JPS5945449A - Toner for developing electrostatic image - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an electrostatic image developing toner suitably fixable by the heat roll fixing system, by using for a binder a graft copolymer of an unsatd. polyester contg. a component insoluble in tetrahydrofuran. CONSTITUTION:A graft copolymer contg. 5-90wt%, preferably, 10-50wt% tetrahydrofuran-insoluble component is obtained by condensing an equiv. amt. of polyol with an unsatd. polybasic acid, such as unsatd. dibasic acid having an unsatd. bond of C=C, and graft polymerizing a vinyl monomer with this obtained unsatd. polyester. An electrostatic image developing toner is obtained by using this graft copolymer as a binder, and dispersing a colorant and other necessary component additives into the fine particles of this binder. Said tetrahydrofuran-insoluble component is meant by a component remaining insoluble in tetrahydrofuran in 1g/100cc mixing ratio after being thoroughly stirred at 25 deg.C.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on 1t1, child γr Naoshinho Shizuichi, printing method, Shizum,
Gi! Are you talented in recording methods? Silence τi1.
(: This relates to toner for JTJ and fψ H images.

In general, toner f is developed by static T [1, but 100 (! is so-called consisting of a binder, a coloring agent, etc.) -J-.
First, this toner image is fixed as it is or is fixed on a sheet of paper or the like at a distance of 11'. As for this fixing method, the glaze method (σ) is known11, but in particular, the contact heating fixing method used in the JJII heat roller fixing device, etc. is superior to the non-contact heating method used behind the hot plate fixing device. It is excellent in terms of high thermal efficiency and high speed. It is preferable because it can be worn.

However, in such a fixing method using a heating roller, the toner must be reliably softened and fixed at the heating temperature, and a portion of the toner may adhere to the heating roller, resulting in the so-called "metsett" phenomenon. It is necessary to prevent this from happening.

As a technique for solving such problems, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 134652/1983 discloses the use of a toner that uses a resin made by mixing a low molecular weight polymer and a high molecular weight polymer as a binder. It is written in jl, t. However, although this tree is effective in preventing the occurrence of the 1,17 nut phenomenon because the binder contains a high molecular weight polymer, it has a high softening point, resulting in a considerably high fixing temperature and a Otherwise, fixing cannot be carried out, and therefore more energy is required, and it takes a long time to preheat the heating roller, and the heating roller is required to have great heat resistance and durability. There are many practical problems. In order to lower the softening point of the toner, if the ratio of low molecular weight polymerization (4=) in the U1 binder is increased by 'A', the glass transition property of the binder will be lowered. Autumn point is low 1”L-
``Tai-na-tai-sho-5-daka ki-gen-hei ni ni ni ni ni ni'', ut/kanaru.

On the other hand, in Special Publication No. 51-23354, it is stated that
11,1. To stop the image from I(/j, crosslink t1/
(It is mentioned in the MV that resin is used for toner binders, l-1, but Metsu Hit J1/Elephant 1 (]!
If the cross-linking of jiIJ fat is increased with the culm 1θ undergrowth, which is required for positive fr,
1. ,! As I(r becomes higher and u'+, the same problem as in the case of the dove mentioned above occurs. Sl! Ge, the resin has a ball-dimensional structure?ilr, and the crushing force t is 1446゛) t, it is not possible to manufacture toner ηi efficiently.

- 1. Polymer-fixed type combination as mentioned above or resin resin (J non? - When the toner sound is used, the degree of strain and deterioration of the heating roller is large and the offset phenomenon of the heating roller occurs.
4-L Make it easy (- Sorry. Even in this case, in order to prevent the offset phenomenon from occurring, it is recommended to supply a releasable mail such as silicone mail to the surface of the heating roller. 11, but the fuser is heated and generates an odor that contaminates the inside of the fixing device and requires a mail feeding device in 2.1-2. Become.

The present invention is not based on the circumstances as in DI 10, and its purpose is to have good fixing properties, 2 also have excellent offset prevention f1', and therefore JJII M
It is an object of the present invention to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image that is suitably fixed using a roller fixing and fixing pressure type.

