JPS59500928A - Nuclear radiation measuring device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Nuclear Radiation Division measurement equipment and methods For military and social defense, as well as for meeting industrial and personal requirements. There is a need for cost-effective, rugged, and long-life dose rate meters and dosimeters.

Its application is in nuclear power plants and radioactive material processing plants where radioactive materials are removed. Monitoring of excessive irradiation based on Emi and John, and decisive in nuclear war The goal is to monitor doses and dose rates in order to make decisions. gamma ray measurement Although there is a primary need for measurement of nuclear radiation, there are also needs for measurements of other nuclear radiation. Dosimeter measures the total accumulated dose during subsequent readings.

The most widely used dosimeters are not user readable. they are correct Must be used in established laboratories. Only this measurement method can read 9 Suitable for use when the dose rate does not cause excessive irradiation within a certain period of time . However, this situation is not satisfied in emergency situations. If the dose rate is guaranteed If not, the dose rate will be required to be measured. Geiger counter is 01'1 or 1 It is used until the time when it is used. However, the high For high dose rates, ion chambers are selected.

Conventional dose rate meters are not ideal for certain uses. gaiga counter Ion chambers and ion chambers are electronic devices that can weigh up to several pounds and contain hundreds of cubic meters. It typically has a volume of inches. Also, since these are electronic devices, they are usually 50 Batch IJ with a battery life of 500 to 500 hours is used. Battery life is This will limit the use of this type of equipment for future emergencies. Also these The device is sensitive to shock from rough movements and the high The high cost limited the number that could be used in an emergency. terrible radiation conditions Under the Act, dosimeters as well as dose rate meters are also used for people working in emergencies and afterward. Necessary for medical procedures. Although dosimeters with high measurement ranges exist, Most of the information cannot be read by the user.

Therefore, improved dose rate meters and improved dosimeters can also be used to reduce radiation exposure in emergency situations. It is effective against the following.

Conventional technology There are a few prior art techniques that are similar to this invention.

Liebson's U.S. Patent A 2.966.589 is an opaque The case, the scintillation material installed in it, and the radiation emitted by the A device having a reference source and an eyepiece is disclosed. The reference light source above is radiation exposed to a field of gamma rays, whose brightness is considered to be within the safe limit. It has the same brightness as the scintillation device. Using the Liebson measuring device mentioned above. Some people look inside the case through a lens, and the scintillation device generates a reference beam. Either it is brighter than the original source and unsafe, or it is darker than the reference source and unsafe. Determine if there is, or if it is at the border.

Although the Leveson invention is useful, it does not deliver quantitative output. purely qualitative output alone is not sufficient.

The dose rate that is considered the maximum that can be accepted depends on the situation. under high urgency In some situations, workers (d) may be restricted at higher dose rates than in the environment under the desired loading rate. It is necessary to do the work for the given time. By knowing the dose rate mathematically , the allowable irradiation time can be determined.

Greer U.S. Patent No. 3,191,033 is also related to this filing. location is disclosed. Gulya's invention (bow 2, a sink installed in an opaque case) It has a cooling device, a light absorption means and an eyepiece. Libson equipment As well as the device of the present invention, the user wears a lens surrounded by eye protection. Observe the scintillation device through lenses 4. Guryano cassettes have a reference source. I haven't. In this device, the operator moves the light absorbing member to Avoid acknowledging the origin of such things. At this time, the dose rate is determined by the appropriate The scale is readable by the operator.

The problem with Gulya's invention is that it involves the operator's eyes. Suna: b-darkness The texture of the skin determines the above reading. The percentage of darkness and the best reading that can be obtained are different for humans and dogs. It's different, and it's not always the same between people.

As a result, the accuracy of Glya's design, the size of the measured value, and the error that exceeds it. may occur.

This invention provides a dose rate that does not exceed the limitations of Libson's or Gulya's devices. The object of the present invention is to provide a meter and a dose side that can be read even by a user with a low level of skill.

Prior art filed by applicant includes U.S. patents numbered below: 2,652,499 2,747,132 2,84], 7152.913, 603 2,938,121 3,061,7243.239,665 3,5 41.3], 1 3.586, 8563.728, 543 3,911,28 3 4,000,2524.059,765 Summary of the invention means sensitive to nuclear radiation, a standard light source, and light from the standard light source and the radiation sensitive means; Adjust the level of light that reaches the observer's naked eye at 1, where the luminous intensity level of is virtually the same. Apparatus and method for measuring total nuclear radiation, including means for measuring nuclear radiation.

