JPS594725Y2 - Simple water generator - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a simple water generating device for emergency purposes such as when an aircraft makes an emergency landing at sea, when a ship is lost at sea, and when a small vessel such as a yacht or boat is put into service.

When a normal aircraft makes an emergency landing at sea, a lifeboat is automatically prepared and the passengers are temporarily rescued, but if the aircraft is discovered for a long time, it is naturally forced to stay at sea.

The same applies when a ship sailing on the open sea is in distress.
Even if a person is temporarily rescued by a lifeboat or raft, they may be forced to stay at sea for a long time.

In such accidents, it is necessary to secure drinking water, but there is a risk that not being able to secure drinking water when the surrounding seawater is trapped can lead directly to death.

The same thing is true not only for accidents, but also for ocean voyages by yachts and boats, sea fishing, etc., which are often carried out these days, and securing drinking water is important and necessary in such cases as well.

In addition, although aircraft and ships are equipped with individual life preservers for each crew member and passenger, there are currently no water generators available, and a simple water supply device attached to rescue or other equipment is still necessary. It is something.

What these environments have in common is that they are extremely easy to operate, are simple, lightweight, small, require no power source other than human power, do not require the use of electrical energy or fuel, and are highly resistant to breakdowns. However, there is a need for a water supply system that can be used for a long period of time.

The object of the present invention is to provide a water dispensing device that does not require any power source other than human power, is lightweight, compact, and trouble-free, and is extremely easy to handle.

The present invention provides a membrane-permeated water collection chamber separated by a partition wall from the membrane-permeated water side of a cell equipped with a permeable membrane capable of separating membrane-permeated water and concentrated liquid, and the membrane-permeated water side and the membrane-permeated water side are separated from each other by a partition wall. The water collection chamber communicates with the water collection chamber through a communication port provided in the partition wall, and the communication port is provided with a check valve that opens to the membrane permeation water collection chamber side while membrane permeation is in progress, and the membrane permeation water is connected to the water collection chamber. This is a simple water production device characterized by a water collection chamber that is open to the atmosphere, and by allowing the cell to settle in water, the water pressure becomes the driving force for separation, and fresh water is obtained on the membrane permeation side. It is something.

In this invention, the driving force for membrane permeation is water pressure, which is a natural energy that can be easily obtained by inserting a cell equipped with a membrane into the sea, and does not require any power source. The device does not require any additional equipment and can be extremely lightweight and compact.

Particularly, the disadvantageous feature of the present invention is that the membrane permeated water collection chamber is opened to the atmosphere as described above, and furthermore, the membrane permeated water collection chamber is connected to the communication port provided in the partition wall during normal membrane permeation. A check valve that opens on the room side was installed.

By doing so, extremely large effects can be obtained, as will be described in the next embodiment.

To explain the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings, in the first illustrated example, a cell 3 has a permeable membrane 1 with a flat plate structure capable of separating membrane permeated water and concentrated water supported by a pressure-resistant water-permeable support 2.
A membrane permeated water collection chamber 5 communicating with the membrane permeated water side 4 is provided inside, and a check valve 7 that opens only to the membrane permeated water collection chamber 5 side is attached to these communication parts 6.

Further, one end of a pressure-resistant communication pipe 9 is connected to the connection part 8 of the cell 3 that opens into the membrane permeated water collection chamber 5, and the other end is made of sufficient length and opened to the atmosphere.

In the figure, 10 is a net that protects the permeable membrane 1, 11 is a chain, and 12 is a weight for cell sedimentation.

Assuming that fresh water is obtained from seawater, the salinity of seawater is about 3.5%, and the osmotic pressure is about 25 kgf/cm2.

The cell is equipped with a reverse osmosis membrane with a high salt removal rate of about 99.9 to 98%, and by submerging it to a depth of 280 to 300 m or more, the water pressure becomes higher than the osmotic pressure. A reverse osmosis phenomenon occurs, desalination progresses through the osmotic membrane 1, and fresh water permeates through the support 2 and reaches the permeated water side 4 of the membrane.
Furthermore, the permeated water flows through the check valve 7 into the membrane-permeated water collection chamber 5, and when the water collection chamber 5 is full, it also enters the communication pipe 9.

Thus, after a predetermined period of time has elapsed, the cell 3 is pulled up above the water surface, but while membrane permeation is occurring due to water pressure, the check valve 7 is closed.
is open to the membrane permeated water collection chamber 5 side, but the water pressure on the membrane surface decreases as it is raised above the water surface, and when it reaches a depth of about 250 m, which corresponds to the osmotic pressure of seawater, the reverse osmosis phenomenon becomes virtually impossible. At a depth smaller than this, forward osmosis occurs from the membrane permeated water side 4, and the membrane permeated water begins to permeate to the outside through the osmotic membrane 1, causing water movement, and here the check valve 7 The cell 3 closes naturally and prevents the fresh water in the cell 3 from permeating through the support 2 and the osmotic membrane 1.
A significant amount of the water that permeates through the membrane is pulled up to the surface of the water.