The above object is achieved by a toner for developing an electrostatic image, which is characterized in that the binder is a graft polymer of unsaturated polyester containing a tetrahydrofuran-insoluble content.

Below are some specific details about the present invention. I will explain.

In the present invention, an unsaturated polybasic alcohol such as an unsaturated normal salt X acid having an unsaturated bond due to a carbon-carbon double bond is condensed with a polyhydric alcohol in an amount corresponding to the amount of kneaded to obtain an unsaturated polyester, This unsaturated polyester is graft-polymerized with vinyl-based Mtji, thereby reducing the tetrahydrofuran insoluble matter to 5 to 90% by weight, preferably 7 to 80% by weight, and more preferably 10 to 50% by weight. A graft polymer containing a range of ?:+ is used as a binder, and a colorant and other additives for toner components are added to the fine particles to form a toner for electrostatic and pre-image development. .

Hereinafter, in J-, the tetrahydrofuran insoluble matter and the
1 l Tetra-l nitrofuran 1 (1 (lee) at 25°C
Pour 1 g of sample into the solution and stir for 1' η - 1 minute.

Since the present invention uses a graft polymer such as VJ1 to VJ1 as a binder, Examples or C1 to be described later
As is clear, the following J has one excellent effect? i)
r, sleep.

Therefore, even if the molecular weight is high, the graft polymer of the binder has a softening point Vi (which is very low compared to a resin with an equivalent molecular weight of Since the softening point of the binder is low, even when fixing is carried out at a low temperature of 11 degrees, the toner of the present invention (c) has high fluidity when melted and has a high permeability to particles. Therefore, a large anchoring effect is obtained for group 4, and it becomes difficult to peel off from the paper after fixing.
0 Since the large tetrahydrofuran-insoluble components are removed, the toner of the present invention becomes strong, and after fixing,
The toner that makes up the image will not be partially abraded by friction, causing the image to fade or stick to your hands, etc., and has high releasability when melted, so it can be heated to +f' on the heating roller.
Since there is no C to ff, the occurrence of the Metset phenomenon is prevented.
be done. Furthermore, the graft polymer is located at the isthmus of the molecular chain or OJ1.
Since the toner of the present invention has relatively high elasticity, the toner of the present invention does not crack or peel off due to bending of the paper after fixing.

As described above, according to the toner of the present invention, it is possible to obtain sufficient fixing properties with a low flow rate, and also to obtain sufficient fixing properties.
Not only is it possible to obtain preventive properties, but furthermore, since the presence of low molecular weight components in the binder is not required, the brittleness is low, and therefore, 1) VC1 contamination during pulverization during toner manufacturing process can be reduced. In terms of the impact 1-1 (powder toner release/1) is small, and the toner yield is 1-(
``It is possible to manufacture it at an advantageous rate, and it is good (if Mansen's painting fψ is good).

In addition to the first advantage, non-invention has the following advantages. That is, in the production of binders, unsaturated polyesters are susceptible to radiononol reactions, so vinyl-based Φ
Graft polymerization of M (body) can be carried out advantageously with high efficiency. The small saturated polyester to be grafted onto Therefore, by changing the type and proportion of the unsaturated base acid, polyesters with different glazes with different molecular weights, densities or positions of small saturated groups can be obtained.
Therefore, by selecting an appropriate unsaturated polynisder, selecting the species m of the polyhydric alcohol, and further selecting the reaction conditions '5C and adjusting the molecule R of the graft polymer, a binder having the desired characteristics can be obtained. As a result, favorable properties can be imparted to the toner.

The graft polymer used as the binder of the toner of the present invention is
It contains tetrahydrofuran insolubles in the range of 5 to 90% by weight, and if the tetrahydrofuran insolubles are less than 5% by weight, sufficient anti-offset properties cannot be obtained, and the binder becomes stale, causing aggregation. It becomes easy. On the other hand, the insoluble content of J Torahit stock 7 runs is 90% by weight.
If it exceeds , the toner has a high fixing temperature and a good visible image fΦ. (I can't do anything.

