JPS5972011A - Torsion meter and shaft horsepower meter using it - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a compact torsion meter and shaft horsepower meter which has high precision and durability by providing a light source and a reflecting mirror on the outer circumferential surface of a rotating shaft, and detecting reflected light from a reflecting mirror by a linear position detecting element and performing arithmetic processing. CONSTITUTION:Light from a laser 13 is made incident to a right-angled prism along the rotating axis of QR of a shaft 3, and its reflected light is incident to the photodetection surface 16 of the linear position detecting element to detect a static zero point P. When the shaft rotates clockwise, the photodetection surface 16 shifts in photodetection position to P' according to the prism 14' moved at right angles to the rotating axis QR. An arithmetic circuit 17 obtains a position signal from variation in its output. The position signal is modulated through an oscillator 18 and a modulator 19, radiated by an antenna 20, and received by an antenna 20'. The signal is demodulated by a demodulator 25 to display 28 and 29 the torsion theta. A processor 27 calculates shaft horsepower from the value theta, and the shaft horsepower is displayed 30-33. Thus, compact device with high precision and durability is obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in a torsion meter and a shaft horsepower meter using the same.

Conventionally, as shown in Fig. 1(a), internal combustion engines, steam @,
A dynamometer measures the power generated by a prime mover 1 such as a motor, electric motor, etc., and the power consumed by a passive device 2 such as a propulsion device, generator, pump, or blower. The power is proportional to the product of the rotational power factor and the rotational speed of the intermediate transmission shaft 3 that transmits the power. Therefore, since the rotational speed is measured by a tachometer, the dynamometer can be a rotational power factor meter (torque meter) that simply measures the rotational force of the shaft 3, or a torsion θ of the shaft 3 (see Figure 1 (b)).
) is often referred to as a torsion meter.

A wide variety of torsion meters and shaft horsepower needles (Yajji dynamometers) using torsion meters have been devised, designed and manufactured according to the method, principle, purpose, etc. of measuring the torsion θ of the shaft 3. (Refer to Journal of the Japan Society of Marine Engineers, Vol. 16, No. 10)
The general methods for measuring the torsion θ of the C-axis 3 include the use of a special measuring shaft, and the use of a measuring device 4 (1st +9 (a)) outside the actual power transmission I-shaft 3. The measurement principle (change the angle change θ due to torsion between a certain gauge length jiii L of the d1 axis 3 to a certain half of the position change amount (cc'0cc'-aθ-δ
) (Fig. 1 (1))), this is fixed mechanically, optically, electrically...11, or it is directly measured by changing it to a physical force such as magnetostriction that changes with torque. The measured values obtained through this method can be used to measure the shaft horsepower required for the ship's contract law required for official commissioning, the percentage of fuel consumption of the engine,
Data such as materials related to the rules of similarity between actual ships and model ships necessary for future design, the ratio of fuel consumption required for economical engine operation necessary for operation management, and the maximum efficiency of ship operation and hull and propulsion. 1) Operation by measuring life and shaft output of shaft performance-1
! Data for streamlining the process, management information on the vibration characteristics of shaft systems and torsional vibration, and a huge number of topics.
You can get more.

The shaft horsepower when the prime mover 41 is transmitting power through the diameter of the intermediate shaft 3 is determined by measuring the number of rotations N of the rotating shaft of the passive device 2 and the number of rotations = 3 - power transmission factor (P). The torsion θ (or δ) of the rotating shaft 3, which is generated when the rotational force is outputted from the rotational force 1, is measured using a torsion meter.The torsion θ is determined by Due to the interference effect of
Always accompanied by more and more complicated fluctuations. Therefore, in order to obtain positive iW shaft horsepower in steady operation at a constant rotational speed, it is necessary to use a torsion meter that can calculate the average value of torsion. In the case of the official trial run, the hull will be displayed on Takarasoku and i! The rotational speed N and rotational power factor T of lI]3 are independent and approximately constant. Therefore, average values are obtained for the rotational speed N using a tachometer and the rotational power factor T using a torsion meter, and the shaft horsepower P is calculated from the following formula (first
(See Figure (1))).

P=π2D'GNθ/ 7.2- L ・1. G6-
(i) D゛Shaft diameter clrL) G: Rigidity modulus of shaft body (kg/CrN゛Rotation speed of shaft (rpm) Lo torsion reference shaft length (cm) Torsion between 065 6r4 (rad) 4- However, During a general ocean voyage in the presence of wind and waves, the inside of the ship is shaken, and the rotational speed N i- of the rotating shaft 3 and the rotational power factor T interfere with each other in relation to the ship's maneuvering method and are not independent of each other.Therefore, they fluctuate from time to time. Rotation speed N, rotation power factor T,
and both 4? There has been a demand for a highly accurate, durable, and inexpensive torsion meter capable of measuring temporal changes in shaft horsepower P, which is J (T x N), and for a shaft horsepower meter using the same.

