JPS5932540A - Signal transmission device on steering operation board - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow a driver to communicate without removing his hand from a steering wheel by using microphones and a key switch on the steering wheel electrically connected through a slip ring. CONSTITUTION:Microphones MC1, MC2 are provided on a steering wheel to convert the voice of a driver into electrical signals, and a key switch 90 is arranged in the same way as that of a push phone. A CPU 80 connected to a key switch 90 is further connected to an FSK modulation circuit 100 and feeds FSK signals to a slip ring SA1. Voice signals from the microphones are FM-modulated and likewise fed to the slip ring SA1, and power supplies of these circuits are fed through a separate slip ring SB1. The microphone key switch is provided on the steering wheel, thereby the driver can communicate with his hands kept on the steering wheel.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a steering operation board signal transmission device for transmitting signals between a device on a vehicle body and a steering operation board near a steering wheel, and particularly, the present invention relates to a steering operation board signal transmission device that transmits signals between a device on a vehicle body and a steering operation board near a steering wheel. This invention relates to a steering operation board signal transmission device that connects an electrical converter. In a vehicle, the steering wheel is the closest to the driver, and it is also closest to the driver's hands, so in order to improve operability, the operation board equipped with key switches for controlling the vehicle's two devices should be placed in the center of the steering wheel. It is preferable to equip it in the department. However, because the steering mechanism that transmits the rotation of the wheel to the steering shaft is complex, it is difficult to wire the signal cable that connects the operation board (steering operation board) installed in the center of the steering boiler and the fixed control unit 1. In order to facilitate wiring, it is necessary to further install a pipe for wiring and/or a sliss ring for connection on the steering mechanism in a manner that does not interfere with the operation of the steering mechanism. These wirings are quite difficult due to limited space. Therefore, the applicant proposed a method (Japanese Patent Application No. 132926/1983) in which the operation board and fixed control unit are connected using a slip ring and a brush, and power and signals are transmitted through the line. Proposed. According to this, the electric power supplied to the operation board and a large amount of information generated from the operation board can be transmitted without using many lines. By the way, when a wireless communication device is installed on a vehicle, the communication device must be installed at a considerable distance from the person making the call, such as the driver. When the talking part is separated from the main body of the communication device and the communication part and the main body of the communication device are connected with a cord, the talking part is removed from the main body of the communication device and brought closer to the person making the call. However, when the driver makes a call, it is necessary to hold a microphone or the like with one hand, so the driver must drive with one hand, which is dangerous. Since the driver has the most opportunities to talk on the phone in a vehicle, it is desirable to enable the driver to talk on the phone safely. The first object of the present invention is for a driver who is driving a vehicle to
The purpose is to provide a steering operation board signal transmission device that allows a person to safely communicate with people outside the vehicle.The second purpose is to faithfully transmit the driver's voice to the communication device without noise, and the third purpose is to The aim is to prevent the structure of the steering wheel and steering wheel from becoming complicated and increasing in volume. In order to achieve the above two objects, in the present invention, an acoustic-electrical transducer such as a microphone and a suinochi means are provided on the operation board on the steering link pole, and a signal modulated by the signal from the acoustic-electrical transducer, A signal modulated according to the operation of the switching means is sent to a control device equipped with a demodulator on the car handle through a transmission means such as a slot ring, and the signal is modulated according to the predetermined operation of the switching means. , applying the electrical signal, ie, the audio signal, generated by the audio converter to the on-vehicle wireless communication device; According to this, the Triver can talk to people outside the vehicle via a wireless communication device without having to carry a microphone or the like.
Even while driving the vehicle, you can safely make calls by holding the steering wheel with both hands. Since the steering wheel is close to the driver, by using a microphone with a certain degree of directional sensitivity, it is possible to eliminate sounds emitted by sources other than the driver, that is, noise. It is possible to output only the driver's voice to the communication device, excluding the audio. ．． ．． Patent application No. 561, F2 filed by the applicant
As shown in No. 92.6, when passing a signal and DC power through one slip ring, it is only necessary to have one system of slip rings and brushes, so the configuration can be simplified.
Since noise is likely to occur in the transmission path, the S/N (signal noise) of the transmitted audio signal is likely to deteriorate. Therefore, one preferable embodiment of the present invention! In this system, two systems of slip rings and brushes are provided to connect the wooden body of the car and the steering operation board, and the system is connected through the slip rings and brushes of the first system. The electric power from the on-board battery is sent to the steering control board, and electrical signals including audio signals are transmitted through another system of slip rings and brushes. Pickpocket. By forming the springs concentrically around the steering axis, multiple transmission lines can be configured without complicating the configuration. According to this, SZ
To transmit audio signals without reducing the N ratio. ．． ．． ．． Faith. Confirmation of signal reception processing d. Σ Steering wheel operation board In order to control the slow state of rest, there are two operation ports on the main body of the vehicle.
Preferably, a predetermined signal is transmitted to. Therefore, in one preferred embodiment of the invention, a demodulation circuit is provided on the steering operation board. A curved circuit is provided on the binding on the wooden side of the vehicle, and predetermined information is transmitted from the wooden body side of the vehicle 1j to the steering control boat. to transmit. According to this, it is possible to provide a reliable information transmission shell for a while, and to display the vehicle speed and the rotating control tube on the steering wheel control button 1. below. ,．． An embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to a threshold plane. ．． ．． FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the configuration of the embodiment. This will be explained with reference to FIG. In this example, the steering sword -. ．． - (The one operation board includes a constant voltage power supply device 70, a microcomputer unit 80 which is a transmission control device, a key switch 9o, a first modulation circuit, that is, an FM modulation circuit 895, and a second modulation circuit. That is, [
7. ．． lEjK variable s circuit l. (10.FSK demodulation P8
．． 1. ．． I. ．． ．． , O, first acoustic-to-electrical conversion means, i.e., microphone Li (:I, MC2, differential amplifier DF
ΔO1 and relays r之L,I are provided. The microphones MOL and MC2 are placed facing the same direction (toward the driver's mouth) and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.
