. 14,
The intersection of the heating resistor wires 41 and 42, and in the heating element shown in FIG. 17, the portion of the heating resistor 45) l-
By adopting the same configuration as the example shown in FIG. 11,
It goes without saying that a display element using eight light emitting elements as shown in FIG. 17 can perform color display using a principle similar to that shown in FIG. 11.

However, in a light/lube type projection device as a display device using a display element using such a heat generating element, the portion related to the radiation input means as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. , that is, a laser light source and optical modulator (not shown), a rotating polygon mirror, and a galaxter (not shown). Of course, mirrors, lenses, etc. are unnecessary. Of course, it goes without saying that such a 7-trinks drive type display element can also be applied to the light pulp type projection apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 to 6.

FIG. 19 is a schematic partial view of another modified example of a heating element as a heating element. The arrangement of the heat generating parts of the heat generating element 51 in FIG.
It was arranged in a "don't line" manner. 49 is a heating resistor, and a line a-a is connected to the insulating layer 51b.
' are arranged in the direction. Electrodes 50a and 50b are provided on both sides of this heating resistor 49, respectively. This electrode 5
The 0a side is commonly connected and grounded. The other electrode 50b side is connected to each of the switching circuits 51a. The other end of this electronic switch is commonly connected to a DC power source (not shown). It is assumed that each electric switch of this switching circuit 51a is opened and closed in response to an image signal.

FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display device that projects both color images onto a screen using the heating element shown in FIG. 19.

Reference numerals 57r, 57g, and 57b are a red light source, a green light source, and a paleochrome light source that output red light, green light, and blue light, respectively, and emit light alternately in this order in chronological order.

56a and 56b are half mirrors with a large green light source of 57g
, by reflecting the light from the blue light source 57b to the red light source 57r.
This is to direct the light in the same direction as the direction of the light. 55 is a line image optical system composed of a cylindrical rectangular lens 54, etc., and a line a-a on the heat generating part of the reflective display element DE incorporating the heat generating part r-51 shown in FIG. 19 as a heat generating element. 'l- in line with red light source 57r and green light source 5
7g, '+' monochromatic light TA57b. If a liquid layer heating section is not formed in the liquid layer of the display element DE, the line-shaped light image formed on the display element DE will be reflected by the display element DE and will be entirely reflected by the line image forming optical system 55. Table 21 (Light is focused on the light shielding filter 7C7 via the element DE., 52
is a lens, 53 is an example of an optical deflector, and 958 is a lens.
The light scattered from the liquid layer heating section of the screen 12J
- forms an image. In addition, the gal-no-mirror 53 displays the line image reflected from the display element DE on the screen 1.
It is meant to run in the direction of the arrow 2.

Let us now assume that Calpa Nomira-53 is located at the same location.

The red light from the red light source 57r is imaged into a line on the display element fDE by the line image forming optical system 55. In parallel with this, the heating resistor 49 of the heating element r51 of the display element DE
generates heat by being energized via the switching circuit 51a in response to a video signal, and a liquid layer heating portion (small country; J1) is formed in the liquid layer of the display element DE. The red light scattered by the liquid layer heating section is imaged as a dot image at 121° on the screen via the lens 52, the mirror mirror 53, and the lens 58. The next green light source and n-color light source also operate in the same way as the red light source to provide video signal t).
-; A line image consisting of a point image is displayed on the screen 1210 line 1-. In this way, screen 12 J
- If a line image is formed by scanning the gal/heno mirror 53 one after another, a color projected image corresponding to the video will be formed on the screen 12.

In addition, in the embodiments from FIG. 14 to FIG. 20, when a liquid with good conductivity such as alcohol is used as the liquid of the liquid layer, as explained in FIG.
When using the heating element shown in Fig. 19 as a display element and not using a reflective film, it is necessary to
Needless to say, a thin insulating layer such as 07 is interposed. Further, when a conductive reflective film is used as the reflective film, it goes without saying that a thin film of an insulating layer such as 5i07 is interposed between the reflective film and the heating element.