Brief description of the drawing FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dose rate meter 11tlj constructed according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a means for increasing the scintillator luminous intensity.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the electrical control device for luminous intensity matching.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of light intensity control using polarization.

Figure 5 is a graph showing the nupectol transminion through various filters. be.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate two further embodiments of the light intensity control means.

FIG. 8 shows the shape of a fixed filter array.

FIG. 9 shows the shape of the readout for the device of the invention.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment [Fl] that utilizes internally reflected light control for intensity matching.

Figures 11 and 12 are schematic diagrams showing internal and external standard light sources.

Figure 13 shows the enlargement and second source.

detailed description The present invention provides a photometric method to enable accurate and rapid optical d1 constantization of nuclear radiation. It is characterized by the use of chiming. Figure 1 is based on the present invention. a W Here is a specific example of cumulative*”l.The main components are wrench 1/eating device 1, standard quasi-gensha 22, luminous intensity matching means 3, and lens 6, all of which are opaque. It is placed within Turf 8. Anno e-char 9 and eye guard 7 in turf 8 The user looks at the lens 6 and determines the luminous intensity of the scintillation device 1 and the standard light source 2. can be observed and compared.

The tunneling device 1 includes a luminescent material and other components described below. luminescence A certain portion of the nuclear radiation energy absorbed in matter is transformed into visible light; A portion of the original leaks out of the sintering device 1 and travels towards the lens 6.

The higher the nuclear radiation dose rate, the more sources are emitted by the scintillating device 1. be done. The standard light source 2 also emits a light source, and a certain part of it is directed towards the lens 6 at a 9° angle. Rating device 1 and standard light source 2 are installed optically separated into 4 parts by annium. Why can no source from either meaningfully affect the luminosity of the other? do not have.

The user of the dose rate meter 1 collects the instrument using the lens 6":z'7, and in general (l) Scintillation device 1 and standard light source 2 are not on the same level. Discover. Part 1. For hand users, there are 3 optical matching methods, 1; The luminous intensities of the quenching device 1 and the standard light source 2 are made almost the same.

In the example shown in Figure 1, the absorption can be changed as in the variable density filter in Figure 1a. The luminous intensity is determined by rotating the device across the front from the standard light source 2 to the lens 6. adjustment can be achieved. For those skilled in the art, the device for changing absorption from rotary to other forms Obviously, modifications may be made within the spirit or scope of the invention. Also, in Figure 1, The luminous intensity matching means 3 performs luminous intensity matching not only on the members contributed to the original beam. It includes a shaft 4 on which a member is placed and a knob 5 for rotating this shaft 4. I'm here.

When the quenching device 1 and the standard light source 2 appear to have the same luminous intensity, that is, the state If the luminosity matching means 3 has a separate step as close as possible to the , the user should measure the radiation dose on the appropriately graded scale 10 attached to the case 78. Read the rate. In FIG. 1, scale 10 is positioned directly below adjustment knob 5. In FIG.

The example shown in Figure 1 above is Epson and Gray. r) No equipment restrictions. (j7) Fisi equipment is quantitative and Liebson does not require preliminary adjustment of a suitable limited exposure rate as in the invention of .

of two objects sufficiently to make accurate measurements over a wide range of radiation dose rates. It is possible to compare the luminosity. The degree of dark addition is scintillary. This affects the visibility of the light source and the standard light source, but the adaptation of the naked eye should be visible. to compare and adjust their luminosity if sufficient for two objects. Moderate effect on visibility: Accuracy and reproducibility of measurements by the present invention are It is superior to that of the equipment.

This invention is extremely small compared to a Geiger counter or an ion chamber. It can also be made light and extremely sturdy.

The detailed description of the invention provides a detailed description of each part of the invention that can be modified in various ways. Ru. It is possible to create effective instruments that can be operated by combining possible modifications of each part. can.

Scintillation devices can use organic or inorganic scintillation materials. Ru. Organic scintillation substances are large and include anthracene and naphtha. Contains many pure crystalline substances such as phosphorus or mixtures of these substances. Ushida organic type For example, a liquid obtained by dissolving a solid M fluorescent material in an organic solvent such as toluene is used. A zolanutic compound incorporating a shaped M contact material and a scintillation substance by dissolving or dispersing it. There is a product.