The output ends of both stations are differentially amplified. 1) Connected to different input terminals of the FA. As a result, Miglophone MC
Since the difference between the sound applied to I and the sound applied to MC"2. is amplified by I).FA, a large output signal is generated with respect to the sound from the arrangement direction of MCI and MC.2, that is, the direction of the driver. In other words, the noise from the side is canceled out, and only the signal corresponding to the driver's voice is greatly amplified and applied to the FM modulation circuit 95. In this 9th embodiment, a constant voltage power supply t 120, a microcomputer unit 139, an F.SK modulation circuit 15 (jl■'..S.K demodulation circuit +60, an FM demodulation circuit 170, a telephone 1゛EL,
Mobile device or telephone, wireless transmitter TRX, connection switching means, i.e., branch connection circuit l10, amplifier 8MF
．． , speaker SP and relay RI-2. F.S. Output end of K modulation circuit 100, FSK demodulation circuit 11
0 input end and F. The output end of the M modulation circuit 95 is connected to the Surinoblinta SΔ1, S[<Modulation circuit 1
50 output terminal, Fs■< input terminal of demodulation circuit L60 and [':. The input end of the %tlI adjustment circuit 1.7.0 is connected to a slip ring S. It is connected to Δ2. Slisoblink S8.
1 and S2 are electrically connected to each other via brushes BAI and BΔ2. Another transmission line, namely slip rings SBI, S・B2 and brush 1i13
], BB2 is connected to the on-vehicle battery via the ignition key switch SW@. It is connected. Fig. 2a shows the vicinity of the driver's seat of a vehicle equipped with the device shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 2b shows the appearance of the steering wheel portion. This will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2a and 2b. There is a telephone on the left side of driver seat 1. 2 is placed on the crotch, and the speaker is placed in front of it. SP is placed. Ste.
The center part of the steering wheel 3 is provided with an operation panel placed floating above the steering wheel 3. The operation panel has 12 key switches O to 9l* and #, which are the same as the push-tone phone, and pawn switches I on both sides.
IsI, l {Sl clear key CLR, hold key HO
LD, CALL/O: MC2 is arranged below a 6-microphone MCI equipped with 7 keys CALL/OFF and a microphone MCI. FIG. 2c shows the mounting structure of the steering pole 3, the steering operation board, and the vehicle body. 2nd c
This will be explained with reference to the figures. The support 38 is fixed to the support 41 and rotatably supports a gear 39. The gear 39 is fixed to the vehicle body. The support 4l is fixed to the steering shaft 40, and the steering wheel 3 is connected to the support 41. The support 4j rotatably supports the gears 39 and 42. 43 is
It is a connecting member having gears 43a and 43b having the same number of teeth at both ends, and is rotatably supported by the support 1-41. Gears 43a and 43b mesh with teeth m39 and 42, respectively. The steering operation board 1 holder 44 and the steering panel 31 are fixed to the gear 42. The gears 39 and 42 have the same number of teeth. If you change this configuration, the steering wheel will turn!
IIJ operation (゛r) means that the operation panel 31 etc. do not rotate. In this embodiment, when the steering wheel 3 is rotated, the sabots 1 and 41 and the steering shaft 1-40 are rotated to operate the steering wheel. is carried out, but the gear 43a
and 431} and 39 and 42 have the same number of teeth, so the relative movement between the sabots 1 and 41 and the gear 39 caused by the circular movement of the connecting member 43 due to the rotation of the sabots 1 and 41! 8. (angle), and support 4l and gear 1
2's 411 vs. transfer! l! +JIn becomes equal and gear 39
is fixed and the IXlr tail 42 does not rotate relative to the gear 39, so even if the steering boiler 3 rotates, the operation panel 31 does not rotate. 45 is a disk fixed to the wooden body of the vehicle, and metal slip rings SA2 and SB2 are formed concentrically on the surface facing the steering wheel 3. 4G is a disk fixed to the steering control board I, and metal slip rings SAI and SBI are formed concentrically on the surface on the gear 42 side. Brushes BAI, BΔ2, BBI, and BB2 are fixed to the steering wheel 3 at positions facing slip rings SAI, SA2, SI3] and SB2, respectively. The brushes BΔ1 and BA2 and the brushes BBI and BB2 are electrically connected. Each brush B
AI, BA2, BB] and BB2 are in contact with each opposing slip ring under the force of a compression coil spring. The slip rings SΔ1, SBI and the steering operation board are connected with lead wires. The steering shaft 1-40 is grounded, and the ground line of the steering boat and the steering shaft 40 are electrically connected. Figures 3a and 3b show the configuration of the electric circuit on the steering operation board. First, explanation will be given with reference to FIG. 3a. The key switch 90 is the computer 8
0 output boards 1-PI to P5 and four manipulator ports 1-P6 to P9 are configured with a large number of switches connected in a matrix.The contacts of these switches are connected to the It opens and closes by operating a predetermined part of the operation panel 31J.The FSK modulation circuit +00 is connected to three output ports 1 to 1]-0, Pll and P12 of the input side shell microcomputer 80, and outputs Slip ring SAI at the end
It is connected to. The FSK modulation circuit 100 has a counter C
ot, D type゛Flynobuff mouth knob Fl, I''2, Number 1-Ge 1~NΔ1-NHa5, Inverter INI~IN
S, transistors Ql, Q2, etc. The FSK demodulation circuit 110 has an input end connected to the slip ring S1, and an output end connected to the microcomputer 80.