FIG. 21 is a diagram of a liquid circulation system of a display device for cooling a liquid layer of one display element. Display element DE
When driven continuously for a long time, the liquid layer 2 in the element DE
gradually becomes It IAA due to heat accumulation, and A bubbles may be suddenly generated in the liquid layer 2 where the liquid is a thin layer. If the amount of heat storage increases in this way, it will cause lines and is undesirable.

Therefore, in the tree IA small example, in order to prevent heat accumulation in liquid layer 2, + (, ff'j, in layer 2) 111 bodies or Table 4 < J ”F
``E, 'A It was made to circulate between the other rooms 83.1 and the iwo conversion room 64.

The function 11 of the vaporization chamber 63 is to convert such surplus heat into vaporization heat and leave it. Formation of bubbles into l1ll 1
1: It has the function of absorbing or alleviating the pressure caused by. A depressurizing means 62 is added to the exhaust chamber 63 in order to maintain it in a depressurized state.

If the pressure is lower than that of the air chamber 63, the evaporation rate of the liquid will increase, and the heat dissipation rate will be faster.
It is 1. The vaporized steam is then converted into a liquefaction chamber 64 where % of the vapor is reduced to 1%.
It is released into the liquid layer 2 in the Ilp cell element f-DE through the circulation path 65.

Therefore, while maintaining the reduced pressure state by means of reduced pressure r, l, and
・The liquid circulation system described in 1-1, which circulates the liquid from the vaporization chamber 63 to the liquefaction chamber 64 and then from the chamber 64 to the liquid layer 2, firstly eliminates the thermal line as an image defect. and secondly, by pressure] - It is effective in removing chairs.

Furthermore, by providing 4 = 1 cooling means 61 consisting of a heat dissipation means or a Peltier, an effect element, etc. to the display element DE, the above effect can be promoted. It is possible to project an image on the screen.

By the way, the liquid circulation system described in this figure does not require the intervention of a forced liquid circulation device such as a pump. In other words, a liquid circulation system can be constructed by natural convection of liquid.

In addition, when the liquid of the liquid circulation system is caused to flow into the liquid layer 2 during the period of forming the liquid layer heating section, it is needless to say that the flow rate should be set to a level that does not disturb the liquid layer heating section.

Further, the pressure reducing means 62 can be constructed using a vacuum pump or an electromagnetic jet, and a fan may be installed on the outer wall of the liquefaction chamber 64 for the purpose of promoting heat radiation.

Also, assuming that the time from when a heat pulse is applied to the liquid until the liquid layer heating part shown in the figure is formed in the liquid layer 2 is defined as the standing time, the rising time is 0mer,, sec
, -1'1' degree. On the other hand, the time during which this liquid layer heating part does not disappear or disappears is called the fall time.
c. Such x''/, -1, time and 17 hours depend on the liquid temperature in the liquid layer 2, the pulse power range, the applied voltage, and the heat dissipation line PI).
It cannot be generalized because it is easily influenced by the specific heat and heat (1) and conductivity of the liquid.However, from the standpoint of afterimage effects, etc., the same high speed is not required for the standing bird makima. The desired standing time can be set by adjusting the composition of the liquid.

! <'It is advantageous for the liquid constituting the It layer 2 to have a small specific heat because it can easily form a liquid layer heating section with low power consumption. For example, methyl alcohol (boiling point 65°C1 specific heat 0.599 cal/g・degat 20°C),
Ethyl alcohol (78°C1 0.58 cal/
go deg at 25°C), n-propyl alcohol (at 97°C 0.586 cal/g・deg a
t 25°C), isopropylflare/l/:l-l(
82℃, 0.569 cal/) (deg a
L20 °Q), n -Petit Le Alcohol -
(lijl l 18 °C, same 0.5
63 cal/g・deg at 25°C), hexane (at 126°C 0,505 cal/g
・deg at 25°C), benzene〉・(deg at 80°C)
, 0.25 cal/g at 25°C), toluene (at 25°C, 0.269 cal/g/deg)
at 25°C), xylene (1444 at 25°C), 3
87 cal/g deg at 30'C),
Carbon tetrachloride (77°C1 0.207 cal
/g-deg aL 20°C), ethylene glycol (198°C, same 0.5619 cal/g-deg)
), glycerin (90℃, 0.569 ca)
l/g-deg) '4 If the liquid layer 2 is composed of a liquid (single or combined), wood (boiling point 100℃,
Compared to the case of the liquid layer 2 consisting of specific heat (1 cal/g (deg)), much better results can be obtained in the display contrast (con) and last. Therefore, the suitable specific heat conditions are 0.7 cal/g Φdeg at a temperature of 20-25°C.
This is the following. In the same liquid, the display contrast 1-i increases as the temperature of the liquid layer heating section becomes higher than that of the surrounding area.