Any organic scintillator can be used as a dose rate meter. However, plasti The block type is the most preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to manufacture. economically available One drawback of plastic scintillators is that they have wavelengths that are lower than the optimum wavelength that humans can see with the naked eye. It emits a fairly short wavelength. However, in plastic scintillators, humans Scintillation substances or these substances that produce a green color close to the peak of the spectral sensitivity of can include a combination of In addition, economically available blue-producing plastics are also available. This can also be done by using a fluorescent material that emits green color in combination with a light oscillator. Economic Although the quantum efficiency of the plastic scintillator is slightly lower, visual observation due to the combination Facilitation has an effect that exceeds this point. It is possible to use wavelength converting fluorescent materials. Wear. This is the transparency ( transparency) on a standard plastic scintillator It can be applied to a surface or used in wafer form.

Inorganic scintillators have a higher density than organic scintillators, and they Energy absorption per degree volume is large. In addition, inorganic systems use the absorbed energy as The conversion efficiency is high. These can be used in the peak emission wavelength range and therefore Easy to visually inspect. - Inorganic systems have a slight drawback of their high refractive index. . However, this results in the removal of a small fraction of the original within the scintillation material (t wrapping) can be reduced by appropriate surface treatments and the use of appropriate reflective materials. It will be done.

For example, inorganic fluorescent materials such as cadmium tungstate have the highest output power. bring about Therefore, a compact and most sensitive instrument can be produced.

In addition, for gamma rays and X-rays, zinc tungstate and bismuth germaneto ( bismuth germanate) f is used. Thallium activated iodide Umum is also suitable, but requires mechanical protection. Ni abium activated lithium iodide is effective for neutron dose rate measurement.

The advantage of using organic scintillator materials for gamma rays and X-rays is that they The gamma ray absorption cross section as a function of energy has a corresponding curve for biological tissue. This is extremely appropriate for Bu. Inorganic scintillators generally contain at least one Contains two high atomic number substances. Therefore, the gamma ray absorption cross section at low energy product is disproportionately high. If the energy shedding torque of gamma rays to be measured is always the same, If so, the incompatibility of the crystal response to the tissue dose should be corrected within the instrument. Can be done. It also applies when the radiation to be measured is always within a narrow energy band. can.

However, in general, the discrepancy in cross-sectional area curves is caused by measurements using inorganic scintillator materials. A certain degree of error will occur if the The necessary tissue dose correction is achieved by inorganic scintillation. This is done through the use of a high atomic strange substance surrounding a cationic substance. Random Koni/Ben The sweater has a port that prevents excessive attenuation of very low energy gamma rays. - Made of lead or tungsten with a thickness of ~2 mm.

The design of the H4L capacitor (is the range of energy vectors, the The geometry of the radiation source is made according to the characteristics of the crystal and the source material. . Figure 1c shows the wide distribution of gamma overlapping torques. The inorganic crystalline crystal 11 with the atomic number of G, which is used for Includes data. A system having a sensor with a crystal 11 The quenching material is shown in FIG.

The compensator is open in the viewing direction. Top 12 and bottom are approximately 2mm each Holes 13, 14 are drilled with a thickness of approximately 10% of the crystal surface area.

Also, the sides 15.16 and the closed end 17 are approximately 1 mm thick; Holes 18 and 19 are perforated in the crystal, which correspond to approximately 10% of the side area of the crystal.

The above discussion focused strongly on gamma and X-edge measurements. However, this invention It can also be used to measure other radiation. If full, please use a suitable material such as plastic. Europium (Eu) activated by lithium iodide surrounded by moderators ) By using k, the line edge of the neutron can be measured.

The scintillating substance, which does not pass alpha and beta rays very well, Measurements can only be made when the radiation reaches the target. Compositional dose compensator or absorption in thin cases It has many effects. Bonding with a sweet and opaque case] By providing a window, Beta sensitivity can be easily added to the machine syndilator gamma 111. .

The slit is covered f) by an adjustable beta shield to filter out beta radiation and If necessary, only gamma radiation can be measured using a Geiger counter or an ionization chamber. It looks like this.

Alpha sensitive dosimeters are made similarly. Scintillate sensitive to alpha radiation The gamma-sensitive material should be thinner than the gamma-sensitive material required for practical use. The windows in the opaque case must be extremely thin. organic or inorganic Any scintillator can be used. Alpha sensitivity is beta sensitivity In the same way as giving susceptibility to the organic scintillator device in the Gamma IIS KC meter, can be added. However, in this case, consider that mechanical damage will be more likely to occur. There is a must.

Rather than adding beta and alpha windows to gamma-sensitive scintillation equipment, There is a small thin fixed window made of its own material in the corner of the case as shown in It is a good idea to add a small special purpose scintillation device. beta The shield 27 rotates the bottle 28 fully, and the beta scintillage is turned on. By exposing the thin window area of the case, the beta scintillating device 20 The light is relayed forward through the light tube 26.