Input ports 1 to P13k: Connected. FSK demodulation ii! 3110 is Schmitt trigger s'
rl (MCI.4583 manufactured by MOLICTORA). Counter CO2 (Mo1-Rolla MC.14018), Co3
, NAND gate NA6~NA19, inverter TN6~
It is composed of TN22 etc. The FSK demodulation circuit 110 is divided into functions: S"l"l, F3, F4, F5, F6
, NA6, NA7, IN6 to INeo, etc., external input priority circuit, F7, CO2, F8, NA8 to NA16, and IN11 to IN+7, F9
, FIO, NA17, IN18 and IN+9, and Fl1, Fl2 . CO3,N
AI8. It is composed of a frequency discrimination circuit consisting of NAI9 and IN'20 to IN2'2. A buzzer BZ is connected to the output port P14 of the microcomputer 80 via an inverter, and a relay RL1 is connected to the output port 315 via an inverter. Referring to FIG. 3b, one of the contacts of the relay RL is connected to the power line from the slip ring SB1, and the other contact is connected to the constant voltage circuit RE2,
It is connected to RE3, RE4 and RE5. 3-terminal constant voltage circuit R. The output terminal of the power supply circuit consisting of a capacitor and the like is connected directly to the power supply line of the electric circuit of FIG. 3a. Note that RIE3 uses a switching type constant voltage circuit (C
P4801) and generates a stable voltage of ±+2V for the operational amplifier. Microphones MCI and MC2 are connected to a differential amplifier DFΔ composed of seven operational amplifiers. A high-pass filter l-IPF constructed using an operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the differential amplifier DI"8. A low-pass filter constructed using an operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of IIl) l. An LPF is connected.The output of the low-pass filter LPF is amplified by the output of the amplifier Δλ, and applied to the input terminal Audioin of the FM modulator FN.IM via a capacitor.The human power terminal of FtAM A
A predetermined DC bias voltage is applied to udioin by a variable resistor VRI. The variable resistor VRI sets the center frequency of the FM modulated wave. The FM modulator FMM is made of one integrated circuit, and the FM modulation circuit 95 is made up of the FMM and electric coils, capacitors, resistors, etc. connected to each terminal of the FMM. The output C of the FM modulator FMM is connected via a capacitor to the slip link SΔ1. Figures 4a and 4h show the electrical circuit of the device on the vehicle body side. Referring first to FIG. 4a, the microcomputer 30 includes an FSK modulation circuit 150 and an FSK modulation circuit 150.
A demodulation circuit 160 is connected. FSK modulation circuit 150
The output terminal of the FSI demodulation circuit 160 and the input terminal of the FSI demodulation circuit 160 are connected to a slip linter SΔ2. FSK modulation circuit 1
The configurations of the FSK demodulation circuit 100 and the FSK demodulation circuit 160 are the same as those of the FSK modulation circuit 100 and the FSK demodulation circuit 1lO, respectively.
It is made the same as This will be explained with reference to FIG. 4b. The constant voltage power supply circuit 120 is equipped with an electric coil CI-IC for high frequency blocking.
One end of the HC is connected to the on-vehicle battery via the ignition key switch SW, and the other end is connected to the sleeve ring SB2. The input end of the FM demodulation circuit +70 is connected to a slip ring SA2. The FM demodulation circuit 170 includes a ceramic filter CFT, an integrated circuit FMD for FM signal demodulation, a low frequency amplifier AM1, and the like. FMfl adjustment circuit 170
Power is supplied through the contacts of relay RI,2. The output end of the FM demodulation circuit 170 is connected to the contact of relay R5. The amplifier AMP connected to the speaker SP is connected to the clipper CLP. Low frequency amplifier AM2 and power amplifier PΔ
It is composed of The power amplifier PΔ has an output 1-lanceless (○TL) configuration. The input end of the amplifier AMP is connected to the j contacts of the relay R2. Connected to the other board 1 of the microcomputer +30 are a branch connection circuit 180, a transistor for controlling a horn drive relay R6, and an inverter for driving a buzzer BZ. The branch connection circuit 180 includes telephone iTEL, mobile W! IJ machine'rRx, FM demodulation circuit +7
0 and an amplifier 8MP are connected. Telephone 1fiTE
In the L block, DI is the dial code output terminal,
CP is]. 200 baud cloth pulse output terminal, PS is power on/off control input terminal, CI is regulation instruction signal (rc
z: call available, "1": call disabled) input end, HK is a hook signal (on-footer/off-hook) output end, T is a transmission audio signal output end, R is a reception audio signal input end, and POW is a power supply end. +4K'l and HK2 in mobile TRX
are both footer signal input terminals. The branch connection circuit 180 includes relays Rl, R2, R3 (
RL2), R4 and R5, which are controlled by a microcomputer 130. The general operation of the FSK modulation circuit 100 (also 50) will be described with reference to FIG. 3a. The input end of the FSK modulation circuit 100 is connected to the output port PL of the microcomputer 80.
A pulse signal with a constant period (T/4) is applied from O. The counter COI divides the frequency of this pulse and generates a pulse signal with a period of 1'' at the output end Q2 and a pulse signal with a period of 2 times at the output end Q3. The pulse signal with a period of 2T is sent to the FSK demodulation circuit 11, which will be described later.
Also applied to 0. Output baud 1-P of microcomputer 80]. ] is the output end of the data to be transmitted. The flip-flop F1 outputs a high level (I-{ for data ``1'', high level I-{ for data ``OJ'') according to the data from port I) 11 in synchronization with the rising edge of a pulse signal with a period of 2T applied to the clock input terminal CLK. The low level ■-, ) is set at the output end. Therefore, if the theta is [l], the output end Q of F] becomes II, and the NAND gate NΔ
A pulse signal with period 'r from Q2 of c01 appears at the output end of NAND game 1/N△3 via 1, and the data becomes ``
0, the output of Fl becomes L, and the NAND game
A pulse signal of 2T period from 03 of C○1 appears at the output terminal of number 1-game 1-NΔ3 via 1-NΔ2. Macro computer 8o output 1-I]+2
outputs a signal that controls output permission/prohibition of the r"SK signal to the transmission line. Ports 1 to 12 are high level II
At this time, in synchronization with the pulse of C○1 with an output shift period of 2T, the output terminal Q of the FRISOBFROSOB F2 becomes a high level I{. As a result, games 1 to NA4 and NA5 open, and NA