However, because methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol create bubbles, it is impossible to make the humidity too high.Also, this is the reason why the display contrast cannot be improved. On the other hand, -[i'rll III' of tylene glycol, glycerin, etc.
'White liquid does not generate vapor bubbles even if it is heated to a temperature of 1cm, so the temperature of the heated liquid is 1cm. It is possible to increase the size contrast by increasing the size contrast. Experiments have shown that isoerobil alcohol is one of the preferred examples of liquids with a boiling point of 80° C. or higher and good display contrast.

In addition to this, the present invention can also be used in a display element to display colors by dissolving a dye in the above-mentioned liquid layer and using a liquid layer that displays various colors. . If we were to consider the source of the liquid that colors macenta, it would be better to use C. 1. Tyrectrane 1-゛3, ``■η16, times 20
, 44th, 54th, 55th, 75th, 77th, 81st,
83rd, 101st. 110, 152, C. 1. Asi・n]・[/n1; t.

Same 3, Same 5, Times 8, 1 Tsukasa 12, Liil l 7, Same 1
9, 11f+22, 31, 32, 37, 41, 47, 56, 60, 71, 112, 115, 154, 155, 160, 171, 187, C ．． 1. Asoarun] ・7 people Iore l- 5
, times 7, 11. C. 1. direct high olentro,
There are 7th and 16th prizes. Dyeing method 1 using a yellow colored liquid is C.

1, Direct Yellow 18, Same 22, Times 21, C. T
．． Anne, Yellow 1, Times 13, Times 18, Times 1 0 6
, there are 186 hats. As the dye used for the cyan colored liquid, C.I. 1. Direct Blue 1, 37, 83, 127, 149, 215, 231. C.
1. Examples include Ashi〉I Blue 15 and the like.

However, even if the liquid source constituting the liquid layer is colored by appropriately selecting the aforementioned dye, the image forming principle of the display element r as described above in FIG. 1 will not change. do not have. Therefore, when the liquid layer is colored, a color image can be displayed inside.

Also, when the liquid layer is formed in the heated part or the liquid layer (display, ↓2f
If you bring your observing eye close to the two parts, the light passing through both parts will enter your observing eye, so you will see them at the same time. ), since the non-heated part of the liquid layer is more strongly colored than the heated part of the liquid layer, an image can be displayed depending on the degree of coloration.

Therefore, for a display element using such dye dye 1 as a liquid layer, is it possible to project the image of the display element onto the screen J-1 using a light valve type projection device as described above? The image can be displayed even if the image is directly projected onto the screen H using an optical system.

As explained in detail above, the main effects of the present invention are (1) that one of the m-small liquid layer heating parts can be arranged in high density as a unit of display pixel; Can display high resolution images.

(2). If in the liquid layer of the liquid layer heating part as a display pixel
A still image or
Videos including slow motion can be easily displayed.

(3) By employing a liquid circulation system in the 6 display elements, it is possible to present a high-quality screen without noise.

(4) Multi-color display and full-color display can be easily implemented.

(5) Since the structure of the device is relatively simple, its productivity is excellent, and the device has high durability and reliability.

(6) Can be adapted to a wide range of drive systems.

(7) Since the display is performed by heating the liquid layer to a temperature below the boiling point, rather than by forming vapor bubbles, less power is required for each display element, and the power supply unit, that is, the display element and the display device, can be reduced accordingly. can be made smaller.