In the case of organic or inorganic scintillation substances, especially organic ones, as shown in Figure 2, Pay careful attention to the size of the scintillator, the choice of reflector-1 geometry Therefore, it is possible to increase its brightness.

As shown most clearly in Figure 2, the plasticity/teasing material is , when used as a compact detector, a fairly long a-nod or fi It is made in the shape of 2 and is wound into a coil 22. The plastic elements serve as suitable sources. The source output per unit area at the viewing end is on the order of size or a short millimeter. increases in proportion to that of the meter.

Organic or inorganic′+! ! All of the lJ qualities are cylindrical or have other shapes 2 as shown in Figure 2. 3, the dimensions of which are larger than the desired visible surface 24 and cover the desired visible area 24. Everything except that is reflected. to the reflector 25 surrounding the scintillating object M23. The light emerging from the aperture 24 is obtained from a cylindrical scintillator having the same length as the aperture 24. O is often brighter than the Furthermore, dosimeters generally come in two types, electronic output type and radioisotoso output type, depending on the light source. 0 readout means are generally divided into external dial type and internal direct readout. It can be divided into two types: The brightness adjustment means also generally depends on the light source. It is divided into input control method and observed source control method.

Input control means by the light source can only be provided by an electronically output reference light source therefore, the readout means are generally limited to those of the external dial. Shining If the intensity adjustment means is controlled by the observation light, the reference light source output Either type can be used with any lead-out means.

Radioluminescence reference sources are attractive but basic in this invention. isn't it. A large number of electrons 7] device can be used as a reference light source, which is a light emitting diode Including lights, electroluminescent film equipment, Ganu Houki lamps, and incandescent lamps. . Incandescent lamps, etc. are equipped with a band panel that adjusts the color according to the color of the anti-inflammatory substance. Requires a spectral filter, which facilitates the visible brightness adjustment process .

If an electrically powered reference source is used, integration of the electrical output source in the device is required. It is. This is because this type of equipment 1d is used in a state where it is divided into several parts. There is no need to rely entirely on line output. Directly replaceable and re-charging A chargeable battery (such as a solar cell) can be used. In this case, try again. Yardable batteries can be recharged from line output, Photo I router cells, etc. Ru. These are known as publicly known techniques.

Several techniques are available for brightness adjustment. Scintillation device or reference light Any particles from the source can in principle be reduced by adjusting the brightness. Reference Hikaru To decrease the brightness of the scintillator, reduce the brightness of the scintillator to It is desirable to reduce programming time and reading errors.

In principle, radioluminescent sources (separable radioisotopes and scintillators) This luminescent substance element has a geometrical positional relationship with the radioactive isotope. ! il: Adjustment or interposition of a variable shield between the radioisotope and the radioactive isotope. and controlled by. However, the most practical and economical radiation route in existence today is Minescence devices use tritium as an energy source. tritium suna In other words, tritium emits extremely low-energy beta particles, which usually cause a phosphorescent film to form. This tritium is sealed in a small glass tube coated on the inside. The phosphorescent material film emits light due to the tium. This type of tritium is used as an energy source 2. Although it is difficult in practice to control energy manually for light sources that Control is possible by using energy radioactive substances.

Control of the input energy can be achieved by a reference light source with electrical energy. No. Figure 3 shows a device powered by a battery and controlled by a potentiometer.

Power from battery 31 is applied to resistor 32 and port when switch 35 is closed. The light flows through the tension meter 33 to the reference light source 34 . The potentiometer 33 above has a resistance value high enough to prevent unnecessary drain current of the battery 31. If so, the 35 switches mentioned above would be unnecessary. In this case, the potentiometer 33 By adjusting the resistance to the maximum, the light source 34 can be almost turned off. Wear. In addition, semiconductor control with high energy efficiency can be used instead of the potentiometer described above. A container may also be used.

In addition, other types of reference light sources or scintillation devices may be used in the observation optical system. Brightness can be adjusted by adding or subtracting a portion of the emitted light that reaches the Ru. This attenuation can be done in a continuous or stepwise variable manner as detailed above with respect to Figure 1. This can be done using a neutral density filter. As shown in Figure 4. Alternatively, fixed side and rotating side polarizing members may be used.

The rotating polarizing member 43 is rotated by the shaft 44 in relation to the fixed polarizing member 42. In addition, a portion of the light emitted from the light source 41 and reaching the observation system (not shown) is adjusted.