Many torsion gauges are broadly classified into disk type, sleeve type, toroidal type, and other types based on their basic structure, and even relatively new types are l.

It is possible to measure several types, and it is also capable of detecting twists and
They are classified into mechanical, optical, and electrical types depending on the measurement method. For example, Fig. 1 (tc) shows a sleeve-type torsion meter, and Fig. 1 (d) shows a torsion meter of an annular type. , (or ring 8.8') are fixed respectively,
The torsion θ of the shaft 3 during rotation, that is, the minute displacement δ (δ−R
θ) is measured by mechanical, optical, and electrical methods, respectively. Further, with the recent advances in optical devices, it has become possible to directly measure the displacement δ without using a reflecting means in the optical measurement method.

As a conventional example, an annular optical torsion meter shown in FIG. 1(d) will be briefly described.

A metal ring 8.8 is attached to each of the base lines 5 of the length L of the intermediate and intermediate transmission shafts 3.
' is fixed perpendicular to the rotation axis Q, and optical ear 1 S is placed on top of it.
A concave mirror M with a radius of curvature of .
It is fixed so as to be parallel to the center line QR of the rotation axis of the shaft 3. A straight line M X+ that passes through 0 and is perpendicular to the main axis OC
, X2, if a slit-shaped light source sl is placed anywhere on the extension, a reflected image P that is symmetrical and the same size with respect to the 0 point is obtained.

Now, if the shaft 3 is a propulsion device that rotates clockwise, it will twist in the opposite direction, so the concave mirror M will pass through the straight line
The position of M', that is, the main axis OC, moves to 0'C' by displacing δ in parallel to S X2. Therefore, the image of the light source S is symmetrical to O' (moves to '' and clearly PP' = 2a
(The length Llm of the base line 5 is about 0.5 ynm).

This displacement 2δ is magnified by a lens ■, and passed through a special prism G onto the surface of the film rotating at @X'IPIX'2 perpendicular to the rotational direction X, I:'X,, of the rotating shaft 3.
An image P1 can be formed. Like this]
Since the angle θ appears on the plane of the film F ((() by an optical method, the change in the rotational power factor T of the shaft 3 during rotation is
can be obtained continuously α by rotating the film F in the direction of the arrow along with the rotation of . Part 1. The same optical system is mounted symmetrically on both sides of the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 3, and the correct zero point is always determined from the average value of both, and consideration is given to excluding the influence due to the deflection of the shaft 3. . Rotating shaft 3 under zero load
The average value of the image recorded after one rotation left and right by 4t, that is, the recording of static zero, is taken on one side of the film as the reading Δ0 at no load. Next, the change in torsion under load is recorded as the dynamic zero, 〒9, and the average straightness for one rotation is expressed as Δ'. From this, the difference Δ'-Δ0-Δ between the two becomes the -12-direction rotational power factor of phase 7.
− The torsion will be the same. Therefore, if the one-river rotation number of the rotating shaft 3 at the time of is -zN, the shaft horsepower P can be obtained from the following equation.

P=k・Δ N −−−−−−−(2) k, screw υ meter constant Δ: average displacement of image on film surface (mm) N: rotation speed of shaft (rpm) By the way, relative minute displacement δ The annular torsion meter described above, which uses optical methods to magnify the image, has a long basic axis length and requires a large space to install equipment, making it difficult to adjust the equipment.
Installation was difficult.However, in the case of devices that use sleeves, etc., the mechanical elements of the devices are attached, so the mass distribution becomes uneven with respect to the nine rotating shafts, and centrifugal force In addition, because the mass of the light source and the reflecting means is large, it is susceptible to vibration from the outside world, which increases errors.Also, due to the equipment, the width of the slit image of the light source becomes too wide. , it was almost impossible to increase the optical magnification.And since the rotation speed N of shaft 3 was calculated as an average value over a period of 100-0000 0000000000000000000 Depending on the revision, there were many drawbacks, such as the fact that the shaft horsepower could not be obtained until after the test run was completed and the engine was stopped.