The in signal of T or 2T period from the output terminal of NA4,
It is applied to transistors 1 to Q1 and Q2 via TN5, O and IN4, NA5, respectively. At the rise or fall of the signal, either transistor Q1 or Q2 turns on, charging and discharging the charge in capacitor c1. As a result, Surinoblink SAI has
At the rising edge and falling edge of the pulse signal, pulse-like signals of positive polarity and negative polarity are generated. Bow 1~1〕1
2 is at a low level L, the Q of F2 becomes L, gates 1 to NΔ4 and NΔ5 are closed, and transistor Q1
A low level L and a high level positive 4 are respectively applied to Q2. In this state, transistors Q1 and Q2 are both turned off and do not output a signal to slip ring SΔ1. FIG. 5h shows the schematic timing of the FSK frequency discrimination circuit of FIGS. 3a and 4a. The operation of this circuit will now be described with reference to FIG. 5a. A clock pulse with a period of 1/4T from the baud 1-P10 of the microcomputer is always applied to the flip-flop Fil and the clock input terminal CK of the counter C3. The FSK signal from the outside is sent to the J input terminal of F11,
It is applied to the evening lock input terminal of the flip-flop F12. In this example, the FSK signal is data "1"
It is set so that when the data is (high level I+), the period is 1, and when the theta is "0" (low level r-), the period is 2. In the initial state, the counter C○3 is reset to 1-
has been done. FSI<(:”.The issue arrived and FI] j
As soon as the input terminal becomes high level, the Q output terminal of Fll is set to }-1, and the ◇ output terminal of 171l is set to 1, in synchronization with the cross clock (i''/4). counter CO
3 Nori cents are released and counter C○3 is crossed (
'F/4)'s count 1- is started. FSK signal is ゛I
``If lap+U+, counter C○3 is 0.1, 2.3
After counting 1, the FSK signal becomes I-1, and
The counter C3 is reset to 1 again. At the same time, the level of the input terminal D, that is, 1! is set at the output terminal Q, so a high level I corresponding to data "1" is outputted to the output terminal of FI2 as a demodulated output signal. When the FSK signal has a 2T period, counter CO3 counts 0, I, 2, 3, 4.5, and at count 5, applies a reset 1 signal to flip-flop Fil via NAND gate NA19 and inverter 1N22. do. Fll is thereby recessed, the output terminal Q is set, and the output terminal σ is set to I4. This resets the counter CO3. And then F
When the SK signal goes to high level I1, the flip-flop F
12 sets the output level L of Fil to the output terminal Q, that is, the demodulation output terminal. Therefore, when a predetermined FSK signal is applied, this circuit demodulates the signal and outputs data. However, if noise similar to the T-period FSK signal is applied to the frequency discrimination circuit, the Q of the flip-flop F5 becomes H in response to the noise, and a high level ■] is output as the demodulated output signal. I am ejaculated. Then, if no signal or noise is applied thereafter, the Q output terminal of the flip-flop F12 remains set to the high level IT. If this state continues for more than a specified time,
The microcomputer 80 (or 130) connected to the demodulation circuit determines that data has arrived and mistakenly starts reading the data. In this embodiment, a reference signal generation circuit and an external input priority circuit are provided to prevent this. FIG. 5h shows the operation timing of the reference signal generation circuit. This will be explained with reference to FIG. 5b. T from Poe+4PJO
/4 cycle Taronok pulse is F9 F9,
A pulse signal with a period of 2, which is applied to the cloth input terminal CK of the FIO and whose frequency is divided by 8 by the counter COI of the FSK modulation circuit +00 (or 150), is applied to the J input terminal of T-'9, etc. Furinofurosop F9, FIO, etc. operate as a differentiating circuit 2, and the output terminal of the inverter IN19 is
The pulse width (period of high level I) is T/4 and the period is 2.
'F reference signal is obtained. This reference signal has a period of 2T
Therefore, when this signal is applied to the frequency discrimination circuit, the frequency discrimination circuit discriminates this signal as data "o" and sets the demodulated output signal to a low level L. FIG. 5c shows the operation timing of the external input priority circuit. This will be explained with reference to FIG. 5c. The FSK signal (signal output from NA7) from the waveform shaping/differentiation circuit is sent to the inverter I. Applied to NIO and Nandoge-1-NΔ8. The output signal of the inverter INIO is applied to the F7, F8 and NAND gates 1 to NAI3, and the output signal from the NAND gate NA8 is applied to the counter C○2.
is applied to the reset input terminal R of. The clock input terminal GK of counter CO2 and flip-flop F7 has T
A clock pulse of /4 period is applied. When the FSf (signal is applied to the external input priority circuit and the input terminal of the inverter INIO becomes a low level L, the output terminal Q and the point of the free floating block F7 become and I, set 1
- to be done. Signals from output terminals Q and Q of F7 are applied to NAND game-1-NAI4 and NA15, respectively. Nandogame-1-NAI4, NA15 and NA16
is a signal selection circuit that selectively applies the FSK signal or the reference signal from the reference signal generation circuit to the frequency discrimination circuit according to the output terminal Q of the flip-flop F7 and the state of the point. . Blip Frotub F7 Q
When is senor1- to l-{, in the two-frequency circuit,
Inverter I. The FSK signal from N17 is applied. Further, when the output terminal Q of F7 is set to L, the reset of the counter CO2 is canceled and CO2 starts counting 1- of the cross clock. When the period of the FSK signal is '■', counter CO2 is 0.
, 1, 2.3, and the next FSK signal state change resets the signal to 1 again, and again 0, I,
2. Perform 3 and Count 1. FSK signal period is 2T
In the case of , after F7 is seso1-
Counter CO2 is O. ], 2, 3, 4, 5.6 and the counter is reset. In other words. When FSK (,q) is present, regardless of whether the period of the FSK signal is '■゛ or 2T, the signal T is sent to the power terminal R of the reset terminal 1 of the flip-flop F7 to the reset terminal 1.
Since -1 is not applied and 0 is applied, F7 holds the output terminals Q and Qa in the states of {{ and L}, respectively. In that state, flip. Since the high level T-1 is output to the output terminal Q of the float F8 at a predetermined timing, the FSK signal input to the inverter INIO is output from the NAND gate NA.