Spectral filter brightness adjustment techniques may also be implemented. Gradual variable speed The spectral filter is similar to the 211 tral density filter shown in Figure 1. Ru. In other words, when the filter 3 is rotated, the cutoff wavelength becomes continuously higher or higher. The lower sector is located in front of the light source. The entire operation of this filter is shown in Figure 5. . A sector with transmission characteristics as shown by curve 5 represents light with a spectrum as shown by curve 52. is not transmitted. A sector with a transmission characteristic as shown in curve 53 has about half the original total transmission. , and the sector of the transmission characteristic of curve 54 transmits most of the original. It's ox, it's humid Any number of additional steps may be implemented using multilayer interference filter techniques.

Using neutral density filters, polarizing filters and spectral filters The brightness adjustment means that were used were described above as rotating mechanisms, etc., but there are also Any variations thereof are clearly considered to be part of or part of the present invention.

Further, an alternative means of spectrum control is shown in FIG.

The interference filter 62 is rotated around an axis 63 that intersects laterally with the source emitted from the light source 61. I can roll. When the filter 62 is rotated away from the light normal, the edge of the transmission curve moves toward the better side of the wavelength, and the rate of transmission changes.

Instead of a spectral filter, a pure glass plate as shown in Fig. 6 is used. Transmission can also be controlled.

If the glass plate 2 is rotated far away from the vertical direction of the emitted light, the plate The source transmitted through light 2 varies from very high to low values at normal incidence.

Another way to adjust the brightness is to adjust the aperture as shown in Figure 7. There is. To adjust the a-gucha 72, bring it close to the internal lens 73, The brightness of the image 74 of the light source 71 seen by the observer through the eye lens 75 is adjusted.

Adjusting the brightness also moves the reference light source and reduces the diffusion in case the original light path changes. The fact that the brightness on the NuClean is 1 compared to the reciprocal of the square of the optical path may be used.

The brightness of the screen is compared to the brightness of the scintillation device. of this concept The deformation array includes a fixed reference light source and a movable mirror, prism, or Including those with lenses.

As shown in Figure 8, a group of filters with different ozotecal densities are used. Therefore, it is possible to replace the adjustment filter array as shown in FIG. can make the reference light source sufficiently large. You can also use filter play instead of this. A window is formed on the top, and this window is equipped with different spectral filters and glass plates at different angles. etc. may be inserted. Ushida, adjustable anno e-chaff 2 in Figure 7 There may also be a group of hard-working P-chas.

These brightness adjustment techniques are not necessarily limited to wide-range brightness adjustment and precise brightness adjustment. cannot be realized with a small device. Electrically controlled devices are advantageous in this respect. . Use a device that uses optical attenuation, such as a neat neutral density filter. It is preferable to combine the brightness with a mechanism that precisely adjusts the brightness. with The Lenz-limited problem is particularly problematic in fixed array filters. Coarse When combining all the brightness adjustment mechanisms for adjustment and g adjustment, use the same type or different types. It is important to have a different type of attenuator.

Regardless of the choice of reference source and luminosity matching means, some kind of scale adjustment means is provided. must be For example, all fixed resistors 32 shown in FIG. Calibration is accomplished at the factory by input energy controlled luminous intensity matching means. can be A small fixed 21 tral filter is used as a deformation column. added to the ventilation equipment. In special cases as a standard for emitted fluorescence It is a fine incremental filter for making money. er) can be added to the device. Equipped with a screwdriver adjustment, this provides an initial scale adjustment, followed by a correction for radioactive source decay. .

Visually adjust the gamma rate from a high level to a relatively low level depending on the ambient light level and the darkness of the eye. It can be measured depending on adaptation. For low levels, use an electronic amplifier. It can be extended to a fairly low level by adding Figure 3 pu o7 As shown in the figure, the source from the scintillation device 131 is a photodiode. 132 is irradiated. The signal from this photodiode 132 is sent to an operational amplifier. 133 , and the amplified signal energizes a light emitting diode 134 . view The observer can use either the amplifier gain control or luminosity matching techniques described above. By matching the brightness of the diode 134 with the luminous intensity of the reference light source 135, There is.

This amplification system provides sufficient luminosity regulation to be easily counted when radiation dose rates are low. A regular pulse is generated to generate a certain glow in the scintillation device.

In this situation, the observer must count the pulses within a predetermined time or Measure the time required to randomly count a number. The radiation dose rate is It can be related to the approximate counting rate in the same way as the i-count. well designed The luminance matching device is operated in pulse counting mode and provides a wide detraction range. The Rukoto.

For devices operating only at low dose rates, the reference source and luminous intensity can be measured in pulse counting mode. The matching means can be removed. Only a limited number of counts in seconds are reliable. Because they are differentiated based on gender, two or more of different sizes and different count rates may be used. It has become clear that it is preferable to use a scintillation device with gold ing.