Graph used as a toner binder in the present invention)
The polybasic acid used to obtain the unsaturated polyester, which is the raw material for the 1711 coalescence, contains 5 to 90 mol% of an unsaturated dibasic acid, especially 2
It is preferable that the content is 0 to 80 mol%. If the proportion of the unsaturated dibasic acid is less than 5 mol%, the resulting unsaturated polyester will have few grafting reaction sites, making it difficult to obtain a polyester containing the required proportion of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter. Since the resulting graft polymer has a low molecular weight, a toner using this as a binder has poor abrasion resistance: 51 and anti-offset properties. When the above-mentioned ratio of the above-mentioned agitation exceeds 90 mol%f, H,
The resulting graft-polymerized VF has a large molecular length, so it has a high qi) conversion point, and the resulting VF has poor 5F adhesion.

Unsaturated poly: "Sworke, number average molecule fflMn is 1
．． 0(10~2(+, (10(1), especially 5.0(1(1
~10.0 (weight average of 10 Ashi J) July MW is 3,000~30. (100, especially 5°0 (10=
20.0(1(l), the value M of its degree of dispersion Mw/.

If the number average molecular weight or weight average molecular weight is small, it is impossible to obtain a kraft polymer with a naturally large molecular weight, and the toner is If the scratch resistance and anti-setting properties are low, and if the molecular weight is high, the molecular weight of the graft polymer to which 1!t is applied will be too high, resulting in a high toner & J fixing temperature.

-) The unsaturated polyester has a softening point of 80 to 14
0℃, especially 10 (1~130℃'t').
Preferably it is 0°C. If an unsaturated polyester with a softening point of less than 80°C or a glass transition point of less than 40°C is used, the toner tends to aggregate;
If unsaturated polyester/I- whose glass transition point exceeds 90°C is used, the toner tends to be too hard and have poor fixing properties.

The above-mentioned unsaturated polyester is suitably obtained by condensing a mixed system of an unsaturated dibasic acid and another polybasic acid, preferably a saturated polybasic acid, with a polyhydric alcohol.

Specific examples of unsaturated dibasic acids that are preferably used include maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itafonic acid, and others.2) They can be used alone or in combination. Specific examples of saturated polybasic acids that are preferably used include, for example, tetrachloroanhydride/I/acid, het acid, tetrabromo heptatalic anhydride, heptatalytic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, endomedylenetetrahydro Anhydrous phthalic anhydride/acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, heglypidrophthalic anhydride, succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, heptabasic acid, other saturated salts, trimellitic acid, anhydride
Tri Merit Acid, Pyr1 Merit^9. f
) Irhydrobin-11 mellitic acid and other saturated polybasic acids, which can be used alone or in combination.

Specific examples L1 of polyhydric alkaline compounds preferably used include C, i, 1-ol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanedimer, 1-ol, pig>·
Dimer, diethylene glycol: 1-l, dideropyrene gelicol, triethylene glycol; 1-l, J, 5-intane diol, 1,6-bentanediol, neopendel glycol, hydrogenated bisphenol A1 borimexieza Polyoxypropylene bisphenyl A1 PolyA xypropylene bisphenyl A1 .

In the production of unsaturated polyester, Vi, the above-mentioned necessary components, a solvent, a molecular weight regulator such as benzoic acid, and a reaction catalyst or reaction promoter consisting of a metal compound are added. Conventional methods may be used for production, and the reaction is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of, for example, about 200°C, and the water produced as the reaction progresses is at atmospheric pressure.
, < t: is removed by a condenser under reduced pressure. The progress of the reaction is monitored by sequentially measuring the acid value of the reaction product, and the reaction is terminated when the acid value reaches a desired value.

By subjecting the unsaturated polyester thus obtained to a grafting reaction with a vinyl monomer, a graft polymer to be used as the binder of the toner of the present invention can be obtained. Here is an egg of unsaturated polyester and vinyl monomer.
The combination is 02~1 (1:9!1.8~9(),
<FlO, 5-8: 99.5-.92.