I. 3 and is applied to the NAND gate NA14 via the inverter INI7. Here, a high level ■] is applied to the other input terminal of the NAND gate NA14, so
The FSK signal is applied to the frequency discrimination circuit via NA14 and NA16. Also at this time, NAND gate NA
]. Since one input terminal of NAI 5 is at a low level L, the reference signal from the reference signal generation circuit is not output from NAI 5. When the FSK signal is no longer applied, the counter c02
Since the reset at count 6 is no longer applied, counter CO2 becomes . 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,'
9 and continue counting. When the count value of CO2 is 9, that is, 3 passes have passed since the start of the count 1, a high level (reset level) I-1 is applied to the reset input terminal R of the flip-flop F7 via the NAND gate NA9 and the inharter IN16. F7 is reset. As a result, the output terminals Q and G of Frithop flop F7
are inverted to L and H, respectively. When Q of F7 becomes II, a reset signal is applied to counter CO2. This reset signal continues until the next low level L is applied to the inverter IN1.0 and the Q of F7 is reset to r again. When the levels of the output terminals Q and Q of the flip-flop F7 are reversed, NAND gates 1 to NAI4 are closed, and NΔ15 is opened instead, and the inverter INl9 is
A reference signal from is applied to the frequency discrimination circuit via a NAND gate NA]6. FIG. 6 shows the RmB signal waveform of the entire device. Referring to FIG. 6, a case will be described in which a signal is sent from the steering operation board shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b to the steering wheel shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. As mentioned above, the output port PI2 of the microcomputer 80
When a high level H is output to PIO and a T/4 period clock pulse is output to PIO, if level I1 or L is set to 1 to 1 according to the data to be transmitted to output baud 1-r'11, the output will reach that level. Accordingly, a pulse signal with a period of 2T or 2T, that is, an FSK signal, is generated at the output end of the inverter INS, and as a result, when the FSK signal rises and falls, the transmission line including the slip ring SAI Signals of positive and negative polarity are generated. On the other hand, when audio is input to Microbon MCI, MC2, the audio signal is amplified by differential amplifier DFΔ, high pass filter HPF, low pass filter T. 1] Audioi of FM modulator FMM through F and amplifier 8MT3
applied to n. As a result, a relatively small-amplitude sine wave signal frequency-modulated by the audio IF 5 appears at the output end of the FM modulation circuit 95, and this signal is applied to the transmission path including the Slino ring SΔ1 via the capacitor. . Therefore, a signal in which the FSK signal and the wave-like FM signal modulated by the audio signal are superimposed appears on the transmission path. This signal is applied to the equipment on the vehicle body via the slip ring SA2.The signal is applied to the FSK demodulation circuit J60. 1? The SK demodulation circuit IGO extracts only the positive polarity pulse and negative polarity pulse components from the signal in a binary manner using simulator 1 to trigger STI, converts it into an FSK signal, and then converts it into an FSK signal.
According to the period of the SK signal, the r;sκ signal is converted into data rlJ.
Alternatively, the data is demodulated to "0" and applied to the input capacitor PI3 of the microcomputer 130. On the other hand, the signal from the transmission path is applied to the FM demodulation circuit 170. The FM demodulation circuit 170 is a ceramic filter CF.
At T, only the FM modulation signal is taken out and applied to the FM demodulation focusing circuit '78FMD. FMD is. The original audio signal is demodulated from the FM modulated wave and the audio signal is applied to the amplifier AMI. FIG. 7 shows FSK modulation circuits 100 and 150 of the embodiment.
shows the structure of the signals applied by the microcomputer 80 and I30. To explain with reference to FIG. 7, the signal is the mark signal of the first IO focus (high level: rt
”). It is followed by <1 bit of star 1 bit, 8 bits of data and 8 bits of BCC code. In the 8-bit data, bits 1-0 to bins 1-4 indicate the type of key, and bins 1 and 5 indicate key on/off ("l"
” indicates on, “0” indicates off), and bits 6 and 7
indicates a group of keys. In this example, the key groups are A, roI, I, and B
and "C" denoted by 10.To explain with reference to Fig. 2b, the key group Δ includes numeric keys (0 to 9), #, *, clear keys CI...R and The hold keys are HOI-, [), the key group B is the horn keys HSI and {S2, and the key group C is the call/off key - CALL/OFF. The operation of the device when performing a call operation and the operation of the device when a reception operation is shown are omitted and will be explained with reference to Fig. 8. , * and #. The microcomputer will now memorize the entered phone number. Wait for the call-off key CALL/OFF to be pressed. Press the call-off key CΔ+-+-/Ol"F. If manipulated, the person you are calling the phone number you memorized will be sent to you! Call like JI. When the called party hangs up the receiver (71 hook), the hands-free call is possible L, 7r/. I
. At this point, the relay R5 operates and the microphone MCIt; and M
C2 was cut off from the mobile device 71”RX, and no sound was heard from the vehicle.
f will no longer be sent. Once again, Cole Onoki 10 ALL. When /OFF is operated, it is determined that the call is over and the communication is terminated. Receiving operation When there is a call from the other party to the car I-telephone, ipP,,1
1 beep sounds. Wait until the call-off key - CALl, /○l"F is pressed. When the call-off key - CΔ■-, L. /OFF is operated, the normal right-hand handset becomes the same as "hanging up", and the other party The previous voice is output from Subika SP, and microphones MCI and MC'2 on the steering operation board are used as transmitters to transmit car-i:. connected to the phone. Again, call oso key CALL/OI? When F is operated, it is determined that the call has ended, and the communication is terminated. Figures 9a and 91, Figures 38 and 3b.
The steering operation board shown in the figure is made by Uj. The operation of each stem of the steering operation board will be described with reference to FIGS. 9a and 9b. The contents of the S1 memory are set as initial values, and the states of each output port of the microcomputer 80 are set to initial levels. As a result of this processing, the outputs baud 1 to F]2 become low level L, and output of the FSK signal is prohibited. Set the data output to the S2 key reading signal output port, that is, 1-P5 to the initial value. This initial data sets the focus to "0" (i.e., low level L) and sets the other bits to "1" (i.e., high level ) is set to 1 shift. In this embodiment, the bits corresponding to P1-P1 are set to "0" in the initial SEN1.
'', and the number corresponding to P1-P2, P3, P4 and P5 is set to ``1''. S3 predetermined data is sent to port 1-Pl. −[) Output to 5. This J1, the boat 11]-=one of the boats in I5 is at a low level]-6, and the other ports are at a high level H. Input boat connected to column line of S4 keema l-rinse 1) Read level 6 to [°9. No. :Referring to Figure 3.1, the input ports 1-P6 to p9 are connected to the power supply line c (1) through resistors, and the output ports 1 to
P]~1)5 and input ports P6~F)9 are connected in the form of keys 71~C, so for example, when key 1~Rix 90's key -O is pressed, the output port At the timing when low level Y is set to P1, the levels of Rokukaboto ``6.P7,!'8 and P9 are as follows.