Light amplification is useful, but it is essential for Marne multiple mode operation. It's not a thing. Choose the crystal properly and pay close attention to the original derivation. If so, it will be possible to generate individual Mars values without amplification. Eyes suitable for seeing all dark areas Below some minimum energy we will see a non-increasing pulse of substantial energy at You never see the pulse below. Pulse counting is better done by amplification. Ru.

The choice of readout is partially dependent on the luminous intensity matching means. Input power control @ light intensity If desired, the external lighting system can be Naturally, it is read out on the file. Other luminous intensity matching devices can be either external or internal. is read out.

Figure 9 illustrates an in-person internal readout technique. Set of double and fine filters Although a combination is shown, it may also be composed of a single filter. luminous intensity match In the process, the observer performs the following tasks.

1. Set the fine filter wheel 92 to maximize the Sakai passthrough and adjust the illumination area of the filter. Read xol on the top line.

2. Set the coarse filter 9.1f and use the illumination filter as a scintillation device. 93 Yoshi also gets dark.

3. A curved triangle illuminated by a reference light source placed behind the filter ring. Paddy filter 91 until area 94 appears brighter than scintillation filter @93 Adjust.

4. The illumination area of the filters 91 and 92 and the luminous intensity of the scintillation device 93 are Adjust the fine filter 92 with matching trenches as far as possible.

5. The 2x10 stack shown in Figure 9 which means 20 rents per hour Read the combined numbers.

This type of readout can be achieved using a 211 tral filter or a spectral filter. This is done using a discrete optical attenuation system such as a filter, a polarizing filter, or a pond. Ru. For maximum readout with a neatral filter, use a fine filter. The low density high multiplication sectors of the tar wheel 192 and the coarse filter wheel 191 are indicated by transparent numbers. should be attached. The optically dense sectors of the coarse filter wheel 191 are optically should be given a low density number.

Direct internal reading 9 parts, variable incidence angle partial reflector and interference filter type phototitle Japanese hand This can be achieved by stages, as shown in FIG. variable angle plate 102 Most of the radiation not transmitted through the beam is reflected at an angle dependent on the angle of incidence. reflection The emitted light is projected onto the internal scale 106, which is transmitted through the auxiliary mirror yos to the eyepiece. 104 makes it visible to the observer. This technique uses a flat glass plate It is more effective to use an interference filter. reflected from the glass plate The light is extremely small at high dose rates, where rapid reading is preferred. . This rotation does not occur in reflected light readings associated with variable incidence interference filters.

A substantial portion of the spectrum is Even when exposed to light, it is almost fully reflected.

Direct internal reading is also possible with a variable optical path similar to a degree harmonizer. be. Changing the optical path length also changes the illumination area. Transparent numbers are divergent scree appears in an aperture plate in which a hole is provided. Therefore, changes in optical shape occur on the board. The arrangement of illumination at is varied and the reading k is varied.

The container may be made of any suitable construction material such as metal or plastic. It is possible to create a group of people. A simple eyepiece is usually sufficient for an observing system. Ru. To protect the moon from injury and eliminate sources of confusion in the surroundings, a Mebo trap is used. It is preferable to use

FIG. 11 shows an example of an implementation array using a radiation dosimeter according to the present invention. basic radiation Dosimeter element 111 permanently alters the optical transmission in response to the absorbed dose of nuclear radiation. I can become pregnant. This invention allows the inventor to determine optical transmission, and Therefore, at any time the total dose absorbed by the device can be determined using a special independent dosimeter reading. It is possible to make a determination without using a sampling device or a dosimeter photoelectric device. do.

Transmission measurements are performed by photometric harmonization. The reference light source 112 is the luminous intensity harmonizing means 11 3, the source is sent to both the dosimeter 111 and the light beam 1111. Ru. The output ends of both the dosimeter element 111 and the source pipe 1111 are covered with a protective covering (not shown). After removing the opening 119 in the eye protector 117 and the lens 116f You can see it. The internal structure and surface treatment of the container 118 is similar to that of the dosimeter element 1. 11 and the original leak on the side other than the original pipe 1111 and the constituent members of the pond. When the scattered or reflected light is viewed through the aperture 119 and the lens 116, Dosimeter elements 111 or It is now impossible to enter the former pipe 1111 again.

In the example of FIG. Consists of a double annular variable transmission filter disk rotated by a knob 115 be able to. One ring, the inner term in Figure 11, is the element on dosimeter element 11. The ring on the Ushidaike side controls the incidence of light on the light beam 111.