(8) In devices that perform light modulation and display using vapor bubbles, there is a risk that the display device may be damaged due to gearvitation when the vapor bubbles disappear, but in the present invention, is there a risk of damaging the display device? 11, the durability of the element f- is very high since the liquid layer is only heated to such an extent that it does not break.

''), when displaying 74% foam, the liquid in the liquid layer is removed, which causes an increase in pressure, and it is necessary to provide a special outlet for the liquid #Jj, but in the case of the present invention, the pressure increase is Since it is only the thermal expansion of the liquid in the liquid layer, it hardly causes an increase in pressure, so there is no need to take measures against pressure.
Even if countermeasures are taken, the display element f- itself can be made smaller with only a pressure absorbing film, and even after repeated use for tJ, the display element is not affected by pressure and is durable.

(10) Since the contrast of the display depends on the degree of heating of the liquid in the liquid layer, it is easy to display halftones in an analog manner.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

11k(A) is a schematic image cross-sectional view for explaining the imaging principle of the transmissive display element according to the present invention, and FIG. 1(B) is the image forming principle of the reflective display element according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view for explaining the principle, FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a specific display element according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3 to 8 are outlines of display devices as uninvented application examples. 9 is a block diagram of a display device as an application example of the present invention, and FIG.
Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view for explaining an example of the configuration of a color display according to the present invention, Figure 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a color display device as an example of the application of the present invention, and Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a color illumination optical system. A schematic configuration diagram, FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view for explaining a configuration example of a matrix-driven display element according to the present invention, and FIG. 15 is a schematic explanation of an example of the image forming method according to the present invention. 161 and 17 are external partial perspective views for explaining each configuration example of the heating element, and ff118 is a block diagram of the matrix drive display device according to the present invention.
The figure is a schematic partial diagram of a linear heating element, etc.
0 is a schematic configuration diagram of a display device as an application example of the present invention, and FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a liquid circulation system used in the display element of the present invention. 1° heating element 2: Liquid layer 3 Transparent protection plate 4: Illumination light 5, substrate 6: Radiation absorption layer 6a: Radiation 7: Grid 7a, 1st case f-7b: ff12 case j'7c, 7d
・Light-shielding filter 8: Reflection 11 and 9, pressure absorption film
l〇2 heating element layer 11, Schlierenwance 11
': Imaging lens 11a: Lens Ilb:
Condensing lens 12 screen 13: Liquid layer heating section 14/use light 14': Light source 15: Cold filter 16: Vertical scanner 17: Water) (I
, Scanner 18: Mirror 18/Mirror
20: Optical modulator 21: Laser light source 22: Video amplification circuit 23: Vertical drive circuit, horizontal drive circuit 24: Video control circuit 25: Video generation circuit 26:
Optical system 27: Laser oscillator 28: Laser beam 28 Thin film waveguide deflector 30: Galvano mirror 31: Color mosaic filter 32: Red channel projection device 33: Green channel projection device 34: Blue channel projection device 40: Insulating layer 41 .42: Heat generating resistance wire 4
5: Heat generating resistance layer 46a, 46b, 46c, ...-: Column conductor wire 4
7a, 4? b, 47c, ...: Row conductor 48: Intersection 48: Heating element 50a, 50b,: Electrode
51: Linear heating element 53: Galvano mirror 54 Rainbow trigonal lens 55: Line image forming optical system 57r: Red light source 57g:
Green light source 57b/blue light source 61: Cooling means
62: Decompression means 63: Vaporization chamber
64: Liquefaction chamber 65: Circulation path 101: Needle axis drive circuit 102: Column axis drive circuit 103: Row axis selection circuit 104 column + l + selection circuit 1051 Image control circuit DE table end r (A) (B) Fig. 1 2 Figure 4 Flash Figure 5 9 Figure 27-' Palpitation: 10 H 1'7 13 Continuation of Figure 1 Page q Multiple occurrences Akira Masayuki Usui Canon Co., Ltd., 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo @Inventor: Atsushi Someya, 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Canon Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A liquid layer made of a liquid that is transparent to visible light, and +1
and a radiation absorbing layer disposed close to or in contact with the liquid layer to change the physical properties of the liquid layer and heat the liquid layer to an extent that boiling does not occur in the liquid layer. A display element.