The present invention was made in order to solve the problem of conventional conical points as described above, and includes a light source provided on the outer peripheral surface of a rotating shaft so as to face each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, and a light source that reflects the light rays from the light source. and a one-dimensional device detecting element that receives the reflected light from the reflecting means, the element detects the twist of the rotating shaft, and the output from the element is marked I1 to correspond to this. A torsion meter equipped with an external sleeve M that displays and records the amount of twist of the rotating shaft, and calculates the shaft horsepower of the rotating shaft by calculating the amount of twist of the rotating shaft and the number of rotations from the tachometer. An object of the present invention is to provide a shaft horsepower meter equipped with an external device for displaying and recording shaft horsepower. According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a highly accurate, durable, compact, and inexpensive direct-reading torsion meter and a shaft horsepower meter 4 using the same.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. 2nd nta) is an explanatory diagram of the torsion meter of the present invention and a shaft horsepower meter including one of the torsion meters. The measurement principle of torsion and shaft horsepower is the same as the conventional measurement principle. In other words, the displacement between the light receiving position on the light receiving surface of the reflected light when the rotating shaft 3 is not loaded and the light receiving position on the light receiving surface of the reflected light when the rotating shaft 3 is loaded is determined by the rotation, twisting of the shaft 3, It is proportional to the rotational power factor (torque) T. Therefore, this displacement is detected and extracted as an electrical signal, which is used as the torsion amount, and the product of this and the rotational speed (rotational speed N) of the shaft 3 at that time is processed by an arithmetic circuit to obtain the temporal change in the shaft horsepower P. La Lulu.

Based on this measurement principle, the torsion meter according to the present invention and the shaft horsepower meter using the same are as shown in FIG. 2(a).
A device part 10 (inside the tomb line) mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating intermediate transmission shaft 3 and rotating together with the shaft 3, and this device 10
External device section 11 (dotted chain line) or
1' (within the two-dot chain line). Various connection methods can be used, such as optical, mechanical (for example, slip connector), radio modulated waves, etc., but in order to reduce the number of connected signals and transmit signals more accurately,
A certain amount of preprocessing circuits are mounted on all the axes 3 and a connection method using radio modulated waves is adopted.

As shown in FIG. 2:a, the device section 10 includes a metal ring 8 fixed at a predetermined distance (20 to 30 degrees) along the base line 12 in the longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the rotation axis QR of the shaft 3. A light source (for example, a helium-neon gas laser or a semiconductor laser emitting device) 13 and a right-angle prism 14 or a two-way right-angle prism 15.
(Fig. 2(b)), or a reflection means using a corner cube instead of a right-angle prism, and a -dimensional position detection element (PSD) disposed adjacent to the light source 13.
: position sensitive detect
tor), a processing circuit 17 that calculates the electrical signal from the light receiving position of the light receiving surface 16, an oscillator 1B and a modulator 1 for transmitting the electrical signal, and a modulated electrical signal emitting device. The antenna 20, the light source 13, and the power supply device 21 supplying power to each device are compact and compact.

A PSD is a one-dimensional semiconductor device detector, and for example, Hamamatsu TV's S 1 352 consists of a uniform resistance layer of a P layer on the surface of a flat silicone, and electrodes are provided on both sides. The photocurrent is divided proportionally according to the distance between the electrode and the light spot, and the difference in photocurrent from the two electrodes can accurately represent the distance between the electrode and the light spot in real time. The position of a linearly moving light spot can be output as a continuous electrical signal. However, it is a planar type P I IN photodiode that has high sensitivity in a wide wavelength range, excellent positional linearity and positional resolution, has a fast response speed, and can simultaneously measure light intensity and positional signals. This Sj) consists of a one-dimensional light receiving section 16 and three electrodes 22-24, as shown in FIG. The incident light is applied to a position proportional to the twist θ of the support 3. And the distance between electrodes 22 and 23 is /! (Resistance value@,
l), the distance from the electrode 23 to the receiving position of the incident light is X(
If the resistance value is aX ), then the incident energy of light is f
As a proportional photocurrent of 7, the electric current from the light receiving position
Inversely proportional to the low resistance Rx up to 2.23], it is 1' per minute and is defeated from electrode 22.23. That is, the total current To generated by the incident light and the direct current taken out from the electrode 2.23 are IA.

As IB, IA-(L-x)・■o/l, IB=x
−T, /l. And then, the relationship between IA and IB
+1] (■A7IB), the ratio of the difference (IA-IB) (IA
-IB)/(IA +IB) is calculated, and the output ■
. is (IA-IB>/(IA+IB)=1-Kx,
(K=Vi). In this way, a position signal whose linearity is proportional to the light incident position 11t is obtained regardless of the incident energy.

The external device 4 section 11 includes a receiving antenna 20' and a device section 1.
A receiver and demodulator 25 that receives and demodulates the modulated wave from 0
, an analog display 2B showing data on the demodulated torsion θ (torque "f" proportional to the torsion θ), and a digital recorder 29.

Further, the external device section 11' includes an antenna 20', a receiver,
″01 Adjustment 25 and the torsion θ()a obtained by complimenting
A processing device 27 that arithmetic processes a signal regarding the torque T) proportional to the torque θ and a signal regarding the rotation speed N from the shaft tachometer 26, and an analog or Digital display and recording device 3
It consists of numbers 11 to 33. and equipment section 11.11
'Ft is provided with a power supply device 34 for supplying power to each device, respectively, and the 'Ft grandchild device 34 and the power supply device 21 are slip-contacted via a planar 35 provided on the shaft 3.