The inner ring of the filter disc has very little or no transmission area and a larger area with high transmission. Submit specific areas. Low transmission areas are used for continuously operating standards, e.g. radiation sources. If light source 112 is used, dosimeter element 111'f is shielded from unnecessary sources. It is provided to cover the area.

What if an electrically driven reference light source 112 is used and a switch is provided? , or the dose B-F element 111 corresponds to a low level of illumination from a continuous reference light source. The entire inner ring 1 may be omitted from the light intensity adjustment means if it is not sufficiently sensitive. be able to.

The outer ring rotates 1130 times with the help of a recess 115 and an axis 114. of different transmissions that allow the user to change the apparent luminous intensity of the source pipe 1111 due to Contains a fan. Dosimeter elements and original or Eve 1111 equal or extremely Equal luminous intensities are observed by the user, who then selects the appropriate The transmitted sound is read from the scale 1110 . The user then selects the end for convenience. A dose vs. transfer diagram or table plate that can be attached to the cap is used to monitor the total storage. Determine the product dose.

Reference light trace and luminous intensity harmonization means detailed in 1] Implementation of dose rate meter 1 Possible modifications are also possible in the implementation of the dosimeter of the invention. Dosimeter A further modification of the embodiment is as shown in FIG. You can make it up. The basic difference between Figures 1j and 12 is that In FIG. 2, the reference light source 122 is filtered through seven vectors of apertures 1213 and 12. 14-, and the second opening allows the user to It is covered by an end cap (not shown) except when reading.

The aperture 12 described above is used to irradiate both the dosimeter element 121 and the original pizo 1211. A single filtered aperture can also be used instead of 13 and 1214. .

In this case, the support member and the original channel element 122 must be partially changed. do not have.

The user must remove the end cap and remove the device from either the reflected or the radiated source. towards the nearest source, and in a manner similar to the internal reference model shown in Figure 11. and harmonize fC, degree.

This external reference model dosimeter is smaller in size and cost than the internal reference model. Although the structure is simple, all changes can be considered part of the invention and are not included in a single package. such as a combination dose rate meter/dose cutter in a package.

lλshi4 Fθ4a Procedural amendment Month 3, 1980 Mr. Kazuo Wakasugi, Commissioner of the Patent Office 1.Display of the incident PCT/US83100611 , name of invention Nuclear radiation measuring device and method 38 Person who makes amendments Relationship to the incident: Patent applicant Name: Bernstein, Carl Country II! :Investigation report