Specific examples of vinyl monomers include styrene, 0
-Methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2
, 4-dichlorostyrene, p-n-butylstyrene, p
-t@rt-butylstyrene, p-n-hexylstyrene, p-n-octylstyrene, p-n-7nylstyrene, p"-n-decylstyrene, 11-n-dodecylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p - Aromatic vinyl monomers such as phenylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, such as methyl acrylate) ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, acrylic acid n-
Okugul, dodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate,
Acrylic acid esters such as ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, 7gonyl acrylate, methyl α-chloroacrylate: mezal methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate,
Propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate,
Isobutyl methacrylate, n-ocdyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhegycyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, 7-ethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methacrylate Methacrylic acid esters such as dimethylaminoethyl acid; vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide, and vinyl fluoride; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propimenate, vinyl benzoate, and vinyl chloride. :
Others can be mentioned.

The following vinyl monomers may be used alone, but aromatic vinyl monomers, especially styrene-based monomers 60 to 9
It is preferable to use a combination of 0% by weight and 4% by weight of acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters, and in this case, softening point, impact resistance,
A graft polymer is formed that provides a toner that is favorable in terms of off-cut prevention and non-agglomeration properties. That is, if the styrene monomer content is less than 60%, the resulting graft polymer will easily soften at low temperatures, resulting in a toner with high ViJP aggregation properties, and if the styrene monomer content is less than 90% %, the resulting graft polymer becomes hard and has a high softening point, resulting in a toner with poor fixing properties.

Grafting of a vinyl single-layer polyester onto an unsaturated polyester of <=t-i can be carried out by a bulk polymerization method, a solution-type method, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, etc. )2 can be used, but among these, suspension polymerization is preferred.

Suspension ■ (When using V<411, usually 0
1 to 5 weight 14% 11 stabilizer water 60 = 9
0 weight 1''?I R1! with Q%j form], unsaturated polyester, polymerization catalyst, molecule 14) regulator, etc. are dissolved in vinyl middle finger body (1st obtained by -2) it Ft> 40 to 10 weight parts of the body solution is dissolved in the medium to 41゛I, and the L-1j1'' polymer solution is suspended in the form of fine particles. The humidity was increased to 50 to 120 Y', and after completing the redischarging step 1, the stabilizer was not removed from the solid material by washing with water and separating from the furnace.

This grafting reaction can be used as a polymerization catalyst such as benzyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, peroxide polymerization initiator, bisbis-sobutyronitrile, etc. Polymerization initiators and other polymerization initiators are used for monomers in the range of 701 to 10. They are also useful as molecular weight regulators, such as dodecyl mercaptan and butane. etc. is 14i it
0 to 10 times f for t body! In addition, in order to make the polymer obtained by grafting have a three-dimensional crosslinked structure, a crosslinking agent can be added to the reaction system, and this 1 is a compound having 2 polymerizable functional groups, such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, derivatives thereof, and other aromatic divinyl compounds, such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate,
Trimethy-11-propane triacrylate, other carboxylic esters having 2 double bonds, and 10% by weight based on 711 bases. It can be within the range of

The binder of the toner of the present invention comprises "double graft 1 [(
It is sufficient that the resin is contained as a main component, and other resins may be contained within a range of 50% by weight of the entire binder. Other resins include polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyurea, epoxy resin, phenol-formalin resin, and others, and these are used alone! f, used by mixing two or more types of the above-mentioned graft polymer kls It is preferable that its melt viscosity at a temperature of 140°C is 104 to 107 voids.
L, yes.

In the toner of the present invention, the binder usually contains X; I (I agent) and other additives. Colorant No. 1 is a dye obtained by separating a suitable pigment. can.

Coloring agents (TEKE, carbon black, Niku R1 dye (C, I. A 5041513), aniline blue CC, I, A, 50405), calco oil blue (C0■0A *ZOEC 1llue 3)
, Chrono\Yellow (C, T.A61409(+)
, Ultramarine Blue (C, T, Ya771, (13)
, Dupont Mail Red (C, 1, A261 (+ 5
Quinoline yellow (C0■.A 47 (+05n,
Medilenepur-chloride, (C, 1, Ji'1520
15N, 7 Talocyanine Blue (C, 1, A74160
malachite green oxalay) (C, 1, A4
2000), Lampblack (C, I-A, 772
66), Rose Bengal (C0■.A45435)
, Koil et al.'s translations, combinations, and others.

These colorants are used in toner as a final product.
It is sufficient to contain it in an amount such that it is contained at a ratio of about 3 to 20% by weight. 1. When preparing the magnetic powder kp described later, this magnetic powder can be used with all or part of the coloring agent 71.

When the toner of the present invention is made into a one-component tree, magnetic powder is contained in the toner, and this magnetic material is a substance that is strongly magnetized in that direction by a magnetic field.
However, it is desirable that it be dark black, have a high 1% content with respect to the resin, be chemically stable, and be easily obtainable in the form of Shiba particles with a particle size of less than 1 μp. In particular, magnetite (triiron tetroxide 2 is the most preferred. Typical magnetic materials include carbon dioxide, metals such as cobalt, iron, nickel; aluminum, cobalt, steel, lead, Magnesium, nickel, tin, zinc, antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium,
Alloys of gold H such as calcium, manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and mixtures thereof; aluminum oxide, iron oxide, silica oxide,
Zinc oxide, titanium oxide and acid form of magnesium'f
! A metal compound containing @ group oxidation east 1 can be suitably used. These C? The content of the toner is 40~
7 () Set the table for ν which will be the nail production amount.

The toner of the present invention includes W1 Mefu7 anti-d agent, and prepolymer i! ＋? I'! , a control agent, a fluidizing agent, or a liquid resin, etc., as a heme 7-set preventive agent that can be obscene, and T can be, for example, a low-molecular-weight polymerefin, with a number average molecular weight of 500 or more.
(, 1, (+ 00, Preferably one with a softening point of 100 to 180°C'!t L,, Yes.

The toner of the present invention is manufactured using a conventionally known method. For example, it can be manufactured by a method in which toner materials are kneaded using a heated roll, heated extruder, etc., and then cooled, pulverized, and classified.

The toner of the present invention can be applied to a selenium photoreceptor with selenium vapor-deposited on a conductive support, zinc oxide, organic A polymer compound containing a semiconductor dispersed (-7) is coated on a conductive monolithic T+ carrier to form a negative band, which light guides m, f'
b 1'rl'; A1 insulation V (Ur1 resin coated on a conductive support) can be suitably used as an image forming part (2) such as a 4-electro recording medium.

In order to form an electrostatic charge image on this pi image 1F formation member -1-, the surface of the image forming part t is charged in a straight line using a band 1, for example, and imagewise side lighting is performed. , a method of forming a VCF image on an image forming member by means such as an electrostatic recording needle or an image flow control If, a pole, etc. may be used.

Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[Made of unsaturated polyester 45] Polyoxyfuropylene-2,2'- was placed in a 3-ton four ITI 7 lask equipped with IHU Ml, Ml, a stirrer, a gas introduction tube, and a flowing content. Add 1720 g of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (5 selenium and introduce nitrogen gas through the gas inlet tube to create a completely inert atmosphere inside, then maintain the temperature at 50°C and add 1.6 g (1 mole) of terephthalic acid. and 392 g of maleic anhydride
A mixture of (4 moles) was added into the container, and then a reaction was carried out at 200° C. for 6 hours.

The water produced as the reaction progresses (5) is trapped and removed by a condenser. After that, the gas introduction pipe and condenser are removed, and the straight air line obtained by the trap f is connected to the thread 41: I-1 While removing the generated water with a trap under reduced pressure, the temperature was further increased to 1 (f 2 (1
Reaction was carried out at 0°C for 6 hours to produce 7k polyester A.

[Lubrication of graft polymer (1)] Unsaturated polyester A 4 parts by weight Styrene 8 parts by weight 2-ethylhexyl acrylic v-) 20 parts by weight Benzo peroxide 4 parts by weight or more - One graft composition consisting of 9 was prepared.