In the second illustrated example, a membrane permeate water collection chamber 5 is formed separately from the cell 3 to be pressure resistant, and is communicated with the membrane permeate water side 4 of the cell 3 via a check valve 7. , its operation is similar to the first illustrated example.

The example shown in the third figure is an example in which an external pressure hole tube type membrane is used as the permeable membrane 1. A membrane permeate water collection tube 4' is installed inside the support 2 inside the tube, and the water collection tube 4' is connected to a check valve 7. Through the membrane permeate water collection chamber 5
The operation is the same as in the first illustrated example.

In addition, the water collection pipe 4' and membrane permeated water collection chamber 5 in the third illustrated example are as follows:
As shown in the fourth illustrated example, communication can also be made at the bottom of the membrane permeated water collection chamber 5.

In this way, in the present invention, by providing a check valve in the communication passage between the membrane permeation side and the water collection chamber that opens to the water collection chamber side when membrane permeation is progressing, the membrane permeation water and water level can be controlled. Even if the osmotic membrane becomes higher than the osmotic membrane installation site and the osmotic membrane is completely immersed in the membrane-permeated water, the check valve operates at the time of salvage, and the seawater side Because there is no backflow to the membrane, almost the entire amount of permeated water can be pulled up and used. Moreover, since the permeate side has no relation to whether or not the permeate membrane is immersed, the arrangement of the permeate membrane can be extremely arbitrary. Since the membrane area can be made sufficiently large, it is possible to spray water very efficiently.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the water collection chamber 5 that communicates with the membrane permeated water side 4 is open to atmospheric pressure through the communication pipe 9, so that the water pressure when introduced into the water to be treated can be used extremely effectively. .

For this reason, in the present invention, the effective membrane area per unit volume is increased and water pressure is used effectively, so that fresh water can be efficiently permeated through the membrane, and even during salvage, the benefits can be obtained through membrane permeation. Almost all of the membrane-permeated water can be recovered and used without any waste.

Note that many organic and inorganic membranes, including acetyl cellulose and aromatic polyamide membranes, can be used as the permeable membrane used in this invention, but it is not suitable for desalination purposes such as when producing drinking water from seawater. When the purpose is to remove turbidity, a reverse osmosis membrane is used, and when the purpose is only to separate turbidity, a microporous membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane may be used.

Various types of membrane structures are used, such as a flat plate membrane, an internal pressure or external pressure type tube membrane, a filament membrane, a hollow fiber membrane, a rod type, and a glue-type membrane.

In addition, when obtaining drinkable water from seawater, it is best to use a membrane with a high salt removal rate.In this case, the pressure needs to be at least 28 to 30 kgf/cm2, so it is better to use a membrane that has a high salt removal rate. In the case of simply removing suspended components, the permeation membrane may be a microporous membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane, and a water depth of several meters to several tens of meters is sufficient.

In the case of lake water, it varies depending on the amount of dissolved salt in the water, but
To obtain desalinated water, a distance of several tens of meters is sufficient.

In any case, the water depth depends not only on the osmotic pressure of the solution but also on the characteristics of the membrane, so it should be determined taking both of these factors into account, and the water depth should be determined at a pressure that is at least the difference between the osmotic pressure of the solution and the osmotic pressure of the water that permeates through the membrane. The depth of the water must be such that this can be achieved.

In addition, the communication pipe between the membrane permeated water collection chamber and the atmosphere should be pressure resistant.
The communication pipe may be independent from or bundled with the cell suspension network, or the communication pipe itself may also serve as the suspension network. It can be provided not only on one side but also on both sides or more, or in a ring shape covering the entire circumference.

With this invention, it is possible to easily secure the necessary drinking water even when surrounded by seawater, and it is possible to create a highly safe tool with fewer breakdowns, and moreover, it does not require any external power source. The necessary drinking water can be easily obtained by simply submerging the water into the water, and the fresh water obtained can be pulled out of the water while being properly contained and prevented from flowing out of the system. It can be realized with an extremely simple configuration and can be an excellent water dispensing device.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing still another embodiment, and Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment. 3 is a part of a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the communication portion between the water collection pipe 4' and the water collection chamber 5 in the example shown in FIG. 1... Permeable membrane, 2... Support, 3...
...Cell, 4...Membrane permeated water side, 4'...
...Water collection pipe, 5...Water collection room, 6...
Communication portion, 7...Check valve, 9...Communication pipe.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A membrane-permeated water collection chamber is provided, which is separated by a partition wall from the membrane-permeated water side of a cell equipped with a permeable membrane capable of separating membrane-permeated water and concentrated liquid, and the membrane-permeated water side and the membrane-permeated water collection chamber are separated from each other by a partition wall. communicates with the membrane through a communication port provided in the partition wall, and a check valve is provided in the communication port that opens toward the membrane permeation water collection chamber while membrane permeation is in progress, and the membrane permeation water collection chamber A simple water generating device characterized by being open to the atmosphere.