That's it. ．． , H, II and 1 {Roar. S5 1/O of each bit of data read in step S4
u Invert. In other words, take the complement. S6 The key reading data obtained in step S5 is compared with the numerical value 0. If the value is 0, there is no key personnel, so step S
Otherwise, the process proceeds to step S7. Save (store) the S7 key read data in a predetermined memory 6. In order to eliminate the influence of mechanical vibration, that is, chattering, of the S8 key contact, wait for a predetermined time (for example, 10+nsec) necessary for the vibration to subside. The levels of S9 ports P6 to P9 are read again, and the logical sum of each bit of the value read in step S9 and the value saved in the memory in step S7 is calculated. It is checked whether the calculation result of the Sll step SIO is not O. If it is not 60, it is assumed that there is no key human power and the process proceeds to step S13; otherwise, the process proceeds to S12. 812 output ports P1 to P5 to the bin 1 of data "0" of the key reading line signal data. 6~P
From the data read from 9, an 8-bit key code corresponding to the pressed key number is generated. S1.3 Output baud 1 - Bit 1 of the data "0" of the key reading row signal data output to P1 to P5 is shifted to the adjacent bit 1 of (2) Bino 1. Check whether 8141 key reading scans are completed. If the process has not been completed, the process returns to step S3. Sl5 didn't have the strength alone, so 8 bit 1 ~ code 00
The key code is +1 (in hexadecimal). S16: Load the key code from the previous key reading scan from the memory. 317 A unit logical sum is calculated for each bit 1 of the old key code loaded by the steno knob 316 and the new key code obtained by the current key reading scan. S18 Check whether the calculation result is O. If O, that is, there is no key operation, the process returns to step S2; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S819. S19 The newly generated key code is stored in the memory at a predetermined address. It is checked whether the S20 key code belongs to key group A. Check whether the S21 key has been pressed or released. The keys of group A, that is, the numerical keys, * key, # key, clear key CLR, and hold key H○LD, are valid only when they are pressed, so if the keys are released, the process jumps to step S2. . S22 key Makes the buzzer sound once to confirm human power. S23 Check whether the pressed key belongs to group B. Group B keys or horn keys HSI
and HS2 is valid both when pressed and when released. S2'4 Sends the generated key code data to the transmission line, and notifies the device on the vehicle model body side that the key has been manually operated. This process will be explained in detail later. 825 In the data transmission in step S24, it is checked whether the data was sent correctly. 826 Check whether the pressed key belongs to group C. Regarding the keys of Group C, ie, the call-off keys CALL/OFF, data inverted to indicate whether the key is on or off is transmitted each time the key is pressed. From the S27 memory, select the call-off key CA. LL/OFF
Load data indicating the on/off status of the A new key code with the on/off state of the call-off key CALL/OFF reversed is generated from the S28 key code and the data loaded in step S27. For example, if the state of the call-off key was on in the previous operation, key code data indicating that the call-off key is off is generated in the current key operation. S29 Similar to step S24, in the data transmission of step S30 S29, it is checked whether the data was sent correctly. S31 call-off key CA.S32 call-off key CA. L. L/OI? Depending on the state of F, relays RI-. Performs on/off control of l. As a result, the I"M modulation circuit 95 and the like are controlled. S33 An error occurred in the data transmission, so the driver I".
7. 2 times 'F. The driver is notified of the occurrence of an error. Since an S34 key reading error has occurred, the buzzer +37 sounds three times to notify the driver of the error occurrence. In Fig. 1 (Fig. 1a, Fig. 101) and Fig. 10c,
The lV. shown in Figures a and 4b. This figure shows the construction of Mikitai L's device. Figures 10a, 1{]b Figures 9 and 10c
The famous steno knob will be explained with reference to the diagram. The content of the S51 memory is the initial value, and the status of each output baud 1- of the micron viewer 130 is set to the initial value [;
．． Set. By this process η1, the output baud1-})I2
becomes low level, and the output of SK411 is prohibited. S52 Checks whether the telephone 'I'EL is off-hook.353 Since the telephone 'T'EL is off-hook, it outputs }-1 to the output port 11K20 and relays at 5.
Turn on <4, output I+ to output baud 1 to lIKIO, output [, to output baud 1 and Δaudio, and turn on relay R2.
9, ] and turn off R3 (RI-, 2). At 211, the operation is similar to that of a car telephone.
I can f'ij71. S54 Steering wheel control ball 1- or 1゛, the contents of the mail that memorizes the hands-free call instruction are row 1.
- to do. S55c〉'1 Check whether you have designated a free call. In the initial state, the key is not fixed, so proceed to Steno knob S57, but the call-off key CAI-, [, /OF
[” is on (C△I-T-.) L:: set A (rudo,
Hand 1-free calling is specified and it becomes Sudesobu 85G} (
nothing. S56 output port 1 - HK20 output 1,"UIJL
--Turn on R4, output II to I-IK10 to output board 1, output l-1i to output board t-Audio, and output L/-R2 and R3 (R+.2). Turn on the output board. Output ■ to l-PS to turn on relay R1 and set it to SENO1. Now, the telephone "T'IE: L. 9" and the mobile device TRX
is turned on, the electric socket of the I='M demodulation circuit 170 is turned on, and the amplifier Δ is connected to the audio receiving line of the mobile unit 'I'R.
MI”l is connected, f

[ru. 357 Output [, to output port l-IOLD, turn off relay R5, output [, to output port 11K20, turn off relay R4, output port 1-1-IKIO,
2, output L to output port 1-Audio to turn off relays R2 and R3 (RI.2), and output H to output port 1-PS to turn off relay R1. −
do. with this? li item 'I'ET,, move! JJ machine TR
X'! ; and the power of the FM demodulation circuit 170 is turned off,
Telephone device GO ET and mobile device 'It' RX are connected. Data from S58 steering control board is received. 1. will be explained in detail later. S59 Steering control board 1.1- Determine whether data transmission generated by key 1/■ operation was performed by steering operation button 1- or I. S60 The data sent is sent to keys 1-1- of group △.
Determine whether 1-ru. S [31 key 1- is a numeric key, * key or IJ: it
Determine whether it is a key. For the SG2 key 1, it is determined whether the pole 1 key is HOl or "). For the SG3 key 1, it is determined whether the clear key Cr-r< or not. By S64, each Sent numeric key = key code 1-
Clears the address counter of the memory to be saved. 1) Cancel the previous numeric key input. It is determined whether the S65 key code belongs to group B. 366 key code 1-is pawn key IIs]. ,lIS2
Determine whether it corresponds to Is it Key Inochion for S67 Keyco 1? 868 The horn key was released, so set the horn to off. S69 The horn key was pressed, so set the horn to on.
~do. Check whether the S70 key code is in group C. The key code received as S71 data is group A.
, B and C, it is treated as a data reception error and the buzzer BZ sounds three times. S72 Loads the contents of the memory that stores the hands-free call instruction from the steering operation board. S73 Check whether the data loaded in S72 specifies a hands-free call. 874 Loads the contents of the memory that stores the instructions given by the HOLD key. Inverts the 1/0 (on/off) of the data loaded in S75874 and stores it in the original memory. Therefore, if there is no previous hold instruction, a predetermined bit of the data is set to "1", that is, a hold instruction. Check whether 376 hold is specified. 377 Since hold release was specified, the output baud 1 to N
Output ■ to OLD and set relay R5 to OFF. Now the FM demodulation circuit]. The signal output terminal of 70 is the mobile device.
It is connected to the transmission audio input terminal 1' of the TRX, and it becomes possible to talk using the microphones IC1 and MC2 located in the steering wheel knob. Since 578 hold was specified, 1{O to output baud 1
Output H to LD and turn on relay R5. At this JL, the output terminal of the FMtW adjustment circuit 170 and the mobile device TRX are switched. The key code for the 879 numeric key has arrived, so we input that code into the BCD ([3inar
yCodedDecimal) code and store it in memory at a predetermined address. 580 numeric key [Increments the contents of the counter that specifies the memory address where the 3CD code is stored. S81 Check whether the key code received from the steering operation board indicates operation of the call-off key CALL/OFF. S82 key code is call-off key on (CALL)
Determine whether it indicates a condition. Since the S83 call-off key is set to OFF, the contents of the memory that stores the Han I-free call designation are set to rOJ.
(Hands-free call cancellation). Since the S84 call-off key was sent to CALL,
Set the contents of the memory that stores the hands-free call designation to "1"
(Hands-free call designation). S85? Ii phone T
Check whether the EL receiver is off the TET. Output 1-[ to S86 output port HK20 and connect relay R.
Turn on 4, set 14 to output boat HKIO, output H to output boat Audio, and connect relays R2 and R.
3 (RL2), outputs L to the output port PS, and turns on the relay R1. Now, the power of the telephone TEL and the mobile device TRX is turned on, the power of the FM demodulation circuit 170 is turned on, and movement 4! kT
An amplifier AMP is connected to the audio receiving line of RX. S87 Relay operating time and movement {increase waits for the time u17 required for the relay to enter the predetermined operating state from power-on. S88 move! l! Check whether the IJRTRX power is on. 889 Is the car model in a position where it can communicate (radio wave power l)?
Check whether it will arrive or not. This is determined by checking whether the output terminal CI of the TRX is at a level indicating that communication is possible. Since the vehicle is in a position where an S90 failure has occurred or communication is not possible, the buzzer BZ sounds twice to notify the driver that an error has occurred. 89] Set the contents of the memory that stores the hands-free call designation to "OJ (hands-free call cancellation). 4 bits of the number entered with the 392 numeric key - BCI)"
The contents of the memory that stores the code are read from the address specified by the numerical pointer (address counter) and loaded into a predetermined register. S93 Step S92
Convert to the same code as the dial code where EL is generated. S94 In synchronization with the pulse signal output from the CP terminal of the mobile station TRX, the dial code obtained in S93 is sequentially and DI
Output at the end. S95 Increment the value of the numerical pointer once. Check whether all S96BCD codes have been read from memory. This is determined by looking at the value of the numerical pointer. If the process has not ended, the process returns to step S92 and reads one 13C code from the next numerical pointer. 11th. Figure a shows details of the data transmission (transmission) operation of the microcomputer 80. The operation of each step will be explained with reference to FIG. 11a. Generates an 8-bit CRC check character BCC for data to be transmitted by SIOI. S102 Set a predetermined value in the counter to limit the number of data transmissions. S103 Output port P12 is set to H so that FSK signal can be output, and mark 9 ter 1 bit,
Transmit data and BC (: code) are synchronized with the clock and sequentially output to the output board I-Pll.
-Sly S
Prohibits output of SK signal. Sl05 Check whether there is data input from the [・”SK modulation circuit of the other party]. If there is no data input, proceed to step S107. 8106 The data sent from the other party does not indicate data reception confirmation and acknowledges ACKO. As will be explained later, when data is transmitted, the receiving side outputs an ACKO to the transmitting side. S107 Limino 1 - Decrement the value of the counter, and determine whether the result is O. o'C-If not, Sl
Returns to step 03, and if it is 0, proceeds to step S113. Sl08 Again, set 1-1 to output port 1 to Pl2 [to make it possible to output the FSK signal, and set each bino l of CKl to mark, star 1 to bit 1-, and acknowledge indicating W+2 of ACKO. Outputs continuously in synchronization with the clock. Connect ■ to S109 output port P12 to Seno I, and connect FS
Prohibits output of K signal. Sl10 Checks whether an FSK signal has arrived from the other party (receiving side). As will be explained later, if the receiving side receives an acknowledgment ΔCKI from the transmitting side after outputting the acknowledgement ACKO, it will stop outputting the FSK signal, but if it does not receive the ACKI, it will output the FSKli signal including the ACKO again. Output. Therefore, the fact that the FSK signal comes from the receiving side means that the data ΔCK from the transmitting side is not received by the receiving side. Since SillACKI is not received by the receiving side,
Increment the value of the limit counter once and check whether the value is 0 or not. If not 0, step 8
Returning to 106, ACK1 is transmitted again, and if it is 0, the process advances to step S113. S112 Limit 1 - Data transmission has been completed within the predetermined number of times set in the counter, so "OK" is displayed in the transmission result code.
SI]3Remiso1~Even if the data is transmitted to the counter a predetermined number of times, the data value and the acknowledgement value are not transmitted to the correct mark:t, so the transmission result is 11B shows the details of the data reception operation of data reception operation 8.1. S121 Checks whether the FSK signal has been received, that is, whether data has been input to the input port [)l3. Since no data has come to the 8122 person cabo 11 PI3, the code corresponding to no data reception is sent. Seno 1 is stored in the reception memory. Limits the number of data reception operations for 31231 data transmissions or sets a predetermined value in the mit counter. S124 CRC check character BC from received data
Generate C. S125 Compare the BCC value of the received data and the BCC value generated in Stenobu S124. Both? If they are equal, it is determined that the data was received correctly. Proceed to step 8128, otherwise proceed to s]2G. 8126 error occurred, so set limit 1 to counter 1.
Decrement it times and check if the result is 0. If not 0, return to s'l27; if 0, S13
Proceed to step 4. - There is S127 data input, but how do you check it? If there is received data, the process advances to S124; otherwise, the process advances to S126. Sl28 successfully received data, so output port PI
Set H to 2 so that the FsK signal can be output,
The mark, start bit, and acknowledge bit of ACKO are output continuously in synchronization with the clock. S129 Sets the output port PL2 to L to prohibit output of the FSK signal. Check whether the FSK signal is received on the 8130 receiving side. s1'. 31... Check whether the received data is an acknowledgment from the transmitting side (CK1) issued in response to an acknowledgement Δcr<o from the receiving side. Rec. A
If it is C, Kl, proceed to S133, otherwise S13
Proceed to step 2. ,' S132 limit 1 ・ Decrement the man's inner work 1
~ and check whether the result is O. ' Must be 0? If the value is 0, the process returns to 8128, and if the value is 0, the process proceeds to 3134. S] 33 Limit 1 - The data transmission was completed within the number of times set to 1 in the counter, so "O" is displayed in the transmission result coat.
S134 Limit 1/Set 1 to the limit 1 counter. Even if data is transmitted for the number of buttocks set by 1 to 1, the data and acknowledge ΔCl 1 are not transmitted to the limit 1 counter, so set IINGI1 to the transmission result code. In the above embodiment, the case where the machine is mounted on a vehicle has been explained.
The present invention can be similarly applied when a radio device such as a commercial radio, amateur radio, or CB radio is mounted on a vehicle. ? Furthermore, in the embodiment, the steering operation board is not equipped with any special equipment other than a buzzer, but as shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 5G-188723, for example, a light emitting diode display device is provided on the steering operation board to display various can be displayed on the steering operation board. As described above, according to the present invention, since the microphone on the steering wheel can be used to make telephone calls, etc., the driver. To enable safe communication without having to drive with one hand even when the driver is driving a car.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a steering operation board signal transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2a is a diagram showing the vicinity of the steering boiler and driver seat of an automobile equipped with the device of FIG. ; 1st view, 2b is the 2nd view
Fig. 2c is a side sectional view showing the mounting structure of the steering wheel portion of Fig. 2a, and Figs. 3a and 3b are the front view of the steering wheel of the device shown in Fig. 1. Prepared on the operation board. Wow: So. FIGS. 4a and 4b are block diagrams showing the electric circuits provided on the vehicle body side of the device shown in FIG. 1, and FIGS. Figures a, 5b and 5c show the FSK demodulation circuit 110, 1 (3) of Figure 1.
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing the general signal waveforms of each part of the device in FIG. 1, and FIG. ) shows the structure of the data string. Plan view, No. 8. ．． The figure shows a flowchart 1 showing an outline of the outgoing and receiving operations when making a telephone call using the device r1 shown in FIG.
5 is a flowchart 1-1 showing the operation of the microcomputer 80, FIG. 10a, FIG. 10b and FIG. The operation of the microcomputer 130 shown in FIG. t.
Data transmission (transmission) of the Mark R computer 80 in the ffil diagram. ! [Flochani 1-, 1st work by flJ
1. ．． Figure b is micro. 1 is a flowchart 1- showing a data receiving operation of the computer 130. 1: Dry seat 2: Telephone (']'EL) (second acoustic-to-electric conversion means) 3: Steering wheel 31: Operation panel 38. 41: Support 1-39, 42:
Gear 40: Steering shaft 43: Connection part 44: Printed circuit board 70. 120: Constant voltage power supply 80: Microcomputer 90: Key switch (switch means) 95: FM modulation circuit (first modulation means) 100: T" S
K modulation circuit (second modulation means) 110: FSK demodulation circuit 130: microcomputer (switching control means) 150
:FSK modulation circuit +60:I''SK demodulation circuit (second demodulation means) 170:
FM demodulation circuit (first demodulation means) 180: Branch connection circuit (connection switching means) MCI, MC2: Microphone (
SA]. , SA2, SB1, SB2: Slip link}
3Δ1, + UΔ2, BI3+, BB2: Brush Go RX: Mobile device (communication means) DFAC differential amplifier SP: Speaker power -208= 209 210- -211-212- -213 -214- -215-

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] (1) At least one device installed on or near the steering wheel. and. and a signal corresponding to the operation of the first modulation means, the switch means, and the switch means. A steering operation boat, which is equipped with a second modulation means for performing modulation by α11; A second ts1 means for demodulating the signal modulated by the modulation means of 2., a communication means for emitting a ?I1 magnetic wave modulated by the audio signal, a second acoustic-to-electric conversion means, and a first demodulation means. signal from and the second
Select and selectively apply {n) from the sound banquet and electrical conversion means to the communication means. and a switching control means for controlling the connection switching means in response to a signal from the second demodulation means. Car” 2. A steering control device comprising: a control device; a steering control board; and an on-vehicle control device. Operation board signal transmission line - (2) The transmission means includes a slip ring and a brush ring connected thereto;
Said special ¥r request. Range of. Steering operation board 1 to value code transmission device as described in item (1). (3) There are multiple slip rings and brushes, and they are concentric around the steering shaft. circular 3
゜Formation 4゛. ′゛ru.・nif quality fFKN:J
< of. Scope No. (2) The city, (no, tearing operation boat {A transmission device. (4) The output end of the first modulation means, the output end of the second modulation means?, the output end of the first demodulation means The input end and the input end of the second demodulating means are connected to a first set of slip links and brushes, and the battery is connected to a second set of slip links and brushes, said feature n. 'rWet=
Steering operation board signal transmission device as described in item (3) of Scope J. (5) The second acoustic-to-electrical blood conversion means is a telephone. ．． A steering operation board signal transmission device according to claim (1). (6) The first modulation means is a frequency modulation circuit, and the second modulation means is an FSK modulation circuit.
) The steering operation port signal transmission device described in item 2. (7) Claims (1), (2), and (3) above, wherein the steering operation board includes a third demodulating means, and the on-vehicle control device includes a third modulating means. , No. (4)
3. The steering operation board signal transmission device according to item (5) or item (6).