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Provide means to respond to nuclear radiation: Set up a reference source: While observing the source from the reference source and the nuclear radiation response means, The apparent radiation from the nuclear radiation response means reaches the observer's eye until the luminance above becomes substantially equal. reach the original adjustment amount Nuclear radiation measurement method consisting of: 2. Said adjustment involves changing the apparent brightness of only the reference source. The method according to claim 1. 3. A movable means for changing the original absorption across the reference light source during observation of the reference light source. 3. The method of claim 2. 4. It includes changing the output of the reference light source during observation of the reference light source. The method according to claim 3. 59. The request includes changing the dimensions of the aperture through which the original output of the reference source passes. The method described in item 3 of the scope of the request. 6. The method according to claim 2, which includes reflecting light from the reference source. Method. 7. The method according to claim 3, which includes polarizing the source material. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein said variable absorption means comprises a filter. 9. Providing radiation level indicating means and observing the indication thereof following said adjustment. Method 0 according to claim 1, comprising: 10. The nuclear radiation sensitive means permanently alters optical conduction in response to the radiation. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: 11. Provide a nuclear radiation response means that responds to nuclear radiation and emits visible light: Set up a reference source: While observing the source emitted from each light source, the brightness of the light from each light source is The light from the source reaches the observer's eye from one side until it is equal to ! pond light source light make an adjustment for Nuclear radiation measurement method consisting of: 12. The light sources are optically isolated from each other, and both light sources have the appearance of a normal light source. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method prevents substantially affecting the brightness of the image. 13. The above adjustment involves changing the apparent brightness of the reference light source only. 12. The method according to claim 11. 14. A movable hand that changes the original absorption across the reference source during observation of the reference source. 13. The method of claim 12, comprising a step. 15, including changing the light output of the reference source during observation of the reference source; 14. The method according to claim 13. 16. A request including changing the dimensions of the aperture through which the light output of the reference light source passes. The method described in item 13. 17. Claim 13, which includes reflecting light from the reference light source. How to put it on. 18. The method of claim 13, including polarizing the light. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein said variable absorption means includes a filter. 20 Provide a radiation level indicating means and observe all indications thereof following the above adjustment. 12. The method of claim 11, all inclusive. 21 The request includes providing tissue dose compensation means for the nuclear radiation sensitive means. Nuclear radiation sensitive means provided within the housing means according to claim 11; and: reference light source means provided within the housing means; allowing a user to simultaneously observe sources from the reference light source means and the nuclear radiation sensitive means; A useless means of observation; provided within the housing, the reference light source means and the nuclear radiation sensitive means; means adjusting the brightness until the brightness appears substantially equal to the user. step by step A nuclear radiation measuring device comprising: 23. The adjustment means is a variable light absorption means that is moved with respect to the one light source. 23. The apparatus according to claim 22. 24. The device according to claim 23, wherein the variable light absorption means is a variable density filter. Device. 25. a rotating shaft extending through one wall of said housing means and on which said filter is mounted; 25. The device of claim 24, including the entire shaft. 26 when maintained by said housing means and said luminance becomes substantially equal; Claim 25, which includes indicating means for non-reading in proportion to the nuclear radiation range. Apparatus described in section. 27. The device according to claim 26, wherein the adjusting means includes the entire polarizing member. 28, a circuit extending through one wall of said housing means and on which said eccentric M is constructed; 28. The light source includes the entire axis of rotation, and the one light source is the reference source. Device. 29. The adjustment means is an adjustable aperture through which light from the one light source passes. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, comprising: 30. The adjustment means includes a plate through which light from the one light source passes, and a plate and a plate through which the source from the one light source passes. Claim 22 all encompassing means for changing the angle of incidence between elements from two light sources. Apparatus described in section. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the plate is an interference filter. 32 Provided inside the housing means to receive the reflected light from the interference filter. The scope of the claim includes means for indicating the reflected light, and means for causing the user to observe the reflected light. Apparatus according to paragraph 31@,. 33. The nuclear radiation sensitive means is capable of causing permanent damage when the optical transmitter is exposed to nuclear radiation. 23. Apparatus according to claim 22, including all means for changing. 34. The claim that light from said reference source passes through said nuclear radiation sensitive means during observation. The device according to scope 33. 35. Claims including a source tube that couples the source from the light source to the observation means The device according to paragraph 34. 36 Housing means through which nuclear radiation can pass; provided within the housing means; nuclear radiation sensitive means for providing visible light in response to the nuclear radiation; and: the housing. reference light source means provided within the housing means; observation means for simultaneously observing the principal from the source means and the nuclear radiation sensitive means; ; provided between the observation means and the light source, the brightness of the light from each of the light sources is provided to the user; means for adjusting the brightness until it appears substantially equal to the brightness; A fully equipped nuclear radiation measuring device. 37. The adjustment means is a variable light absorption means that is moved with respect to the one light source. 23. Apparatus according to claim 22. 38. The device according to claim 37, wherein the variable light absorption means is a variable density filter. Device. 39. a rotating shaft extending through one wall of said housing means and on which said filter is mounted; 39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein said one light source is said reference source. Place. 40 The brightness of the light source is provided outside the housing means and adjacent to the shaft. an indicating means for performing a readout proportional to the nuclear radiation when the nuclear radiation becomes substantially equal; 40. The apparatus of claim 39. 41. The apparatus according to claim 36, wherein the adjusting means includes a polarizing member. 42, extending through the housing means and enclosing a rotating shaft on which the polarizing member is mounted; 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said one light source is said reference light source. 43. The entire rotating shaft extends through one wall of the housing means and on which the member is installed. 43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the one light source is the reference source. 44 The adjustment means has an adjustable aperture that allows light from the one light source to pass through. Apparatus according to claim 36, LA. 45. The adjustment means includes a plate through which light from the one light source passes, and a plate and a plate through which the source from the one light source passes. Claim 36, which includes means for changing the angle of incidence between two light sources; Apparatus described in section. 46. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the plate is an interference filter. 47, reflection light from the interference filter provided inside the housing means; Claims encompassing an impressive indicating device and means for allowing a user to observe the reflected light 47. The apparatus according to paragraph 46. 48 When the luminance is maintained by the housing means and becomes uniformly equal, Claim 36 including indicating means for performing a readout proportional to said nuclear radiation. Apparatus described in section. 49. Claim 4, wherein said indicating means is located inside said housing means. The device according to item 8. 50. Claim No. 50, wherein said indicating means is located outside said housing means. The device according to item 48. 51. The apparatus according to claim 36, comprising tissue dose compensation means. Western style - (no change in content)