On the other hand, 600 m7 of water containing double h'X% calcium phosphate and 02% by weight surfactant was placed in a (4'1' machine, tA degree order, four tubes equipped with a gas inlet pipe)! 200 g of the graft composition described in 1 was added and suspended at room temperature (by pressing η), and then the temperature was raised to 80°C (- About 8
The polymerization was completed by further reacting for 3 hours at a temperature of 90°C, and after the completion of the 7'/-o reaction, the system was cooled, and the solid was separated in the oven and washed with water repeatedly, and then dried. -1, graft polymer I was obtained. The tetrahydrofuran-insoluble content of this graft polymer I was 48jllt%. [Production of graft polymers (2) to (5)] The graft polymer was In the same manner as in Production (1), 14 types of graft polymers 11 to 1 were produced. Table 1 shows the tetrahydrofuran-insoluble content.

fAt table Examples 1 to 3 Each of the graft polymers I to ■ obtained above 1
(10 parts by weight, carbon black [Mogul R, JR
Mix part heavy M and 2 parts by weight of mail black ['RWJ (manufactured by N Jet Kagaku Co., Ltd.) in a ball mill (7, part 11).
Melt with two rolls at the temperature shown in Table 2.
;Kneaded, cooled and pulverized, further finely pulverized with a jet mill, and classified with a zigzag classifier to obtain an average particle size of 12
Micron toners of the present invention 1-3'fC were manufactured. Table 2 shows the softening point of each toner.

Comparative Example 2 Second types of comparative toners 1 and 2 were produced in the same manner as in Example except that graft polymers IV and (2) were used.

Their softening points are also shown in Table 2.

In the 5-layer N part of each of the toners 1 to 3 obtained as in Table 2, ■- and comparative toners 1 and 2, an iron powder gear rear "DSP" was added.
J (manufactured by Dowa Iron Powder Industries Co., Ltd.) 95 Ni part was mixed to prepare a developer, and a fixability test, an offset test, and a cohesiveness test were conducted using each developer. The results are shown in Table 3.

In the fixation test, the electrostatic charge image formed by the ordinary electron η' straight line method was developed with the above-mentioned developer7),
Hayashi, transferred the toner image from 7u to rf group, -], 1
, a force 11 heat roller whose surface layer is made of Teflon (Polytetraflumeroesalene, manufactured by DuPont) and a silicon gonow surface layer.r KE-13ooR, T, V. By using a fixing device equipped with a compression roller made of ``Shin-Etsu Chemical'' (manufactured by Gyosha), the wire speed was set to 150 4J, and the heating roller was heated to 11 bar. 17, set the heating roller to the temperature of 17 to fix the tree image of n1. The lowest temperature IQ'r)+ at which C fixing was possible was determined.

Also, in the offset 'first, 0i (as in the fixation test, Vc I-, 'r?J, 1 toner (ψ) is transferred to V (1-,
After fixing the tree image with the device, move the transfer paper of white group 7 with the turning lever. Then, the transfer paper is fed to the fixing device 2 and observed whether or not toner stains occur on the transfer paper. The above heating roller setting 1?++' was carried out by varying the degrees.Thus, the lowest set temperature (Ton) at which the cutting blade set phenomenon occurs was determined. In addition, in the stiffness test,
Two series of developers were each placed in a container and left in an atmosphere at a temperature of 60° C. for 24 hours, and the presence or absence of aggregation was examined.

Table 3: The minimum temperature TFI that can be fixed is
q. For the lowest temperature TF2 at which the image area did not collapse even after being rubbed with the same type of paper as the paper, adhesive tape was attached to the copied image,
Image R+I) is the lowest temperature at which no peeling of the toner occurred. Minimum temperature at which temperature set occurs at the beginning of the TOJ test, TO2, tj:
1 o 1. ) 00 When you get confused, it comes from the set / -1゛Minimum +? It is 1A degree.

As is clear from this result, the tree of the present invention; 1.5'
i? %3f
Although the toner has excellent properties (L7'-), if it has too little or too much Atrad.

Claims (1)

[Claims] ζ2- whose binder is a graft polymer of unsaturated polyester containing a small solubility of 1-indetrapidofuran is↑! Electrostatic one-charge image r1J@! toner. 2) The ratio of the tetrahydrofuran insoluble content in the graft polymer K, t, and i is 5 to 90% by weight. Electrostatic, pre-image developing toner 0