The device section 10, 11 (or 11) configured in this way
') operate as follows as the shaft 3 rotates.

First, 4 by power supply 21.34! A predetermined power is supplied to the r device. First, the laser beam emitted from the light source 13 is transmitted through a right-angle prism 14 (or a 21-piece right-angle prism 15.15" (% 21d(b
) ) ) and is received at the light receiving position P of the light receiving section 16 to measure the static zero point. If the joint shaft 3 rotates clockwise, the prism 14' (
6 or 1.5' (second iZ) mountain)) displacement cc'(
-δ), the light receiving position on the light receiving surface 16 is received at P', which is displaced by 2δ (or 4δ). Then, the displacement X (
Fig. 21: Position signal vo = (1
-Kx) is obtained by the arithmetic circuit 17. This position signal ■. ) is modulated through the oscillator 1Q and the modulator 19, and the modulated signal is emitted by the antenna 2g to the device 11 (or +411J antenna 21)'. The signal received via the antenna 20' is
The signal is demodulated by the receiver and demodulator 25, and becomes a position signal (i).

This signal is a symbol for the torsion θ (torque 'P relative to the torsion θ), and this signal is displayed on the analog display 2.
8 and a digital recorder 29, and the respective data are displayed.

Also, the torsion θ (torque 11 j relative to the torsion θ)
The signal 1') is input to the processing device 27 of the device 11', and the signal of the rotation speed N from a shaft width meter 26 separately installed on the shaft 3 is input to the device 27. Then, the device 271 calculates the product TxN of the torque T and the rotational speed N and outputs the temporal change in the shaft horsepower P. i%l+ obtained in this way
The data of shaft horsepower 11 rotation speed N regarding 3 is continuously displayed on the analog display 30, 32 and the digital recorder 31.
．． The resulting cheetahs can be fed to other Isohara.

As is clear from the above embodiments, in the torsion meter according to the present invention and the shaft horsepower meter using the same, a light source is provided oppositely in the longitudinal direction on the outer peripheral surface of a rotating shaft, and a light beam from the light source is emitted from the light source. The device is equipped with a reflecting means for reflecting light and a one-dimensional position detecting element for receiving the reflected light from the reflecting means, and the twist of the rotating shaft is detected by the element, and the output from the element is applied. , a torsion meter having an external device for indicating and recording the corresponding amount of twist of the rotating shaft, and
The shaft horsepower meter is equipped with an external device that calculates the shaft horsepower of the rotating shaft by calculating the amount of torsion of the rotating shaft and the number of rotations from the tachometer, and displays and records the shaft horsepower, so it is highly competitive. The torsion meter is durable, lightweight, compact, and inexpensive, and for example, during test runs between mileposts, shaft horsepower P can be directly read each time, and data including normal, abnormal, and transient phenomena can be obtained using a torsion meter. The shaft horse-dynamometer can be provided.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1! , a) is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between a prime mover and a passive device connected via an intermediate transmission shaft, Figure 1 (C) is an explanatory diagram showing the torsion of the intermediate transmission shaft, and Figure 1 (C) is Explanatory diagram showing a conventional sleeve type thread gauge, No. 11. Xl (d) is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional optical torsion meter and a shaft horsepower meter using the same, and FIG. Explanatory diagram, Figure 2 (b)
Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of a reflector using two plane mirrors.
C) is an explanatory diagram of the arithmetic processing circuit of the -dimensional position detection element (P8D7). ...Light source 14.14', 15.15', 15"...Reflection means 1
13...-dimensional position detection element 17... Arithmetic circuit 1B... Oscillator 19... Modulator 20.20'... Antenna 25... Receiver -Demodulator 26...Axis width meter 27...Processing device 28.30.32...Display device 2! ], 31.33 ...Recorder agent Patent attorney Moritani -Yu

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A light source provided on the outer circumferential surface of a rotating shaft so as to face each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, a reflecting means for reflecting the light from the light source, and a reflecting means for receiving the reflected light from the reflecting means. An external device equipped with a one-dimensional position detection element, which detects the torsion of the shaft by the element, and displays and records the corresponding amount of torsion of the shaft upon application of the output from the element. A torsion gauge characterized by being provided with. 2. A light source provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft so as to face each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, a reflecting means for reflecting the light PL from the light source, and a one-dimensional position detection element for receiving the reflected light from the reflecting means. and an external device is provided which detects the torsion of the shaft by the element, and calculates, displays and records the corresponding shaft horsepower of the shaft by applying the output from the element. A shaft horsepower meter characterized by: